(Baylor University/Mirage News) In new research published in the journal Fuel , Baylor University researchers with the Cornerstone Atomization and Combustion Lab (CAC) have unveiled a pioneering method for the efficient combustion of biofuels, using a revolutionary Swirl Burst (SB) injector to burn
glycerol
Back TO HOMENew Catalyst Converts Glycerol into Bio-Based Propylene
by Lexie Corner (AZO Materials) Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have developed a new catalyst that efficiently converts a glycerol derivative into bio-based propylene, supporting the production of sustainable chemicals. Efficiently utilizing biomass from renewable sources is essential for achieving carbon neutrality. Glycerol,
October 01, 2024 Read Full Article
Renewable Diesel (HEFA) Plant Conversions for Maximum SAF Production
by Mark Robertson (Lee Enterprises/Biofuels Digest) Renewable diesel (“RD”) and sustainable aviation fuel (“SAF”) can be produced by hydrotreating virtually any type of biogenic feedstock lipid (oil). In processes involving hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (“HEFA” processes), the most common feedstocks
January 24, 2024 Read Full Article
New Research Could Make Turning Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel Easier and Quicker
(De Montfort University Leicester) Researchers at De Montfort University Leicester (DMU) have pioneered a new manufacturing process which could make the creation of biofuel from waste cooking oil faster and more efficient. Professor Katherine Huddersman, Dr Rawaz Ahmed, Saana Rashid, and Ketan
January 08, 2024 Read Full Article
Researcher Develops Better Ways to Convert CO2 and Biofuel Byproducts into Valuable Chemicals
by Bev Betkowski (University of Alberta/Phys.Org) A University of Alberta researcher has developed better ways to convert carbon dioxide, a harmful greenhouse gas, and glycerol, a leftover of biodiesel production, into value-added materials with wide-ranging uses including liquid hydrogen storage. The pair
October 10, 2023 Read Full Article
Aston University Research Pioneers Making Renewable Hydrogen and Propane Fuel Gases from Glycerol
(Aston University) Research shows way forward for making renewable hydrogen from glycerol • Crude glycerol from biodiesel production plants cheap and abundant • Could benefit the environment and reduce reliance on fuel imports. Aston University research has shown the way forward for making renewable
September 28, 2023 Read Full Article
Glycerol: A Byproduct of Biodiesel as an Alternative Ingredient for Livestock?
(NutriNews) Glycerol, also known as glycerin, can be obtained through biodiesel production from vegetable oils or animal fats. Through a process called “transesterification,” the fatty acids are separated from glycerol and re-esterified into an alcohol known as methanol, leaving glycerol
June 16, 2023 Read Full Article
Lootah Biofuels and Partners Working in Line with UAE's Sustainability Efforts
(Lootah Biofuels/Zawya) Top 10 partners contribute to recycling around 160,000 litres of used cooking oil per month - Lootah Biofuels, a leading circular economy company producing biofuel from cooking oil in the UAE, has highlighted its partnerships in providing used cooking oil
June 05, 2023 Read Full Article
ORLEN Południe Plant Makes Propylene Glycol Production More Sustainable Based on BASF Technology
(BASF) • BASF’s state-of-the-art process converts glycerol to renewable propylene glycol (BioPG) The project with ORLEN Południe has been executed in partnership with Air Liquide Engineering & Construction ORLEN Południe utilized BASF’s commercially proven process technology and proprietary H9-66 catalyst
May 30, 2023 Read Full Article
Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel: What’s the Difference?
by Maria Gerveni, Scott Irwin, Todd Hubbs (University of Illinois and U.S. Department of Agriculture/FarmDocDaily) Biomass-based diesel has long played an important role in compliance with the U.S. Renewable Fuels (RFS) mandates (e.g., farmdoc daily, July 19, 2017). The two main types of
February 13, 2023 Read Full Article
Biofuels as an Indispensable Component of Security of Supply
by Dieter Bockey (UFOP/Biofuels Digest) ... The production of sustainable biofuels from oilseeds and cereals, with their production of essential co-products for food and animal feed, is an integral element of the entire food chain, because biofuel production, measured in
April 06, 2022 Read Full Article
Engineers Discover Way to Turn Organic Waste into Renewable Biofuel Additives Using Radiation
(Science Daily/Lancaster University) The renewable proportion of petrol is set to increase to 20 per cent over the coming years, meaning the discovery of a new production pathway for these additives could help in the fight to cut carbon dioxide
September 23, 2021 Read Full Article
More of the Fuel, Twice the Food: Microbiogen’s Yeast Breakthrough
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) For years, it’s been ‘food vs fuel,” a claim that has plagued ethanol producers, that somehow producing fuel from crops would lead to less food production, and anti-ethanol forces painted pictures of mass starvation and land
August 04, 2021 Read Full Article
IIT-G Develops Method to Transform Industrial Wastes into Chemicals
(The Tribune) The Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT-G) on Monday said its researchers have formulated efficient 'pincer' catalytic systems that transform industrial/biomass wastes into valuable chemicals. According to the research team, tiny amounts of these 'pincer catalysts' repeatedly convert large amounts
November 17, 2020 Read Full Article
Bioliquids and Their Use in Power Generation – A Technology Review
by T.Seljak, M.Buffi, A.Valera-Medina, C.T.Chong, D.Chiaramonti, T.Katrašnik (Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews) -A systematic and holistic assessment of relevant properties of bioliquids. -New technical advances of piston engines and micro gas turbines using bioliquids. -A detailed analysis of required power
June 03, 2020 Read Full Article
Bill Gates-Led Fund Invests in Synthetic Palm Oil Startup
by Akshat Rathi (Bloomberg Green) C16 Biosciences uses yeast to convert food waste and industrial byproducts into a sustainable alternative. Breakthrough Energy Ventures, helmed by Bill Gates, is leading an investment round of $20 million for C16 Biosciences, a New York-based startup, which
April 01, 2020 Read Full Article
Bioenergy Retrofits for Europe’s Industry – Handbook Published
(Netzwerk Biotreibstoffe) The BIOFIT consortium has now published a handbook on “Technical options for retrofitting industries with bioenergy”. The handbook includes arguments for retrofitting, describes the retrofitting process and its impact on public perception, summarizes the European biomass potential and logistics
April 01, 2020 Read Full Article
New Ecological Process for Producing Cheaper Biofuel
(Institut national de la recherche scientifique/Phys.Org) Professors Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi and Patrick Drogui, researchers at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), have developed a new approach to biodiesel production that uses microbes, sewage sludge, and a biofuel byproduct. ... Plants
March 03, 2020 Read Full Article
From a By-Product of the Biodiesel Industry to Sustainable Production of a Valuable Chemical
(Tokyo Institute of Technology/Phys.Org) ... However, biodiesel synthesis produces excessive amounts of glycerol (C3H8O3); it is estimated than the biodiesel industry in Europe alone produces a surplus of 1.4 million tons of glycerol, which cannot be sold to other industries. If glycerol
January 09, 2020 Read Full Article
Cracking the Code of Bacteria: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to MicroByre’s Engineered Bacteria
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) “Working with only E.coli is like feeding dogs grass to make milk,” said Dr. Sarah Richardson during this presentation given at ABLC NEXT in San Francisco. With a background in genomes, she shared insight into
January 07, 2020 Read Full Article
Gevo Reaches Joint Development Agreement to Explore Converting Plant Sugars into Fuel
by Andrew Kessel (Proactive Investors) The plan is to investigate the potential of sugars and glycerol derived from cellulose to be converted into hydrocarbon molecules for use in fuels or chemicals --Gevo Inc (NASDAQ:GEVO), a renewable fuels company, announced Tuesday
September 11, 2019 Read Full Article
Ayas Renewables Completes Definitive Engineering for Glycerin to Bio-Renewable Propylene Glycol Plant
(Ayas Renewables/PR NewsWire) New Facility To Showcase US Presidential Green Chemistry Award-Winning Process That Provides 99.9% Pure, Bio-Renewable Propylene Glycol At Competitive Price -- Ayas Renewables, Inc. has completed definitive engineering and is in the process of final site selection for a
July 23, 2019 Read Full Article
LPG Industry Aims for 100% Transition to BioLPG by 2040
(Liquid Gas UK) Full switch to bioLPG could deliver up to 90% reduction in carbon emissions; Liquid Gas UK calls for re-think on EPC methodology; Trade association announces re-brand from UKLPG to Liquid Gas UK Liquid Gas UK, the newly re-branded trade
July 05, 2019 Read Full Article
MicroNiche Engineering: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Microvi
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Microvi has a vision of safe water, sustainable chemicals and a clean environment for all. How they do this is through their exclusive MicroNiche Engineering platform which combines material science and microbiology to provide novel, fit-for-process biocatalyst
May 28, 2019 Read Full Article
Indian Perspective on Bioenergy: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to IndianOil Corp.
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) IndianOil has a 33,000-plus work-force, extensive refining, distribution & marketing infrastructure and advanced R&D facilities. In the country’s pursuit of alternative sources of energy, IndianOil is focusing on CNG (compressed natural gas), Autogas (LPG), ethanol blended
May 15, 2019 Read Full Article
Reducing Energy Required to Convert CO2 Waste into Valuable Resources
(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign/Phys.Org) Surplus industrial carbon dioxide creates an opportunity to convert waste into a valuable commodity. Excess CO2 can be a feedstock for chemicals typically derived from fossil fuels, but the process is energy-intensive and expensive. University of
April 26, 2019 Read Full Article
Biodiesel By-Product Helps Fuel Come Clean
(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.org) ... This work on glycerol carbonate also supports Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 initiative, which aims to diversify the Kingdom's economy from its current reliance on the oil industry. (Binod) Giri explains that this research
December 05, 2018 Read Full Article
Birth of an Industrial Sugars Giant? Sugars in Focus in Leaf Resources, Petronas Agreement
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) We hear from Australia and Malaysia that PETRONAS Chemicals Group and Leaf Resources inked a Memorandum of Understanding for Leaf’s proposed biorefinery project in Malaysia. In prospect? A study of chemical markets and commercially ready bio-technologies. Potential
September 04, 2018 Read Full Article
SET-Plan Steering Group Approved Implementation Plan of SET-Plan Action 8: Bioenergy and Renewable Fuels for Sustainable Transport
(European Technology and Innovation Platform-Bioenergy) On 13 June 2018 the SET-Plan Steering Group approved the Implementation Plan of SET-Plan Action 8: Bioenergy and Renewable Fuels for Sustainable Transport. The plan was prepared by a working group, co chaired by industrial experts from
July 18, 2018 Read Full Article
DSM Wins Patent Infringement Case Against Lallemand Related to Low-Glycerol Yeast Technology Applicable in Ethanol Production
(DSM/PR Newswire) Royal DSM, a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials received unanimous jury verdict in a Federal Court in Wisconsin concluding that all glycerol reducing ethanol yeast products sold by Lallemand infringe DSM's US Patent 8,795,998. After several
May 17, 2018 Read Full Article
Indian Researchers Produce Chemicals from Glycerin
by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In India, researchers from Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division together with colleagues from the National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms Center, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune have developed a method to produce 2,3- butanediol (BDO), 1,3- Propanediol
December 08, 2017 Read Full Article
IIT-Roorkee Team Investigates the Use of Crude Glycerol for Production of Low-Cost Biofuel
by Hemali Chhapia (Times of India) Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee have come up with a new, low-cost method for production of biofuels. The collaborative research team led by Dr Richa Katiyar, Centre for Transportation Systems, Indian Institute
November 06, 2017 Read Full Article
Synthetic Biology-enabled Manufacturing: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Visolis
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Visolis process will enable production of bio-based elastomers, unsaturated polyester resins, super adsorbent polymers, and other products using a variety of feedstocks like agri-residues, dextrose, glycerol and syn-gas. As we come down the cost curve,
November 06, 2017 Read Full Article
The Power of Recycling Could Fuel Vehicles in the Future
by Peter Ehrhard (Missouri University of Science and Technology) The idea of recycling waste cooking oil into biodiesel fuel is nothing new. For years, researchers have studied the process and companies have recycled when possible. However, for many groups, cost is
October 05, 2017 Read Full Article
RSB Report Outlines 2016 Achievements
by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine/Biomass Magazine) The Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials recently released a report reviewing its 2016 activities and highlighting its increased impact and presence in the global renewable fuels industry. The report shows the organization launched a
June 08, 2017 Read Full Article
How Gold Can Recycle Biofuel Waste into Useful Additive
(Phys.Org/Tomsk Polytechnic University) Gold nanoparticles serve as catalysts for obtaining valuable chemical products based on glycerol. Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University and their international colleagues are developing gold catalysts to recycle one of the main byproducts of biofuel production. The
May 23, 2017 Read Full Article
Capital Corp Merchant Banking Gives Green Light to $18m Funding for Californian Biodiesel Project
(Biofuels International) US investment bank Capital Corp Merchant Banking has given the green light to help fund a biodiesel project in California. In a statement, the bank said that the facility will be able to process multiple feedstocks of any quality
March 08, 2017 Read Full Article
CSMCRI Scouts for Alternative Uses of Jatropha Crop to Make Bio-Fuel Production Viable
by Sohini Das (Business Standard) Bhavnagar-based research institute Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI), that has a US patent for manufacturing jatropha-based bio-fuel and has already partnered with automotive original equipment manufacturers for testing its bio-fuel, is now eyeing
September 29, 2016 Read Full Article
Biodiesel Producers Set to Benefit from Green Partnership
by Liz Gyekye (Biofuels International) Biodiesel producers will benefit from a green partnership between Ireland-based industrial enzyme firm Monaghan Biosciences and Australia-based biochemicals specialist Leaf Resources, as Leaf Resources continues to seek glycerol for its proprietary Glycell process, its CEO
August 04, 2016 Read Full Article
Leaf Resources Expands Equity Stake in ZeaChem, Signs JV to Develop Celluosic Sugars Project in US
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Australia, Leaf Resources and ZeaChem signed a joint venture agreement to establish a Glycell based project in the USA. The new agreenent advances the relationship between the two companies from an October 2014 Collaboration
March 01, 2016 Read Full Article
Abu Dhabi Goes Green! Used Cooking Becomes Biodiesel in New Project
by Sarvy Geranpayeh (Albawaba) Tadweer, the Centre of Waste Management Abu Dhabi, has launched an initiative to convert household’s cooking oil waste into biodiesel for vehicles. The project has been started in Abu Dhabi’s Al Raha area whereby residents are provided with
February 15, 2016 Read Full Article
The 30 Hottest Biobased Molecules for 2016
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, the Digest has released the 30 Hottest Biobased Molecules for 2016, as voted by the Digest’s global readership. The Readers were surveyed over December and January, and rated more than 100 individual molecules
January 14, 2016 Read Full Article
Bio-on: World First Facility for Producing Bioplastic from Biodiesel Co-Product Glycerol
(Globe Newswire/NASDAQ) An agreement signed today by Bio-on and S.E.C.I. S.p.A. part of Gruppo Industriale Maccaferri holding, will see Italy's and world's first facility for the production of PHAs bioplastic from biodiesel production co-products, namely glycerol. The two companies, operating in
December 23, 2015 Read Full Article
Along Cyclotron Road: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to Visolis
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Visolis process will enable production of bio-based elastomers, unsaturated polyester resins, super adsorbent polymers, and other products using a variety of feedstocks like agri-residues, dextrose, glycerol and syn-gas. As we come down the cost
November 12, 2015 Read Full Article
Biodiesel Made Easier, Cleaner with Waste-Recycling Catalyst
(Science News/Cardiff University) Researchers have devised a way of increasing the yield of biodiesel by using the waste left over from its production process. Using simple catalysis, the researchers have been able to recycle a non-desired by-product produced when biodiesel
September 14, 2015 Read Full Article
AGQM to Start First Glycerol Round Robin Test
by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine) For the first time ever, the German biodiesel quality management association AGQM will carry out a round robin test for pharmaceutical glycerol. Round robin tests are used to check test methods and proper laboratory handling,
September 11, 2015 Read Full Article
Australian Research Develops New Fish-Free Omega-3 from Microalgae: New Food, Anti-Pollutant and Biofuel Side Benefits
by Andrea Hogan (Australian Food News) Tasmanian researchers at the CSIRO’s National Algae Culture Collection facility in Hobart believe they are getting close to developing a Omega 3 supplement that does not come from fish. Dr Susan Blackburn of the National Algae
June 02, 2015 Read Full Article
The DOE’s 12 Top Biobased Molecules – What Became of Them?
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... If they handed out Platinum and Gold certification to scientific papers as we do with recorded music, “Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass” would be a multi-platinum chart-busting monster. This 2004 survey, completed by staff
May 04, 2015 Read Full Article
Harper Government Investment Benefits Biofuels Sector
(Western Economic Diversification Canada/MarketWired) Biofuel producers in Western Canada will soon be able to purify and convert raw glycerol more cost-effectively thanks to an investment of $538,542, announced today by the Honourable Michelle Rempel, Minister of State for Western Economic
March 01, 2015 Read Full Article
Innovative Integrated Microalgae Cultivation to Be Demonstrated at One-Hectare Unit in Southern Portugal
(Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research) A consortium of biotechnology experts, including experts of Wageningen UR, has started to build a one-hectare pilot unit for the production of microalgae in Portugal. This unit will demonstrate an innovative integrated approach to
December 23, 2014 Read Full Article
USDA Announces Support for Producers of Advanced Biofuel
(US Department of Agriculture) Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced today that USDA is making $5.6 million in grants to 220 producers across the nation to support the production of advanced biofuels, and is awarding more than $4 million in additional
December 03, 2014 Read Full Article
In Terms of Revenues, Glycerol Demand Is Set to Hit USD 2.1 Billion by 2018, Growing at a CAGR of 7.7% from 2012 to 2018
(Transparency Market Research/Digital Journal) Glycerol Market By Source (Biodiesel, Fatty Acids & Fatty Alcohols), By Applications (Personal Care, Alkyd Resins, Polyether Polyols, Others), Downstream Opportunities (Propylene Glycol, Epichlorohydrin, 1, 3 Propanediol And Others) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Trends,
November 19, 2014 Read Full Article
Global Glycerol Market Expected to Reach $2.52 Billion by 2020
(Grand View Research Inc./Biodiesel Magazine) The global market for glycerol is expected to reach $2.52 billion by 2020, according to a new study by Grand View Research Inc. Biodiesel emerged as the leading source of glycerol, accounting for over 1,400
August 13, 2014 Read Full Article
Adding Value to the Raw Glycerin from Biodiesel Plants
(Environmental-Expert.com/ABATEC SA) ABATEC SA introduces the BD4-MG system, to manufacture Methanol from raw Glycerol. It is an innovative way for adding value to the glycerol produced in the biodiesel plants. READ MORE
August 13, 2014 Read Full Article
The Clean Plate Club: The Search for Value from Food Waste Finds a Center of Gravity in Hawaii
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) All that food waste, all that potential value. What’s being done about all that material heading from the garbage pail to the landfill? Turns out, the State of Hawaii and BioTork are doing a lot.
August 08, 2014 Read Full Article
World's Cocoa Crop Could Get a Big Boost from a Simple, Non-Toxic Spray
by Seth Palmer (Phys.Org) Cocoa farmers this year will lose an estimated 30 to 40 percent of their crop to pests and disease, and with chocolate prices having risen globally by roughly two-thirds in the past decade, concern is growing
July 03, 2014 Read Full Article
Water-Cleanup Catalysts Tackle Biomass Upgrading
by Jade Boyd (Rice University) Rice University researchers register 4th ‘volcano plot’ for palladium-gold catalysts Rice University chemical engineer Michael Wong has spent a decade amassing evidence that palladium-gold nanoparticles are excellent catalysts for cleaning polluted water, but even he was surprised
July 01, 2014 Read Full Article
InteSusAl Project Building One-Hectare Demo Unit
(Algae Industry Magazine) The InteSusAl Consortium of biotechnology experts has started building a one-hectare unit in Southern Portugal that will demonstrate an innovative integrated approach to produce microalgae biomass with biodiesel validation in a sustainable manner. The demonstration pilot unit is one of
May 22, 2014 Read Full Article
First Steps Towards Achieving Better and Cheaper Biodiesel
(Science Daily) ...Acetals are chemical compounds found in many wines, like port, for example, which give it a unique, sweet smell. However if acetals are blended with biodiesel, they improve its properties. The SUPREN research group of the Department of
September 24, 2013 Read Full Article
UNAM Researchers Constructed Pilot Plant for Biodiesel Production
(La Prensa) UNAM researchers are in the process of design and construction of a pilot plant for the production of quality biodiesel, edible oil from waste collected from restaurants and hotels of the Federal District, the product obtained would be
August 29, 2013 Read Full Article
Governor Awards $200K to Hawaii Isle Biofuels Initiative
(Star-Advertiser) The state has invested $200,000 toward a initiative that seeks to develop an economically sustainable zero-waste conversion project in Hilo that will turn unmarketable papaya into biofuel and high-protein animal feed. Gov. Neil Abercrombie presented a check from the state
April 08, 2013 Read Full Article
Novel Pretreatment for Cellulosic Bio-Ethanol Production “Glycerol Bio-Refinery Process”
(Leaf Energy) The patent application titled “Methods for Converting Lignocellulosic Material to Useful Products” (“Glycerol Bio-refinery process”) describes the process developed at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) by Zhanging Zhang, Ian O’Hara and William Doherty. The production of biofuels from
December 06, 2012 Read Full Article
New S50 Biofuel from Glycerol, Vegetable Oils, Animal fats or Used Cooking Oil
(Innoget.com) IUCT has developed a technology to produce different biofuels in biodiesel plants and oleochemical production facilities. Our technology is very flexible because the starting raw materials may be glycerol, vegetable oils, animal fats or used cooking oils. The oupput,
July 25, 2012 Read Full Article
The Final Treatment: Washing or Polishing Followed by Distillation Offers the Purest Biodiesel Around
by Raj Mosali (Jatrodiesel Inc./Biodiesel Magazine) Biodiesel is traditionally produced via esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of triglycerides with an alcohol such as methanol and sodium methylate. The transesterification of triglycerides is comprised of three sequential, reversible reactions wherein
May 07, 2012 Read Full Article
ACT Completes 20kW Crude Glycerol Burner, Using Biodiesel By-Product
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In North Carolina, Applied Combustion Technologies announced the completion of a DOE grant to build and test a prototype crude glycerol burner. The 20 kW burner utilizes a novel spray atomization, high swirl burner approach in
January 09, 2012 Read Full Article
University of Manchester Team Solves Glycerol Problem
(MenMedia) ...Dr Constantinos Theodoropoulos and Prof Colin Webb from the University's School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science decided to tackle the issue of a worldwide glut of glycerol. Growing global demand for biodiesel means markets cannot absorb the increase in
January 06, 2012 Read Full Article
Search Produces Energy from Biodiesel Waste
(Correio do Brasil) School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC) of USP, a research proposes the production of energyfrom the gas released in the treatment of glycerol originating from the biodiesel. The residue is rich in impurities, which increases the
July 14, 2011 Read Full Article
Austin Peay State University Professor and Students Author Paper on Groundbreaking Biofuel Research
(Clarksville Online) ...Dr. Sergi Markov, associate professor of biology at Austin Peay State University, has an idea that could help push the alternative fuel race to new levels of possibility. For the last several years, Markov and two of his APSU