Bold Goals Action Group Releases 40 Bold Actions to Accelerate the Bioeconomy

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March 16, 2024
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by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the Bold Goals Action Group released the final text of the 40 Bold Actions to Accelerate at ABLC 2024. The release capped a year-long, multi-national effort by bioeconomy stakeholders to define specific actions that must be accomplished by industry, financiers and government in order to reach ambitious Net Zero defossilization goals set by governments and corporations in recent years.

“Stakeholders around the world tell us that these Actions, when achieved,” commented Digest editor Jim Lane in unveiling the Bold Actions, “are the bridge to the future that the bioeconomy needs.”

More than 100 organizations, meeting under the Chatham House rule which provides anonymity in order to foster free conversation, participated in two online meet-ups and live workshops in Sydney, San Francisco, Ottawa and New Delhi to develop the 40 Bold Actions unveiled in today’s release.

The group was formed shortly after the announcement of President Biden’s “Bold Goals for the Bioeconomy” at ABLC 2023 in Washington DC. The founders recognized that the advanced bioeconomy has transitioned from development to deployment stage, but could not be expected to realize the ambitious timelines and scales of the Bold Goals — including but not limited to 3 billion gallons of US SAF capacity by 2030 — without significant acceleration, and without Bold Actions to ensure that acceleration occurs.

As background, the Complete Biden Administration Bold Goals can be reviewed here.

The Bold Goals Action Group had its initial meet-up in Sydney in September and formulated a draft of 25 Bold Actions, which were been revised and expanded during a similar meet-ups in San Francisco, Ottawa, New Delhi and two online meet-ups for the Asian, South American and European regions.

Ratification now begins of the Bold Actions by bioeconomy stakeholders, and the Action Group will focus on implementation. The first deliverable from the Bold Actiomns is expected to be unveiled on Thursday, March 14th, also at ABLC 2024.

Roughly one-third of the Bold Actions related to actions required of government and policymakers, the remaining Actions are for industry, financiers and supply-chain partners.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR BIOMASS RESOURCE OWNERS

The starting point of a bioeconomy is its raw materials. Yet, an incomprehensible patchwork of databases, standards, regulations, definitions, practices, goals, and priorities have failed to answer the fundamental questions that are the foundation of a biomass resource: who has what, where, when, in what condition, at what price?

ACTIONS:

1. Working to increase the volume and quality of sustainable, affordable biomass feedstocks through efficient use of arable land and water, yield management, restorative agriculture, effective harvesting, use of alternatives to harmful chemicals, while avoiding disadvantageous land use change.

2. Working to expand biomass capacity by developing and deploying sustainable intermediate, rotational crops, marine crops, and dedicated energy crops that improve soil productivity.

3. Developing improved methods for aggregating, processing, fractionating, and fully utilizing all biomass residue components to satisfy bioeconomy growth goals.

4. Driving adoption of climate-smart technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration.

5. Driving down the cost, and working to remove non-price barriers, in the aggregation of forestry, agricultural, municipal, and animal residues, especially currently untapped sustainable biogenic resources.

6. Engaging more fully with indigenous, diverse, and small landowners in developing improved models for land stewardship.

7. Supporting a harmonized worldwide intellectual property system to advance the development and deployment of higher-yielding crops, intermediate crops, aggregation and pre-treatment systems, and supply chain management that equitably distributes the due benefits of the bioeconomy across the value chain.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR SUPPLY-CHAIN DEVELOPERS & OWNERS

The foundational challenge of a bioeconomy or any sector based on refining of physical raw materials into value-added products is the challenge of harvesting, aggregating, transporting, storing, conditioning, and standardizing the raw materials. Yet, much global infrastructure is antiquated, incompatible, unsustainable, or under-utilized. Long distance transport of biomass feedstocks is inefficient and there is a need to optimize biomass supply chain management.

ACTIONS:

1. Expanding the number of feedstock pre-processing facilities (including but not limited to biomass pre-treatment and seed crushing facilities) to simplify delivery of densified biomass to biorefineries, and developing biomass hubs that support multiple lower-cost refineries.

2. Developing more innovative, reliable, and cost-effective feedstock pre-processing and pre-treatment technology and working towards a technical and trading Uniform Transportable Feedstock Standard.

3. Developing more effective and affordable use of existing infrastructure and supporting the construction of new systems to transport solid, liquid, and gaseous feedstocks and by-products, including but not limited to sustainable power supply, pipelines, barging and rail.

4. Establishing longer-term safe storage and warehousing for biomass at scales that reduce cost, manage hazard, offer diversified market options to biomass resource owners and providing financiers and refiners greater transparency and reliability on biomass availability and carbon intensity specifications.

5. Enabling provenance data of feedstock supply to increase trust and traceability, and to support “book and claim” systems for delivery of low-carbon alternatives.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR PROJECT, TECH & PROCESS DEVELOPERS

A major issue facing the expansion of the bioeconomy is the lengthy time from discovery to significant market penetration for new products. The current timeline is 20+ years and to date with very few success stories. However, there is a convergence of powerful new technologies that enable truly disruptive approaches that can accelerate a bioeconomy, but most of these technologies are focused early in the value chain. There is a need for strategies to accelerate development and commercialization to dramatically reduce time to market and improve the rate of success.

ACTIONS:

1. Promoting bio-based products not only for their utility but also for their carbon intensity and societal benefits and highlighting the need for green premiums that are linked to performance and carbon benefits.

2. Utilizing all existing programs that support development in disadvantaged communities to diversify and spread the growth of bio-based production and jobs.

3. Creating and managing integrated demonstrations of advanced biorefineries that demonstrate and de-risk complete systems instead of individual processes and components.

4. Ensuring that products and intermediates are infrastructure–compatible.

5. Collaborating to develop new “ways of working” as an industry with the goal of dramatically reducing the time to market for new products and services. Inducing industry led initiatives that foster open innovation, collaboration, cooperation, partnering, and that promote the formation of relationships at the earliest stages of product discovery to ensure access to resources in a timely manner.

6. Forming partnerships at all levels of government to ensure that government policies, regulations, incentives, and resources are aligned with critical needs, reflect the sustained support needed by a nascent industry, and attract private sector capital.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR FINANCE

The capital and operating costs — and the financial rewards for success at scale — of a biorefining industry are immense. Yet, capital accumulation takes too long, and is inefficient and expensive. The risks of new technologies, the price volatility of raw materials and products, offtake contracts, the sunsetting of incentives, and regulatory uncertainty are not efficiently measured and mitigated. Accelerating deployment of technology requires more and better financial tools deployed by motivated public and private finance working together to harmonize, accelerate, and reduce the cost of due diligence, mitigate risks, assure investors and bring sustainable products to willing buyers at the price they can afford.

ACTIONS:

1. Developing project risk ratings to facilitate due diligence and create development funnels to realize greater capital allocation efficiency.

2. Fostering the growth of a Development Capital Industry to address the financing of projects between pilot scale and commercial deployment.

3. Developing a system of financial agreements that are harmonized, transparent, and repeatable, and straightforward to act upon.

4. Prioritizing regionally strategic investment in infrastructure to ensure that biomass-replete zones are also project-ready zones.

5. Taking a portfolio approach to the development of process technologies, feedstocks, products, and linking techno-economic analysis to process development as an iterative cycle that will lead to better technologies, sooner.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR TRADE & INDUSTRY GROUPS

Trade and industry groups play a valuable role in the development and deployment of the bioeconomy. Yet, groups are often formed to foster subsets of feedstocks, regions, and value-add products, focusing their efforts on regulations, adoption, standards of interest to many, collaboration and coordination is tactical rather than strategic, and certain tasks that must be undertaken by all, for the benefit of all, are left undone.

ACTIONS

1. Advising on economic development programs that support conversion of existing refining assets, particularly those that can use increasing amounts of sustainable biobased feedstocks.

2. Designing an effective and scalable repeatable program of education, including the certification of bioeconomy educators and influencers in the public and private sectors that can better inform non-industry stakeholders, support effective and swifter decision-making, and foster a portfolio approach to energy investment and deployment.

3. Educating the market about the value of clean, low carbon fuels, food, feed, fiber, materials, and the economy-wide value of investments in near-term green premiums for sectors still building to scale.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR RESEARCHERS & ACADEMIA

The bioeconomy is built on a foundation of science and innovation, and workforce training, carried out by researchers and academics around the world. Yet, inefficiencies remain in: the transfer of technological innovations from the lab to the field or the refinery; the training of a workforce with the right skills and the needed capacity; the development of proven, scalable systems as opposed to components or sub-processes and the development of resilience from the crop in the field through to the manufacturing process.

ACTIONS:

1. Focusing on development of new feedstocks and intermediate crops, uniform feedstock conditioning, the efficiency and robustness of catalysts, and supporting partnerships for the improvement of processing technologies and for new product development.

2. Developing instruction and certification coursework in bioeconomy engineering, techno-economic feasibility, lifecycle analysis, and bioeconomy project due diligence, beginning in secondary school and continuing into undergraduate and postgraduate education, including the promotion of coursework involving vocational training programs and partnerships with biomass resource owners, technology developers and international agencies.

3. Encouraging the use of robust cell factory organisms wherever possible to maximize the possibility of transferring and duplicating success at scale. and focusing on expanding the scalability and diversity of feedstock options.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR GOVERNMENT

Strong collaboration between government and industry is needed to enable de-fossilization of fuels, chemicals, and materials. Public investment should prioritize commercial-scale demonstrations of technologies and systems; prioritize investments subject to techno-economic feasibility to ensure investment flows to the best projects for deployment at scale. Further, a chief objective of investment and government support in early-stage development should be the reduction of risk especially for those projects that industry cannot or will not undertake. In later stages, for risks associated with deployment at scale that project insurance cannot affordably cover; and in all phases of development, the focus should be on broad provision of capital rather than picking ‘winners’. Policies and programs should be expanded, simplified, and sped up to support commercial-scale projects that offer the highest carbon reduction values and account for carbon intensity.

ACTIONS:

1. Adopting an all-of-government and all-levels-of-government approach when supporting the development of fossil alternatives — including but not limited to departments of energy, agriculture, defense, science, finance, and environment, and local, state/provincial, and national levels — with an emphasis on developing transparent, speedy, technology-neutral and efficient programs, and reliable, speedy, and consistent regulatory support. Aiming for harmonized regulations that are feedstock-neutral, science-based, harmonized, predictable, and reliable. Harmonization should include permitting reform that reduces the time and cost of project development and fossil-alternative deployment.

2. Creating economy-wide credits and incentives, stable and harmonized across all regions, to create a level playing field with fossil carbon, that lasts until the cost of a given facility is paid off, begin at the commencement of production, are payable directly to the project developer, and support a minimum selling price for early-stage, smaller-volume products as they seek to compete in highly volatile commodity markets.

3. Supporting the capital costs of converting fossil refineries, or mothballed bio-based refineries, to 100% sustainable bio-based feedstocks.

4. Undertaking permitting reform to reduce the time and cost of project development and fossil-alternative deployment; implementing less prescriptive crop insurance to speed up the development of bio-capacity and extending coverage to include intermediate crops.

5. Mapping global feedstock availability (agriculture, marine, woody biomass, waste, etc.) down to the actual growers and volumes — a census of biomass that reflects availability and intent, and which measures sustainability from soil to end use, and characterizes feedstock condition to incentivize the expansion of biorefineries near feedstock sources and prioritize feedstock availability beyond crops to include all biomass sources.

6. Creating an international agency to coordinate the sharing of information on by-products valorization, prices, feedstock aggregation, pre-treatment, crush, grinding, transportation infrastructure, distribution, biomass capacity, and technologies for license.

Georgia Lafoudas accepts the
Bold Goals Gold Bowl award
for her work at the White House
pulling together the "New Bold Goals
and Priorities to Advance American
Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing"
announced in 2023 and urging and
inspiring the work of the
Bold Goals Action Group

BOLD ACTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIP

The bioeconomy is the one, true global industry, because it shares with people the dependency on land and water; where people are abundant, so is biomass. International bodies, agencies and leaders can play a catalytic role in accelerating the bioeconomy transition. Yet, global organizations to coordinate this inherently world-wide economic effort in innovation and sustainable deployment are few in number, young, and lacking in unified purpose.

ACTIONS:

1. Harmonizing standards, regulations and development programs that are transparent, consistent, reliable, and science-based, and communicate benefits in an accessible manner.

2. Encouraging countries to prepare and enforce transparent, harmonized, and science-based standards for carbon intensity, water use efficiency, and land-use standards.

3. Prioritizing efforts to hire, train, and retain a highly skilled workforce to achieve all of the Bold Actions with a focus on capacity building and competence expansion.

4. Engaging with industry, and national and sub-national agencies to develop and deploy transparent, aggressive, science-based, and harmonized low-carbon fuels and materials standards.

BOLD ACTIONS FOR THE BOLD GOALS ACTION GROUP

Stakeholders seeking to catalyze industrial development need world-wide industrial and financial counterparties to advise them, since it is industry and financiers that must build, own and operate the assets by which BOLD GOALS are met. Yet, technical and deployment advisory groups are regional, unstable, politicized, periodic and must be made more effective to ensure that global stakeholders realize BOLD GOALS as quickly, affordably, and sustainably as possible. The members of the BOLD GOALS ACTON GROUP have proven that working groups can organize quickly and effectively to gather, process and prioritize feedback and perspective from stakeholders.

ACTIONS:

1. Creating and supporting for the long-term, a working group to steward and oversee the implementation of these Bold Actions and to continue to serve for all organizations that seek independent, commercially focused, science-based, technology-neutral feedback from a “coalition of the willing” of project developers, scientists, financiers, end-users, and economic development officials.  READ MORE

Related articles

Excerpt from Bio.News:  A strong bioeconomy can help us mitigate climate change, increase sustainable production, and expand manufacturing of cutting-edge therapies while boosting U.S. technological capabilities and providing new jobs.

President Biden’s Sept. 12, 2022, executive order was designed to achieve this kind of bioeconomy. The order is based on a broad whole-of-government approach with coordinated actions from various agencies and offices.

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy followed up on March 22, 2023, with the Bold Goals for U.S. Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing, to describe what the order could achieve.

One year later, the sustainable development targets described in the “Bold Goals” are possible through appropriate policy, regulatory coordination, and public-private partnerships, according to Beth Ellikidis, VP for Agriculture & Environment at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO).

“BIO and our member companies are committed to working with the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the administration to deliver pioneering technology breakthroughs that improve the health, environment, and prosperity of our nation and the world,” says Ellikidis.

...

What’s been done so far

The Bioeconomy Executive Order lays out roughly 40 different actions from various agencies. As of the beginning of 2024, the government has developed important strategy documents and tools.

According to an assessment by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), the main activities include producing publications offering a strategy and a framework for encouraging the bioeconomy.

The FAS has a live tracker for the Bioeconomy Executive Order, which shows that many activities still need to be undertaken.

What needs to be done

BIO’S Ellikidis maintains that “biotechnology can address global health crises, environmental stewardship, and food security in a growing world,” and achieve the “Bold Goals.” However, enabling such positive developments requires:

  • Leading with science and U.S. innovation.
  • Adopting more sustainable technologies.
  • Streamlining and expediting regulatory pathways for breakthrough technology.

To this end, BIO advocates the following government actions:

  • Implementing the actions and objectives laid out in  the Bioeconomy Executive Order, with the ambition of achieving the “Bold Goals for U.S. Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing.”
  • Facilitating interagency coordination between the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • Encouraging government officials to catalyze public-private partnerships to further accelerate gains made by biotechnology.

“Biotechnology addresses some of society’s greatest challenges. Implementing the administration’s Bold Goals would promote continued innovation and incentivize even more progress in the bioeconomy,” says Ellikidis. “We urge action to operationalize those goals.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Biofuels Digest:  The Bold Goals Action Group released the final text of the 40 Bold Actions to Accelerate at ABLC 2024, and they can be found here. The release capped a year-long, multi-national effort by bioeconomy stakeholders to define specific actions that must be accomplished by industry, financiers and government in order to reach ambitious Net Zero defossilization goals set by governments and corporations in recent years.

More than 100 organizations, participated in two online meet-ups and live workshops in Sydney, San Francisco, Ottawa and New Delhi to develop the 40 Bold Actions unveiled in today’s release.

The founders recognized that the advanced bioeconomy has transitioned from development to deployment stage, but could not be expected to realize the ambitious timelines and scales of the Biden Administration’s Bold Goals — including but not limited to 3 billion gallons of US SAF capacity by 2030 — without significant acceleration, and without Bold Actions to ensure that acceleration occurs.   READ MORE  WATCH recorded presentation

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Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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