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The Case for Conversion

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Gevo Inc. expects to close early this year on a deal to acquire the ethanol production and carbon capture and storage assets of Red Trail Energy LLC in Richardton, North Dakota, for $210 million. Gevo

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BETO Selects 13 Small Businesses to Develop Innovative Bio-Based Products and Biomass Processing Technologies

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced awards for the FY24 Phase I Release 2 of the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program. Across DOE, 229 projects in 39 states received $52 million to pursue clean

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Novel Electro-Biodiesel a More Efficient, Cleaner Option to Existing Alternatives

by Beth Miller (Washington University) Joshua Yuan, Susie Dai and colleagues at WashU and Texas A&M create biodiesel with electrocatalysis and bioconversion -- Researchers in the labs of Joshua Yuan in the McKelvey School of Engineering and Susie Dai at the University

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PBF Energy Expects Renewable Diesel Production, Economics to Improve in Q4

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) PBF Energy Inc. on Oct. 31 announced that its St. Bernard Renewables facility produced 13,000 barrels per day of renewable diesel during the third quarter. Production is expected to increase during the fourth quarter.  The company previously

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HYCO1 Announces the First Commercial Operation of its Breakthrough CO2 Conversion Technology, Achieving TRL-9 Status

(HYCO1/PR Newswire)  HYCO1, Inc. announces it has achieved a key milestone in commercializing its breakthrough CO2 conversion technology, already surpassing 1,500 hours of continuous steady-state operation in its first commercial CUBE™ Syngas system (CUBE™ stands for Carbon Utilization. Best Efficiency). The revolutionary HYCO1

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New $5 Million DoE Award Supports KU Startup’s Green Hydrogen Energy Research

(University of Kansas)  With $5 million in support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the University of Kansas and Avium — a startup firm founded by researchers from KU’s School of Engineering — aim to make clean hydrogen more affordable. According to

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In Step toward Solar Fuels, Durable Artificial Photosynthesis Setup Chains Two Carbons Together

(University of Michigan)  The system produces ethylene, an important ingredient of many plastics, with much higher efficiency, yield and longevity than competing systems --  A key step toward reusing CO2 to make sustainable fuels is chaining carbon atoms together, and an artificial

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A New, 3B Gallon Ethanol Market: Me Energy Takes Top Prize at Radicle Corn Value Chain Challenge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  California, Germany’s Me Energy took the million dollar first prize in the year-long Radicle Corn Value Chain Challenge. The finals were held in San Francisco as a part of ABLC Next. ME energy’s technology Me energy has developed unique technology enabling Rapid Chargers

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Georgia Tech Researchers Develop More Efficient Approach for Turning Plant Biomass into Useful Chemicals

by Brad Dixon (Georgia Institute of Technology)  Lignin is one of the most plentiful organic polymers on Earth, making up about 20 to 30 percent of the dry mass of wood and other plants. Despite this abundance, lignin’s complex structure has challenged

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Aether Fuels Signs MOU with JetBlue

(Aether/Globe Newswire)  Agreement creates pathway for Aether to supply sustainable aviation fuel to JetBlue  --  - Aether Fuels (Aether), a venture-backed climate technology company, today announced that it has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with JetBlue (NASDAQ: JBLU). Aether has developed a breakthrough technology that

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF from Wet Wastes via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Wet wastes could provide up to 6 billion gallons of SAF and saves on expensive alternative disposal processes that can reach as high as $4 per gallon of fuel. In this project, researchers propose a method

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Catalyst Selection Holds the Key to Flexible, Efficient SAF and Renewables Production

by Milica Folić and  Maria Jesus Lorences Perez (Topsoe/Biofuels Digest) ...  Ideally, solutions for processing renewable feedstocks into SAF should offer some feedstock flexibility, enabling refineries to produce clean fuels from a diverse range of inputs including vegetable oils, animal fat,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Low-Pressure Hydrogenolysis Catalysts for Bioproduct Upgrading

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A team of researchers partnered with Visolis to develop a hydrogenolysis catalyst that can operate at low-pressures (≤ 5 MPa) and demonstrate conversion of a fermentation-derived C6 intermediate to a high value chemical monomer. The rewards? Risk and cost

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What are the best pathways to generating and upgrading biochemical intermediates. For example, wet waste to mixed volatile fatty acids in arrested methanogenesis. Or, sugars to butyric acid, or 2,3 butanediol. Tasks include mitigation of scalability

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Turning Carbon Pollution into Ethanol

by Ula Chrobak (Stanford University Engineering) Stanford scientists designed a catalyst that turns carbon dioxide into ethanol, which could incentivize cleaning up emissions. -- ... In two recent papers, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society and Angewandte Chemie, a team of Stanford researchers

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New Tel Aviv University Research Enables Biofuel Production from Wet Organic Waste

(Jewish News Syndicate)  “The production of biofuels from organic waste components can significantly reduce the volume of municipal waste sent to landfills, decreasing pollution of soil, water and air,” the researchers conclude. -- An innovative development by a team of researchers at Tel

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NEXTCHEM (MAIRE) Awarded by Sarlux Licensing, Engineering Services, Proprietary Equipment and Catalyst Supply to Integrate its NX CPO™ Technology in a SAF Pilot Plant

(Group MAIRE) Following the completion of the engineering design study announced in December 2023, NextChem Tech will act as technology integrator for a Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) pilot plant to be implemented in Saras’ facility in Sarroch (Sardinia); NextChem Tech will provide

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NREL Research Dives Deeper Into the Mysteries of Energy Control in Electron-Bifurcating Enzymes

 by Justin Rickard (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  Understanding the Catalytic Mechanism of This Unusual Class of Enzymes May Be a Precursor to More Efficient Catalysis in the Production of Fuels and Chemicals -- In 2019, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) senior scientist Cara

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A New Catalyst Can “Recycle” Carbon Dioxide into Useful Chemicals

(University of Chicago) Research by Argonne, University of Chicago scientists aims to turn CO2 into resource -- Carbon dioxide is leaking from industrial operations into the atmosphere, causing a cascade of dangerous changes to Earth’s climate. But some scientists wondered if

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BASF Celebrates Capacity Increase for Sodium Methylate in South America with Customer Event

(BASF)  Production capacity increase to 90kt per year implemented in the second quarter 2024; Customer event celebrates long-standing relationships and collaboration  --  BASF’s Monomers division announced a production capacity increase for sodium methylate at its latest customer event in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo

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Fast, Simple and Ready: Unlocking Opportunities in Coprocessing SAF

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biobased Diesel Daily) Discover which units are the most suitable for coprocessing, what modifications are required and which feedstocks are best for SAF yield.  --  As the aviation industry seeks to reduce its carbon footprint,

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The Importance of Supply-Chain Resilience in Biodiesel Production

by Julio Canever (Evonik Catalysts/Biobased Diesel Daily) The total production capacity of biofuels is growing in the U.S. Biodiesel, blended into almost all diesel fuel sold within the country, has been a pillar for on-road decarbonization. Government incentives and requirements encourage

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Decision to Install Small-Scale Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Test Rig for further Development of CO₂ to SAF Synthesis Technologies

(IHI Corporation)  -The next stage of world-class synthesis technology development- - IHI Corporation together with the Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE²)(*1), a research institute under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, has been working on the

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Engineered Biocatalyst for Making 'Drop-in' Biofuels

by Pratibha Gopalakrishna (Indian Institute of Science/Phys.Org)  Researchers at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry (IPC), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), have developed an enzymatic platform that can efficiently transform naturally abundant and inexpensive fatty acids to valuable hydrocarbons called

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FOZ Do Iguacu Receives the First Synthetic Oil P{roduction Plant from Biogas in Brazil

(CI Biogas (Google Translation)) The International Center for Renewable Energy ( CIBiogás ) and the Brazil-Germany Cooperation for Sustainable Development, through the H2Brasil project, inaugurated, on June 17th, the first pilot plant in Brazil for the production of synthetic oil from biogas, focusing

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Biofuels Help Drive Economic Impact

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com) The Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM) has just released a new report on “The Economic Impact of the U.S. Industrial Bioeconomy” that spotlights economic activity tied to the transformation of renewable biomass into fertilizers, bioplastics, biofuels, bio-lubricants, and other industrial bioproducts. “Our

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Aether Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this presentation from ABLC 2024, Aether Fuels CEO COnor Madigan outlined a goal to develop the lowest cost, highest yield, and most feedstock flexible platform for sustainable hydrocarbons, incubated by Xora Innovation is an early-stage

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New Technique by NUS Scientists to Transform Waste Carbon Dioxide into High-Value Chemicals Achieves Cost Reduction of about 30%

(National University of Singapore) An energy-efficient, cost-effective way to convert the greenhouse gas into a wide range of chemical feedstocks -- Addressing the urgent challenge posed by escalating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their impact on climate change, researchers from the National

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Co-Processing SAF: Standards, Incentives and Regulation

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folić (Topsoe/Biomass Magazine) ... One method of SAF production, known as co-processing, has emerged as a viable solution in the here and now. But what are the regulations and standards that producers need to

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Just Released: 2023 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Highlighting Expert Feedback on BETO's Portfolio -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) released its 2023 Project Peer Review Report, a comprehensive summary of stakeholder and subject-matter expert feedback on BETO’s latest research, development, and

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What Fits the Process

(BDI Bioenergy/Biofuels International) ... When biodiesel producers shift to waste-based material as feedstock, the first choice is often used cooking oil (UCO). The main reason is that UCO’s feedstock parameters are close enough to that of vegetable oil. The result is

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AI is Accelerating Materials Science Discovery and Synthesis Exponentially

by Kent Goeking (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) One of the key barriers to the economic and technical success of many advanced energy technologies is the sub-optimum performance of critical inorganic materials used as catalysts, electrodes, dielectrics, and photovoltaics.  Oxide materials in particular,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable Aviation Fuel technologies from Chevron Lummus Group

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digeist) Built on the strength of Chevron and Lummus technology, CLG offers innovative hydroprocessing and bottom-of-the-barrel technologies for lower carbon fuels and premium base oils, and world-class renewable fuels & circular products for the energy transition powered

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CO2 Transformed to Methanol with Sunlight on Copper Atoms

(New Energy and Fuel)  University of Nottingham researchers have successfully transformed CO2 into methanol by shining sunlight on single atoms of copper deposited on a light-activated material, a discovery that paves the way for creating new green fuels. The international team of

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Co-processing Promises a Cost-Efficient SAF Pathway – but Not All Refineries Face Equal Costs

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biofuels Digest)  By introducing renewable feedstocks directly into existing diesel hydrotreaters, refineries can produce a combination of renewable and fossil diesel, reducing CO2 emissions originating from fossil-based feedstocks. But what are the main

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Infinium’s Project Pathfinder Is World’s First Fully Operational eFuels Facility

(Infinium) Ultra-low carbon electrofuels now in production in North America --  Electrofuels leader Infinium is now successfully operating the world’s first commercial scale facility making drop-in ready electrofuels (eFuels) in Corpus Christi, Texas. The project, known as Project Pathfinder, is a continuously

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Researcher Works to Lower Cost of Hydrogen Production

(Invent Penn State) Hydrogen gas, while a potentially greener alternative to fossil fuels, is currently expensive to produce. Penn State doctoral candidate in chemical engineering Arash Emdadi and his lab mates are working to improve the hydrogen production method to make

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Pathways to eFuels: CO2 Capture and Conversion to Liquid Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2, the final frontier. We have, famously, too much of it, and can do too little with us for too high a cost. Yet, researchers are teasing out exciting new applications, such as a pathway to

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Nanoscale Research Might Help Convert CO2 Waste into Usable Products

by Wade Hemsworth (Brighter World) Think of it as recycling on the nanoscale: a tantalizing electrochemical process harvests carbon before it becomes air pollution and restructures it into the components of everyday products. The drive to capture airborne carbon dioxide from industrial

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New Research Pathway Uses Renewable Electricity to Produce Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This technology was developed in the BETO-funded CO2RUe consortium mission and can be used to produce sustainable aviation fuel.  -- Identifying routes to efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to an intermediate chemical which can be further upgraded to

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BASF and Envision Energy Enter a Collaboration to Drive Sustainable Energy Solutions

(BASF)  Collaboration to accelerate conversion of green hydrogen and CO2 to e-methanol; BASF’s new SYNSPIRETM catalyst technology to be combined with Envision Energy’s process package; E-methanol holds significant potential as sustainable energy carrier replacing fossil fuels in various industries BASF process catalysts,

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BASF and Envision Energy Enter a Collaboration to Drive Sustainable Energy Solutions

(BASF and Envision Energy)  Collaboration to accelerate conversion of green hydrogen and CO2 to e-methanol; BASF’s new SYNSPIRETM catalyst technology to be combined with Envision Energy’s process package; E-methanol holds significant potential as sustainable energy carrier replacing fossil fuels in various industries BASF process catalysts, a leading

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China Achieves Mass Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(CGTN)  A Chinese company has developed a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) which will soon enter the commercial market, according to Science and Technology Daily. SAF is a new type of aviation fuel that blends bio-manufactured green jet fuel with traditional fuel. It

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Infinium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Infinium is a Commercial Scale decarbonization Platform for heavy transport, utilizing existing infrastructure for lower emissions today. Infinium’s production process uses renewable power, waste CO2 and water and, unlike most of today’s SAF and Renewable Diesel,

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A Research Project Paving the Way for Large-Scale Production of Green Hydrogen Energy Carriers in Chile

(Fraunhofer IEE) Together with its partners, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE is paving the way for the establishment of large-scale production of green hydrogen and its downstream products in Chile. The project’s research focuses on the

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HYCO1 Celebrates 9,000 Hours of Run-Time on Its Revolutionary, Patent-Pending CO2 Utilization Catalyst

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1 celebrates over 9,000 hours of run-time on its proprietary, patent-pending CO2 utilization catalyst at its Houston, Texas CUBE™ Technology Center (CUBE™ is Carbon Utilization at Best Efficiency). Operating for over a year inside of a commercial diameter reactor tube, the HYCO1

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CAER, Chemistry Researchers Awarded US Department of Energy Grant to Develop Biofuel Technology

by Dave Melanson (University of Kentucky)  Researchers at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) and the Department of Chemistry have received a $1 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to advance their innovative biofuels research. The project is titled “Robust Engineered Catalysts

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New Research Could Make Turning Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel Easier and Quicker

(De Montfort University Leicester)  Researchers at De Montfort University Leicester (DMU) have pioneered a new manufacturing process which could make the creation of biofuel from waste cooking oil faster and more efficient. Professor Katherine Huddersman, Dr Rawaz Ahmed, Saana Rashid, and Ketan

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Dimensional Energy Secures $20 Million Series A Funding

(Dimensional Energy/Business Wire) Global leader in carbon utilization technology will use funds to accelerate sustainable aviation fuel production and the decarbonization of our economy. -- Dimensional Energy, Inc., a global leader in cutting-edge carbon utilization technology, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production and

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ArcelorMittal S.A.: ArcelorMittal Announces the First Industrial Production of Ethanol

(ArcelorMittal/Globe Newswire)  ArcelorMittal announces the first industrial production of ethanol at its Steelanol plant, Europe’s first carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) project. This historic milestone was achieved on 7 November 2023, at ArcelorMittal Belgium’s Gent plant. The first industrial-scale production is

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Chinese Academy Realizes CO2 Reduction to Ethanol via Tandem Single Atom Electrocatalyst

(Chinese Academy of Sciences/Mirage News)  The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into carbon-based fuels provides a promising strategy to mitigate CO2 emission and promotes the utilization of renewable energy. The Cn (n≥2) liquid products are desirable because of their high energy densities and ease of

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SunGas Renewables Selected to Supply Green Methanol for New Hydrogen and E-Methanol Facility in Australia

(SunGas Renewables)  The $1.4 billion green hydrogen and methanol project at Bell Bay is expected to produce 300,000 tonnes of green methane per year -- SunGas Renewables today announced it has been selected by Australian green hydrogen and methanol project developer, ABEL Energy, to

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Petrobras Technology Enables Riograndense Refinery to Process 100% Renewable Feedstocks

(Petrobras) Test Unveils Pioneering Advancements in Biorefining on a Global Scale -- The Riograndense Petroleum Refinery (RPR) has accomplished a historic achievement by successfully processing 100% soybean oil in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Unit at the Refinery. This milestone was made

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How Green Ammonia Is Helping to Drive the Hydrogen Transition

(Nium/RE:TV) Hydrogen is the most abundant element on Earth and has been identified as an important clean fuel for the energy transition, emitting only water when burned instead of carbon dioxide. However, producing hydrogen can be carbon intensive, and storing and

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Comstock Fuels Completes All Validation Milestones

(Comstock/Globe Newswire)  Executes Exclusive License for Proven Refining Process --  Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced completion of all milestones required for the scale-up of its proprietary lignocellulosic biomass refining process, culminating in the execution by its wholly

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrocatalytic CO2 Utilization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Low-temperature CO2 electrolysis is a promising pathway to produce low carbon intensity fuels and chemicals, offering advantages in scalability, process efficiency, and intermittent operation. Significant risks must be overcome for CO2 electrolysis to help meet 2050 decarbonization goals A

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Visolis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A recent DOE project aims to support Visolis, a biotech start-up company, to develop hydrogenolysis catalyst that can operate at low-pressures (≤ 5 MPa) and demonstrate conversion of a fermentation-derived C6 intermediate to a high value

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SAF in Action: Carbon Negative Jet Fuel Made from Manure and More

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Wet waste—including food waste, manure, sewage, and inedible fats, oils, and greases—is a large source of methane emissions, a pollutant 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have created

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Upgrading of C1 Building Blocks

A new DOE project aims to develop the centerpiece technology for an integrated biorefinery concept based on the conversion of renewable and waste sources of C1 intermediates (e.g., syngas, CO2, methanol) to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with improved carbon

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Accelerating the Catalyst and Process Development Cycle for Bioenergy Applications

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ChemCatBio accelerates the development of catalytic technologies for converting biomass and waste resources into fuels and chemicals with a lower carbon footprint. From sustainable aviation fuel to bio-based marine fuel to renewable monomers for material manufacturing, the Chemical

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) High-value chemicals and materials have the clearest near-term path to market; accordingly, the program is encouraged to increase its focus on ancillary technologies for producing high-value chemicals alongside core technologies that focus on producing high-volume fuels.

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E-fuels: Axens, Paul Wurth (SMS group) and IFPEN Sign an Agreement for the Co-Development of the Reverse Water Gas Shift Technology

(Axens) Axens, SMS group subsidiary Paul Wurth and IFP Energies nouvelles signed a co-development agreement for the optimization of the Reverse Water Gas Shift technology (RWGS) and its integration into e-fuel projects. The RWGS technology is indeed an essential part of the

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Ethanol-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with HEA Internal Reforming Catalyst for Transportation Applications

(Green Car Congress) Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Connecticut have demonstrated high-performance metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFC) with an integrated high entropy alloy (HEA) internal reforming catalyst (IRC) for transportation applications using ethanol and methanol

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On Top of SAF: ... Topsoe Believes All Possible Pathways Are Needed—but for Most, Investment Costs Remain High.

by  Susanne Retka Schill (SAF Magazine) U.S. SAF goals are lofty. New tax credits provide real incentives. Multiple technologies are ready to roll. Opportunities lie ahead.  But the challenges are complex, Henrik Rasmussen, Topsoe’s managing director for the Americas, tells SAF Magazine.

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Start for the "Leuna100" Project: Use of the Green Fuel Saves Gigatons of CO2

(Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT) Green methanol for shipping and industry -- The Berlin-based climate tech start-up C1, together with its partners – the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES, the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Infinium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Infinium is a Commercial Scale decarbonization Platform for heavy transport, utilizing existing infrastructure for lower emissions today. Infinium’s production process uses renewable power, waste CO2 and water and, unlike most of today’s SAF and Renewable Diesel,

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Clariant's MegaMax® Catalyst Chosen by European Energy for World's Largest e-Methanol Plant

(Clariant) European Energy is building the world’s largest CO2-to-green methanol plant, with an annual capacity of 32,000 tons; End-customers include maritime giant Maersk, the Lego Group and Novo Nordisk; MegaMax catalyst optimally suited for green methanol production due to its high activity and

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Rid Us this Day our Daily Waste: New Path out of the Plastics Problem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The main reason is that the products made by existing processes are so low in value that, instead of making treasure from trash, we make trash from trash, and there’s no cash. The fact that

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PCC Hydrogen Secured Crucial Funding from USDA and KSTC

(PCC Hydrogen/Business Wire) PCC Hydrogen Inc. (PCCH2) is pleased to announce that the company has been awarded a highly competitive Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase I Award of $175,000 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of

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New Ethanol Fuel Cell Technology Rivals Fossil Fuels and Electric Car Batteries

by Beatriz Nina Ribeiro Oliveira (University of Central Florida) Ethanol fuel cells, in which alcohol can be poured directly in as fuel, offer cleaner emissions than fossil fuels and no charging times compared to electric vehicle batteries. University of Central Florida researchers

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Axens Will Provide Vegan Technology to Haike Chemicals for Its Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Project in China

(Axens) Shandong Haike Chemical Co. Ltd, a Chinese refining and petrochemical company, has selected Axens’ Vegan® technology to produce low carbon, cost competitive sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by retrofitting its existing assets. Vegan® technology is a second-generation hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) solution which

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UvA Chemists Recycle Shrimp Waste as Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation

(University of Amsterdam) Flexible spheres of the biomolecule chitosan, made from shrimp waste, can be used for catalysts that generate hydrogen gas from borohydride salts. In a paper in Green Chemistry, a research team at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) shows

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Anellotech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Founded in 2008, Anellotech is a sustainable technology company that has invented and is developing innovative technologies to produce cost effective, renewable chemical and to recycle mixed plastics. Over the past years Anellotech has raised over

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Taking a New Crack at the Cellulosic Code: Blue Biofuels Is Trying to Grow

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Blue Biofuels is trying to grow in multiple areas. From its home state of Florida, the aspirant advanced biofuel production company is trying to expand its know-how and commercial readiness with a novel mechano-chemical cellulosic

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ART, a Chevron, Grace Joint Venture, Launches Catalyst System to Produce Renewable Diesel, Sustainable Aviation Fuel from 100% Renewable Sources

(W.R. Grace & Co./Globe Newswire)   Advanced Refining Technologies LLC (ART), a joint venture of Chevron (NYSE: CVX) and specialty chemicals leader W. R. Grace & Co. (Grace), today launched ENDEAVOR™, a hydroprocessing catalyst solution to produce renewable diesel (RD) and

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HYCO1 and Kansas Ethanol Collaborate on World's Largest Biogenic CO2 Utilization Facility

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1, Inc.  announces that it has entered into a 20-year carbon dioxide supply agreement with Kansas Ethanol, located in Lyons, Kansas for the planned construction of the world's largest biogenic carbon dioxide utilization facility, Green Carbon Synthetics Kansas, LLC.  HYCO1 is

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CEFC Backs New Green Hydrogen Technology Turning Waste into Super Energy

(CEFC)  The CEFC is backing HydGene Renewables, a new Australian company that has developed an alternative green hydrogen solution that turns biomass into hydrogen in a process that is both renewable and carbon negative.   The HydGene technique uses novel biocatalysts to convert

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Production and Catalytic Upgrading of 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation Broth into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blendstock and Fuel Properties Measurement

by Martin Affandy, Cheng Zhu, Marie Swita, Beth Hofstad, Dylan Cronin, Richard Elander,  and Vanessa Lebarbier Dagle (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Fuel)  With the increasing demand for sustainable supplies of aviation fuel and need to address

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Improving Rigor and Reproducibility Can Accelerate Catalytic Research

by Cody Wrasman, Jacklyn Hall, and Josh Schaidle (ChemCatBio)  Achieving the Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy Consortium's (ChemCatBio's) mission of accelerating catalyst and process development relies on rigorously collected and reproducible catalytic data. However, the best practices for collecting, processing, and reporting catalytic

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After More than 15 Years, BDI’s RepCat Technology Comes of Age

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) The commissioning of three new plants in less than a handful of months marks a milestone for the decade-and-a-half-old “new” biodiesel technology. BDI-BioEnergy International, the Austrian biodiesel process-technology provider and plant builder whose pioneering achievements in

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Available Now! BETO 2023 Project Peer Review Presentations

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted the 2023 Project Peer Review on April 3-7, 2023, in Denver, CO.  During this in-person event, more than 280 projects in BETO’s research, development, and demonstration portfolios presented their progress

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Shell Catalysts & Technologies Announces Expansion of World-Scale Facility in Port Allen

(Office of John Bel Edwards, Governor of Louisiana)  Shell Catalysts & Technologies announced a final investment decision of $121.7 million to expand its West Baton Rouge Parish facility. Improvements to the flagship plant will increase production of high-performance catalysts used

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Disrupting Climate Change: 13 Tech Innovators Helping to Save the Planet

by Meghan Gunn, Kerri Anne Renaulli and Ned Potter (Newsweek) ...These disruptors are pushing the boundaries of technology in creative ways to find solutions to the climate crisis and other, often related, environmental challenges. And they are often doing so

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Aviation Climate Task Force Issues First Research Grant to Drive More Sustainable Aviation Fuel using Direct Air Capture Technology

(Aviation Climate Taskforce (ACT)/PR Newswire)   The Aviation Climate Taskforce announces today the funding of its first research grant to pioneer an innovative Direct Air Capture (DAC)-to-Jet approach—transforming conventional DAC to aviation-aligned reactive DAC by combining CO2 capture with CO2 conversion. The $400,000 grant to Susteon will be

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Preparing a Renewable Route to Rubber Material

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) ...  Butadiene, an essential component of synthetic rubber, is currently produced by the petrochemical industry from fossil reserves. But it could be efficiently made in a one-step reaction from renewable ethanol using a modernized

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SAF in the Big Sky State

by Susanne Retka Schill (SAF Magazine)  Calumet’s Montana Renewables has set sights on optimizing renewable jet output to be North America’s largest producer. -- As of late February, Montana Renewables LLC claims the distinction of being the largest sustainable aviation

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DOE Announces $14 Million to Optimize Production of Affordable Biofuels and Biochemicals DEADLINE April 21, 2023

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Department of Energy today announced $14 million in funding to support and optimize the production of affordable biofuels and biochemicals while significantly reducing carbon emissions. This funding will advance the Biden-Harris administration’s goals to address

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International Study Develops Ground-Breaking Method of Making Biodiesel from Dirty Old Cooking Oil

by Alan Williams (University of Plymouth) A scientist from the University of Plymouth has played a key role in new research which has developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food

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Novel Catalyst for Highly Selective Photoelectroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol

by Li Yuan (Chinese Academy of Sciences/Phys.Org) Artificial photosynthesis (AP), using sunlight to produce valuable chemicals and fuels from carbon dioxide (CO2), is a promising strategy to achieve solar energy storage as well as negative carbon cycle. However, artificial photosynthesis is quite complex and

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Off the Ground

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Several alcohol-to-jet projects, partnerships and technologies have been announced in the past 18 months. Ethanol Producer Magazine checks in on each, looking at where they stand and what they might ultimately achieve. ... Multiple airlines forged

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Aether Biomaterials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aether’s biosourced MCH is currently used today in both jet fuels and ICE fuels. MCH is the carrier compound for the Chiyoda SPERA hydrogen transport & storage system. MCH is a source of Toluene. The

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EU Funds New Project that Advances Environmental Benefits of LNG as Marine Fuel

(Wärtsilä/AltFuels)  Coordinated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, the Green Ray project has secured European Union funding to develop solutions minimizing methane slip from marine engines, advancing the environmental and climate benefits of LNG as a ship fuel. The initiative

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Machine Learning Model Speeds up Assessing Catalysts for Decarbonization Technology from Months to Milliseconds

by Joseph E. Harmon (Argonne National Laboratory) Scientists create computational model for identifying low-cost catalysts that convert biomass into fuels and useful chemicals with low carbon footprint. ... A major stumbling block at present is lack of effective, low-cost catalysts needed

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Feedstock Imperatives: What Biobased Diesel Producers Need to Know to Develop a Common-Sense Feedstock Specification.

by Christine Riedl (Biobased Diesel Daily/BDI-BioEnergy International) In the most relevant market newsletters, feedstocks like used cooking oil (UCO) or animal fats are specified by the free fatty acid (FFA) content, moisture, insoluble impurities and unsaponifiable matter (MIU), and sometimes

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Researchers Produce Green Hydrogen from Seawater

by Daniela Castim (World Bio Market Insights) Researchers from the University of Adelaide, Australia have successfully split seawater without any pre-treatment to produce green hydrogen. The international team was led by the University of Adelaide’s Professor Shizhang Qiao and Associate Professor Yao

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to SHV Energy and rDME technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) SHV Energy is a leading global distributor of off-grid energy, such as LPG, LNG, hydrogen, bioLPG and rDME. The company serves 30 million business and residential customers in 24 countries across 4 continents. The ambition

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UNM to Lead Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Project for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(University of New Mexico) A project from The University of New Mexico has been selected for funding under a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office interagency agreement with the Minority Serving Institution STEM Research & Development Consortium. Abhaya Datye, Distinguished Professor in the

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Researchers Capture Carbon More Effectively with New Catalyst Design

by Tyler Irving (Tech Explore/University of Toronto) A new catalyst design created by researchers at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering could significantly improve the practicality of an electrochemical process that converts captured carbon dioxide into

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Evonik Integrates Alcoholates Business into Catalysts Division

(Evonik/Biobased Diesel Daily) Evonik Corp. is pooling its expertise and integrating the alcoholates business into its catalysts business line. The existing extensive portfolio of heterogeneous catalysts is thus supplemented by homogeneous catalysts. As of January, the international network of production sites

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Maersk Backs C1 to Make Zero-Carbon Shipping a Reality Faster – and Cheaper.

(Circular Carbon Chemistry) Berlin-based start-up found a way to mass-produce green methanol at a competitive price / Partnership with the global pioneer in decarbonisation of shipping enables faster scale and technological cooperation. The Climate tech start-up C1 has raised growth capital

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RUDN University Chemists Improve Ethanol Conversion Using Activated Carbon Based Supports

(Russian Foundation for Basic Research/News Wise) RUDN University chemists have improved the catalyst for ethanol conversion. With it, a mixture of compounds with a high octane number was obtained. This was achieved thanks to a special substrate for the activated carbon

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Berkeley Lab scientists have developed a nature-inspired technique for converting carbon dioxide into solar fuels. Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have demonstrated

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New Notice of Intent for Improving Bioenergy Feedstocks and Optimizing Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) announced its intent to issue two funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) in early 2023.  These potential FOAs, “Reducing Agricultural Carbon Intensity and Protecting Algal Crops (RACIPAC)” and the “2023

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International Study Develops Ground-Breaking Method of Making Biodiesel from Dirty Old Cooking Oil

(University of Plymouth) A scientist from the University of Plymouth has played a key role in new research which has developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food scraps and

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$1 Million Awarded to Minority Serving Institutions for Bioenergy Research

(U.S. Department of Energy) Three projects have been selected for funding under a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) interagency agreement with the Minority Serving Institution STEM Research & Development Consortium (MSRDC). DOE has leveraged the interagency agreement to reduce barriers to entry for

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Science Daily/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Scientists have demonstrated a new technique, modeled after a metabolic process found in some bacteria, to convert carbon dioxide into solar fuels through artificial

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Danish University Research Receives Funding to Produce Hydrogen from Biogas

(Bioenergy Insight) Denmark's first plant to produce hydrogen by catalytic pyrolysis of biogas is due to be ready in three years. The technology can convert carbon - captured via photosynthesis - into solid form and simultaneously produce hydrogen very energy-efficiently Carbon

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to ChemCatBio

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ChemCatBio’s mission is to accelerate the catalyst and process development cycle for bioenergy applications – but how? What’s the potential impact of a billion-ton bioeconomy? What are the catalysis challenges in the conversion of biomass

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Making High-Efficiency Ethylene from CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers aim for high-efficiency electrochemical production of ethylene from CO2,. Specific in this project, they sought to design electrodes to direct the cascade reaction from CO2 to ethylene via carbon monoxide, and

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Consortium Formed for Developing New Process Technology to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(OMV Group) Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) in Germany announces funding of EUR 3.1 mn for Methanol-to-SAF (M2SAF) development project; BASF, Thyssenkrupp, OMV, DLR and ASG join M2SAF consortium  The strong growth of the aviation industry requires solutions to

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Clean Hydrogen Fuel Is Easier to Produce from Seawater with Stable Hierarchical Electrocatalysts

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) Seawater, which comprises more than 95% of the Earth's water, could become a key resource in the sustainable production of clean hydrogen fuel with use of water-splitting catalysts developed by a KAUST-led team. Water

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Polymers for Simultaneous CO2 Capture and Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This Project aims to advance the Technical Readiness Level through experimental and modeling to enhance the efficiencies while assessing the TEA/LCA of a dual functional catalytic porous polymer for simultaneous capture and conversion of CO2

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40-Million-Euro Sustainable Kerosene Research Project CARE-O-SENE Receives Funding

(CARE-O-SENE (Catalyst Research for Sustainable Kerosene)/Sasol/Business Wire) The international research project CARE-O-SENE (Catalyst Research for Sustainable Kerosene) was granted 30 million euros in funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Additionally, the industrial consortium partners contribute 10

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LanzaTech Produces Ethylene from CO2, Changing the Way We Make Products Today

(LanzaTech/Globe Newswire)  Breakthrough Discovery to Replace the Barrel with Synthetic Biology, Addressing One of the Largest Carbon Emitters in the Chemical Industry -- LanzaTech NZ, Inc. (“LanzaTech”), an innovative Carbon Capture and Transformation (“CCT”) company that transforms waste carbon into materials such

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New BASF CircleStar™ Catalyst Decreases CO2 Footprint in the Bio-Ethylene Value Chain for Products Ranging from Jet Fuel to Plastics

(BASF) CircleStar™ improves selectivity and reduces carbon emissions by more than 10 percent; Novel geometry leads to better mass transfer and longer catalyst lifetime; CircleStar™ contributes to transformation of chemical industry to climate neutrality BASF introduces CircleStar™, an innovative dehydration catalyst

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Honeywell to Make Lower-Carbon Aviation Fuel from Ethanol

by Stephanie Kelly (Reuters)  Tech firm Honeywell International Inc (HON.O) will roll out technology that could increase supplies of lower-carbon aviation fuel produced from ethanol, the company said Monday, as the Biden administration calls for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. Honeywell's technology can increase production

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PNNL Team Recognized with ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry

by Mary Ann Showalter (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) The American Chemical Society (ACS) has announced that development of a catalytic process and catalyst to create sustainable aviation fuel is receiving the 2023 ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry. The team named in the

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New Catalyst Offers a More Affordable Way to Produce Hydrogen from Seawater

by Jeannie Kever (University of Houston)   Researchers Discover a Single Catalyst Capable of Splitting Both Freshwater and Seawater at Low Voltage -- Hydrogen has drawn attention in recent years as a potential source of clean energy because it burns without producing

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Catalytic Process with Lignin Could Enable 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Biobased Diesel Daily) An underutilized natural resource could be just what the airline industry needs to curb carbon emissions. Researchers at three institutions—the U.S. DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Washington State University—report success

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalyst Deactivation Mitigation for Biomass Conversion

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As we observed once here in Digestville, biomass is where catalysts go to die. How can we change that? Providing fundamental insight and actionable recommendations for extending catalyst lifetime in biomass catalytic conversion by a collective and

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Advanced Catalyst Synthesis and Characterization

by Jim Lane (Biofuel Digest)  Accelerated catalyst and process development cycle enabling demonstrated performance enhancements in half the time. That’s the bold goal of a DOE project aimed at providing a fundamental insight leading to actionable recommendations for critical catalysis challenges by

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a versatile technology pathway for the direct liquefaction of biomass and waste carbon sources. In this slide deck from NREL’s Mike Griffin, we explore the Potential for high carbon yields to

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Direct Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Bulk Chemicals and Liquid Fuels

(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences) High-efficiency utilization of CO2 facilitates the reduction of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere and hence the alleviation of the greenhouse effect. The chemical utilization of CO2, which refers to converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and

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One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds

by Ayesha Hameed,Salman Raza Naqvi, Umair Sikandar and Wei-Hsin Chen (MDPI Special Issue Catalysts for Biofuel and Bioenergy Production) In recent years, the scope for replacing fossil fuels has been appealing to the world, owing to limited conventional fuels, crude

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Green Plains, Tallgrass and PNNL Awarded DOE Funding for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Technology

(Green Plains) Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE), Tallgrass, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) today announced they have been awarded funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to advance sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technology as part of the federal agency’s effort

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Easing Pain at the Pump with Food Waste: New Method for Making Biodiesel Fuel

by Jack Levy (Worcester Polytechnic Institute/ Phys.Org) ... To make the fuel, the researchers employed a process called hydrothermal liquefaction, which uses heat and water to break down the food waste into a liquid. It's a method that has been used

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Department of Energy Announces $29.5 Million for Improved Bioenergy Resource Recovery and Conversion Systems

( U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has awarded $29.5 million to 15 projects to improve the current science and infrastructure for utilizing waste streams, often disproportionately located in underserved communities, and support the development of improved organisms and

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2021 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted its virtual 2021 Project Peer Review on March 8‒12, 15‒16, and 22‒26, 2021. During the event, 271 projects in BETO’s research portfolio were presented, representing a total

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Scientists Create a New Catalyst for 'Green' Biodiesel

( The National University of Science and Technology MISIS/Tech Xplore) An effective industrial catalyst for the faster production of biofuels at low temperatures has been synthesized by an international scientific team with the participation of scientists from MISIS University. The

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Producing Biodiesel from Palm Kernel Shells

by Reginald Davey (AZO Materials)  A new paper appearing in the journal Environmental Research has explored the production of biodiesel from palm kernel shells, an agricultural waste stream. Scientists from Malaysia, Brunei, and Oman have contributed to the research. ... ... Palm

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Chung-Ang University Researchers Develop Novel Heterostructure Catalyst for Effective Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting

(Chung-Ang University) The new catalyst improves the efficiency of hydrogen production from water splitting without incurring high costs -- Hydrogen, a clean fuel, can be produced sustainably by electrocatalytic water splitting, a process where the water molecule is split into oxygen and

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UW-Madison Alternative Fuels Researcher Applies for Corn-to-Diesel Patent

by Jason Calvi (FOX 6 Milwaukee)  ... Inside University of Wisconsin-Madison labs, there is a possible breakthrough, something for which UW is seeking a patent. ... "It’s got to be a reality. It’s the only option we have. Because we know some day

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Overcoming the Toughest Catalyst Challenges in the Bioeconomy: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to LEC

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Terry Mazanec from Lee Enterprises Consulting takes us on a journey through the toughest catalyst challenges in the bioeconomy and, most importantly, how to overcome them. From feedstock consistency and availability to substrate intransigence and

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ExxonMobil Methanol to Jet Technology to Provide New Route for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(ExxonMobil/Business Wire) ExxonMobil today announced a unique process technology to enable the manufacture of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from renewable methanol. ExxonMobil is focused on growing its lower-emission fuels business by leveraging technology and infrastructure. ExxonMobil is engineering proprietary methanol to

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Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-Derived Resources into Biodiesel

(Biofuels International)  The emergence of biodiesel as an alternative fuel substitute for traditional petroleum-based fuels has changed the way the country produces energy. Biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources and therefore has led to much attention and research

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New Artificial Enzyme Breaks Down Tough, Woody Lignin

(Science Daily/DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Study shows promise for developing a new renewable energy source -- An innovative artificial enzyme has shown it can chew through woody lignin, an abundant carbon-based substance that stores tremendous potential for renewable energy and

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International Consortium to Advance Decarbonization of Aviation Sector

(Sasol/Biobased Diesel Daily) Sasol and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin will lead a consortium to develop and optimize next-generation catalysts that will play a key role in decarbonizing the aviation sector through sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). At a ceremony at Sasol’s global headquarters in Johannesburg

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Illinois Tech Researchers Awarded Grant to Scale Up Innovative Carbon Capture and Conversion Process at the Source

(Illinois Institute of Technology)  A team of Illinois Institute of Technology researchers received a grant from ARPA-E to scale up an innovative process of carbon capture and conversion directly from exhaust gas sources such as power plants and industrial sites

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Start-up C1: With Quantum Chemistry and Prominent Investors to Green Methanol

(C1) ... The first chemical process that C1 has developed using its technology platform is a much more efficient and sustainable process for producing methanol. The alcohol has been an important basic material in the chemical industry since the beginning of

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Catalyst Design to Direct High-Octane Gasoline Fuel Properties for Improved Engine Efficiency

Connor P.Nash, Daniel P.Dupuis, AnuragKumar, Carrie A.Farberow, Anh T.To, CeYang, Evan C.Wegener, Jeffrey T.Miller, Kinga A.Unocic, EarlChristensen, Jesse E.Hensley, Joshua A.Schaidle, Susan E.Habas, Daniel A.Ruddy (Applied Catalysis B: Environmental) Paraffin-to-olefin ratio (P/O) affects the principal gasoline fuel properties. Cu-Zn/BEA catalyst yielded

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ChemCatBio Director Presents at ABLC 2022

(U.S. Department of Energy) Director Josh Schaidle gave a presentation on ChemCatBio during the “Catalyst and Catalytic Upgrading” panel of the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference (ABLC) 2022 summit, which was held March 16–18 in Washington, D.C. View Director Schaidle’s presentation

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A More Efficient Path to Green Production of Bio-Derived Chemicals and Fuels

(Lehigh University)  Researchers discover an enhanced reaction rate when gold and palladium nanoparticles are placed on a conductive support. -- A bimetallic catalysis technique using gold and palladium nanoparticles on a conductive support has been pioneered by researchers from Lehigh

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The Race to Upcycle CO2 into Fuels, Concrete and More

by Mark Peplow (Nature) Companies are scrambling to turn the greenhouse gas into useful products — but will that slow climate change? -- Tongyezhen is a town with coal in its bones. ... But later this year, a chemical plant

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New Perspective Highlights Promise of Hybrid Approach for Cellulosic Biofuel Production

by S. Heather Duncan (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)  Scientists with the Center for Bioenergy Innovation at ORNL highlighted a hybrid approach that uses microbes and catalysis to convert cellulosic biomass into fuels suitable for aviation and other difficult-to-electrify sectors. -- The

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Artificial Photosynthesis: The Ultimate Renewable Tech

(Bio Market Insights) Around 3.5 billion years ago, plants became able to turn sunlight and carbon dioxide into energy. Researchers in the field of artificial photosynthesis are figuring out how humans could do the same. Plant photosynthesis consists of three steps. First,

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A New, Sustainable Way to Make Hydrogen for Fuel Cells and Fertilizers

(RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science) A new sustainable and practical method for producing hydrogen from water has been discovered by a team of researchers at the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan led by Ryuhei Nakamura. Unlike

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New, Nature-Inspired Concepts for Turning CO2 into Clean Fuels

(University of Cambridge) Researchers have developed an efficient concept to turn carbon dioxide into clean, sustainable fuels, without any unwanted by-products or waste.  --  Instead of capturing and storing CO2, which is incredibly energy-intensive, we have demonstrated a new concept

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New Bioprocesses for Lignin Valorization: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL’s Biological Lignin Work

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  NREL is focusing on commodity productswith sufficient market sizes to aid biofuels production (e.g., adipic acid), working with Lignin Util. & SepConfor lignin substrates, and developing innovative biocatalysts and bioprocesses for lignin valorization. Get all

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Novel Funding Model Provides Researchers Support to Produce SAF from Timber Byproduct

by David Melanson (UK CAER/Biobased Diesel Daily) ... Biofuels researchers at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research recently received funding from OUR&D, a unique grassroots not-for-profit organization based in Denver, Colorado, that is seeking to supplement the current

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Greener Biofuel Production Beckons

(Chemical Processing) Novel electrocatalyst-based system operates at mild conditions and produces hydrogen -- A research team at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Wash., has developed a patent-pending system that uses a flow cell bioreactor to turn carbon previously

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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