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Evaluation of Bio-Derived Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (Bio-SPK)

by  Dr. James D. Kinder and Timothy Rahmes (The Boeing Company)  ... Virgin Atlantic paved the way with its proof of concept flight powered by biofuel in February 2008.  Since that time, a broader range of fuels have become available

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

A Global Overview of Vegetable Oils, with Reference to Biodiesel

IEA Bioenergy Task 40 commissioned a study on a global overview of bio-oils (vegetable and palm oil) to: i) assess major producers and consumers of vegetables oils, ii) main emerging markets, iii) analyze main policy drivers, iv) assess future trends

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 Passes House

By a margin of 219 to 212, the American clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 passed the US House of Representatives on Friday evening, June 26.  The next stop is the US Senate where, because it is significant legislation, it will likely

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

Abundant Biofuels Corporation Offers Low-Cost, Long-Term Contracts to Supply Jatropha Oil to U.S. Refiners With Under-Capacity Production Problems

Dr. Charles Fishel, Chairman of Abundant Biofuels Corporation, noted that "There are about 100 biodiesel refineries operating below capacity and another 47 idle refineries in the United States, alone." To help solve this problem, Abundant Biofuels provides standardized long-term contracts

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

Life Cycle Assessment of Biofuels from Jatropha curcas in West Africa: a Field Study

by Robert Ndong, Mireille Montrejaud-Vignoles, Oliver Saint Girons, Benoit Gabrielle, Roland Pirot, marjorie Domergue and Caroline Sablayrolles (Global Change Biology Bioenergy)   In recent years, liquid biofuels for transport have benefited from significant political support due to their potential role in curbing

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

China Recruits Algae to Combat Climate Change

by Jonathan Watts (The Guardian)  Chinese firm behind ambitious plan to breed microalgae in greenhouse with the potential to absorb carbon emissions ...Developed by a groundbreaking Chinese firm, ENN, the greenhouse is a bioreactor that breeds microalgae, one of the fastest

June 30, 2009 Read Full Article

U.S. Pulp-Maker Pioneers New Biofuel

by Jason Szep  (Reuters)  From the outside, the rustic red-brick mill on a bend in Maine's Penobscot River resembles any other struggling American pulp and paper mill.  But along with its usual business of pulp-making, the century-old mill is doing something

June 29, 2009 Read Full Article

The New Roadmap for Measuring & Valuing Carbon in the Agribusiness Sector

  by Dawson Williams (Clear Carbon Consulting)  Agribusiness is a Significant Source of Carbon Emissions and Potential Reduction Opportunities It is widely acknowledged that production agriculture, such as livestock rearing, crop cultivation, timber production, and ornamental horticulture production, contributes a significant

June 29, 2009 Read Full Article

From Soy to Mulit-Feedstock Biodiesel Plant in Minnesota

Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced today that USDA Rural Development has approved a $25 million loan to enable a Minnesota biodiesel facility to diversify its operations and significantly expand the production of advanced biofuels.  "The investment announced today helps fulfill

June 29, 2009 Read Full Article

Amyris Opens Renewable Products Demonstration Facility in Brazil

Amyris Brasil Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Ltda., a wholly owned subsidiary of Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc., today announced the opening of the Amyris Renewable Products Demonstration Facility in Campinas. The facility, located in the midst of the sugar cane processing industry, secures

June 29, 2009 Read Full Article

Roadsters Embrace Green Racing

by Doug Dollemore, American Chemical Society Fast and green. That's what it takes to get to the winner's circle in a new type of auto racing. Called green racing, it's a meshing of the fast and furious world of auto racing

June 29, 2009 Read Full Article

House Ag Committee Chair Reaches Climate Change Bill Agreement

 House Agriculture Committee Chairman Collin C. Peterson issued the following statement on an agreement with House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Henry Waxman on the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. "We have reached an agreement that works for

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

Jatropha Can Raise Rural Incomes--Phillippine Study

by Rudy A. Fernandez, Checkbiotech      Rural households can increase their income by growing jatropha.  Attesting to this is a study done by the University of the Philippines Los Baños-College of Forestry and Natural Resources (UPLB-CFNR).  Conducted by Dr. Nena

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

A Fair Accounting of Greenhouse Gases For All Potential Transportation Fuels

by Bob Dinneen, Renewable Fuels Association It is troubling--and, at the same time, sadly amusing--that an enterprising reporter at USA Today has done more homework on the possible indirect effects of increased renewable electricity generation than scores of analysts at

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

Resources Lost if Congress Fails to Broaden Definition of Renewable Biomass

Efforts continue to amend federal policy and widen the availability of renewable biomass resources that would be available from agriculture and forestry to meet the nation’s renewable energy goals. A number of advocacy groups and their allies in Congress are

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

California’s Looming Showdown over Waste Feedstocks

by Biofuels Digest special correspondent Scott Miller    A showdown is looming in the California State Senate this summer over an issue that is at the heart of the nationwide drive to develop and deploy bioenergy conversion technologies.   In a state

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

Biofuels and Greenhouse Gas Emissions on a Collision Course

by  Dr. Robert Wisner,   Biofuels Economist,   Ag Marketing Resource Center,   Iowa State University The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (1) requires a gradual increase in the volume of various kinds of biofuels to be blended with U.S. motor

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

Manila OKs Pacific BioFields Holdings to Plant Biofuel Coconut

Pacific Bio-Fields Holdings Plc said it has received approval to use 400,000 hectares of land to plant coconut trees in the Philippines to make alternative auto fuel, which it aims to sell to Japanese users in five years. The company, which

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

University of Florida IFAS, Buckeye Technologies and Myriant Announce Next Generation Cellulosic Ethanol Research and Demonstration Plant

The University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Buckeye Technologies Inc. and Myriant Technologies LLC (formed by BioEnergy International, LLC) have announced plans for a research and demonstration plant that will explore ways to harness byproducts from some

June 24, 2009 Read Full Article

US Dept. of Energy Requests Information for Algal Biofuels Roadmap

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is issuing this RFI to solicit feedback on the Draft “National Algal Biofuels Technology Roadmap” Document. This Draft Roadmap was prepared by a working group commissioned by DOE. Feedback will be incorporated into the

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

AuStar Reports on Jatropha Growth Management Trials in Indonesia

Jatropha has been labeled the most likely crop for future biofuels. However, it suffers from low seed yield and high plant growth. A comprehensive series of trials has been conducted in Indonesia using AuStar's  paclobutrazol to solve these major issues.   The

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Boeing, UOP Release Biofuels Flight Data

At the Paris Air Show, Boeing and a series of partners involved in four biofuels-based test flights released the data from the tests, and said that with the release they are on a path towards flight certification of biofuels as

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

GreenGold Ray Energies Aims to More Than Double Its Jatropha Crude Oil Output by 2011

Green Gold Ray Energies, Inc., aims to double its jatropha crude oil output by 2011 through continuous increase yields of jatropha feedstocks, while the company increases its jatropha plantations. The jatropha plantations are expanding from 5,000 hectares to over 30,000

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Germany's Chemical Industry Looks at Switching to Biomass

by Jane Burgermeister (Renewable Energy World)     Germany's chemical industry -- the world's third biggest -- depends on fossil fuels for its products. But a new research center to be built in Germany's industrial heartland Leuna in Saxony Anhalt may help to

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Stinkweed Used as Biodiesel Feedstock in Illinois

Biofuels Manufacturers of Illinois believes that Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) has the potential to go from “weed to wonder-fuel”. The company is working with farmers, university and government researchers to transform Pennycress into an advanced energy crop grown to produce biodiesel. 

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Atlantic Biomass Conversions Proposes "Follow-the-Crop" System

Instead of bringing sufficient supplies of biomass to processing facilities, Atlantic Biomass Conversions, Inc., proposes taking decentralized enzymatic conversion units to the crops. Following the model of wheat harvesting combines that follow the harvest season, they will develop a "Follow-the-Crop"

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

EdeniQ Grows Improved Energy Crops in California’s Central Valley

EdeniQ, a California-based technology company serving the global biofuels industry, announced that it has begun a multi-year, field-to-fuel trial to evaluate low-carbon, non-food energy crops, like switchgrass, in California’s Central Valley. The company’s pilot-scale field trial of switchgrass was planted

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Commercialization of Algae Studied

Emerging Markets has released Algae 2020 a 460-page study on algae biofuels markets, strategies and the commercialization outlook.   The Algae 2020 study observes algal biomass can produce multiple fuels from a single feedstock, including biodiesel ethanol, biocrude, renewable diesel, renewable

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest Publishes Special Algae Biofuels Report

Biofuels Digest published a special report on algae biofuels and CO2 sources, including an analysis of power plant fuel gas. "In the world of biofuels, algae is under the spotlight" writes Biofuels Digest special correspondent Sam Rushing in a report on

June 23, 2009 Read Full Article

Air Transport Action Group Publishes Beginners Guide to Aviation Biofuels

One of the most exciting developments for aviation is the use of sustainable biofuels to replace the standard kerosene, or Jet-A, fuel that is currently being used. It is clear that our industry’s dependence on fossil fuels is not sustainable,

June 18, 2009 Read Full Article

Prospects for Chilean Coastal Algae as Energy Feedstock under Review

Biofuels Digest summarizes conversations from its LinkedIn Group about development of Chilean coastal algae and biodiesel developments in other South American countries.   READ MORE

June 18, 2009 Read Full Article

Sugar Cane and Cassavas Feedstock for Vietnam Bioethanol Plant

An engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract worth around US$ 60 million for building a bio-ethanol plant was signed between the Petrolchemical and Bio Fuel Joint Stock Company (PVB) under the National Oil and Gas Group (Petrovietnam) and a joint

June 18, 2009 Read Full Article

Florida Plans Next-Generation Biofuels Plant

Plans for a new cellulosic ethanol research and demonstration plant to be built by the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences are being revamped for a location closer to Gainesville. IFAS officials announced today that they have modified

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Agragen to Increase Oil Content in Camelina

Agragen, a leader in using biotechnology to modify Camelina sativa to increase agronomically desirable traits, announces the acquisition of intellectual property rights that will increase oil content in the second generation oilseed crop.  Through an agreement with the University of

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Advances in Wheat-Based Biofuel in England

by Nidaa Bakhsh.  (Bloomberg) -- Ensus Ltd. is preparing to start production at Britain’s first wheat-based bio-ethanol plant as the country increases requirements for cleaner-burning fuel.   “Construction is nearly complete” on the plant at Wilton in Teesside, northeast England, Ensus Chief

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Wheat-to-Ethanol Refinery Being Built in North East England

The Ensus Group is building Europe’s largest wheat refinery at Wilton on Teesside in North East England.  When completed in 2009, it will use locally grown animal feed wheat to produce over 400 million litres of bioethanol, 350 thousand tones

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Sudan Inaugurates Biofuel Plant

Sudan will begin producing ethanol from sugar cane with a target of 200 million litres in two years, President Omar al-Beshir said on Wednesday at the inauguration of a new plant.  State company Kenana, which already makes sugar and molasses,

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Shell First to Sell Gasoline Blended with Advanced Biofuel

From today, customers at a Shell service station will become the first in the world to fill their tanks with gasoline containing advanced biofuel made from wheat straw. For one month starting June 10, the regular gasoline purchased at a Shell

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Ethanol Used at 24 Hours of Le Mans Race

Shell is demonstrating its commitment to fuels innovation and the development of sustainable, low-carbon fuels with the blending of 10% cellulosic ethanol into its Shell V-Power race fuel at the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, in France on 13

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Finland Tests Biomass Derived Bio-Oil for Heat, Power, Biodiesel

Metso and UPM have developed a new concept for the production of biomass-based bio-oil to replace fossil fuels in heating and power generation. Test production will begin at Metso's test plant in Tampere, Finland, in June 2009. Bio-oil can be manufactured

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Study Planned of Brazilian Sugarcane Bagasse as Cellulosic Ethanol Feedstock

by Lisa Gibson, Biomass Magazine.   Brazil could produce 4.6 billion to 8.2 billion liters (1.2 billion to 2.2 billion gallons) of biofuel from sugarcane residue by 2020, in addition to that made from sugar itself, according to a recently released

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Novozymes' New Product Family Hydrolyzes Cellulosic Feedstock

"Novozymes’ latest products for second-generation ethanol production are much better than anything previously seen on the market,” says Cynthia Bryant, Global Marketing Manager, Biomass industry at Novozymes. “While this in itself is a giant leap forward for the biofuel industry,

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest Provides Overview of EPA ILUC Hearings

In Washington,  National Biodiesel Board public affairs heard Manning Feraci said that the EISA Act required the EPA  to conduct a lifecycle analysis of biofuels as part of the Renewable Fuel Standard’s implementation, but said that “This does not require

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

BIO Focuses on Advanced Biofuels Asking EPA to Maintain Flexibility in Life Cycle Analysis for Renewable Fuel Standard

Large uncertainties in calculating international land use change effects and associated greenhouse gas emissions remain in the Environmental Protection Agency's life cycle assessment of biofuels for the Renewable Fuel Standard. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) today asked EPA to maintain

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

US Department of Commerce Awards First Exclusive Bioreactor Patent to ATI Petroleum

ATI Petroleum, a petroleum exploration management and operations company, announced that the US Department of Commerce awarded the first patent on bioreactor technology to ATI Petroleum.  The bioreactor technology was created through a collaborative effort with the US Department of Energy,

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Lignol Awarded $3.4 Million in Funding from British Columbia’s Liquid Fuels from Biomass Program

Lignol Energy Corporation a cellulosic ethanol and biorefining company, announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Lignol Innovations Ltd., has been awarded $3.4 million in funding to produce cellulosic ethanol and other biochemical products from under-utilized forest resources, including lodgepole pine killed

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Lignol Announces Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from New Biorefinery Pilot Plant

Lignol Energy Corporation, a cellulosic ethanol and biorefining company, announced it has completed the first end-to-end production of cellulosic ethanol from its fully integrated industrial-scale biorefinery pilot plant in Burnaby, British Columbia. This production of cellulosic ethanol from Canadian woodchips followed the

June 17, 2009 Read Full Article

Indonesian Government Not Serious in Developing Biofuels : researcher

The government is not serious in supporting the development of biofuel as an alternative energy source in the country, a biofuel researcher said.  "There is no point in developing biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel if the effort is not

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Minnesota Biodiesel Law Boosts Demand and Irks Indonesia

Minnesota legislation currently requires 5% biodiesel content in all diesel fuel sold in the state, with provisions to increase that total to 20% by 2012. 80 million gallons of biodiesel will be needed by 2012. Since state production is currently

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Sneak Peak! Ford's "Bobcat" Dual Fuel Engine

by Mike Levine.   A radical twin-fuel engine from Ford, code-named “Bobcat," that variably blends gasoline and ethanol on demand to realize diesel-like performance continues to make steady progress in its development, according to presentations made by the automaker to the

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Production Increasing as Columbian Government Mandates E-85 Capability.

USDA's Foreign Agriculture Service has confirmed that the Colombian government has issued a decree that beginning in 2012 all new vehicles must bear E-85 flex-fuel technology. Biofuels blend goals of E-10 and B-5 are expected to be reached by 2010

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Solarix Launches Sustainer

by Bas Vlugt.  'The Sustainer is a containerised installation which can be used in rural areas to convert oil-bearing crops and seeds into edible oil and biodiesel. The seeds are stored in an integrated bunker which feeds the oil press.

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

SG Biofuels Discovers Cold-Tolerant Jatropha; May Open US for More Cultivation

In California, SG Biofuels announced that it has identified multiple strains of cold tolerant Jatropha capable of thriving in climates outside the crop’s traditional subtropical habitat.  The strains are included among thousands of variations of Jatropha curcas the firm has

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Harkin: Indirect Land Use Won't Stand Up to Scientific Scrutiny

by Dan Looker.  Talking to reporters, Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Tom Harkin (D-IA) said he doubts that the final rule from the Environmental Protection Agency on a new renewable fuel standard will have the same use of indirect land use that

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Spanish Company Touts Process to Turn Urban Waste into Biodiesel

 by Ron Kotrba.   A group of Spanish developers working under the company name Ecofasa, headed by chief executive officer and inventor Francisco Angulo, has developed a biochemical process to turn urban solid waste into a fatty acid biodiesel feedstock. “It

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Pelosi, US House Farm Chief Discuss Climate Bill

Speaker Nancy Pelosi met the House Agriculture Committee chairman Collin Peterson to discuss the climate change bill that he opposes but which is a priority for House Democrats this year.  ... Peterson announced opposition to the climate bill a month ago

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Renewed World Energies Takes Algae to Another Level of Green

by Susan Wilson.  Algae has been cultivated primarily as a source of biofuel, but Renewed World Energies (RWE) is taking it one step further.  The company wants to clean up power plant and industrial plant emissions using algae and then

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Western Biofuels Introduces New Process

by Susanne Retka Schill.   Western Biofuels Inc. released the results of an independent validation test and announced plans to build a 1.4 MMgy demonstration plant for a new biofuel process. Fuel chemist Nicholas Irving, president and founder of Western Biofuels,

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

European Body Sees Algae Fuel Industry in 10-15 Years

Industrial-scale production of bioenergy from algae, or seaweeds, can be expected in 10 to 15 years, helping Europe to reach its green energy targets, the top official at a newly created bioenergy body said on Wednesday. ...  Research into algae-made

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

“Drama Building for Biofuels in California”: a Biofuels Digest Special Report

Being a standard-bearer requires heroic endeavors, and perhaps inevitably, epic miscalculations as well.  This is the situation of the California Air Resources Board (ARB) in its recent announcement of the Low Carbon Fuel Standard for alternative fuels .” For so long the

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Gold Star to Cultivate Five Million Acres of Land for Biofuels in Ghana

Gold Star Biofuels a subsidiary of Gold Star Farms Ltd., is cultivating five million acres of land in Ghana to plant jatropha for the production of biofuels for export.  According to the firm it has secured commitment from farmers to

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Ghana’s Jatropha Conundrum – More Questions than Answers

Ghana is becoming the Jatropha centre in Africa south of the Sahara. The attraction which the country has as a welcoming place for investors interested in the wonder plant, Jatropha which hopefully, would be the world’s answer to alternative energy

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Straw-based Ethanol Eyed for Saskatchewan Mill Site

A shuttered pulp mill at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan could be the new site for a facility to make cellulosic ethanol from farmers' cereal straw.  Saskatchewan's provincial government on Monday inked a letter of intent with Domtar, owner of the pulp

June 16, 2009 Read Full Article

Prairie Grass Experiment at Fermilab's Campus

As part of an effort to develop a new collection of alternative fuels, ecologist Julie Jastrow and her colleagues from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago planted seven different combinations of native

June 03, 2009 Read Full Article

Biomass 2009 Conference Presentations Available Online

Every spring, the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Biomass Program hosts a FREE 2-day conference and expo exploring biomass as an energy source.   The Biomass Program works with industry, academia and national laboratory partners

June 03, 2009 Read Full Article

Suggestions to Improve ARPA-E

Robert Kozak, Advanced Biofuels USA board member and president of Atlantic Biomass Conversions, Inc., has written to US Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu with suggestions for improving the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) with particular attention to the procedures

June 03, 2009 Read Full Article

ARPA-E Not Showing Meaningful Flexibility for “Companies Who Do Not Traditionally Work with the Federal Government”

ARPA-E is a new organization within the Department of Energy (DOE), created specifically to foster research and development (R&D) of transformational energy-related technologies.  ... ARPA-E was created to fund scientists and technologists taking immature technologies that promise to make a large

June 02, 2009 Read Full Article

Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy Partially Extends Deadline

The deadline for applications submissions for this first solicitation for the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E). ARPA-E  has been extended to June 10.  However, the deadline to obtain control number  required to apply has not been extended.  READ

June 02, 2009 Read Full Article

NYT Reports Plant-Derived Fuels Could Be Certified for Fights within a Year, Says Boeing Exec

Katie Howell:  Jet fuels derived from algae, camelina and jatropha -- plants that pack an energy punch, are not eaten as food and do not displace food crops -- could be approved and replacing petroleum fuels in commercial flights as

June 02, 2009 Read Full Article

National Algae Association Forms Buying Consortium

The National Algae Association is building a buying consortium to help its members build algae farms and production plants more cost efficiently. NAA staff are meeting with various equipment and service providers to negotiate the best prices and terms for NAA members to help drive down their

June 02, 2009 Read Full Article

UN Event Focuses on Advanced Biofuels Development in Dominican Republic, Way to Fight Poverty

The Public-Private Alliance Foundation (PPAF) held its Third Annual "Partners Against Poverty" event at the UN with 45 high-level participants and observers representing five countries (Brazil, Dominican Republic, USA, Honduras and Haiti) to discuss business innovations in the development and production of

June 01, 2009 Read Full Article

Rye "Grassohol" Project Funded in Wales

SCIENTISTS in Wales are working on a ground-breaking £1m scheme to turn grass into fuel.  The Assembly Government- backed “grassohol” project aims to develop a commercially viable way to make ethanol which is used as an alternative to petrol.  The

June 01, 2009 Read Full Article

Ohio Awards $5 Million Grant for 3rd Generation Biofuels Technology

Velocys, Inc. (“Velocys”), has been awarded a $5 million commercialisation grant, applicable over a period of two and a half years. The grant will assist in commercialising the Oxford Catalysts Group’s microchannel technology for hydro-processing − an important step in

June 01, 2009 Read Full Article

DTN and The Guardian/Greenpeace Report on Brazil Deforestation

By Kieran Gartlan (DTN):  The transformation began last year when a controversial study was published in Science Magazine by environmentalist Tim Searchinger. It introduced the innocuous four-letter acronym ILUC, or Indirect Land Use Change.  According to ILUC theory, corn used for

June 01, 2009 Read Full Article

Ardent Energy to Acquire 15,000 Hectares in Ethiopia for Jatropha Biodiesel

Biofuels Digest reports that in Ethiopia, Ardent Energy Group announced an agreement with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MOARD) of Ethiopia to transfer 15,000 hectares, approximately 37,000 acres, to AEG for the purpose of cultivating jatropha and castor. 

June 01, 2009 Read Full Article
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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing 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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic 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