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Minnesota SAF Hub Building Blend Plant: Minnesota Eyes 2025 for Completion of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blending Plant

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)   It has been just one year since the formation of a partnership to create what is the nation's first large-scale sustainable aviation fuel value chain in Minnesota, and a Delta Airlines representative said on Monday

September 18, 2024 Read Full Article

Boeing Provides Guidance on SAF Usage for Defense Aircraft

(Boeing)  “No Technical Objection” clears way for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) use at approved blending limits on Boeing-built military aircraft -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] has released guidance to defense customers that company-built military aircraft can operate on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at

July 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Co-Processing SAF: Standards, Incentives and Regulation

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folić (Topsoe/Biomass Magazine) ... One method of SAF production, known as co-processing, has emerged as a viable solution in the here and now. But what are the regulations and standards that producers need to

May 08, 2024 Read Full Article

Desert Jet Partners with TITAN Aviation Fuels to Offer Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) at Its KTRM FBO

(Desert Jet) DESERT JET, the leading full-service business aviation company in Greater Palm Springs, California, announces its latest sustainability initiative. The company has partnered with TITAN Aviation Fuels to establish the supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) at its flagship FBO, Desert

April 03, 2024 Read Full Article

RTX's Pratt & Whitney Collaborates with FAA to Study Non-CO2 Emissions under FAA ASCENT Program

(Pratt & Whitney)  Tests will compare emissions from conventional Jet A and 100% SAF -- Pratt & Whitney, an RTX (NYSE: RTX) business and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will work together with Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), Aerodyne Research, Inc.,

March 28, 2024 Read Full Article

On the Ground in Colorado, NREL Is Simulating Sustainable Aviation Fuel Combustion during Flight

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Laboratory Supports Industry in Fine-Tuning Sustainable Aviation Fuel Chemistry Ahead of Seeking Approval for Widespread Airplane Use -- ... But changes are coming for jet fuel, and the aviation industry is actively inviting

February 01, 2024 Read Full Article

Jet Aviation to Provide Sustainable Aviation Fuel during the World Economic Forum 2024

(Avionics International)  Jet Aviation announced today that it has secured a supply of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for visitors during the World Economic Forum (WEF) 2024. This is the second time Jet Aviation has provided on-site SAF in Zurich for visitors

January 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Parts 1-4: What Is SAF? Why Use SAF? Economics of SAF. Politics of SAF.

by Gaulthier Blangez*  (Time to Fly and Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA, in collaboration with Time to Fly, is proud to publish a guide to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) for a general audience, for corporations working on ESG (environment, social and

October 24, 2023 Read Full Article

GE Aerospace Fuels Expert: SAF is Here to Stay

by Chelsey Levingston (GE Aerospace) ... Despite the current low volumes, speaker Gurhan Andac, GE Aerospace engineering fuels and fuel additives leader, points out that SAF is here to stay. Earlier this year, standards-setting organization ASTM International approved an eighth way to make

October 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Maintenance: Industry Looks to All-Synthetic SAF

(National Business Aviation Association)  Multiple initiatives to spur production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) will soon lead to greater availability to business aviation operators. Even as today’s SAF blends come into their own, engine manufacturers and airframe OEMs are already looking

August 25, 2023 Read Full Article

Continental Testing HVO for Its Jet-A Engines

by Paul Bertorelli (AvWeb)  Sensitive to aviation as a source of greenhouse gasses, Continental says it’s finishing up testing that will make HVO or hydrotreated vegetable oil a fuel option in its CD-100 series engines. There are three engines in the

August 10, 2023 Read Full Article

Private Aviation Has Pledged to Reach Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050. Here’s How That Can Happen.

by Michael Verdon (Robb Report) ... Another question is how to expand the availability of sustainable aviation fuel (which can reduce carbon emissions by up to 80 percent over conventional Jet A fuel) and bring down its price. Business-jet manufacturers

March 06, 2023 Read Full Article

GE Honda Completes 100 Percent SAF Testing On HF120 Engine

by Kate O'Connor (AvWeb)  GE Honda Aero Engines (GHAE) has completed ground testing of its HF120 engine using 100 percent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), the company announced at the 2022 NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition. The test, which compared engine

October 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Atlantic Aviation Teams with 4AIR for 100% SAF Book & Claim at NBAA-BACE

(Atlantic Aviation) Atlantic Aviation and 4AIR will be advancing their commitment to sustainability at this year’s NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition (BACE) by offering a Book & Claim program for customers arriving at Atlantic’s FBOs at Orlando Executive Airport

October 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Embraer and Pratt & Whitney Complete 100% SAF Flight Testing of GTF-Powered E195-E2 Aircraft

(Embraer) Embraer and Pratt & Whitney have successfully tested a GTF-powered E195-E2 aircraft on 100% sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The test, with one engine running on 100% SAF, validated that GTF engines and the E-Jets E2 family can fly on

July 04, 2022 Read Full Article

Synthetic Fuels for Contested Environments (SynCE) DEADLINE: June 21, 2022

(Defense Innovation Unit)  The Department of Defense (DoD) spends significant time and resources managing worldwide aircraft fuel logistics, which often involves a combination of tanker planes, ships, and convoys.. To reduce this logistical burden, DoD seeks a commercial solution to develop

June 17, 2022 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuels: Part 1: What is SAF?

by Gaulthier Blangez*  (Time to Fly and Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA, in collaboration with Time to Fly, is proud to publish a guide to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) for a general audience, for corporations working on ESG (environment,

June 09, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Aviation Completes Testing of Passport Engine Using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(GE Aviation)  GE Aviation has recently completed successful testing of its Passport long-range business aviation engine using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), a lower carbon alternative jet fuel. The Passport engine can operate on approved SAF today, and the recent testing shows

May 31, 2022 Read Full Article

SAF Keeps Flying High in 2022 – Aemetis 13M Gallons for Alaska Airlines; Neste, Etihad SAF Delivery

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ... Between the news that the delivery of Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Etihad Airways marks the first time in Japan that SAF will be supplied to an overseas airline at an airport in

May 30, 2022 Read Full Article

Flight Plan Podcast: Debunking Maintenance Myths About SAF

(National Business Aviation Association) Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has been a growing part of business aviation for more than a decade. However, despite numerous industry efforts to spread understanding, awareness and use of SAF, there remain a few persistent myths about

May 23, 2022 Read Full Article

Could Ammonia Be the Solution to Aviation's Clean Propulsion Needs?

by Linnea Ahlgren (Simple Flying) One Australian company hopes to retrofit existing jet engines to burn ammonia instead of Jet-A fuel. --  While the world may be focused on pure hydrogen as the most significant promise for clean-burning aviation fuel, Australian

May 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Will GA Have a Fuel Problem?

by Julie Boatman (Flying Magazine) With avgas a boutique product and jet-A supplies in mitigation, experts see price volatility rather than more shortages ahead, for general aviation. ... What About SAF? Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has entered the picture in a significant way—if

May 10, 2022 Read Full Article

GE Aviation Joins the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials to Help Advance Sustainable Aviation Fuel in the Aviation Industry

(GE Aviation)   GE Aviation, a world-leading provider of aircraft engines, systems and services, has recently joined the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) to further advance its ambition to be a net-zero company by 2050 and help the aviation industry decarbonize. By becoming

May 09, 2022 Read Full Article

Bizav Leaders Describe SAF Benefits, Costs

by Bill Carey (Aviation Week) Even as biofuel suppliers and fixed-base operators (FBOs) ramp up the availability of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), aircraft operators remain uncertain about the composition of SAF and the complexity of using it to claim emissions reductions,

April 07, 2022 Read Full Article

Aemetis Signs Agreement with Japan Airlines to Supply 90 Million Gallons of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Aemetis)  Fuel to be delivered to San Francisco International Airport  -- Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a renewable fuels company focused on negative carbon intensity products, announced today that an offtake agreement has been signed with Japan Airlines (“JAL”) for 90 million gallons

February 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Syngas, Hydrogen, Biofuels, SAF: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Raven

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Raven SR’s tech addresses 3 markets – waste handling, hydrogen and biofuels – by converting global pollution into clean fuels and removing carbon from the environment. Learn about their process that creates a syngas that has

February 02, 2022 Read Full Article

Emirates and GE Aviation Commit to Test Flight Programme Using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce CO2 Emissions

(The Emirates Group)  Emirates and GE Aviation have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop a programme that will see an Emirates Boeing 777-300ER, powered by GE90 engines, conduct a test flight using 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by the

November 18, 2021 Read Full Article

A Digest Exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk, Shell Aviation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From SAF size and scale, Shell’s plans for scaling up, fuel use and blends and more, check out this Digest exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk at Shell Aviation. ... Shell recently

November 02, 2021 Read Full Article

Aeromexico Recognizes International Day of Climate Action with SAF

(Aeromexico/Biobased Diesel Daily) As part of the International Day of Climate Action Oct. 24, Aeromexico operated its first flights between the U.S. and Mexico with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), reducing 27 tons of CO2 emissions, equivalent to making more than 3,800

October 27, 2021 Read Full Article

S-92® Helicopter Completes First Flight Using Biofuel

(Lockheed Martin) Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company leading the way towards a more sustainable aviation future  -- Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company [NYSE: LMT] has approved the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), often referred to as biofuel, for the S-92

September 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Amyris, Total to Begin Marketing Farnesane-Based Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In California, Amyris and Total announced they will prepare to market a drop in jet fuel that contains up to 10% blends of renewable farnesane, following on from the newly revised ASTM standard for

September 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Gulfstream Earns National Aeronautic Assn.’s 1st ‘Sustainable Wings’ Certification

(National Aeronautic Association/Biobase Diesel Daily) Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. became the first company to earn the National Aeronautic Association’s new Sustainable Wings certification on roundtrip, record-setting flights from Savannah, Georgia, to San Francisco, California, and back. NAA’s Sustainable Wings certification recognizes records that

August 03, 2021 Read Full Article

SAF Feedstock Availability: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable Aviation Fuel in Brazil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Addressing the challenges of sustainable aviation fuel feedstock availability in Brazil, RSB, in collaboration with Agroicone and the University of Campinas, published the outcomes of research into non-crop feedstock availability and potential in Brazil for

June 01, 2021 Read Full Article

RSB, Agroicone Publish Study to Support Sustainable Transformation in Brazil with SAF

(Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials) The aviation sector has ambitious targets for reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and switching from fossil fuels to low-carbon Sustainable Aviation Fuels. SAF is considered the most efficient way to achieve those targets quickly, however, in

May 20, 2021 Read Full Article

Signature Flight Support, Neste, and NetJets Establish Strategic Partnership to Accelerate the adoption of Sustainable Aviation Fuel within Business Aviation

(Signature Flight Support)  This pioneering collaboration combines Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production and distribution, establishing a permanent supply for private aviation operators at San Francisco and London-Luton. Cognizant of the important and active role that private aviation plays in environmental responsibility, Signature

September 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Review of Technical Pathways Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Sustainable Aviation Fuel: Review of Technical Pathways report provides an overview of commercial jet aviation fuel and summarizes learnings from three BETO-supported workshops. In addition, the report focuses on insights for reducing costs and optimizing the value

September 10, 2020 Read Full Article

Work on Sustainable Aviation Fuels Continues Unabated

(National Business Aviation Association)  Despite the pandemic, technologies continue to advance and more OEMs and operators are embracing sustainable aviation fuel.  -- Even though COVID-19 has slowed or halted many business initiatives, efforts to promote the development and use of sustainable

August 29, 2020 Read Full Article

Business Aircraft Operators Need to 'Demand' Biofuel

by Ian Sheppard (AIN Online)  Capacity for aviation biofuel is now at a stage where it is down to operators to start saying they are willing to buy and use it, according to a panel of experts gathered at the Sustainable

May 21, 2019 Read Full Article

The Compelling Case for Biojet Fuel

by Jess Hewitt and Jonathan Lewis (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... Many people are confused by the term “biojet,” and the many other terms used to describe this “new fuel”. There is a standard specification that describes this product. Turbine (jet)

April 02, 2019 Read Full Article

Gulfstream Makes First Alternative Jet Fuel Sale

by Jerry Siebenmark (AIN Online)  Gulfstream Aerospace has made its first sale of sustainable alternative jet fuel (SAJF) to a G550 operated by a U.S.-based multinational corporation, the Savannah, Georgia-based airframer announced today. The customer purchased 20,000 pounds of SAJF from Gulfstream’s

March 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuel Use Reduces Aviation Emissions and Contrail Cirrus Climate Effects

by S. Himmelstein  (Engineering 360) Aviation makes a significant contribution to anthropogenic climate forcing in the form of soot, aerosol and greenhouse gas emissions. Soot emissions are responsible for the formation of cirrus contrails composed of ice crystals that can trigger climate

February 27, 2019 Read Full Article

VNY to Become First to Offer GA Retail Jet Biofuel

by Curt Epstein (AIN Online)  In the wake of the multi-organizational release of the Business Aviation Guide to the Use of Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel at EBACE in May, the industry has announced the next step in the effort to educate general aviation

November 18, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to ARA’s ReadiJet Drop-in Renewable Fuel Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ReadiJet contains the same molecules and has the same performance as petroleum jet fuel, all while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It meets Jet-A, Jet-A1, JP-5, JP-8 fuel specifications without the need for blending with petroleum.  ReadiJet

August 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Gulfstream Waiting for Wider Biofuel Availability

by Ian Sheppard  (Aviation International News Online)    Gulfstream (Booth T139, SD28) continues to adopt the use of biofuels where possible to reduce its carbon footprint, but laments the lack of availability around the world. Derek Zimmerman, president of Gulfstream product support,

May 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Historic Flight: Commercial Jet Flies on 100 Percent Biofuel

by Glenn Farley (K5 News)  In the Boeing test, a 777 freighter, ran on residual animal fats and plant oils. -- In a historic first, Boeing has flown the first commercial jet on 100 percent biofuel. The flight was Seattle to Memphis

May 11, 2018 Read Full Article

Old Carbon, New Jet Fuels: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech’s ATJ Jet Fuel Tech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  LanzaTech’s gas fermentation platform disrupts the current highly centralized global energy system by enabling the regional production of low-cost energy from local wastes and residues, including gases as varied as industrial flue gas, gasified biomass

December 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuels for all Transport Modes: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Byogy Renewables

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Byogy has developed a catalytic platform that converts any source of ethanol, butanol, mixed alcohols, or related olefins, into full replacement, and cost competitive biofuels including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Byogy’s jet fuel is

December 01, 2016 Read Full Article

Forest-Powered Flight Heads to Washington, D.C.

(Alaska Airlines/PR Newswire)  First of its kind renewable biofuel made from residual wood used by Alaska Airlines  --  Washington state-based Alaska Airlines today made history flying the first commercial flight using the world's first renewable, alternative jet fuel made from

November 14, 2016 Read Full Article

jetBlue loves you: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to SG Preston

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   jetBlue has announced a 10-year, 330 million gallon renewable jet fuel purchase agreement with SG Preston. This marks one of the largest renewable jet fuel purchase agreements in aviation history, and the largest, long-term, binding

September 20, 2016 Read Full Article

JetBlue Announces One of the Largest Renewable Jet Fuel Purchase Agreements in Aviation History

(JetBlue)  Preparing for a Lower Carbon Future, Airline Partners with SG Preston to Purchase Renewable Jet Fuel;  JetBlue Expects To Take First Delivery of Renewable Jet Fuel In 2019 With A 10-Year Purchase Agreement and the Ability to Lower the

September 19, 2016 Read Full Article

Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research: Reducing Global Carbon Emissions (2016)

by Committee on Propulsion and Energy Systems to Reduce Commercial Aviation Carbon Emissions; Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies Press) The primary human activities that release carbon

June 01, 2016 Read Full Article

Cessna 182 Crosses Country on Biofuel

(Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association)  Ross McCurdy, a science teacher from Ponaganset High School in Glocester, Rhode Island, has flown to Santa Monica, California, and back in a 1980 diesel-powered Cessna 182 owned by a New Jersey flying club using

May 04, 2016 Read Full Article

Science Teacher Plans First Coast-to-Coast Biofuel Flight

by Megan Elliott (Flying Magazine)  First transcontinental flight using aviation biofuel in a certified light aircraft. -- High-school science teacher Ross McCurdy is planning the first transcontinental flight using aviation biofuel in a certified light aircraft. McCurdy will launch from North

March 23, 2016 Read Full Article

ARA Ships 100% Drop-In Biofuels for Navy Certification

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, ARA completed the delivery of over 150,000 gallons of 100% drop-in jet and diesel fuel to fulfill its DLA/US Navy certification fuel contract, two months ahead of schedule. For the first time ever,

February 15, 2016 Read Full Article

NASA Should Be the Key to the Crucial Development of Large Scale Bio-Jetfuel and Rocket Fuel End-to-End Production

by Robert E. Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  In looking at a way to jump-start this country’s bogged down production of biomass-based jetfuel (Jet-A, JP-5, JP-8) and rocket fuel (RP-1/2), the early history of the US space program should serve as

February 08, 2016 Read Full Article

Mission Incomplete

by Katie Fletcher (Biomass Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Defense has yet to purchase alternative fuels beyond testing and demonstration purposes, but intentions remain.  --  In July, the U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report observing U.S. Department of Defense

November 03, 2015 Read Full Article

Gulfstream, World Fuel Sign Renewable Fuels Agreement

(Gulfstream Aerospace, Corp./Biomass Magazine)  Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. and its fuel supplier, World Fuel Services Inc., recently finalized a three-year agreement that provides Gulfstream with a consistent supply of renewable fuels for its daily flight operations in Savannah, Georgia. The fuel is

May 20, 2015 Read Full Article

The Worldwide Push for Aviation Biofuels

by Keith Campbell  (Engineering News)  On October 19, 2004, the world’s first exclusively biofuel powered production aircraft received its certification, allowing it to be flown operationally. That aircraft was (and is) the Neiva (now Embraer) EMB-202A Ipanema crop duster. This

January 16, 2015 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest Posts "Hot Slides" from Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  On ABLC's opening morning, we have some of the top slides -an inside look from Inbicon, Ensyn, GranBio, Sapphire Energy, LanzaTech - hot topics such as product portfolios, refinery integration, policy cliffs, the use of

April 25, 2014 Read Full Article

Blue Sun Reinvests Biodiesel Tax Credit Revenue into Technology

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  ... Blue Sun Biodiesel CEO Leigh Freeman said his company will immediately invest payments from credits earned in 2012 to advance its next-generation biofuel technologies. ...Specifically, Blue Sun is investing in a new enzymatic processing technology at

January 12, 2013 Read Full Article
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point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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