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Portugal's Galp Plans to Start Producing Biofuels in 2026

by Sergio Goncalves (Reuters) Portugal's Galp Energia (GALP.LS),  expects to start producing biodiesel and biojet fuel from waste in an industrial-scale unit it is building at its Sines refinery in 2026, the company, which is primarily an oil producer and refiner, said

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Commission Approves €3 billion German-Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support the Production of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €3 billion German-Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs), including renewable hydrogen, throughout the world. These RFNBOs will be imported and sold

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Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid to Support Concrete Chemicals in Production of Synthetic Aviation Fuels

(European Commission)  The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German measure to support Concrete Chemicals GmbH in the production of synthetic aviation fuels. The measure will contribute to the achievement of the European Green Deal and the ReFuelEU

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Prime Capital Acquires RES Hydrogen Project in Sweden, Develops Plans for eSAF Production

(RES/Biobased Diesel Daily)  RES, the world’s largest independent company in renewable energy, announced Dec. 3 that it has signed a sales agreement with the independent asset manager and financial-service provider Prime Capital AG for the Alby hydrogen plant project in Ånge,

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Scotland Unveils Its First Hydrogen Export Plan

(edie) The Scottish Government has published the nation’s first hydrogen export plan, setting out plans to develop regional hydrogen ‘hubs’ which co-locate production, storage and transportation infrastructure. Scotland will strive to be a “key producer and exporter of renewable hydrogen by 2030”,

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Bp and Iberdrola Inject 900,000 Euros into Their Joint Venture that Promotes the Green Hydrogen Plant

by Lorena Ortega (Castellón Plaza)  Castellón Green Hydrogen now has 1.2 million -- Bp  and Iberdrola  have just injected 900,000 euros into  Castellón Green Hydrogen SL , the joint venture created for the development of the first green hydrogen project undertaken by both companies. Both companies signed

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RP Global and GIZ Join Forces in BMWK’s H2Uppp Programme to Develop a Pipeline of Green Hydrogen Projects in the South of Argentina

(RP Global)   The partnership was launched at the end of November 2024, at the Argentine-German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (AHK Argentina) headquarters in Buenos Aires. Officials from the national government and the province of Santa Cruz, representatives from both

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Liquid Sun Raises Nearly €4 Million in Seed Funding from Voima Ventures, Failup, and Business Finland to Build an eSAF Demonstration Unit.

(Liquid Sun) The market for sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF) is predicted to grow from €2 billion in 2030 to over €60 billion by 2050. Finnish company Liquid Sun aims to be at the forefront of this exploding market growth. Finnish technology company

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Poland's Hynfra Plans to Establish Green Hydrogen Plant in Egypt

by Noha El Tawil (Egypt Today) Poland's Hynfra plans to establish in Egypt one of five green ammonia plants that will target Middle Eastern and European markets, and whose capacity will be 100,000 tons per annum in the first phase that will

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Hydrogen: TotalEnergies Accelerates Decarbonization of its Platform at La Mède

(TotalEnergies) In line with its 2030 ambition to decarbonize the hydrogen used in its European refineries, TotalEnergies has joined forces with Air Liquide to produce renewable hydrogen at La Mède in southeast France. This new project complements the Masshylia project to produce green hydrogen by

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From a Cold Start to a US$180 Billion Market by 2035 – Green Hydrogen is Set to Displace, Outpace, and Outgrow Polluting Alternatives

(ABI Research/North American Clean Energy)  Green Hydrogen (H2) is the cleanest form of hydrogen production. It’s produced by renewable energy with zero CO2 emissions. Though only 0.2% of hydrogen is produced today, green H2 will account for 27% of total hydrogen

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Ulsan City and Hyundai Motor Join Forces to Build a Hydrogen-friendly City

by Jung Min-hee  (Business Korea)  Aim to Establish an Integrated Hydrogen Supply Chain -- In a significant move towards establishing a hydrogen economy, Ulsan City and Hyundai Motor have announced a collaborative effort to create the largest hydrogen-friendly city in Korea. On Nov. 12,

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Green CHP™ Unveils Jules Hydrogen™, An End-to-End Solution for the Optimization and Decarbonization of Hydrogen Production

(Green CHP/PR Newswire) Global Power Conversion Leader Dynapower™ Selected to Provide Advanced DC Power and Storage -- Green CHP, a renewable energy and data company that combines advanced combined heat and power systems with real-time data services, announced the launch of Jules

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Fuella Reveals Second Green Ammonia Project in Brazil

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy) Norwegian green hydrogen and ammonia company Fuella has signed an agreement with the Port of Pecém to develop a large-scale green ammonia project in Pecém, in the State of Ceará, in Brazil. -- Under the agreement signed

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From Photosynthesis to CO2 Electrolysis: How Carbon Regeneration Can Make a Brighter Future

bty Todd Brix (OCOchem/Carbon Capture Magazine)  ... CO2 isn’t just a molecule, a by-product, or a greenhouse gas; it’s the essential molecule vehicle for moving carbon around in its depleted state. It’s part of a regenerative cycle, a fundamental aspect

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UK Poised to Award First Green Hydrogen Subsidies following Labour Budget

by James Burgess (S&P Global) Green hydrogen projects awarded GBP2.3 billion; 11 projects totaling 125 MW get 15-year revenue support; Will provide hydrogen to 35 offtakers, displacing fossil fuels --  The UK is preparing to award GBP2.3 billion ($3 billion) in revenue support

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RWE’s Green Hydrogen Ambitions for Eemshaven Region Strengthened by Plans for 100MW Electrolyser

(RWE)  100MW electrolyser development project secured environmental and building permits; RWE's hydrogen ambition supports Eemshaven region as sustainable energy hub; Electrolyser is part of the OranjeWind system integration solutions RWE has taken an important step in developing 100MW of green hydrogen production at Eemshaven,

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Rely Awarded a Contract by AM Green to Engineer and Deliver India’s Largest* Green Ammonia Complex in Kakinada, India

(Rely) Rely has been awarded an EPsCm contract by AM Green India Pvt Ltd. for its 2 x 1500 tons per day (TPD) Green Ammonia Complex at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. The project, which reached FID in August 2024, includes 2

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European Energy’s First Green Hydrogen Plant Is Up and Running

by Ajsa Habibic  (Offshore Energy) Danish renewables developer European Energy has officially opened its first green hydrogen facility in Måde, near Esbjerg, marking its first venture into large-scale hydrogen production using renewable energy. --  Following the completion of the construction in

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Topsoe SAF technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This is a presentation given by Milica Folić of Topsoe at the ABLC Next conference in 2024, focusing on the company’s perspective on the development of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by 2025. The presentation highlights Topsoe’s

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Neste to Re-evaluate Its Renewable Hydrogen Plan and Withdraw from Investing into a 120 MW Electrolyzer at the Porvoo Refinery

(Neste)  Neste has decided to withdraw from investing into a 120 MW electrolyzer project to produce renewable hydrogen at its Porvoo refinery in Finland. The decision follows the completion of the basic engineering phase, which commenced in May 2023.  The reasons behind

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Dispelling Myths around Hydrogen

(OPIS)  Hydrogen today is currently almost entirely used in either refining or industry. It is mostly produced from natural gas or methanol, with less than 1% of hydrogen production coming from low emissions technologies. However, in the last decade, numerous additional

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Petrobras to Build Its First Plant to Produce Renewable Hydrogen

(Petrobras)  Unit, with an investment of R$90 million, is expected to start operating in 2026 -- Petrobras will build its first pilot plant for generating renewable hydrogen at the Vale do Açu Thermoelectric Plant, in Alto do Rodrigues, Rio Grande do Norte.

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Fortum and Norsk e-Fuel to Collab­orate in Rauma, Finland

(Fortum) Norwegian e-fuel company Norsk e-Fuel and Fortum have agreed to reserve a 14-hectare area for a sustainable synthetic aviation fuel (eSAF) plant at the Port of Rauma in Finland. This is Norsk e-Fuel's first project outside Norway and is part

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to PEM CO2 Electrolyzer Scale-up

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Twelve is developing and scaling a platform for a reactor that electrochemically transforms biogenic CO2. The company’s core innovation is a membrane electrode assembly that enables CO2 electrolysis. In this project, the company aims towards mass

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On the Way to an Emission-Free Future: OSV Coastal Liberty Operates on Green Hydrogen in the German Wadden Sea

(Fuel Cells Works/eCap Marine) First months of running eCap Marine’s containerised hydrogen-electric energy system successful --  In a significant step towards sustainability and emission-free energy sources on board, Offshore Supply Vessel Coastal Liberty has set sail on the waters of the Wadden

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrolyzers for CO2 Conversion from BioSources

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Researchers have initiated a project to develop electrolyzers that can convert CO2 from biorefineries to produce useful products, and save the cost of air capture. Yet, research still has not been done on testing with CO2

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King of the Netherlands Inaugurates Electrolyser for Green Hydrogen Funded by LIFE

(European Commission) The LIFE project NEW HYTS aims to revolutionise heavy transport through the deployment of hydrogen-powered vehicles. -- His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands officially inaugurated a new electrolyser for green hydrogen production near Utrecht on 4 October. Developed by

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Plug and Allied Green Execute Binding Framework Agreement for 3 GW Electrolyzer Capacity

(Plug Power) This follows recent completion of MOU and BEDP contracts; Both parties are collaborating to finalize purchase agreement in coming months -- Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in comprehensive hydrogen solutions for the green hydrogen economy, has signed

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrochemical Production of Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 electrolysis can utilize waste CO2 from bioreactors to produce market competitive formic acid at commercial scales. Conventional design has energy and cost intensive downstream separations. A solid electrolyte design has tunable formic acid concentration with

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Production of Bioproducts from Electrochemically-Generated C1 Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 Electrolysis + Gas Fermentation: a CO2 to Chemicals Platform, that’s the goal of this Argonne National Lab, LanzaTech and Dioxide Materials, project. It aims for room Temperature CO2 electrolysis (Anion Exchange Membrane based technology), and

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Tunisia Unveils Ambitious Strategy To Become A Global Leader In Green Hydrogen Production

by Pooja Chandak (Solar Quarter) Tunisia has unveiled an ambitious national strategy aimed at transforming the country into a global leader in green hydrogen production. The North African nation, blessed with abundant solar and wind resources, is poised to leverage these

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Yara Drives Hydrogen Economy with New Ammonia Import Terminal

(Yara) Today, Yara International officially opened its new ammonia import terminal in Brunsbüttel, Germany. Brunsbüttel is located on the North Sea and Kiel Canal, making it an ideal hub for enabling the hydrogen economy in Germany. With the new terminal, Yara

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Avina’s Southern California Clean Hydrogen Project Hits Major Milestone

(Avina)  Company receives necessary permits to begin construction of North America’s landmark on-site electrolytic hydrogen production and dispensing facility.  --  Avina Clean Hydrogen is thrilled to announce that it has received the industrial new construction permit to proceed with the construction of

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DOE Announces $15 Million to Develop Innovative Systems for Clean Hydrogen Production DEADLINE November 22, 2024

(U.S. Department of Energy) Funding Will Support Technologies That Convert Biomass and Other Waste Materials Into an Affordable, Low-Carbon Fuel --  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) today announced up to $15 million in

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Avalon Energy Group Announces its First Integrated Agriculture-Sustainable Aviation Fuel Project (SAF) in Latin America with Endorsement from the Uruguayan Government

(Avalon Energy Group)  Uruguayan Government Endorses the Launch of Avalon Energy Group’s Fully Integrated Agriculture-Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Project in Latin America --  Avalon BioEnergy Uruguay S.A., a subsidiary of the U.S.-based Avalon Energy Group LLC, is proud to announce the launch

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Dispelling Myths around Hydrogen

(OPIS)  Hydrogen today is currently almost entirely used in either refining or industry. It is mostly produced from natural gas or methanol, with less than 1% of hydrogen production coming from low emissions technologies. However, in the last decade, numerous additional

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Biomethanation to Upgrade Biogas to Pipeline Grade Methane

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Renewable natural gas (RNG) is typically produced from biogas using gas separation technology – keeping the CH4 – venting the CO2. Upgrading CO2 present in biogas using naturally-occurring organisms can  increase production 60 – 70%. In

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Deutsche ReGas Completes FEED for Lubmin Hydrogen Hub

(Riviera News) German LNG terminal operator Deutsche ReGas has completed the front-end engineering and design phase for its planned hydrogen hub in Lubmin -- This project, known as H2-Hub Lubmin, started in September 2023. Deutsche ReGas has signed an agreement in principle

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Plug Signs Technical Evaluation Phase Contract for 25 MW of PEM Electrolyzers with Dourogás and CapWatt for 80,000 Ton Per Year Methanol Project

(Plug Power) Plug will collaborate to provide support during the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) phase -- Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in comprehensive hydrogen solutions for the green hydrogen economy, has secured a contract with H2DRIVEN, a project

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Ohmium to Collaborate with Ten08 Energy for 500MW Clean Ammonia Project

(Ohmium)  Ohmium PEM Electrolyzers will generate Green Hydrogen for Ten08 Energy's pioneering 500MW Clean Ammonia Project in Texas.—Ohmium International (“Ohmium”), a leading green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures and deploys advanced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)electrolyzers, has announced a strategic partnership with Ten08

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Envision Energy to Build US$1 Billion Green Hydrogen Industrial Park in Spain

by Yujie Xue (South China Morning Post)  Project partners will include the Spanish government and local industrial and financial bodies, the Shanghai-based firm said. -- Chinese renewable energy developer Envision Energy is planning to build a US$1 billion green hydrogen industrial park

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MAN Energy Solutions and H-TEC SYSTEMS in Cooperation with Helen Oy to Execute Helsinki Hydrogen Plant

(Helen Oy) With its first hydrogen project of three PEM electrolysers Helen Oy will increase its expertise to meet the needs of large-scale hydrogen production. -- Helen Oy, one of Finland's largest energy companies, is joining forces with MAN Energy Solutions and

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The City of St. Cloud buys Nel Electrolyser for Wastewater Treatment Facility

(Nel Hydrogen)  Nel has received a purchase order for an MC250 containerized PEM electrolyser to produce renewable hydrogen at an innovative wastewater treatment facility in St. Cloud, Minnesota, US.  “In the future, the whole community of St. Cloud will use renewable hydrogen

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Asahi Kasei Enters Collaboration with De Nora for Development and Sale of Small-Scale Containerized Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production

(Asahi Kasei)  The Japanese technology company Asahi Kasei has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with De Nora, an Italian multinational company, leader in sustainable technologies, and a manufacturer of electrolyzer cells, small scale electrolyzers, and other components for the production

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EU to Tighten Hydrogen Subsidy Rules after China Concerns

by Kate Abnett (Reuters)  The European Commission is working on tighter rules to ensure EU funding for hydrogen projects benefits European companies, after local industries raised concerns over cheap Chinese imports, the EU's head of climate change policy said on Monday. The

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They Might Be Giants, the Story of Syngas Fermentation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  They called it “the technology that dare not speak its name” because it was too crazy risky, when they did not call it “the technology that could not scale” between the guffaws in many board

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The Status of US Hydrogen Hubs

by Bob Starkey (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest)  In October 2023 the Biden Administration announced a USD $7B investment in clean hydrogen production. This historic program, known as the Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs), selected 7 locations across the U.S. to develop clean

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Carbon Rebrand: The Carbon Transformation Technology Developed by California-based Twelve Splits Apart Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

by Lisa Gibson (SAF Magazine) The Carbon Transformation Technology developed by California-based Twelve splits apart carbon dioxide (CO2) at low temperatures using electrochemistry, creating foundational elements for fuels, chemicals and plastics. Twelve, founded in 2016, has partnered for demonstration projects to produce

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Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Launches Synthetic Diesel, Sustainable Aviation Fuel Projects

(Canadian Nuclear Laboratories/Canadian Biomass)  Chalk River, ON-based Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, a Canadian nuclear science and technology laboratory, will set its sights on producing ready-to-deploy, low carbon intensity synthetic diesel, and sustainable aviation fuel. Nuclear Laboratories has won $4.9 million in federal funding

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DRIFT Plans First Green Hydrogen Producing Vessel with Close of Seed Round

(DRIFT Energy)   DRIFT Energy aims to drive the clean energy transition worldwide with high-performance sailing vessels that harness deep ocean wind to produce green hydrogen at sea. The company has secured £4.65 million in seed capital, led by Octopus Ventures with

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Next Hydrogen to Supply Latest Generation Electrolysis Technology for Renewable Energy Ammonia Production Research

(Next Hydrogen) Next Hydrogen Solutions Inc. (the “Company” or “Next Hydrogen“) (TSXV:NXH, OTC:NXHSF), a designer and manufacturer of electrolyzers, is pleased to announce that it has been awarded a contract by the University of Minnesota (UMN) for its latest generation electrolysis technology

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Wales & West to Test Hydrogen Production from Wastewater

(edie/Utility Week)  Wales & West Utilities (WWU) has launched the next stage of a project to use wastewater to produce low-carbon hydrogen. -- The gas network is partnering with Cardiff University and manufacturer Hydrostar with the aim of having a prototype electrolyser

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Saudi Arabia’s NEOM Green Hydrogen Plant Launches Mass Recruitment Drive

by Jennifer Bell (Al Arabiya English)  NEOM Green Hydrogen Company (NGHC) has initiated a major recruitment campaign for its world-leading green hydrogen plant in Saudi Arabia’s futuristic city NEOM, as the project moves closer to its operational phase. The $8.4 billion facility, set

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Hydrogen: The Multifunction Tool of Net-Zero Energy Systems

Derek Wissmiller (Catalyst by GTI Energy/Medium)  Hydrogen has the intrinsic qualities of a fuel. It’s storable and transportable. It can generate high-temperature heat or serve as a chemical feedstock. But hydrogen is no ordinary fuel. It is distinct in that it does not contain

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Norwegian Company Reserves Spot at New Hydrogen Hub at Porto do Açu

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy)  Porto do Açu, a subsidiary of economic group Prumo Logística, and Norwegian developer of green hydrogen and ammonia plants Fuella have signed the first area reservation contract for the newly licensed low-carbon hydrogen hub at the

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DENSO and JERA to Jointly Develop High-Efficiency Hydrogen Generation Technology that Combines SOEC with Waste Heat Utilization and to Conduct Joint Demonstration Testing at a JERA Thermal Power Station

(DENSO/JCN Newswire)  DENSO Corporation (“DENSO”), and JERA Co., Inc. (“JERA”) announce that they will jointly develop high-efficiency hydrogen generation technology that combines SOEC(1) with waste heat utilization and conduct joint demonstration testing at a JERA thermal power station. DENSO for years has

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A Fifth of U.S. Green Hydrogen Projects Eyed for Water-Stressed Areas

by Alec Luhn (Floodlight)  As the federal government pours billions into hydrogen production to lower greenhouse gas emissions, critics worry water shortages in the Southwest could worsen -- Armed with bright green shovels, executives from the Australian mining giant Fortescue broke ground in May on

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Masdar and TotalEnergies to Develop a Commercial Green Hydrogen to Methanol to SAF project in Abu Dhabi

(Masdar) Focus of project is to decarbonize hard to abate, emission intensive sectors such as aviation and maritime industries; Agreement follows successful test flight by Masdar and TotalEnergies demonstrating potential for converting methanol to SAF; Project will capture and utilize CO2 from an

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Commission Approves €998 Million Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €998 million Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen. The measure aims to contribute to the development of renewable hydrogen in line with the objectives of

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BP to Construct 5 to 10 Green Hydrogen Projects this Decade, CEO Days

by Ron Bousso (Reuters)  BP (BP.L) aims to construct five to 10 low-carbon hydrogen projects this decade in order to produce clean fuels and reduce greenhouse emissions, CEO Murray Auchincloss said on Tuesday. The so-called green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable power, will

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Offshore Wind Turbines Offer Path for Clean Hydrogen Production

by Wayne Hicks (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  NREL Researchers Identify Promising Locations off US Coastlines for Installation of Technology -- Using electricity generated by offshore wind turbines as one pathway to split water to produce clean hydrogen may make economic sense, particularly

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1968: Are We Back There Again? Can the Bioeconomy Help?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... A bigger and more worthy task, equal in impact to the Apollo moon shot, is to de-risk industrial biotechnology investments and de-carbonize agriculture. Those are not drops in the ocean, they are each of them,

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MXene Breakthrough to Transform Green Hydrogen Production

(Innovation News Network)  Scientists at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) have developed a revolutionary MXene that may advance green hydrogen production. The team has developed the oxidatively stable molybdenum-based MXene as an electrocatalyst support for anion exchange membrane water electrolysers. Due to its stability under

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Spain to Launch New $2.5 bln Plan to Support Green Hydrogen, Renewable Industry

by Emma Pinedo and Pietro Lombardi (Reuters) Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez on Wednesday (July 17, 2024) announced a new plan worth 2.3 billion euros ($2.5 billion) to boost the country's transition to clean energy, including subsidies for green energy industries and hydrogen

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EU's Green Hydrogen Goals Not Realistic, Auditors Say

by Kate Abnett (Reuters) The European Union's goals to produce and import green hydrogen fuel are unrealistic and unlikely to be met despite billions of euros in funding, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) said on Wednesday. The European Commission has

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Study Finds Health Risks in Switching Ships from Diesel to Ammonia Fuel

by Adam Zewe (MIT News)  Ammonia could be a nearly carbon-free maritime fuel, but without new emissions regulations, its impact on air quality could significantly impact human health.  --  One potential solution is switching the global fleet from fossil fuels to sustainable

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CF Industries and POET to Demonstrate the Use of Low-Carbon Fertilizer in Corn Production to Reduce Carbon Intensity of Ethanol

(CF Industries/Business Wire) CF Industries Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: CF), a leading global manufacturer of hydrogen and nitrogen products and the world’s largest producer of ammonia, and POET LLC, the world’s largest producer of biofuel and a global leader in sustainable bioproducts,

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UK’s First Offshore Hydrogen Production Trials Kick off in South Wales

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy) After six years of development, sustainability consultancy ERM has launched offshore trials to test its Dolphyn Hydrogen process which combines electrolysis, desalination, and hydrogen production on a floating wind platform, marking the first time hydrogen has

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Yara Clean Ammonia, Scatec, ECHEM and MOPCO Sign Heads of Terms for Renewable Ammonia Offtake Agreement in Egypt

(Yara)  Scatec ASA, a leading renewable energy solutions provider, and its partners, ECHEM and MOPCO, have agreed on Heads of Terms for renewable ammonia offtake from Egypt with Yara Clean Ammonia, the world's largest trader- and distributor of ammonia. Ammonia tanker Yara

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Voltalia and TAQA Arabia Sign Framework Agreement for Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen Cluster in Egypt

by Kanika Singh (Solar Quarter) Voltalia, a global leader in renewable energies, and its partner TAQA Arabia have signed a framework agreement during the Egypt-EU Investment Conference 2024, held on June 29-30 in Cairo. The conference was held under the auspices

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Sweco Supports VoltH2 in Design and Development of New Green Hydrogen Plant in the Netherlands

(Sweco) The European energy company VoltH2 has selected Sweco as its partner for the design and development of a new hydrogen plant in Delfzijl in the Netherlands. The production facility has received the necessary permits and is currently in the

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FRV Announces $5 Billion Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production Project in Ceará’s Pecém Port

by Kavitha (Solar Quarter) In a meeting with Governor Elmano de Freitas, executives from FRV, part of the Jameel Energy group, announced their ambitious green hydrogen (H2V) production project in the Pecém Industrial and Port Complex (CIPP). Named H2 Cumbuco, the

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Utility Global

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Claus Nussgruber, the CEO of Utility Global, made his ABLC debut with this look at the hydrogen landscape and in particular the eXEROtechnology platform, with the promise of electrolysis without costly and hard to secure electricity.

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Texas Water Fight Shows Pushback on ‘Clean’ Hydrogen

by Christian Robles (E&E News Energywire) A Texas hydrogen project is facing criticism over whether it will have adequate water supplies, illustrating how local disputes on everything from pipelines to air pollution threaten the industry’s build-out. Near Corpus Christi, environmentalists and some

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White Summit to Invest 250 Million Euros in Spanish Green Methanol Plant

by Pietro Lombardi (Reuters)  Infrastructure investment firm White Summit Capital will invest 250 million euros ($267 million) in a green hydrogen and methanol plant in Spain, a person familiar with the matter told Reuters. The investment aims to tap into demand from

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Yara Opens Renewable Hydrogen Plant: “A Major Milestone”

(Yara)  Today (June 10, 2024), Yara International is officially opening its renewable hydrogen plant at Herøya, Norway. Yara is now producing renewable hydrogen and ammonia and has already delivered the first tonnes of fertilizers made from renewable ammonia produced at

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Power-to-X: A New Pathway for SAF

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo* (Advanced Biofuels USA) In the third Webinar, the theme was one of the most promising alternatives for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, not only for civil aviation but in different areas: Power-to-X (PT-X) technology. Before the

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HPCL Commissions India’s First Highly Efficient ‘Solid Oxide Electrolyser’ for Green H2 Generation

(Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. has successfully commissioned India’s first Solid Oxide based Electrolyser (SOE) at its HP Green R&D Centre, Bengaluru for Green Hydrogen (GH2) generation. This highly efficient pilot-scale electrolyzer can generate Green Hydrogen with 99.99%

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PyroGenesis Signs Contracts Totaling $2.5 Million to Deliver Greenhouse Gas-Reducing System for Major North American Biofuel Project

(PyroGenesis/Globe Newswire) System to be Part of the $1 Billion Varennes Carbon Recycling Plant  --  PyroGenesis Canada Inc. (http://pyrogenesis.com) (TSX:PYR) (OTCQX:PYRGF) (FRA:8PY), a high-tech company (the “Company” or “PyroGenesis”) that designs, develops, manufactures and commercializes advanced plasma processes and sustainable solutions which

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China to Exceed ‘Green’ Hydrogen Target ahead of Schedule, Beating Rest of World Combined

by Yujie Xue (South China Morning Post) Output of hydrogen made using renewable energy on track to beat a 2025 target of 200,000 tonnes, Rystad Energy report says.  --  China is set to surpass its national hydrogen production targets, solidifying its leading

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DOE Announces $1.2 Million to Accelerate America's Carbon Dioxide Removal Industry

(U.S. Department of Energy) Twenty-four Semifinalists Selected for DOE Historic Carbon Dioxide Removal Purchase Prize Will Create a Just and Sustainable Framework for Scalable Carbon Management and Help Develop a Carbon Dioxide Purchasing Market to Encourage Technology Innovation -- As part of

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Ground-Breaking Hydrogen and Bio-Methanol Collaboration Ready for Global Giant Markets

(Norwegian Hydrogen) Ålesund-based Glocal Green and Norwegian Hydrogen have entered into a collaboration agreement on large-scale production of what is also known as bio-e-methanol. -- While Glocal Green is focusing on the possibilities within bio-methanol as its contribution to the green shift,

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Commission Kick-Starts Work on a New Pilot Mechanism to Boost the Hydrogen Market

(European Commission) Today (June 3, 2024), the Commission is taking further steps to support the development of the European hydrogen market by launching work on a pilot mechanism. The new mechanism was created under the recently-adopted decarbonised gases and hydrogen package, and aims to accelerate investments by

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ACWA Power and Tunisian Government Sign MOU for Major Green Hydrogen Project

(ACWA Power)  - ACWA Power to explore the development of major green hydrogen project with a first phase of a capacity of 200,000 tonnes per year powered by 4GW of renewable energy.   - Tunisia is envisioned as a central node for green hydrogen

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First Green Hydrogen Plant Starts Trial Operation

(Hungary Today) Hungary’s first green hydrogen plant was inaugurated on Monday at the Bükkábrány Energy Park (northeastern Hungary). At the inauguration ceremony of the plant, Energy Minister Csaba Lantos stressed that the plant not only serves the fight against climate change,

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Vast Receives Planning Consent for CSP-powered Solar Methanol Project in Port Augusta

(Vast)  Vast (Vast Renewables Limited) (Nasdaq: VSTE), a renewable energy company specialising in concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) energy systems that generate zero-carbon, utility-scale electricity and industrial process heat, has received planning consent for Solar Methanol 1 (SM1), a CSP-powered reference

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European Commission Begins Developing Hydrogen Market Pilot

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Belgium, the European Commission is taking further steps to support the development of the European hydrogen market by launching work on a pilot mechanism. The new mechanism was created under the recently-adopted decarbonized gases and hydrogen

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Ceres Signs Contract with Shell for Green Hydrogen

(Ceres) Contract to design a 10MW pressurised solid oxide electrolyser (“SOEC”) module to produce green hydrogen at 36kWh/kg; Builds on the data being generated from the existing demonstration of Ceres’ technology at Shell’s R&D facility in Bangalore, India; Develops pathways for the commercialisation

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Capwatt selects Sumitomo SHI FW as Gasification Technology Partner for the Pioneering Mangualde Renewable Methanol Project

(Sumitomo) Sumitomo SHI FW (SFW) has signed an agreement with Capwatt to provide Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) services for a state-of-the-art syngas production plant, integral to the groundbreaking Mangualde Renewable Methanol project in Portugal. This initiative aims to build a cutting-edge biorefinery

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Ohmium Selected to Provide 10MW PEM Electrolyzers for First Green Hydrogen Project in Croatia

(Ohmium International) Ohmium International (“Ohmium”), a leading green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures, and deploys advanced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, is pleased to announce that it was selected to equip the first green hydrogen project in Croatia. Ohmium was selected

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Hydrogen Supply Outlook 2024: A Reality Check

(BloombergNEF)  BNEF expects clean H2 supply to skyrocket 30-fold to 16.4 million metric tons per year by 2030, driven by supportive policy and a maturing project pipeline. Still, this is not sufficient to meet most government targets. Less than a third

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'Severe Overcapacity' | The Global Supply of Electrolysers Far Outstrips Demand from Green Hydrogen Projects: BNEF

by Polly Martin (Hydrogen Insight) Research firm warns that new firms are flooding an already oversupplied market -- Electrolyser manufacturers have invested too quickly into new factories, with “severe overcapacity” compared to actual demand from green hydrogen project developers in the coming

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Arnhem to Host First e-Methanol System in Benelux

by Alan Sherrard  (Bioenergy International) In the Netherlands, a consortium with Bright Renewables and HyGear, both part of the HoSt Group, and the University of Twente are set to construct Benelux's first electro-methanol (e-methanol) system. The joint project, "Towards Acceleration and Demonstration of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Standardized eMethanol Production

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Flemming Kanstrup and Robert Buckley-Mellor of Topsoe and Worley respectively presented these slides at ABLC 2024 on new revenue for biogenic CO2 via eMethanol — highlighting that market maturity breaks the barriers to entry for producers

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Smelly but Clean: How Ammonia Might Kill Coal under the IRA

by Benjamin Storrow (Politico Pro Climatewire) Biden's climate law is funding "green ammonia" projects in hopes of using the chemical to power the grid, fuel cargo ships and make fertilizer. -- The stinky ammonia under your sink comes from one of the world's

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Asahi Kasei Starts Operation of Multi-Module Hydrogen Pilot Plant in Kawasaki

(Asahi Kasei) Important milestone towards realization of 100 MW-class alkaline-water electrolysis systems -- The Japanese technology company Asahi Kasei is further accelerating its hydrogen business activities. On May 13, company representatives and partners including the Japanese government celebrated the official opening of

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Boric Presents Plan to Produce Green Hydrogen: "A Window of Opportunity for Chile"

(infobae (Google Translation))  The Chilean president, Gabriel Boric, presented this Thursday the Green Hydrogen Action Plan, a set of 80 measures with which Chile seeks to reduce the installation and production costs of green hydrogen by 2030, and thus become

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Antwerp-Bruges and Namport to Invest in Hydrogen and Ammonia Export Hub

(World Cargo News)  Port of Antwerp-Bruges partners with Namport to develop a EUR 250M hydrogen export hub in Walvis Bay, leveraging Namibia’s solar energy advantage. -- The Port of Antwerp-Bruges collaborates with Namport, a state-owned Namibian port operator, to establish a hydrogen

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Will Making Hydrogen ‘Green’ Depend on China?

by Christian Robles (E&E News) Machinery that makes hydrogen fuel from water could become another energy technology whose production is centered in Asia. ... China leads the world in producing the essential technology for green hydrogen made from renewables: electrolyzers. The machines use

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European Hydrogen Bank Pilot Auction Results

(European Commission)The first EU-wide auction (IF23 Auction) for the production of RFNBO (renewable fuel of non-biological origin) hydrogen was launched on 23 November 2023 and closed on 8 February 2024. The auction attracted 132 projects bids from 17 European countries You

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DG Fuels is an emerging leader in renewable hydrogen and biogenic based, synthetic low emissions aviation and diesel fuel, and this deck looks at their second-generation cellulosic biofuel and their market expansion plans, whose hydrogen content

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Hybrid Electric Flight Pioneer Ampaire Ground Tests Dimensional Energy e-Fuel

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir) Electric aviation pioneer Ampaire has partnered with Dimensional Energy, an emerging power-to-liquid producer, to perform a ground test of a hybrid-electric powertrain using 100% e-SAF created by converting carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere. The two US-based companies performed

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Groundbreaking H2@Scale Project Unveils Hydrogen Proto-Hub

(GTI Energy)  First-of-its-kind facility will foster innovation in the production and deployment of low-carbon hydrogen --  Frontier Energy, Inc., GTI Energy, and the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin, today hosted the grand opening of a hydrogen research

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MOL Group Inaugurates Green Hydrogen Plant of the Region

(MOL Group) MOL produces 1600 tonnes of green hydrogen per year using electricity from renewable sources; The plant will reduce carbon dioxide emissions of the Danube Refinery by 25 000 tonnes; With the introduction of this technology, MOL Group has taken an important

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Futuria Fuels and DME

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Dimethyl-ether is a single molecule that can be produced from a wide range of renewable feedstocks. It can be blended with LPG and used in existing applications. It is chemically similar to propane and butane, and

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Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen through the European Hydrogen Bank's “Auctions-as-a-Service” tool. The German measure is in line notably with the objectives of the REPowerEU Plan and

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OCP and Fortescue to Partner to Develop Green Energy, Hydrogen and Ammonia in Morocco

(Fortescue)  Today (April 8, 2024), OCP Group, a global leader in plant nutrition and phosphate-based fertilizers, and Fortescue Energy, part of global green energy, metals and technology company Fortescue Ltd (Fortescue), announced a landmark Joint Venture (JV) in Morocco. This equal partnership

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RIL, Tata Motors, IOCL to Be Key Bidders for Green Hydrogen Pilot Project: Report

(Business Today) The pilot project will help identify operational issues and gaps in terms of technology readiness, regulations, implementation, infrastructure and supply chains. -- Reliance Industries (RIL), Tata Motors and Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) are likely to be key bidders for

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels’ St. James SAF Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DG Fuels is an emerging leader in renewable hydrogen and biogenic based, synthetic low emissions aviation and diesel fuel, and this deck looks at their second-generation cellulosic biofuel and their market expansion plans, whose hydrogen content

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Nzyme2HC and Renewable H2 Production

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Renewable H2 production that requires ~40% less electricity than state-of-the-art electrolysis> That’s the promise of early-stager Nzyme2HC. As the company puts it, “The amount of electricity required to produce green H2 must be significantly reduced. We

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to OMC Thermochemistry

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Low cost green hydrogen and syngas using heat and domesitically abundant materials.  READ MORE

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PONANT and FARWIND Energy Partner to Develop Green Hydrogen Refueling Solutions

(Ponant/Farwind)  In the ongoing quest to find ways to decarbonize and thus play its part in the maritime industry’s energy transition, PONANT is collaborating with the Nantes-based startup FARWIND Energy. Under study: innovative solutions for ship refueling with renewable hydrogen. PONANT’s ship

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3M Invests in Hydrogen Electrolyzer Manufacturer EVOLOH

(3M/PR Newswire) Scaling electrolyzer manufacturing supports the hydrogen economy and helps move the planet towards a clean energy transition -- 3M (NYSE: MMM) has invested in EVOLOH, a cleantech company that's working to scale up manufacturing of its electrolyzers to make green hydrogen affordable

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RWE Acquires Land for Green Hydrogen Plant on Teesside

by Amber Rolt (Business Green)  RWE's hydrogen project aims to create opportunities for green investment, jobs, and local economic benefits Energy giant RWE has announced plans are progressing for a new green hydrogen plant at Teesside, following the acquisition of suitable development

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Infinium’s Project Pathfinder Is World’s First Fully Operational eFuels Facility

(Infinium) Ultra-low carbon electrofuels now in production in North America --  Electrofuels leader Infinium is now successfully operating the world’s first commercial scale facility making drop-in ready electrofuels (eFuels) in Corpus Christi, Texas. The project, known as Project Pathfinder, is a continuously

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Huadian Group Eyes $2.4B Investment In Green Hydrogen Plant In Quang Tri, Vietnam

by Pooja Chandak (SolarQuarter)  Chinese state-owned enterprise Huadian is set to establish a $2.4 billion green hydrogen facility in central Vietnam in collaboration with local partner Minh Quang JSC. The proposed project, recently presented to authorities in Quang Tri province, encompasses a

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Chart Industries Awarded Order for Hydrogen Liquefier, Liquid Hydrogen Transports and ISO Containers from Element Resources

(Chart Industries) Chart Industries, Inc. (NYSE: GTLS) (“Chart”), a leading global solutions provider to clean energy and industrial gas markets, announces an order from Element Resources Inc (“Element”) for its Lancaster Clean Energy Center (LCEC), a major renewable green hydrogen production

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ABB Signs Agreement to Support Major Power-to-X Green Hydrogen Project in the US

(ABB)  ABB collaborates with Green Hydrogen International on the Hydrogen City project in Texas, set to produce 280,000 tons of green hydrogen per year; Hydrogen to be used to produce one million tons of green ammonia annually to serve global export demand; Facility

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Net Zero Transportation, Charting a Course for Low Carbon Fuels | Knowledge Exchange Division

(CoBank)  CoBank’s Jacqui Fatka and Teri Viswanath kick off their Energy in Transition series with a video podcast, Net Transportation, Charting a Course for Low Carbon Fuels. This four-part dialogue looks at how, from farm to fuel, decarbonization demands requires radical

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GM Readies Test Fleet of Heavy Pickups Powered by Green Hydrogen

by Alan Ohnsman  (Forbes) The jumbo-sized Chevrolet Silverado trucks will be designed to get 300 miles per fueling and also serve as mobile power generators.The jumbo-sized Chevrolet Silverado trucks will be designed to get 300 miles per fueling and also serve

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Services Contracts Win for Shell’s Holland Hydrogen 1 (HH1) Project

(Worley) We’ve been awarded services contracts by Shell supporting the delivery of Europe’s largest renewable hydrogen project located in the Port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. -- The contracts continue the close collaboration between Shell and Worley since late 2020, when we provided early engineering

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Efficient Process for Green Methanol Demonstrated in Container Plant

(INERATEC) The E4MeWi research association is currently demonstrating how effectively green methanol can be produced in the future in a container plant at the Bitterfeld-Wolfen Chemical Park. Methanol is regarded as a key technology for defossilizing shipping and aviation and also

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Researcher Works to Lower Cost of Hydrogen Production

(Invent Penn State) Hydrogen gas, while a potentially greener alternative to fossil fuels, is currently expensive to produce. Penn State doctoral candidate in chemical engineering Arash Emdadi and his lab mates are working to improve the hydrogen production method to make

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Hydrogen: New Ambitions and Challenges

(S&P Global) In addition to its role in the oil refining and chemical industries, hydrogen is now emerging as a vector of clean energy delivery. There is genuine interest and investment worldwide as governments and businesses seek to develop this budding

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Chevron Announces Its First Solar-to-Hydrogen Production Project in California’s Central Valley

(Chevron) Chevron New Energies, a division of Chevron U.S.A. Inc., announced it is developing a 5-megawatt hydrogen production project in California’s Central Valley. -- The project aims to create lower carbon energy by utilizing solar power, land, and non-potable produced water from

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Pathways to eFuels: CO2 Capture and Conversion to Liquid Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2, the final frontier. We have, famously, too much of it, and can do too little with us for too high a cost. Yet, researchers are teasing out exciting new applications, such as a pathway to

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OMV Petrom Signs Financing through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)* for Two Green Hydrogen Production Projects at Petrobrazi Refinery

(OMV Petrom) The funding was obtained following the reopening of the call for projects related to NRRP; Total investment for the two projects is estimated at approximately EUR 140 million; Maximum amount of NRRP funding is EUR 50 million   February 26, 2024 - OMV

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Emissions from Grid-Linked Green Hydrogen 'Could Be Worse than Brown H2'

by Orlando Jenkinson (Wind Power Monthly) Carbon emissions associated with planned green hydrogen projects could be higher than other forms of hydrogen production, depending on the source of electricity, according to a new report by energy consultancy WoodMackenzie. The company's ‘Over the

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Egypt, EU to Cooperate across Green Hydrogen Field

(Egypt Today) Egypt is reviewing possible cooperation opportunities with the European Union in the field of green hydrogen, First Assistant to the Prime Minister, Randa El Menshawy said during a meeting with European Union officials. During the meeting, El Menshawy explained that

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European Hydrogen Bank Pilot Auction: 132 Bids Received from 17 European Countries

(European Commission) The pilot auction under the European Hydrogen Bank, for renewable hydrogen production in Europe, has attracted 132 bids from projects located in 17 European countries. The total support requested far exceeds the currently available budget of €800 million, provided by the Innovation Fund.  Kurt Vandenberghe,

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Oulu Energy Plans a 100 MW Hydrogen Plant in Oulu, Finland

(Oulu Energy) Oulu Energy is planning to build a 100 megawatts (MW) hydrogen production plant in Oulu, northern Finland. When completed, the plant would be a big step towards clean energy production and thus a natural part of Oulu Energy’s goal

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New Research Pathway Uses Renewable Electricity to Produce Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This technology was developed in the BETO-funded CO2RUe consortium mission and can be used to produce sustainable aviation fuel.  -- Identifying routes to efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to an intermediate chemical which can be further upgraded to

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Tecnimont (MAIRE) Awarded a Front-End-Engineering Design for an Integrated Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Plant in Portugal

(Tecnimont (MAIRE)) Tecnimont will carry out FEED and will submit an EPC proposal for a large-scale plant that will produce green hydrogen and green ammonia from dedicated renewable energy; The scope of work includes electrolyzers’ integration, air separation unit for nitrogen production,

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HNO International Spearheads Scalable Hydrogen Energy Platform (SHEP™) to Pioneer Green Hydrogen Production in 2024

(HNO International/PR Newswire) In a historic collaboration, HNO International, Inc. (OTC: HNOI) is leading a groundbreaking initiative alongside Element One Energy and Pneumatic and Hydraulic Company (PHC). Together, they are set to develop the world's first 500 kg per day green hydrogen production facility in Houston, Texas. The

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced by global hydrogen producers in shifting towards low carbon hydrogen — new technologies for green hydrogen, new carbon capture opportunities to make blue hydrogen, and much more, including

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Lhyfe and SAF+ International Group Ink MoU

(Bioenergy International) France-headed Lhyfe, a pioneer in the production of green and renewable hydrogen, and Canada-headed SAF+ International Group (SAF+), a world leader in the production and marketing of electro-sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF), have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to

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Circular Economy, Energy and the Environment

by Jerry Murphy (MaREAI/Science in Society)  MaREI Director Professor Jerry Murphy presented a lecture in the Science in Society Public Lecture Series entitled “Circular Economy, Energy and the Environment” on Thursday 1st February. In this lecture, Prof Murphy explained a series of

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OPINION: A Clean Transportation Fuels Standard Will Drive Down Emissions

by Travis Kellerman (Somos Solar/Albuquerque Journal) A critical piece of legislation is being considered this legislative session. HB 41, the Clean Transportation Fuels Standard bill, will revolutionize the clean fuel economy in New Mexico, accelerate the state’s transition to low- and

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University of Sheffield a Key Partner in Two New Direct Air Capture SAF Programmes

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) The University of Sheffield in the UK has become a key partner in two new programmes supporting the production of sustainable aviation fuel from air-captured carbon dioxide. A mobile Direct Air Capture (DAC) plant developed by

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Grown-Up Talk about Blue Hydrogen

by Terry Mazanec (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) ... What constitutes the hydrogen economy? According to most analysts, the hydrogen economy is “an economy that relies on hydrogen as the commercial fuel that would deliver a substantial fraction of a nation’s energy and

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Bio-SynDiesel and Bio-SynJet from EBTL and BETL Processes

by David J. Patterson and Gord Crawford (Expander Energy Inc./Biofuels Digest)  Expander’s Enhanced Biomass to Liquids (EBTL™) and Biomass Electrolysis to Liquids (BETL™) processes produce and combine hydrogen and carbon monoxide into paraffin carbon chains in the diesel boiling range to produce

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Plug Power Starts Production of Liquid Green Hydrogen at its Georgia Plant

(Plug Power) Landmark Achievement for Plug’s Vertically Integrated Green Hydrogen Ecosystem and the Largest Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer in the United States; Plant is a First-Hand Customer Showcase for Electrolyzer-Produced Hydrogen -- Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in

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Neste and Partner Companies Conclude the E-Fuel Research Project Showcasing Progress in the Development of Electrofuels

(Neste)  Renewable hydrogen produced by green electricity and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) play an important role in combating climate change. Low-emission e-fuels produced using these technologies are particularly suitable for segments that are difficult to electrify, such as aviation and

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Trends within Sustainable Aviation Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Balance your risks and rewards,” advises Topsoe’s Henrik Guldberg Petersen at ABLC Next 2023 in San Francisco, addressing the challenges of feedstock as a very scarce resource, making every carbon atom count for lower CI; the

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Denmark’s 1GW Green Hydrogen Production Facility Receives Important Environmental Approval from Authorities

(H2 Energy Europe)  The approval is a key step in establishing an European hydrogen industry, ensuring its safety and benefits to the local community -- H2 Energy Europe announces that it has received environmental approval for its large-scale green hydrogen production

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A Research Project Paving the Way for Large-Scale Production of Green Hydrogen Energy Carriers in Chile

(Fraunhofer IEE) Together with its partners, Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE is paving the way for the establishment of large-scale production of green hydrogen and its downstream products in Chile. The project’s research focuses on the

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HNO International, Inc. Celebrates Milestone Achievement: Successful Refueling of Toyota Mirai Using Innovative CHRS™ Technology

(HNO International/PR Newswire) HNO International (HNOI) proudly announces the successful demonstration of clean hydrogen refueling of a Toyota Mirai utilizing its cutting-edge technology, the Compact Hydrogen Refueling Station (CHRS™). This groundbreaking feat signifies a leap forward in advancing clean and green

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Green Ammonia Could Decarbonize 60% of Global Shipping When Offered at Just 10 Regional Fuel Ports

(IOP Publishing) A study published today in IOP Publishing’s journal Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability has found that green ammonia could be used to fulfil the fuel demands of over 60% of global shipping by targeting just the top 10 regional fuel ports. Researchers

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Whisky Me Away! Scientists Have Discovered a Way to Turn Wastewater from the Whisky Industry into Eco-friendly FUEL

by William Hunter (Daily Mail) Whisky distilleries produce a billion litres of wastewater every single year; Scientists hope to use this to replace the fresh water needed to create hydrogen -- ... Researchers from Heriot-Watt University have discovered a technique to convert

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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