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Biofuel Tax Credit Extension Introduced

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  Ethanol champion Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R-IA) held on to her seat in Congress in a close race last week, and after declaring victory she immediately joined Sharice Davids (D-KS) in introducing legislation to extend the Second Generation Biofuel Producer

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AFPM Requests Partial Waiver of Cellulosic Biofuel RVO for 2024

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The American Fuel & Petrochemicals Manufacturers on Nov. 1 petitioned the U.S. EPA to waive a portion of the compliance year 2024 Renewable Fuel Standard renewable volume obligation (RVO) for cellulosic biofuel.  In its petition, AFPM

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaJet SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation by LanzaJet, a company specializing in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), highlights the company’s Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) technology as a key driver for the next generation of SAF. They advocate for the use of ethanol as

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable Herbaceous Energy Crop Production in the Southeast US.

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) What is the potential for cellulosic bioenergy crop production? Cellulosic bioenergy crop production is a nascent industry in the U.S. and has the potential to supply 5% of U.S. energy demand while achieving increased carbon reduction.

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Thailand's Biofuel Subsidy Navigates EV Threat Amid E20, Feedstock, SAF Transition

by Samyak Pandey and Prishitha Kandasamy (S&P Global)  Extends biofuel subsidies to September 2026; Targets 8% sustainable aviation fuel by 2036; Electric vehicles pose risks to biofuel demand  --  Thailand recently extending its biofuels mandate is expected to bolster current feedstock demand and fuel

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Report: Low Corn Prices Support Expansion of Chinese Ethanol Production

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Ethanol production and demand in China are expected to increase 17% this year, according to a report filed with the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service’s Global Agricultural Information Network. Domestic ethanol production capacity in China is

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The Bioeconomy Risk Indexes Launched by The Daily Digest and Digest Data

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, Digest Data launched the BRISKIs, the Bioeconomy Risk Indexes, tracking risk for 30 bioeconomy fuels and chemical molecules, and 60 feedstocks. They are free, and here. The purpose The BRISKIs offer insight for decision makers, at a time

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Government Unveils Scheme to Establish Bio-Ethanol Plants

(Chemical Industry Digest) Government has unveiled plans to establish several bio-ethanol plants nationwide under the Pradhan Mantri JI-VAN Yojana. The initiative is designed to foster the production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol from cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass, promoting cleaner fuel alternatives and bolstering

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Comstock Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Comstock Fuels highlights that its “ breakthrough cellulosic technology enables fuel producers to lead in fuel production efficiency and output while contributing to net zero mobility. Our proprietary cellulosic fuel technology converts woody biomass into C6

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Growth Energy Files Motion to Intervene in AFPM’s Case against EPA on Cellulosic Biofuel

(Growth Energy) Growth Energy, the nation’s largest biofuel trade association, filed a motion yesterday to intervene in a case brought by the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The case aims to force EPA

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The Brazilian Behemoth: The Biggest, Baddest Advanced Biorefinery of Them All, Open for Business

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News arrives from Brazil that has been eagerly awaited by all. Raízen has inaugurated its new, $228 million, second-generation ethanol plant, at the Bonfim Bioenergy Complex, in Guariba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The

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U of A Biofuel Startup Wins $20,000 at National Competition

(University of Arkansas)  A U of A startup focused on creating alternative fuels was one of three national winners at a pitch competition organized by the U.S. Department of Energy.  ProPika, which uses its patented technology to process cellulose so fuel producers

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NREL Biomass Technology a Cornerstone of SAFFiRE Renewables Biofuel Pilot Plant Going Up in Kansas

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  On its path to opening a facility designed to turn agriculture residue into a scalable biofuel business, SAFFiRE Renewables, LLC plans to break ground on its pilot plant near Liberal, Kansas, in late 2024. In 2023,

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NREL Biomass Technology a Cornerstone of SAFFiRE Renewables Biofuel Pilot Plant Going Up in Kansas

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  On its path to opening a facility designed to turn agriculture residue into a scalable biofuel business, SAFFiRE Renewables, LLC plans to break ground on its pilot plant near Liberal, Kansas, in late 2024. In 2023,

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Promising SA-First Solution to Convert Paper Sludge, Food and Textile Waste into Bioethanol

(The Paper Story)  A pioneering solution has been developed to convert cellulose fibre-rich waste from pulp and paper mill operations into ethanol using a specialised fermentation process. Ethanol is a versatile starting material that finds diverse application in the production of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DG Fuels is an emerging leader in renewable hydrogen and biogenic based, synthetic low emissions aviation and diesel fuel, and this deck looks at their second-generation cellulosic biofuel and their market expansion plans, whose hydrogen content

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EPA Approves Registration of Vertimass Green Gasoline Blends

(Vertimass)  VertiGas20, a renewable gasoline product, is now registered to be sold as 20% blends in conventional gasoline to help mitigate transportation carbon emissions -- Vertimass is pleased to announce that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved registration for

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Blue Biofuels Begins Engineering and Design for Cellulosic Ethanol Project

by Blue Biofuels/EthanolProducer Magazine) In a recent development, Blue Biofuels Inc. proudly announces the commencement of an FEL 1 & 2 engineering study for a 2.4-million-gallon cellulosic ethanol facility. This endeavor is grounded in the company's innovative cellulose-to-sugar (CTS) system, which

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels’ St. James SAF Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DG Fuels is an emerging leader in renewable hydrogen and biogenic based, synthetic low emissions aviation and diesel fuel, and this deck looks at their second-generation cellulosic biofuel and their market expansion plans, whose hydrogen content

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Cellulosic Biofuels Win for Ground Transportation

by Lauren Quinn (University of Illinois Agri-View) Despite the fervor around electric vehicles and their potential to reduce the transportation sector’s carbon footprint, 2023 projections suggest electric vehicles won’t edge out gas-powered vehicles for decades to come. With conventional vehicles

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Green Plains Begins Commissioning of the Demonstration Facility Combining Fluid Quip Technologies’ MSC ™ with Shell Fiber Conversion Technology

(Green Plains) Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE) today announced that it has begun commissioning of the York, Nebraska, demonstration facility combining Fluid Quip Technologies’ precision separation and processing technology (MSC™) with Shell Fiber Conversion Technology (SFCT). The new facility combines fermentation, mechanical

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Blue Biofuels Makes First Cellulosic Ethanol

(Blue Biofuels) Blue Biofuels Inc. (“BIOF”) continues to make substantial strides in advancing its Cellulose-to-Sugar (CTS) technology towards commercial scale. The company has achieved a significant milestone by successfully producing its first batch of cellulosic ethanol, utilizing the cellulosic sugars created

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EPA Denies AFPM Petition Seeking Waiver of 2023 Cellulosic Biofuel RVO

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on March 15 denied a petition filed by the American Fuel & Petroleum Manufacturers in December 2023 seeking a partial waiver of the 2023 cellulosic biofuel renewable volume obligation (RVO) under

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Cellulosic Biofuels Still a Win for Ground Transportation

by Deborah Gertz Husar (Herald-Whig) ... With conventional vehicles likely to dominate the ground fleet for the foreseeable future, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign experts say cellulosic biofuels shouldn’t be discounted. Researchers in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences and the

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New Energy Blue Forms New Energy Chemicals to Sustainably Produce Bio-Sourced Ethylene for Carbon-Zero Jet Fuel and Dow's Renewable Plastics

(New Energy Blue/PR Newswire)  New Energy Blue, the clean-energy developer of lowest-carbon biofuel and biochemicals from crop residues, today advances its Decarbonizing America agenda by forming New Energy Chemicals. In phase one, the new biochemical subsidiary will produce American-sourced and American-made bio-based

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Viewpoint: Planned Dangerous Ethanol Plant Violates City Law

by Robert Weintraub (News Leader)  An ethanol production plant has been proposed for Fernandina Beach by Rayonier Advanced Materials (RYAM). The company has said it is not required to provide details of the plant or its operation to the city commission.

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Opal Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) OPAL Fuels is a fully integrated, nationwide leader in the production and distribution of low-carbon intensity renewable natural gas (RNG). Our vertical waste-to-energy model combines the upstream production and downstream marketing and distribution of RNG, delivering

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LanzaJet Announces $30 Million Investment from Southwest Airlines to Accelerate Company's Growth and Advance U.S. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(LanzaJet/PR Newswire)  LanzaJet Plans to Support Southwest Airlines with U.S. SAF Production and with Development of Ethanol from Agriculture Residue with SAFFiRE Renewables -- LanzaJet, Inc. (LanzaJet) a leading sustainable fuels technology company and sustainable fuels producer, today announced a $30 million investment by

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EPA, DOE Announce $9.4M to Spur Development of Advanced Biofuels as Part of President Biden’s Investing in America Agenda DEADLINE March 22, 2024

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) As part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy today released a Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for up to $9.4 million for the development of advanced

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The Pamplona Bioeconomy: Watch out, the Bulls Are Running

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The bioeconomy is on fire, and three tales reveal the extent to which the bulls are running. One in RNG, one in industrial furnaces, one in integrated cellulosic biorefining.  ... Hot RNG From Illinois comes word that Ameresco has

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Byproduct of Biofuel Production Shows Potential for Insect Pest Management

by Rob Morrison (PCT) Researchers from the USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Michigan State University set out to determine whether byproducts from cellulosic biofuel production could be used to manage an array of

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MagLab Collaborates on Sustainable Jet Fuel Research

(National High Magnetic Field Laboratory)  Fuel made from corn harvest waste would reduce greenhouse emissions by 70%. -- Agricultural leftovers could someday help power your air travel. Scientists at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory are helping to study the feasibility of turning

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Microbial Division of Labor Produces Higher Biofuel Yields

by Diana Yates (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/Phys.Org) Scientists have found a way to boost ethanol production via yeast fermentation, a standard method for converting plant sugars into biofuels. Their approach, detailed in the journal Nature Communications, relies on careful timing and a tight

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF, the ICF Perspective

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Mike McCurdy, Managing Director of Fuels & Power at ICF presented these slides at ABLC Next on how sustainable aviation fuels are taking off in the near term with the latest projected figures for the 2020s,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Comstock Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Comstock Fuels highlights that its “ breakthrough cellulosic technology enables fuel producers to lead in fuel production efficiency and output while contributing to net zero mobility. Our proprietary cellulosic fuel technology converts woody biomass into C6

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Fire! Open Letter to US Treasury, Energy Secretaries on Addressing the Threat of Forest Fire via the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Which brings us to the forest, because once we have stopped by the commodity exchanges where oilseeds, grains, and waste fats and oils are priced and traded, we discover right away that commodity prices are

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New Renewable Fuel Standard Volume Targets Facilitate Renewable Natural Gas Production

by Jonathan Inbal and Stephen York (U.S. Energy Information Administration)  On June 21, 2023, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a final rule that established biofuel volume requirements and standards for cellulosic biofuel for 2023–25 as part of the Renewable Fuel

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Biofuel Is Good, But Could It Be Great?

by Treena Hein (Seed World) As demand rises for biofuels, plant breeders are working hard to increase biofuel feedstocks’ productivity and biofuel’s sustainability.  -- ... (I)nfrastructure development and plant breeders’ efforts during the past decade have put biofuels on the map in

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Conestoga to Host SAFFiRE Cellulosic Ethanol Pilot Plant

(Saffire Renewables/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Conestoga Energy and SAFFiRE Renewables LLC announced today their agreement for Conestoga to host SAFFiRE’s cellulosic ethanol pilot plant at Conestoga’s Arkalon Energy ethanol facility in Liberal, Kansas. The SAFFiRE pilot project aims to validate and demonstrate

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Unlocking the Future with Biofuels: A Pathway to Sustainable Mobility Transformation

by Jim Lane/Praj (REenergize! the Gulf Coast)  In an era defined by environmental concerns and the urgent need to transition towards renewable energy sources, ethanol has emerged as a key contender in shaping the future of sustainable energy. Its multifaceted role

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Interview: Brazil's Raízen Sees Ethanol Producers Unable to Meet Demand

by Thomas Washington and Harry Clyne (S&P Global)  New processing plants take 6-18 months to complete; Ethanol from sugarcane leaves is RED II-compliant  --  Cellulosic ethanol supply is hampered by a shortage of plants to process EU-compliant biofuel from sugarcane leaves but several

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaJet

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Lanzajet says we are at an inflection point for the sustainable aviation industry. Why? How? What’s LanzaJet’s role in it all? How are they driving innovation and accelerating deployment of SAF? What’s the status of their

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Biofuels Vs Synthetic Fuels: The Five Points that Favor Waste Biomass to Fuels

by Michael Barnard (CleanTechnica)  I am betting on collective sanity, rational behavior of governments, and funding getting into the right hands as opposed to into the hands of people working on useless frippery. Recently a post-doctoral researcher at Ghent University in Belgium

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Airbus Partners with DG Fuels to Foster Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in the United States

(Airbus) This partnership will support the scaling of a promising technology to produce sustainable aviation fuels from cellulosic waste and residues. -- Airbus has become a strategic partner with DG Fuels, LLC (“DGF”), an emerging leader in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). "Sustainable aviation

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Converting Existing Industrial Facilities into Advanced Biorefineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest/REenergize the Gulf Coast) Digest WEBINARS returned to the airwaves again this past week and we were fortunate to have Melich Seefeldt, Vice President Business Development, Europe for Praj Industries as our guide on a tour of

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GranBio Invests in the Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

By Andréia Vital (JornalCana (Google Translation)) Total value for this project will be US$ 220 million -- GranBio seeks to promote the use of energy cane for the production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in Brazil.   During participation in a webinar held by Unicamp , last week, Bernardo Gradin , CEO of the

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MN Bio-Fuels Hosts Congressional Biofuels Tour Participants in MN

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels), in collaboration with the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association (IRFA), hosted congressional and federal agency staffers on Aug 16 and 17 when the latter’s 2023 Biofuels Science and Sustainability Tour participants visited Minnesota. Over

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Comstock Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Comstock Fuels highlights that its “ breakthrough cellulosic technology enables fuel producers to lead in fuel production efficiency and output while contributing to net zero mobility. Our proprietary cellulosic fuel technology converts woody biomass into C6 sugar

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Bold Biofuel Ambitions: This Is an Important Year for India

(Biofuels International) This is an important year for India with the country holding the G20 presidency through to the end of November, giving the nation’s leaders several opportunities to help shape future policies and programmes across many sectors, including their already-declared

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EPA’s RFS Final Rulemaking 2023-25: The Bottom Line

by  Jennifer LeRow (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) ... EPA was faced with a significant challenge, as it was statutorily required to consider numerous factors when using its “set” authority, including the impacts of the program on cost, air and water quality, climate

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Taking a New Crack at the Cellulosic Code: Blue Biofuels Is Trying to Grow

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Blue Biofuels is trying to grow in multiple areas. From its home state of Florida, the aspirant advanced biofuel production company is trying to expand its know-how and commercial readiness with a novel mechano-chemical cellulosic

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Allotrope Partners LLC, Axens North America and Sumitomo Corporation of Americas to Study Commercial Production of Low Carbon Biofuel Using Woody Biomass from Forest Thinning in California

(Sumitomo Corporation of Americas)  Allotrope Partners LLC ("Allotrope"), Axens North America ("Axens"), and Sumitomo Corporation of Americas ("SCOA") announced the signing of an agreement to develop a Joint Study for a commercial plant producing cellulosic bioethanol, utilizing the Axens Futurol™ process,

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RFA: Final RVO Rule Fails to Deliver on Promise of Original Proposal Public Comment DEADLINE July 5, 2023

(Renewable Fuels Association) The 2023-2025 Renewable Fuel Standard volumes finalized today by the Environmental Protection Agency mark an unfortunate step backward from the volumes that were originally proposed, according to the Renewable Fuels Association. EPA’s final rule includes conventional renewable fuel requirements of 15

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Not My Dad’s Ethanol

by Jim Kendrick (Biofuels Digest)  As I attended the 39th annual International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo in Omaha, Nebraska held June 12-14, memories of dinner table lessons received as the son of an Ag Economics professor come back to

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Unlocking the Deployment of Advanced Bioethanol Refineries

by Melich Seefeldt (Praj Industries/Biofuels Digest)  Advanced bioethanol (also named 2G or cellulosic bioethanol from inedible biomass) and its co-products lignin, stillage, and biogenic CO2 are sustainable key tools to decarbonize the difficult-to-abate transport sector. In addition, they can be

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide Axens Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Axens offers today the largest portfolio to do so; providing efficient, reliable and flexible technologies to convert biomass into high quality and low-carbon alternative products for the transportation sector as well as the chemical industry.. Axens

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Can We Replace All Crude Oil within 20 Years with Cellulosic Liquid Hydrocarbons?

by Charles Forsberg and Bruce Dale (Biofuels Digest)  In the United States, crude oil products provide 48% of the total energy to the final customer: residential, commercial, industrial and transportation. Replacement of crude oil products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, chemical feed

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Overview of the RIN Compliance System and Pricing of RINs for the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard

Maria Gerveni and Scott Irwin (University of Illinois) and Todd Hubbs (U.S. Department of Agriculture)    ... A RIN represents biofuel that has been produced and blended into transportation fuel.  RINs are tradeable, and the market price of RINs plays

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Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuel Production: The 2030 Supply Gap

( S&P Global Commodity Insights)Huge market potential for advanced feedstocks to meet the gap in supply needed to meet forecast demand of low CI fuels. Decarbonization efforts worldwide are boosting demand for transportation fuels with a low carbon intensity (CI). The

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Advisian

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Industry leaders in biofuels project development and delivery, Advisian is Worley’s global consulting business, solving critical challenges in infrastructure, environmental, sustainability, energy, and chemicals sectors. We bring technical expertise to every stage of your biofuels

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to iogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) You may know iogen as the cellulosic ethanol tech and biofuel company, but did you know they are now deploying low-carbon hydrogen? Check out this slide guide from ABLC in Washington DC from CEO Brian

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Low Carbon Ethanol: Carbon Intensity Reduction through Advanced Technologies

by Shrikant Rathi (Praj Americas/Biofuels Digest)  The drive for decarbonization has driven consideration of low carbon bioethanol as a feedstock for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and bio-products due to its potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of

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Sens. Marshall, Moran Join Colleagues in Urging Biden Administration to Strengthen Renewable Fuel Standard

(Office of Senator Roger Marshall, M.D. (R-Kan.))  U.S. Senators Roger Marshall, M.D. (R-Kan.) Jerry Moran (R-Kan.) joined a bipartisan group of their colleagues in urging the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to strengthen the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). The senators are calling

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s Friday and you’re ready for the weekend so here’s a short and sweet slide guide from DG Fuels on their second-generation cellulosic biofuel whose hydrogen content is derived from water electrolysis and uses a

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DG Fuels Proposes 120 mgy Sustainable Aviation Fuel Project in St. James Parish, Louisiana

by Dan Brown (DG Fuels) Company’s first SAF facility would create more than 6,000 jobs in the Southeast Region --  DG Fuels, an emerging leader in cellulosic drop-in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), announced it is evaluating a 3,000-acre site in St. James

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Alléo Energy Produces D975 Certified Over-the-Road Diesel from Wood Waste

(Alléo Energy/Business Wire) Alléo Energy today announced a significant milestone in the production of renewable fuels. Alléo’s first commercial facility has produced renewable diesel made entirely from wood waste. This fuel has been independently tested by Intertek Testing Laboratories and is

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The Old One-Two

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) ... The biobased diesel industry took that punch Dec. 1 when U.S. EPA finally released its “set” proposal for the Renewable Fuel Standard.  ... Heading into the RFS set process, hopes were high. Many U.S. renewable

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Japan Opens Comment Period on Updated Biofuel Standards Proposal DEADLINE March 2, 2023

by Erin Voegele (SAF Magazine) The government of Japan on Feb. 1 issued proposed biofuel standards for 2023-2027 that address both ethanol and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). A public comment period is open through March 2, with the new standards scheduled

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Advanced Biorefining and Cellulosic Refineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... This week we looked at the world of Cellulosic and Multi-Technology Biorefineries — markets, players, technologies, policy and more. Digest editor Jim Lane presented this State of the Sector presentation as part of the

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Advanced Biorefineries, the Future of the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) All the developed and even now developing nations are working hard on Net Zero ambitions and timelines now — India has a goal to reduce 1 billion tons of carbon emissions by 2030 and drop

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MOU Concluded on Collaboration for the First Commercial Production of Cellulosic Bioethanol from Woody Biomass in Japan and Its Development into Bio-chemical Products

(Nippon Paper Group) Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. (Head Office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; President: Toru Nozawa; hereinafter "Nippon Paper"), Sumitomo Corporation (Head Office: Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Representative Director, President and CEO: Masayuki Hyodo) and Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd. (Head Office: Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo;

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Integrating Bioenergy Production and Land Management Practices Can Boost Climate Change Mitigation

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Management practices like reforestation and the production of cellulosic bioenergy can reduce and capture atmospheric carbon and mitigate the effects of climate change. Combining approaches to land use could reduce greenhouse gas levels 50% more

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Axens, Praj Sign MOU for SAF Projects in India

(Axens/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Axens and Praj have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to work jointly on projects in India for production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from low carbon alcohols through alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway. India is among top five aviation markets

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U.S. Department of Energy Awards $118 Million to Accelerate Domestic Biofuel Production

(U.S. Department of Energy) 17 Projects Will Boost Production of Biofuels for Consumer and Freight Transportation in America, Support President Biden’s Decarbonization and Climate Agenda -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $118 million in funding for 17 projects

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The Biofuels Oil Rush

(World Bio Market Insights) With big oil moving into biofuels, Shell is one to watch. -- ... From another angle, biofuels are an already-lucrative global commodity attracting attention from some of the biggest corporate entities in the world: oil majors. The oil

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Comstock Technology Produces Circular Renewable Fuels

(Comstock Mining/Globe Newswire)  Technology Unlocks Massive New Feedstock Model to Neutralize America’s Transportation Emissions -- Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced the demonstration of breakthrough cellulosic fuels pathways to produce renewable diesel, marine, sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”)

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to LifeCycle Associates and Counting Carbon

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Life Cycle Associates is an independent business and environmental consulting firm specializing in life cycle analysis of fuel production pathways. The company completes life cycle analysis, model development, process design, analysis of policy implications, regulatory

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A New EPA Proposal Is Reigniting a Debate about What Counts as ‘Renewable’

by John McCracken (Grist) The agency wants more ethanol, biogas, and wood pellet power in the nation's fuel mix. But is that actually a good thing? The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has proposed new standards for how much of the nation’s fuel supply

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How to Rescue Biofuels from a Sustainable Dead End

by Peter Fairley (Nature) An environmentally friendly path forwards for liquid fuel derived from plants will depend on smarter agriculture and smarter regulation. -- ... If filling fuel tanks with these plant-derived liquids reduces carbon emissions by decreasing the demand

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Inflation Reduction Act Charts a New Course for US Biofuels Industry

by Corey Lavinsky (S&P Global) ... Though ethanol is mentioned only thrice in the lengthy law, ethanol producers will benefit from its carbon capture, utilization and storage provisions, clean fuel production credits, and incentives for ethanol-based sustainable aviation fuel. In addition, cellulosic

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5 Minutes with Thomas Hoppe, Clariant’s Head of Operations Business Line Biofuels & Derivatives

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Clariant has built the first commercial sunliquid® plant for the production of 50,000 t 2G cellulosic ethanol per year in Romania, which started production a few weeks ago. What have been the main hurdles in reaching this milestone? We are extremely

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The Secrets of Sagoib: Raizen’s Betting Big on 2G Ethanol, Here’s the Story

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  We reported last week that “UAE state investor Mubadala Investment Co and Raizen are the final bidders in the sale of BP Bunge Bioenergia, with no bidders in the second round and the other potential buyers

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ROBIN Debuts THE CLARIANT CHANNEL

(Biofuels Digest)  Now on ROBIN, up to the minute video and presentations, events and background from Europe's dominant player in 2G ethanol and in many chemicals markets. All content is available on THE CLARIANT CHANNEL, part of your ROBIN streaming

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Less than $3/G, No Subsidy, No Kidding: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to T2C Energy Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Perhaps the most startling and under-appreciated story of the year. A heavy-duty transport fuel, made using abundant, fungible and affordable biomethane, validated at $2.91 per gallon by the DOE’s top due diligence team, and that’s

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Red Rock Biofuels, Frontline BioEnergy Successfully Gasify Residual Woody Biomass into Syngas for Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Red Rock Biofuels/Business Wire)  Red Rock Biofuels LLC, a next-generation producer of low-carbon biofuels, and Frontline BioEnergy, a leading provider of waste and biomass gasification solutions, announce that they have successfully tested their innovative technology that gasifies Red Rock’s residual

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“The Roof Is Lifting” – The United States to Inject $800 Billion into Climate, Energy Sectors as IRA 2022 Passes to Biden for Signing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... One of the Digesterati described the shift in momentum: “The roof is lifting off the renewable energy industry broadly with the IRA and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021. The IRA and IIJA

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Growth Energy Sets Expectations for Landmark EPA Proposal

(Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Growth Energy celebrated the 17th anniversary of the Renewable Fuel Standard, signed into law on Aug. 8, 2005, by outlining the biofuel sector’s top priorities for the U.S. EPA’s fast-approaching update to the program. Under a consent decree agreement reached with

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Re-N-Vision Awarded Department of Energy Grant to Test and Develop Blue Biofuels’ CTS Technology in Equitable Energy Transition

(Blue BiofuelsGlobe Newswire)  Blue Biofuels, Inc. announces that Re-N-Vision, LLC, based out of St. Louis, MO, has received a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I Department of Energy grant for $199,902 with the title “Disadvantaged Community Bioenergy Feedstock Consortium

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Waste Management

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) We wish someone would name this company “Incredibly Valuable Bioeconomy Feedstock Stewards” but they remain Waste Management. By any name, they are a strategic players of the first magnitude in cellulosic liquid fuels and RNG,

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The Digest Turns 15: The 7 Top Trends, 10 Most Bizarre Stories, and 2 Mindsets, 3 Regrets, Many Blessings

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... We started the Digest on July 27, 2007 because it seemed to me, then as now, that the industry could use a good 5-minute round-up of what’s going on around the globe.  ...  Some

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Biointermediates: Production Opportunities and Regulatory Challenges

by Sara M. Herman (Biodiesel Magazine/Christianson) While biointermediates present opportunities for biofuel producers, close attention should be paid to regulatory requirements. --  ... Within the proposed rules, EPA included a section on biointermediates—feedstocks that are partially processed at one location

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Janesville Ethanol Plant Boosting Efficiency

by Mark Fischenich (Mankota Free Press) At a time when oil prices have made it particularly painful to gas up a vehicle, when western democracies are struggling with the ethics of buying oil from countries like Saudi Arabia and Russia, when

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Comstock Pioneers Renewable Fuels Technology

(Comstock Mining/Yahoo!)  Breakthrough Unlocks Massive New Feedstock Model for Net Zero Energy Independence --  Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced a significant expansion of its leading cellulosic technology portfolio by filing for a new patent covering breakthrough

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Blue Biofuels: Inflation and Rising Corn Prices Could Make Cellulosic Alternatives for Biofuels Highly Attractive

(Seeking Alpha)  • The inflationary forces that are currently at work in the U.S. economy will continue to cause much higher prices for many commodities, including corn. Corn is a primary feedstock for ethanol producers and as its price rises,

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Whatever Happened to Cellulosic Ethanol?

by David Kramer (Physics Today) Technological immaturity, falling oil prices, overoptimistic investors, and regulatory uncertainty are blamed for the failure of a promising biofuel technology to perform as hoped. -- Despite a decade and a half of big US federal investments

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The Chemicals Companies Decarbonising with Bio-feedstocks

(Bio Market Insights)  Accenture and NexantECA, an energy and chemicals advisory company, estimate that the chemicals industry needs to cut annual GHG emissions by 186 million tons in total over the next thirty years to reach net zero by 2050. While

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Beyond Ethanol: How 3 International Companies Are Finding Success in Iowa

by Mark Laurenzo (Iowa Economic Development Authority/Biofuels Digest)  Iowa has a well-documented history in the ethanol business. We’re the United States’ leader in renewable fuel production with 41 ethanol refineries (capable of producing more than 4.5 billion gallons per year) and

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Clariant Opens 140 Mln Euro Cellulosic Ethanol Plant in Romania

(SeeNews) Switzerland-based specialty chemicals company Clariant has inaugurated a cellulosic ethanol plant in the southern Romanian county of Dolj, following an investment of 140 million euro ($150 million), the local county council said. Some 40 million euro from the total investment came

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Final Volume Standards for 2020, 2021, and 2022

(Environmental Protection Agency) On June 3, 2022, EPA finalized a package of actions setting biofuel volumes for the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program for years 2020, 2021, and 2022, and introducing regulatory changes intended to enhance the program’s objectives. Final Volume Requirements

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Groups Send Letter to Congress Highlighting Oilheat Industry Policy Priorities

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) A number of organizations, including state energy associations and Clean Fuels Alliance America, sent a letter to federal policymakers May 12 highlighting several policy priorities for the heating oil industry. The industry is pursuing goals for

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Super GT Championship Introduces 100 Percent Renewable ETS Racing Fuels from 2023

(ETS Racing Fuels) Super GT is the first championship in Asia to run on a 100% biofuel. With the decision to use the fully sustainable fuel Renewablaze GTA R100 from ETS Racing Fuels, the GT Association has achieved a major

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Raízen Raising the Roof on 2 New Cellulosic Ethanol Plants with $395M Investment

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Almost a year ago, The Digest reported that Raízen was rising with about $1.15 billion raised in the biggest Brazil IPO of the year. And this year is no exception to the continued Rising of Raízen

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21 Sites at 10K Barrels per Day Each: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s Friday and you’re ready for the weekend so here’s a short and sweet slide guide from DG Fuels on their second-generation cellulosic biofuel whose hydrogen content is derived from water electrolysis and uses a

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Praj Industries Developing Binder to Blend Ethanol with Diesel

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In India, The Hindu Business Line reports that Praj Industries Ltd. is in collaboration with the Pune-based Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), and is developing a binder that will help blend ethanol with diesel, the company’s

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New Perspective Highlights Promise of Hybrid Approach for Cellulosic Biofuel Production

by S. Heather Duncan (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)  Scientists with the Center for Bioenergy Innovation at ORNL highlighted a hybrid approach that uses microbes and catalysis to convert cellulosic biomass into fuels suitable for aviation and other difficult-to-electrify sectors. -- The

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Near Net Zero 2G Ethanol and Cellulosic Sugar: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does Praj do simultaneous production of 2G ethanol and RNG from bagasse? What made the 3 cellulosic ethanol for Oil Marketing Cosin India successful? Where do Praj’s Celluniti and enfinity platforms fit in for

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Comstock Urges U.S. EPA to Expand Renewable Fuel Incentives for Biointermediates

(Comstock Mining)  Technologies Enable Dramatic Reduction in Carbon Intensity for America’s Decarbonization Portfolio  --  Comstock Mining Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced its submission of comments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) calling for enhanced regulations governing

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RFA Supports EPA’s Proposed 2022 RFS Volumes, Urges Agency to Abandon Retroactive Cut to 2020 Volume

(Renewable Fuels Association) In comments submitted today (February 4, 2022) to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Renewable Fuels Association expressed strong support for the agency’s proposed 2022 renewable volume obligations (RVO) while opposing the proposed retroactive reduction of the previously finalized

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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Is Announcing a Virtual Public Hearing to Be Held on January 4, 2022, on Its Proposal for the ‘‘Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Program: RFS Annual Rules,’’ Which Was Signed on December 7, 2021.

(Environmental Protection Agency/Federal Register)  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing a virtual public hearing to be held on January 4, 2022, on its proposal for the ‘‘Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) Program: RFS Annual Rules,’’ which was signed on December

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The Key to a Successful Cellulosic Ethanol Project

by Mallikarjun Navalgund (Praj Industries/Biofuels Digest)  ... Ethanol is a currently available solution and is being deployed to mitigate emissions from the transportation sector via the legacy energy infrastructure that has existed for over a century. The first generation(1G)/conventional ethanol industry

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Ambitious 'Biofuel America' Plan Faces Overhaul in 2022

by Chuck Abbott (Successful Farming) During the ethanol boom of the early 2000s, Congress set an ambitious target of quadrupling the amount of renewable fuel mixed into gasoline for America’s cars and pickup trucks. But while corn ethanol has lived up

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The USDA and Blue Biofuels Collaborate to Optimize Yields of King Grass for Cellulosic Ethanol Production

(Blue Biofuels/Globe Newswire) Blue Biofuels, Inc. (PINK: BIOF) Blue Biofuels, Inc. (the “Company” or “BIOF”) and the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (“USDA ARS”) are collaborating on optimizing the yields of Pennisetum hybridum, commonly known as king grass, a perennial

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The Net Zero Energy Transition: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Iogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) You may know Iogen as the cellulosic ethanol tech and biofuel company, but did you know they are now deploying low-carbon hydrogen? Check out this slide guide from ABLC in San Francisco on net zero

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Ferrari to Use Bioethanol in Its F-1 Cars Next Season

(Biofuels International) Brazilian energy company Raizen and Shell have clinched a deal with Ferrari to supply biofuel to its Formula One team next year. The team will begin using 10% second generation ethanol blend in its fuel from next season. The

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Decarbonizing Transport with Cellulosic Ethanol: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Clariant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you missed the ABLC presentation by Andreas Reindl, Clariant’s Business Line Biofuels & Derivatives, Head of Industrial Enzymes and Technologies, then you won’t want to miss this one! It’s all about sunliquid, Clariant’s cellulosic

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Gevo and Sweetwater Energy Sign MoU to Supply Lignocellulosic Feedstocks to Produce Cellulosic Alcohols and Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Gevo)   Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) is pleased to announce it has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Sweetwater Energy, Inc., regarding the use of sustainably sourced agricultural residues and woody biomass as a feedstock for producing cellulosic alcohols and

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Availability of Advanced, Second-Generation Biofuels Increases – Policymakers Asked to Unleash Their Full Potential

(Clariant/EurActiv) Starting in the fourth quarter of this year, Clariant’s sunliquid® cellulosic ethanol plant in Podari, Romania, will ramp up production in order to produce 50,000 tons of cellulosic ethanol per year. --  Energy prices are soaring and the Commission in

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Dartmouth Next-Generation Biofuels Research Wins Federal Grant

(NH Business Review)  Department of Energy awards $1.2 million to study cellulosic biofuel production  -- A newly awarded $1.2 million, three-year grant from the U.S. Department of Energy will help fund the research of Dartmouth engineering professor Daniel Olson, who is

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Growth Energy Members to Biden: Uphold Your Commitments to Clean Energy

(Growth Energy) During Growth Energy’s virtual fly-in, 87 Growth Energy members sent a letter to President Joe Biden urging him to stand behind his promise to take clear action on climate change by supporting low-carbon biofuels and upholding the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) through strong biofuel

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New Solvents to Break Down Plant Cellulose for Bioethanol

(Science Daily/Kanazawa University) Researchers experimented with different combinations of zwitterionic molecules to produce a solvent that is liquid below 100°C and very effective at breaking down cellulose. This research may lead to much more cost-effective and safe production of biofuels,

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Feinstein, Toomey, Menendez, Collins Introduce Bipartisan Bill to Repeal Ethanol Mandate

(Office of Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)) Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), Pat Toomey (R-Pa.), Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) today introduced the Corn Ethanol Mandate Elimination Act, a bill to end the corn ethanol mandate in the Renewable Fuel Standard. The

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New Energy Freedom Refinery to Produce Carbon-Negative Fuel from America's Ag Wastes

(New Energy Blue/PR Newswire) New Energy Blue announced its planned construction in Iowa of a biomass refinery designed to produce renewable carbon-negative automotive fuel, which replaces gasoline. "Our Iowa project can keep one million tons of CO2 out of the atmosphere every

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We Can Love Electric Cars, but Let’s Not Spurn Biofuels

by Dan Morgan (The Globalist)  Right now, electric cars have the momentum and the “inevitability” narrative on their side. Is the idea of pursuing two paths forward a waste of money?   ... The Biden administration’s ambitious infrastructure proposal sets aside $174

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Advanced Biofuels Feedstock List Should Be Enlarged to Meet EU Target: Industry

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com) The list of EU-approved sustainable fuel sources should be expanded to meet the higher targets for second-generation biofuels under the updated renewable energy directive, according to the advanced biofuels industry. ... The leaked draft also includes an increase

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Engineered Yeast Could Expand Biofuels' Reach

by Anne Trafton (Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Phys.Org) To try to expand biofuels' potential impact, a team of MIT engineers has now found a way to expand the use of a wider range of nonfood feedstocks to produce such fuels. At the

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Aemetis Notified of US Forest Service Grant for Patented Process Enabling Use of Waste Wood for the ‘Carbon Zero’ Jet/Diesel Plant

(Aemetis/Globe Newswire)  Finalizing Grant for “Valorizing Forest Waste for Cellulosic Ethanol Production” to Extract Sugars from Waste Forest and Orchard Wood Using Ionic Liquids Technology Licensed Exclusively to Aemetis from DOE-Funded Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) -- Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a

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From DNA Storage to Net Zero Carbon: The 10 Biggest WOW’s of ABLC’s Closing Day

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, the online sessions of ABLC have drawn to a close. This week, delegates around the world will be joining in the ABLC Lounges for person to person networking. The final day of on-stage presentations

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EPA Seeks Oil, Corn Sectors' Input on Next Phase of U.S. Biofuel Policy -Sources

by Stephanie Kelly (Reuters) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has asked industry groups for their input on the future of the nation's biofuel policy after it ends its current phase in 2022, four sources familiar with the matter said. The consultations will

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Sustainable Biofuel from P1 Racing Fuels to Power FIA WTCR

(FIA World Touring Car Cup) The WTCR − FIA World Touring Car Cup will be powered by sustainable fuel from this season following confirmation of partnership agreements between P1 Racing Fuels, motorsport governing body the FIA and WTCR promoter Eurosport Events. Berlin-based

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Byogy Commissions Sustainable Low Carbon Jet Fuel Plant in Japan Advancing 'Alcohol to Jet' to Zero Carbon

(Biogy/PR Newswire) Byogy Renewables Inc., the original architect of the "Alcohol to Jet" (ATJ) process for the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), has built, and is now commissioning, one of the world's largest ATJ demonstration facilities converting cellulosic bioethanol into

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Thune, Shaheen Reintroduce Bill to Advance Renewable Fuel Technologies

(Office of Senator John Thune (R-SD)) Bill would require EPA to approve proven technologies, expedite review of others -- U.S. Sens. John Thune (R-S.D.) and Jeanne Shaheen (D-N.H.) today reintroduced their bipartisan legislation to approve certain advanced biofuel registrations that have gone without approval by

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Green Plains Announces Clean Sugar Project in Nebraska

(Green Plains/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Green Plains Inc. and Ospraie Management today announced that recently acquired Fluid Quip Technologies is engineering and constructing a fully scalable commercial Clean Sugar Technology production facility at the Green Plains York Innovation Center. This technology effectively

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Top 10 Bioeconomy Must-Knows in the Biden Transition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who are the key bioeconomy players in the new Biden Administration? What recent moves by the outgoing Trump Administration and Congress will set their budget and regulatory framework for 2021. What will the new Administration

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Drop-in Sustainable Aviation Fuel: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Red Rock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Red Rock Biofuels’ 8-year offtake agreements with FedEx and Southwest Airlines are driving the advanced biofuels production facility to convert waste woody biomass into renewable drop-in jet, diesel and gasoline blendstock fuels at a conversion

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EU’s Sustainable Transport Strategy Backed by EWABA

(Biofuels International)  EWABA has welcomed the EU Commission’s adoption of the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy. This document puts forward the Commission’s ambitious vision to decarbonise the transport sector as new legislative laws come into force in the coming year

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The Big, Big Package: What’s under the Christmas Tree for the Bioeconomy, in the $1.4T New Spending Bill?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The $1.4 trillion spending package includes appropriation for Fiscal Year 2021, the COVID stimulus package, extensions of popular tax credits that otherwise expired on December 31st, and the Energy Act of 2020, a $35B version

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Biofuels Included in Ag Provisions of COVID Relief Deal Moving through Congress

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, the chairman of the House Agriculture Committee announced the food and agriculture provisions of the latest COVID relief deal moving through the House and Senate this week include payments to producers of advanced biofuel,

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First Delivery: AustroCel Hallein Supplies OMV with Advanced Bioethanol

(OMV) The test run of the world’s largest bioethanol plant based on wood has proven successful; OMV and AustroCel start cooperation with second-generation bioethanol; 1.5 million liters a month of the advanced biofuel will be delivered from January 2021; Substituting

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Carbon Intensity Is Important for Renewable Fuels Investments

by Dave Collings (1898 & Co./Burns & McDonnell) As developers, investors and plant operators explore options to increase production and market share of renewable fuels, the concept of carbon intensity (CI) must be well-understood. It might be the deciding factor that

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Enel Green Power and Maire Tecnimont Group’s NextChem Sign MoU for a Green Hydrogen Production Plant in the United States

(Enel Green Power)  The MoU is related to a project for the production of green hydrogen via electrolysis using renewable energy from an Enel Green Power solar plant in the United States; The project, which is expected to be operational

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How to Move Your Business Forward in a Time of Too Much Ethanol

by Jim Ramm (EcoEngineers)  Many hardships facing ethanol producers, but there is a silver lining  --  ... A silver lining in this near-perfect storm is the ability to lower the life cycle carbon emissions of ethanol and take advantage of

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Growth Energy Applauds Streamlining Advanced Biofuels Registration Act of 2020

(Growth Energy) Today, U.S. Representatives Cheri Bustos (D-IL) and Jim Hagedorn (R-MN) introduced the Streamlining Advanced Biofuels Registration Act of 2020 to encourage low-carbon fuel production and increase production of cellulosic biomass into renewable fuels. This legislation would expedite the approval process

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Cellulosic Biogas Markets and Applications: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Iogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  One of the top 5 registered producers of cellulosic biofuel in the U.S., Iogen’s Brian Foody shared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC 2020 on what cellulosic biogas is and how is it used today,

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Shell Takes off with New SAF Deal alongside Red Rock

(Biofuels International)  Red Rock and Shell have entered into a cellulosic fuel purchase and sale agreement. The agreement will see Shell purchase Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and cellulosic renewable diesel fuel from Red Rock’s new biorefinery in Lakeview, Oregon. Shell will

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New RIN Futures Launch Nodal, IncubEx to Launch 8 New Physically Delivered RIN Futures

(DTN Progressive Farmer) Nodal Exchange, a derivatives exchange, and IncubEx on Friday, Oct. 9, announced the upcoming launch of eight new Renewable Identification Number futures and options contracts. Pending regulatory review, Nodal will launch the first-ever physically delivered futures contracts on

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Switching to Switchgrass – Will DOE and USDA Funding Turn Switchgrass into a Rockstar Biofuel Feedstock?

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... So as we look for better biofuel feedstocks, we look at switchgrass because of new U.S. Department of Energy AND U.S. Department of Agriculture funding to study it for biofuels. Could it be

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Climate Plan Addresses Potential of Biofuels, Bioenergy

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The Senate Democrats Climate Committee released a new report on Aug. 25 that details how climate action by Congress can create new jobs and grow the U.S. economy. Biofuels and bioenergy are among the topics

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Study Predicts Climate Benefits Stemming from the Use of Advanced Biofuels

(AZO CleanTech/Colorado State University) Biofuel and bioenergy systems are integral to scenarios for displacing fossil fuel use and producing negative emissions through carbon capture and storage. But the net greenhouse gas mitigation benefit of these systems has been controversial, due to

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Follow the Rainbow! The Digest Interview: Dr. Chaudhari at Praj Industries on 2020 and What the Future Holds

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... The recent launch of Praj’s Bio-Prism platform comprises of renewable chemicals and materials (RCM) solutions and promises sustainability while reimagining nature. We are witnessing strong interest from various stakeholders and some of the

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Biofuels Digest Published Library of Recorded Presentations on Multitude of Bioeconomy Topics

(Biofuels Digest)  Recorded presentations for your on-demand review and enjoyment. Just Pick and Click! On BioChannelTV RENEWABLE DIESEL & DME Saola Energy - Adam Belyamani Axens- David Schwalje Oberon - Rebecca Boudreaux Honeywell UOP-Dan Szeezil NextChem-Valerio Coppini Velocys - Jeff McDaniel   ENGINE TECH What if everything with a

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point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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