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U.S. Renewable Diesel Production Growth Drastically Impacts Global Feedstock Trade

(U.S. Department of Agriculture) During the past few years, the landscape for U.S. renewable diesel production has drastically changed, akin to the growth of ethanol and biodiesel during the past two decades. Driven by federal and state policies aimed at reducing

July 11, 2024 Read Full Article

USDA: Growth In US Renewable Diesel Production Impacts Global Feedstock Trade

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service on June 11 published a report discussing how the recent boom in U.S. renewable diesel production has caused market-altering shifts to both foreign and domestic feedstock trade.  U.S. renewable diesel consumption has

June 24, 2024 Read Full Article

US Farmers Shun Buyers, Cling to Unsold Corn as Prices Slump

by P.j. Huffstutter and Karl Plume (Reuters)  South Dakota farmer Eric Kroupa received a flurry of calls from grain dealers and ethanol plants asking to buy the corn locked away in his bins when prices neared 4-1/2-month peaks last month. He sold

June 17, 2024 Read Full Article

As Biofuels Boom, Companies Retool Oilseeds to Crack New Markets

by Karl Plume and Rod Nickel (Reuters)  ... These soy varieties in Benson Hill's (BHIL.N) 47,000- square-foot "crop accelerator" produce beans with exceptionally high protein to satisfy two competing demands: Supply the growing biofuels sector and expand the market for soy meal. "We're going

June 07, 2023 Read Full Article

Challenges Ahead For Soybean-Based Renewable Fuels Demand

by Greg Horstmeier (Progressive Farmer/DTN/Biodiesel Magazine)  Building new renewable fuel plants and increasing the pace of existing crush facilities can set the demand side of the soy biodiesel equation, but the supply side becomes complicated. -- Demand for renewable diesel

June 02, 2023 Read Full Article

Purdue University Study Shows Soybean Oil for Biofuels Has Limited Impact on Overall Food Prices

(Soy Hopper/United Soybean Board) While greater biofuel demand contributes to rising price of soy oil-based foods, increased availability of soy meal drives down cost of animal proteins, offsetting Consumer Price Index. -- Whether buying Christmas presents, purchasing a new car or

December 22, 2022 Read Full Article

Insight – How Biofuels and Rising Incomes Impact Grain and Oilseed Demand

(Austrade/Mirage) Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and poor seasonal conditions in North America in 2022 have created spikes in world prices for grain and oilseed (See Figure 1). However, 2 long-term factors are likely to increase global demand for grains and oilseeds over

September 30, 2022 Read Full Article

UFOP Rejects Reduction of the Cap for Biofuels from Cultivated Biomass

(Union for the Promotion of Oil and Protein Plants) The GHG Quota Act regulates market balancing -- The Federal Environment Ministry's initiative to reduce the so-called cap on biofuels from cultivated biomass has met with incomprehension. The UFOP rejects the

May 09, 2022 Read Full Article

AGP Expands Port Facility to Export More Soy Meal as Renewable Diesel Drives Crush Capacity up

(Ag Processing/Biobased Diesel Daily) The board of directors of Ag Processing Inc. (AGP) recently approved a major expansion and upgrade of its export facilities at the Port of Grays Harbor in Aberdeen, Washington. The plans include upgrades to its current facilities

March 23, 2022 Read Full Article

Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel Producers Prepare for Thanksgiving

(Biodiesel Magazine/National Biodiesel Board) This Thanksgiving, many biodiesel producers are prepping for the holiday surge in used cooking oil. National Biodiesel Board members — such as Newport Biodiesel in Rhode Island, New Leaf Biofuel in San Diego and American GreenFuels in

November 24, 2021 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Sector in Brazil Wants to Anticipate Mixing 13% Diesel to July 1st

(Explica) The biodiesel sector is pleading with the government to anticipate the mixture of 13% of biofuel to diesel by July 1, as a way to contribute to the development of the sector and stimulate the economy in the midst of

April 30, 2020 Read Full Article

Brazil's CJ Selecta Plans to Open First Ethanol Mill Despite Falling Demand

by Ana Mano (Reuters) Brazilian soy crusher CJ Selecta will push ahead with building its first ethanol mill by year’s end, as others in the market steer away from the biofuel amid slumping demand and low gasoline prices. CJ Selecta, the world’s

April 10, 2020 Read Full Article

Opportunities in High-Protein Feed

by Mallorie F. Wilken (ICM/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The market is growing and ethanol can play an important role, providing diversified revenue streams. -- ... Traditionally, one cheap source of protein has been distillers grains used in feeding swine, poultry, and dairy and

June 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Commentary: Benefits of Biodiesel

by Bob Lindeman (Chanhassen Villager) Based on a recent letter published in the Herald, (“Fossil fuel vs. green energy,” March 14), I would like to correct several assertions about “green energy” that are incredibly misleading and, frankly, wrong. Specifically, the

April 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Spotlight: Adding Value Across the Board

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Spotlighting the Minnesota Soybean Growers Association, which championed the nation’s first biodiesel mandate as a way to add value to surplus soybean oil, and RPS, whose co-located biodiesel process adds 12 cents a pound to ethanol

April 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Where Will All the Feedstock Come From?

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  As a new wave of large-scale biomass-based diesel projects develops, experts suggest market forces are ready to deliver the necessary fats, oils and greases.  --  ...Many of these new biomass-based diesel projects intend to produce renewable diesel

April 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Munzlinger Says Missouri Biodiesel Announcement Highlights Value-Added Agriculture (AUDIO)

by Brian Hauswirth (MissouriNet)  The Missouri Senate Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee chairman is praising Governor Eric Greitens (R) for releasing the $4 million budget restriction on biodiesel. ... Chairman Munzlinger tells Missourinet the governor’s announcement is big for his sprawling

May 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Biodiesel's Impact on Soybean Oil Prices Lower than Previously Thought

by Tom Steever (Brownfield Ag News)  An agriculture economist says biodiesel production has had less impact on soybean oil prices than previously thought.  The impression was that the U.S. biodiesel production boom following the establishment of the Renewable Fuel Standard

September 18, 2017 Read Full Article

Major Study Says “Cut Cellulosic Ethanol out”, RFA Says “No Way Jose”

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  In Iowa, a new tractable multi-market model study finds that the RFS has substantially benefited the U.S. economy by lowering gasoline, crude oil prices, and crude oil imports, while increasing prices and benefits for corn

August 21, 2017 Read Full Article

COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC Call for Coherence in EU Strategy for Enhancing Soy Production

(European Feed Manufacturers Federation)  COCERAL, FEDIOL and FEFAC members rely on the EU production of oilseeds, soy and other oil- and protein-containing crops. We share the objective of an increased production of soy in Europe. According to the protein balance

July 20, 2017 Read Full Article

Queensland Government Invests Big in Biorefinery

(Biofuels International)  The government of Queensland, Australia has announced it will inject $8.64 million (€5.8 million) into a proposed $50 million (€33.7 million) biorefinery, in a bid to help accelerate the project’s development and construction. It is hoped the new biorefinery

June 09, 2017 Read Full Article

Ethanol and Biodiesel Boost Bottom Line for Farmers

by Steve White (Nebraska TV)  ... Kelly Brunkhorst, executive director of the Nebraska Corn Board said, “You're talking about 1,300 direct employ jobs across the state, across rural Nebraska, that's key. Having those jobs and tax base there.” ... “It's building because of

May 23, 2017 Read Full Article

First-Gen Fuels under Siege, Hit Back with Hard Data

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Ethanol supporters in the US and Australia and first-gen fuels advocates of conventional ethanol and biodiesel in the EU are striking out against what they see as misguided reports that have appeared across three continents

April 07, 2017 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Benefits 'Global Food System' as GHG Profile Improves

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  The food and livestock industries have railed against biofuels for years, based on the argument that corn ethanol and soy biodiesel raise food prices. More recently, some have suggested that soy biodiesel emits more greenhouse

February 08, 2017 Read Full Article

Commission’s Flip-Flop on Biofuels Puts at Risk Tens of Thousands of Jobs

by Patrick Kent (Irish Cattle & Sheep Farmers’ Association/Euractiv)  The key element of this renewable energy plan is that the ceiling for the crop biofuel component of EU transport fuels will be slashed from 7% to 3.8% by 2030. The

December 06, 2016 Read Full Article

ICSA Slams Latest EU Commission Leaked Proposals on Biofuels

(Irish Cattle and Sheep Farmers Association) ... According to Mr Kent (ICSA president Patrick Kent), this strategy flies in the face of logic. The Commission which was supportive of biofuels has now decided to reverse its position without any scientific basis

November 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Industry Seeks Support in Government for Investment of R $22 Billion by 2030

by Marta Nogueira (Reuters (Google Translation)) Biodiesel industry representatives presented Thursday to the federal government several suggestions to promote the sector and increase production to 18 billion gallons by 2030, up from 4 billion liters in 2015, with potential to

October 14, 2016 Read Full Article

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Biodiesel (Charts and Graphs Included!)

by Jeremy Martin (Union of Concerned Scientists)  Most discussions about biofuels center on ethanol, but biodiesel—a diesel-substitute made from vegetable oils and animal fats—is increasingly important as well. But where does biodiesel come from, and what does it mean for the

June 23, 2016 Read Full Article

Biodiesel and False Dichotomy: Why Fill the Tank with Energy Derived from Soy Does Not Compete with Food

(iProfessional (Goggle Translation)  In recent months, the oil price rose 30%. This rekindled the debate about the impact of this alternative fuel prices and food supply. Experts explain how this industry can help foster a cycle of "virtuous growth" in

June 08, 2016 Read Full Article

Europe Continues to Get Biodiesel Wrong

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  A provocative opinion piece on Europe's reliance on unsound indirect land use change theory  --  It is clear there is a politicized agenda in Europe to undermine sustainable, liquid biofuels such as biodiesel and forge

May 06, 2016 Read Full Article

Grease Is the Word

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  In short, renewable fuels has reached a crisis of growth in the United States — years of expansion have halted, and everyone is entitled to ask why.  ... Let’s look at the hard data. Demand signals As

April 07, 2016 Read Full Article

REG’s Rolling Thunder: What Did Not Kill Them (Falling Oil Prices), Made Them Stronger

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... It’s been a couple of years since we visited REG and the difference is palpable. The company has become a little ADM, rather than a big Amyris or TerraVia. You see the trading desks at

April 05, 2016 Read Full Article

Blog: Colonel Korn, Andy, Sandy Impress in Videos about Ethanol

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... Late last week, I received a press release from the Nebraska Ethanol Board about two new biofuel education videos starring cartoon characters Colonel Korn, Andy and Sandy. I watched the videos, and I have

October 22, 2015 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Works for Illinois Animal Agriculture

(Illinois Soybean Association)  Biodiesel Positively Impacts Poultry and Livestock Farmers’ Bottom Lines -- Biodiesel is known for powering vehicles across the country—but it also works for poultry and livestock farmers by powering their profitability. That was the message today at the REG

August 18, 2015 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Can Increase Livestock Production’s Profitability

(Biofuels International)  Biodiesel is known for powering vehicles across the country—but it also works for poultry and livestock farmers by powering their profitability.  That was the message at Western Dubuque Biodiesel’s plant, where soyabean groups hosted a tour of the

July 31, 2015 Read Full Article

High Turkey Prices: Don't Blame Ethanol

by Alan Neuhauser  (U.S. News and World Report/MSN.com)  No clucking way.   Turkey prices are still higher than average, the American Farm Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics found last week – but don’t blame the Environmental Protection Agency's renewable fuel standard. The

November 26, 2014 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Benefits Livestock Producers

by John Davis (DomesticFuel.com)  While some have tried to pit the biofuels industry against livestock producers, the folks at the National Biodiesel Board (NBB) explain their green fuel is actually helping those producers. “The livestock industry is a strong stakeholder. That’s

November 25, 2014 Read Full Article

Top 10 Ways to Show Gratitude to Biodiesel Supporters on Thanksgiving

(National Biodiesel Board)  This holiday season, we’re giving thanks to the thousands of businesses that choose biodiesel, a sustainable, green form of American energy. Here are the top 10 ways to show your gratitude to those who support America’s advanced

November 25, 2014 Read Full Article

Commodities: DDGS Value Comes Down to Logistics

by Sean Broderick (CHS/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... Chinese MIR 162 (Syngenta trait corn) issues are still not resolved, leaving significant amounts of contracted tonnage that needs to move a different direction.  River logistics are still an issue with barge rates that

October 02, 2014 Read Full Article

Study finds that increased corn yields and more efficient use of corn ethanol co-products will greatly decrease land needed for ethanol production

(PR NewsWire/Illinois Corn Marketing Board) Land attributable to ethanol will drop from current 25% to as little as 11% of U.S. corn acres A too common error made in reporting the amount of land used for U.S. ethanol production is to measure

June 04, 2014 Read Full Article

Lack of Soybean Crushing Facilities in Wisconsin Costly for Farmers

by Rick Barrett (Milwaukee Wisconsin Journal Sentinel)  It's a bountiful harvest, but every year Wisconsin soybean growers pay a hefty price to have their crop processed at out-of-state facilities because there isn't a bean crushing plant available to them here. ... Timing

October 16, 2013 Read Full Article

Comparing Current and 1970 Farm Prosperity: Alcohol for Fuel and the Current Prosperity

by Carl Zulauf and Nick Rettig (Ohio State University/FarmDocDaily) ... Corn processed into alcohol for fuel was not a factor in the 1970 period of farm prosperity. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) data series on this demand component does not

August 26, 2013 Read Full Article

Iowa State Fair Traffic Will Be Greeted with Biodiesel Billboards

(The Iowa Renewable Fuels Association/Biodiesel Magazine)  In preparation for the 2013 Iowa State Fair, the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association today announced the start of a billboard campaign aimed at increasing the use of biodiesel in Iowa, particularly on Iowa farms. The

August 14, 2013 Read Full Article

Understanding the Pricing of Distillers' Grain Solubles

by  Scott Irwin and Darrel Good (FarmDocDaily)  Distillers' grain solubles (DGS) are a co-product of ethanol production from corn and have become an important feed source for the domestic livestock industry in the U.S. While it is widely known that the

July 17, 2013 Read Full Article
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levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis 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rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping 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