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BioVeritas Launches into Sustainable Aviation Fuel, Soaring Past the Constraints Facing the Industry Today (October 25, 2024)

(Biofuels Central) BioVeritas, LLC, a leading sustainable fuels and biochemicals company redefining the future of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), today (October 25, 2024) announced that it is launching The BioVeritas Process™ for SAF. This breakthrough technology converts biomass via fermentation into volatile fatty acids (VFAs),

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Next-Generation Feedstocks for the Emerging Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A team of researchers have designed a project to develop productive, cost-effective, and sustainable warm-season perennial bioenergy feedstock production systems on marginal croplands across geographic locations in the Midwest. They have found  that there is limited data

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Aman Arora Unveils Punjab State Policy for Biofuels, Says 50% Agri Waste to Be Used to Enhance Soil Content

(The Indian Express) The Cabinet Minister added that four projects with a total capacity of 85 tonne per day (TPD) of CBG are currently operational. -- Punjab is all set to emerge as a national leader in biofuel production, with the state

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Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Brazil's Biofuel Sector

(Springer)  Mathematical analysis reveals that within Brazil’s agriculture and livestock industry, the biofuels sector is most heavily reliant on other sectors with high greenhouse gas emissions. -- Brazil is a world leader in biofuel production, but the environmental sustainability of the

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Phelps County Selected for DG Fuels’ First Midwest Sustainable Aviation Fuel Plant

by Dan Brown (DG Fuels) Innovative Plant to Transform Agricultural By-products into High-Value Sustainable Aviation Fuel -- DG Fuels, a U.S.-owned sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) company, in cooperation with the Nebraska BioEconomy, has selected Phelps County, Nebraska, for its first Midwest production

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A Fifth of U.S. Green Hydrogen Projects Eyed for Water-Stressed Areas

by Alec Luhn (Floodlight)  As the federal government pours billions into hydrogen production to lower greenhouse gas emissions, critics worry water shortages in the Southwest could worsen -- Armed with bright green shovels, executives from the Australian mining giant Fortescue broke ground in May on

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Carbon Accounting for Sustainable Biofuels

(International Energy Agency)  The development of sustainable biofuels is at a pivotal juncture. They are recognised for their important role in decarbonising the transport sector – particularly for their potential to help reduce aviation and shipping emissions, and for their complementarity

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Procedures for Quantification, Reporting, and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with the Production of Domestic Agricultural Commodities Used as Biofuel Feedstocks DEADLINE July 25, 2024

(U.S. Department of Agriculture)  The U.S. Department of Agriculture is seeking public input on procedures for the quantification, reporting, and verification of the effect of climate-smart farming practices on the greenhouse gas (GHG) net emissions estimates associated with the production of

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Mahle Bats for Biofuels to Drive Cleaner Vehicular Emissions in India

by Murali Gopalan  (Economic Times Auto)  The German auto parts maker, with a significant presence in India, is pushing for use of biofuels as a clean alternative. It also hopes to set up a Bio-Mobility Tech Centre in Pune on the lines

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Texas Water Fight Shows Pushback on ‘Clean’ Hydrogen

by Christian Robles (E&E News Energywire) A Texas hydrogen project is facing criticism over whether it will have adequate water supplies, illustrating how local disputes on everything from pipelines to air pollution threaten the industry’s build-out. Near Corpus Christi, environmentalists and some

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Soil Carbon Capture Sequestration, Low Carbon Intensity Scores and the Small Water Cycle: The Symbiotic Connection

by Joel Stone (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) Soil Carbon Capture Sequestration (SCCS), low carbon intensity (low CI) scores and the Small Water Cycle are connected through various ecological and hydrological processes that occur within terrestrial ecosystems. SCCS refers to the process of

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Airlines Could Abandon Dirty Jet Fuel with Cleaner Biofuels

(MITECHNEWS.com)  In an exciting move toward sustainable fuel, airlines are exploring powering planes with biofuels made from corn and other plants. This would slash aviation pollution and boost American farming, bringing tidy financial and environmental wins, according to The New York Times. Turning

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Noor Oil Collaborates with BEEAH to Turn Used Cooking Oil into Bio-diesel

(ESG MENA) Noor Oil, one of IFCCO’s flagship brands, has announced a partnership with BEEAH Group to facilitate the recycling of used cooking oil as an alternative biofuel. Speaking about the process, Rizwan Ahmed, Executive Director at IFFCO Group, explained that consumers

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Are First-Generation Biofuels Sustainable?

(World Bio Market Insights) The sustainability of first-generation biofuels have attracted controversy, with questions around their true emissions savings and their impacts on other environmental metrics like water pollution and water consumption.  We look at recent scientific evidence on whether and how

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Instead of Bickering over Fossil Oil, Use the Energy to Make Biofuels

by Joachim Buwembo (The East African)  Rather than, or besides fighting over control of the poison being sold to them by rich international dealers, Uganda and Kenya could put the health of their people, vehicles and wallets first, and jointly develop better

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Camelina Shows Potential as Biofuel Crop

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer) The crop could be a good fit in Western Canada because of its short maturity and low water requirements -- ... Mike Karst, senior vice-president of Global Clean Energy and president of its subsidiary Sustainable Oils, has

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Bold Actions to Accelerate the Bioeconomy: Report from Ottawa Meet-up of the Bold Goals Action Group

by Jim Lane (REenergize the Gulf Coast) In Ottawa, on the sidelines of the Jeff Passmore’s SCALING UP meeting, a coalition of the willing known as the Bold Goals Action Group refined and amended a series of 37 Bold Actions that must be

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Villagers Resist India's Biofuel Push over Hidden Health Risks

by Bhasker Tripathi (Context) Tensions caused by a new ethanol plant in the south reveal the social and environmental challenges of India's plan for greener fuel -- India's millions of small-scale farmers face rising pressure from climate change, which is hurting harvests

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Growth Energy CEO Takes Center Stage on SAF and Clean Energy

(Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine) This week, CEO Emily Skor highlighted the biofuel industry’s perspective on the future of sustainability and clean energy during two high-profile forums in Washington, D.C.   On Nov. 14, Skor joined lawmakers and industry leaders, including Argonne National Laboratory

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Novozymes Launches Quara® LowP for Renewable Diesel fFedstock Pre-treatment

(Novozymes/Yahoo! Finance) Novozymes, a global leader in biosolutions, marks a significant milestone in the renewable diesel and SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) industry with the launch of Quara® LowP, an enzymatic solution designed to transform the feedstock pre-treatment process.  As the world seeks

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Technoeconomic Analysis and Life-Cycle Assessment for Separations

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Bioprocessing Separations Consortium is a National Laboratory-led effort, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office, that is dedicated to identifying and overcoming separations challenges associated with the conversion of biomass into fuels

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25 Bold Actions to Accelerate Global Bioeconomy Deployment: Results from the 9/22/23 Meet-up of the Bold Goals Action Group in Sydney

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Australia, at the initial meet-up of the global Bold Goals Action Group, leaders of the global bioeconomy, a “coalition of the willing”, established a draft of 25 Bold Actions that, if achieved by the various stakeholders in

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The Largest U.S. Aquifer Is Running Dry

by Regina Rae Weiss, Brooklyn (New York Times) Re “America Is Using Up Its Groundwater Like There’s No Tomorrow” (“Uncharted Waters” series, Sept. 2): Back in the 1960s, geologists studying the Ogallala Aquifer — the United States’ largest aquifer, which lies under

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EPA Is Ignoring the Glaring Problem with Dirty Electric Vehicles

by Benjamin Zycher (American Enterprise Institute/The Hill)  The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) has launched a new regulatory effort to force a massive transportation shift to electric vehicles (EVs) with its proposed “multi-pollutant emissions standards” for light- and medium-duty vehicles beginning with model

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Pathward and Avolta Partnership Brings Two Renewable Natural Gas Projects at Arizona Dairy Farms to Realization

(Pathward) ... “The projects have begun injecting RNG into the Southwest Gas pipeline for distribution. Avolta has partnered with U.S. Gain to distribute the RNG as an ultra-low carbon transportation fuel in California and other LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard)

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Mining Critical to Renewable Energy Tied to Hundreds of Alleged Human Rights Abuses

by Katie Surma (Inside Climate News) A report released Wednesday faults the U.S. and other nations for providing incentives for the mining of rare metals like lithium and cobalt without enacting adequate labor and environmental safeguards. Over the past dozen years, hundreds

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Warning about Aquifer’s Decline Sets up Big Fight in Kansas

by John Hanna (Associated Press) Kansas water experts are sounding an alarm decades in the making: Farmers and ranchers in the state’s western half must stop pumping more water out of a vast aquifer than nature puts back each year or

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Cepsa to Produce Green Hydrogen with Recycled Wastewater

(Cepsa) Driving the circular economy: The company has reached an agreement with the public company Aguas y Servicios del Campo de Gibraltar (Arcgisa) to use recycled water from the region’s future wastewater treatment plant in its industrial facilities Cepsa

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Ethanol Is Ready to Truly Get Off the Ground

by Tom Bryan (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Ethanol Producer Magazine's editor previews the feature articles in the publication's December edition while reflecting on the rise of EVs, the promise of higher-level ethanol blends and the enormity of the industry's burgeoning SAF

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Biofuel Research: Full Decarbonization of U.S. Aviation Sector Is within Grasp

(SciTechDaily/Arizona State University) The study found that planting the grass miscanthus on 23.2 million hectares of existing marginal agricultural lands – land that often lays fallow or is poor in soil quality – across the United States would provide enough

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Aquatech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Aquatech International is a global leader in water purification technology for industrial and infrastructure markets with a focus on desalination, water recycle and reuse, and zero liquid discharge. Aquatech’s Simone Callioni joined us on the ABLC stage

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Big Agriculture Warns Farming Must Change or Risk ‘Destroying the Planet’

by Dominic Rushe (The Guardian) Report sponsored by some of the largest food and farming businesses finds pace of shift to sustainable practices too slow -- Food companies and governments must come together immediately to change the world’s agricultural practices or

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61 Ethanol Production Projects Approved to Achieve 20% Blending Target

(Newsroom Odisha) The government has given in principle approval to 61 projects of ethanol production to achieve the target of 20 per cent ethanol blending with petrol by 2025. Department of Food and Public Distribution has said that these projects will add

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Gov. Kelly Speaks about Ethanol, Employment and Agriculture in Hutchinson Friday

by John Green (The Hutchinson News)  Governor Laura Kelly joined a handful of local leaders in Hutchinson Friday for a roundtable discussion focused on economic and agricultural growth in central Kansas. ... Kelly said water is an issue she has

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How Much Mining Is Needed to Save the Planet?

by Jael Holzman (E&E News/Greenwire)  With climate change pushing the U.S. toward more rapid adoption of new technologies, many Republicans and Democrats are in rare agreement on one key point: This country needs a lot more mines. But exactly how much new

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Implementing Successful Public Policies to Shape the Sustainable Future of the Aviation Industry

by Carolina Grassi, with Arianna Baldo, Cris Robertson, Elena Schmidt & Hannah Walker (Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials) This White Paper is an outcome of the RSB SAF Policy Platform. The platform is a place for RSB’s members – from industry

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Darling Ingredients Issues 2022 ESG Report

(Darling Ingredients/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Darling Ingredients Inc. released its 2022 ESG Report Sept. 26, which provides a detailed overview of the company’s progress against key environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) objectives throughout 2021. Notable 2021 achievements highlighted in the report include:

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Will Algae Biofuels Become Viable? Pioneers of Commercial Biofuel Production Had to Shut Shop or Diversify Their Portfolio

by Rahul Jain (Down to Earth)  ... It can synthesise large volumes of oil (20 times more than that of mustard per acre), grow fast (10 times quicker than terrestrial plants) and capture carbon dioxide (CO2).  Since then, big industries and startups

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Project Aims to Reduce Water, Energy in Ethanol Production

(University of Nebraska Research and Economic Development/Nebraska Today) Nebraska researchers are studying how to make ethanol production more environmentally sensitive by reducing the amount of water and energy required to produce it and cutting the air emissions that result. The Nebraska Environmental Trust

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Iowa Ethanol Leader, Farmer Says Fuel Production Is More Sustainable than Years Ago

by Larry Lee (Brownfield Ag News) Modern technology and practices are helping produce more with fewer inputs, and it’s not just in the farm field.  Dave Sovereign with Golden Grain Energy in Iowa says ethanol production practices have advanced dramatically since the

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Hydro Production, Policies and Promise: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to IRENA’s Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  IRENA’s latest report considers whether and how hydrogen may disrupt future energy systems, offers insights into how countries and stakeholders can navigate and shape hydrogen markets, and outlines policy considerations to help mitigate the geopolitical

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Swaraj Green Power & Fuel Ltd to Set up Asia’s Largest Ethanol Production Unit in Maharashtra in two stages by using sugarcane juice & BIOSYRUP® as Raw Material Based on Technology Supplied by Praj Industries Limited, Pune

(Swarj Green Power & Fuel Limited) Swaraj Green Power & Fuel Limited (Swaraj) announced plans to set up the largest ethanol plant (1100 KLPD) in Maharashtra in two stages, first stage capacity of 500 kilo litres per day (KLPD) and

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Bloom Energy, Conrad Energy and Electricity North West Construction & Maintenance Bring Hydrogen-Ready Power to the United Kingdom

(Bloom Energy)  Reliable, future-proof and cost-predictable technology platform helps commercial and energy-intensive organisations meet net-zero carbon goals  --  Bloom Energy (NYSE: BE), Conrad Energy, and Electricity North West (Construction and Maintenance) Limited (ENWCML) today announced plans to collaborate on the

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Unlocking Wastewater Value Is a Hidden Resource in Both Agricultural and Fermentation Processing

by Joel Stone and Thalia Aok (ConVergInce Advisers and ZwitterCo, Inc./Biofuels Digest) “Don’t throw out the baby with the bathwater.” This idiomatic expression characterizes the idea of tossing out the good along with the bad. Bioprocessing of agricultural or fermentation product

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Canola Research in West Texas: Four-Year Project Will Test Canola Cultivars and Irrigation Strategies

(AgriLife Today) West Texas farmers dealing with high-salinity water and limited irrigation need an alternative crop, such as canola, that’s adaptable to harsh conditions. Texas A&M AgriLife research will soon evaluate the potential for canola as an alternative crop amid the region’s

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Geospatial Analytical Framework for Biofuels’ Water Sustainability: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Bioenergy Water Management

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How can we produce bioenergy in a manner that increases water use efficiency, lowers regional water stress, and mitigates nutrient and sediment loss? That’s the question Argonne National Lab researchers are working on with their

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Editorial: Tread Cautiously on Ethanol Drive: Focus Should Be on Raising Non-Cane Contribution to Ethanol Blended Petrol Programme to Protect Crop Diversity

(Telengana Today)  In the midst of soaring fuel prices and growing concerns over the environment, India has given a big push for the ethanol blended petrol programme (EBP), designed to reduce the country’s fossil fuel dependence and also lessen the burden

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Green Hydrogen: Can It Power a Carbon-Free Economy?

by Jim Robbins (Energy Today) Saudi Arabia is constructing a futuristic city in the desert on the Red Sea called Neom. The $500 billion city — complete with flying taxis and robotic domestic help — is being built from scratch

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Integrated Zero Liquid Discharge Solution Leads to Higher Ethanol Production & Annual Savings of $200,000

by Lyle Bennet & Mitch Manstedt (Kurita) A biofuels facility in the Midwest United States implemented an integrated Zero Liquid Discharge (iZLD) solution developed by Kurita America that significantly reduced water intake for ethanol production, enabling the facility to expand production

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How Green Are Electric Vehicles? In Short: Very Green. But Plug-in Cars Still Have Environmental Effects.

by Hiroko Tabuchi and Brad Plumer (New York Times) Here’s a guide to the main issues and how they might be addressed. -- ... But a lot depends on how much coal is being burned to charge up those plug-in

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Abandoned Cropland Should Produce Biofuels

by Steinar Brandslet (Norwegian University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org)  Growing perennial grasses on abandoned cropland has the potential to counteract some of the negative impacts of climate change by switching to more biofuels, according to an NTNU research group. Researchers consider

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Plateau, CONTEC Global Sign MoU to Establish Bio-Fuel Plant

(This Day) ... The Government of Plateau State in North Central region of Nigeria has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with CONTEC Global Limited to establish a cassava biofuel plant in the state. At the signing ceremony during the weekend in

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Sustainable Bioeconomy Vital for Freshwater Resources

(Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research/Phys.Org) In the future, the world may increasingly rely on renewable biomass resources for the provision of food, fodder, fiber and fuel. How this transition to a bioeconomy will affect Nordic water resources, is something BIOWATER, a

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Intensive Monoculture Is Putting Water Systems in Peril

(University of Birmingham)  The global spread of vast forest plantations and agricultural monocultures are turning once diverse landscapes into areas of land supporting single plant species, with profound implications for our terrestrial water cycle, according to new research. A new paper

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California Ethanol + Power Pursues 15-Year Agreement With CHS to Sell Ethanol Produced at Sugar Valley Energy Campus

(California Ethanol + Power)  California Ethanol + Power announced its intention to enter into a 15-year marketing arrangement with global agribusiness leader CHS Inc. A letter of intent between the companies reflects their intent for CHS to be the exclusive

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Exploring the Sustainability of the Indian Sugar Industry

(Standford University/EurekAlert!) Generations of political support for sugar cultivation have helped India become the second-largest producer of sugar worldwide. Now, the country's commitment to renewable energy could create additional benefits, like conserving natural resources and providing better nutrition to the poor. Stanford

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Smart Farms of the Future: Making Bioenergy Crops More Environmentally Friendly

by Julie Chao (Joint BioEnergy Institute) Farmers have enough worries – between bad weather, rising costs, and shifting market demands – without having to stress about the carbon footprint of their operations. But now a new set of projects by scientists at

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Smart Farms of the Future: Making Bioenergy Crops More Environmentally Friendly

by Julie Chao (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  Berkeley Lab launches three new projects to advance sustainable agricultural practices ... The three projects, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), leverage Berkeley Lab’s strengths in artificial intelligence, sensors, and ecological biology.

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Vale Male: Big Changes at the BioEnergy Technologies Office

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... If you’ve noticed that DOE is taking on a much more fundamental bit of science than we’ve seen in the past decade — a move away from catalyzing demonstrations and scale-up and towards more fundamental

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'Tequila' Powered Biofuels More Efficient than Corn or Sugar: Ethanol from Agave Could Be Used for Biofuels and Hand Sanitiser

by Marcus Storm (University of Sydney) The plant better known for making tequila requires no irrigation and produces comparable or better yields of ethanol than sugar or corn. Economic analysis shows a first-generation crop will need government support to kickstart

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Discovering New Uses and Markets for Ethanol

by Carrie Muehling (Energy.AgWired.com)  The 2020 National Ethanol Conference included a panel discussion on new uses for ethanol, moderated by Erik Huschitt, CEO and General Manager of Badger State Ethanol, LLC. Panelists included Keegan O’Donnell, Gas Power Systems, New Product Engineering, General

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Finding Environmental Markets Carbon Credits, Water Quality Markets Rebuild for Farmers

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer) When Ohio farmer Fred Yoder testified last month before the House Select Committee on Climate Change, the long-time no-till farmer and champion of climate-smart farming practices told lawmakers one of the best things that could

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Water-Based Tech Converts Biomass into Food Ingredients – Renmatix and Cargill Sign Joint Development Agreement

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Functional food ingredients from unused plant materials is just what Renmatix and Cargill are aiming to explore with their new joint development agreement, but what makes this breaking news even more fascinating is that Renmatix

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Biofuel Producers Make Gains in Efficiency, Productivity

(Argonne National Laboratory/Ethanol Producer Magazine) The nation’s biofuel producers have made significant gains in both energy efficiency and water conservation in recent years, according to a report released by the U.S Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory. The findings were derived from a recent

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Fuel from MSW and Biomass: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Velocys’ Aviation Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) For 17 years, Velocys has been working on XTL projects and their FT technology has operated on syngas derived from natural gas, landfill gas, coal and biomass. Philipp Stratmann, VP Biofuels at Velocys shared the latest from

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Biofuel Producers Make Significant Gains in Efficiency, Productivity and Conservation, Argonne Survey Shows

(U.S. Department of Energy Newswise)  Survey results conclude that there have been significant improvements in energy efficiency and water conservation.  -- The nation’s biofuel producers have made significant gains in both energy efficiency and water conservation in recent years, according to

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IJER Editorial: The Future of the Internal Combustion Engine

by R D Reitz, H Ogawa, R Payri, T Fansler, S Kokjohn, Y Moriyoshi, AK Agarwal, D Arcoumanis, D Assanis, C Bae, K Boulouchos, M Canakci, S Curran, I Denbratt, M Gavaises, M Guenthner, C Hasse, Z Huang, T Ishiyama,

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Energy and Water Sustainability in the U.S. Biofuel Industry

by May Wu (Argonne National Laboratory)  The progress of technology development for conventional and advanced biofuel production processes in the U.S. has been reviewed by several groups over the last two decades (Warner et al. 2017; Mueller and Kwik 2013;

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New Evidence on the Environmental Benefits of Biofuels

by Emily Skor (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Growth Energy report highlights ethanol's environmental benefits as EPA contemplates RFS reset. -- ... Right now, the agency is also crafting a rule that will set new goal posts for renewable energy in

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Report: U.S. Biofuels Help Drive Environmental Progress

(Growth Energy)  Growth Energy, the nation’s largest association of biofuel producers, released a new report examining the potential impact of a growing role for U.S. biofuels in America’s clean energy future. The report was authored by Ramboll, a global research and management firm

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Insane in the Membrane: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Whitefox’s Membranes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Whitefox uses membranes to carry out industrial water separation steps, including membranes for biofuels. Their first industrial installation was in Europe in 2002 for pharmaceutical grade ethanol, but installations now have expanded to industrial and

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WEBINAR: Renewable Energy's Global Trajectory and Can Hydrogen Close the Climate Emissions Gap? --- July 10, 2019

Please join SSF, and our co-hosts the Environmental and Energy Institute at George Washington University and the American Renewable Energy Institute in a 60-minute discussion of the renewable energy landscape and the rate of renewable deployment. We will also examine

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European Research Project Claims Breakthrough in Production of Renewable Jet Fuels from Sunlight

(GreenAir Online)  A project funded by the EU and Switzerland claims to have made a breakthrough in producing renewable jet kerosene from sunlight, water and CO2. The SUN-to-LIQUID project follows on from an earlier project, SOLAR-JET, that developed the technology to

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Argonne Releases Updated Computer Model to Help Bioenergy Developers Conserve Water

(Argonne National Laboratory)  Critical updates to WATER tool help the bioenergy industry manage resources.   --  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory recently released an updated version of an online computer model meant to help bioenergy developers preserve critical resources. The model, called

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ARPA-E Projects to Develop Sensors for Bioenergy, Agriculture

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy recently awarded nearly $6 million to four projects under its OPEN+ program for the Sensors for Bioenergy and Agriculture cohort team. According to ARPA-E, the team will

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ARPA-E Announces $11 Million for Fourth, Fifth OPEN+ Cohorts

Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) In Washington, D.C., the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) announced $11 million in funding for 7 projects in the next two cohorts of the agency’s OPEN+ program: Energy-Water Technologies and Sensors for Bioenergy and

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New Energy Presses on with Cellulosic Ethanol

by Mikkel Pates (AgWeek) New Energy Blue LLC is about five months away from finishing engineering and permitting on a $150 million plant project that would turn wheat and corn field residue into ethanol for high-end renewable markets. If everything goes

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Scientists Seawater Fuel Discovery Cuts Demands on Freshwater Use

(University of Huddersfield)  The use of seawater in the production of bioethanol significantly reduces of water footprint in the bioethanol production industry.  Bioethanol is a climate-friendly alternative to petrol and its adoption has been encouraged by many governments. In the fight against

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The Road to Feedstock Flexibility

by Chris Abrams (Biodiesel Magazine/Imerys Filtration)  Imerys personnel have spent much of 2018 talking about new and diverse feedstocks for biodiesel production, and how to help biodiesel manufacturers incorporate them into their existing processes. Here is an overview of that discussion. ... We

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Farmers in Guatemala Are Destroying Dams to Fight ‘Dirty’ Renewable Energy

by Simon Granovsky-Larsen (The Conversation)  ...  Ixpátz and four other rivers in the Champerico area had been re-routed from their natural courses and into large plantations. Joining forces with other small farmers, Santiago set out with pickaxes and sticks to break up

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The Establishment of a Marine Focused Biorefinery for Bioethanol Production Using Seawater and a Novel Marine Yeast Strain

by Abdelrahman Saleh Zaky, Darren Greetham, Gregory A. Tucker & Chenyu Du (Scientific Reports)  Current technologies for bioethanol production rely on the use of freshwater for preparing the fermentation media and use yeasts of a terrestrial origin. Life cycle assessment has suggested

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New Membrane Technology May Aid Biofuel Production

(Argonne National Laboratory/Biomass Magazine) Named for the mythical god with two faces, Janus membranes –double-sided membranes that serve as gatekeepers between two substances—have emerged as a material with potential industrial uses. Creating two distinct "faces" on these delicate surfaces, however, is

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Deeper into the Biomass: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to the DOE’s Billion Ton Report, Vol. 2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The US Department of Energy’s Billion-Ton Report: Advancing Domestic Resources for a Thriving Bioeconomy says that 1.2 billion tons of biomass would be available at $40 or less per ton by 2040, and 1 billion tons would be available

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Proposed Biofuel Plant Worrying Neighbors

by Morgan Downing (KAKE) ... VNA Corporation wants to build a biofuel plant north of Wellington.  The company plans on harvesting natural gas from wheat stalk. It says it will be new source of revenue for Kansas farmers. "To me, it's a smart move,"

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Inver Grove Heights Biofuel Plant Still on Track, but Hurdles Remain

by Erin Adler (Star Tribune)  Garbage-to-ethanol plant in Inver Grove Heights still needs approvals.   --  Plans to create the country’s first garbage-to-ethanol plant in Inver Grove Heights are progressing. Yet hurdles remain for Enerkem, the Canadian company that wants to build the

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NACSAA Advances Recommendations to Shape UNFCCC Agricultural Work Program

(25 x '25/North American Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance) Last November, we wrote here of a major breakthrough occurring at the global climate talks in Bonn, Germany, where, for the first time, delegates approved plans to establish an agricultural work program. What

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Study Says CRP Mixes Don't Live up to Biofuel Potential

by Julie Harker (Brownfield Ag News)  Mixed prairie grasses that are used in Conservation Reserve Program lands did not live up to their potential as biomass crops for cellulosic biofuel production, in an eight-year study. D.K. Lee, associate crop science professor at

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A Sit Down with Conrad Rautenbach from Green Fuel

(The Herald)  Fuel prices shot up recently before Government intervened by reducing import duty on fuel to stem the price madness that rose as a result. Questions have been raised as to the contribution of the multi-million dollar investment by Green

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New Study Shows Producers Where and How to Grow Cellulosic Biofuel Crops

(University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences/Science Daily)  A new report provides practical agronomic data for five cellulosic feedstocks, which could improve adoption and increase production across the country.  --  ... "Early yield estimates were based on data from

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Shift to Sustainable Food System in Europe Is Possible, but Faces Challenges

(European Environment Agency)  Making Europe’s production, consumption and trade in food environmentally sustainable is possible, but it will require a major shift in public attitudes, policies and knowledge and seizing current opportunities for change, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA)

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Masdar Institute’s SEAS Harvest Marks Critical Milestone In Development Of Sustainable Aviation Biofuel

by Erica Solomon (Masdar Institute News)   Harvesting of the First Crop of Oil-Rich Plants Grown in the Desert Using Seawater Brings the UAE Closer to Fueling Aircraft with Locally-Produced Biofuel  --   Masdar Institute of Science and Technology’s Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium

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Zimbabwe: Green Fuel's $1bn Expansion Project On Hold

by Martin Kadzere (AllAfrica/The Herald)  Ethanol producer, Green Fuel has put on hold its $1 billion expansion programme as the current environment does not support the scale of investment, sources have said. The company, jointly owned by The Agricultural Development Authority

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Water Management in Biomass Processing

by Lorenz Bauer (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) ... Managing the water in biomass processes like food production, fermentations, pyrolysis, and biodiesel production is critical to success.   There is an increasing appreciation of the value of clean water. The value of water

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Indian Scientists Turn Sugar Industry Waste Into Next-Gen Battery Material

(Sugar News)   Indian scientists have demonstrated that waste water from some of the dirtiest industrial processes can be turned into a carbon source for preparation of energy storage materials. Researchers led by scientists from Bhavnagar-based Central Salt and Marine Research

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ALTERNATE ENERGY: Ethanol: It’s Just Plain Corny

by James Bobreski (Finger Lakes Times)  ... Ethanol is the alcohol in our beer that we enjoy at a ball game, a party or after a long day at work. In this author’s opinion that’s where it belongs. Using food products as

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Eni and CONOE Sign Agreement for the Transformation of Used Vegetable Oils into Biofuels

(Eni) The agreement will see Eni’s refineries in Italy capitalize on a national energy resource by creating high quality biofuels from used vegetable oils, representing the final stage of the virtuous cycle of the “circular economy”. Used vegetable oils can be transformed

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Letter: Diversify Michigan Energy

by Bruce Dale (Detroit News)  Regarding “Renewable Fuel Standard has failed, April 16,” Prof. Wolfram has failed to do his homework. The corn grown to make ethanol is not the same as sweet corn we eat. Field corn is used for

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A&B Map Shows Possible Uses for Fallow Sugar Fields

by Lee Imada (Maui News)  A general map showing possible uses of now fallow sugar fields — including areas for possible biodiesel-producing tree orchards, coffee and cacao crops and livestock-irrigated pastures — was projected on a screen as the former

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Water: Lifeblood of the Process

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Successful water reduction and recycling require close attention to treatments and system impacts in ethanol production. --  ...  As the industry has improved its efficiency and recycling, water use has dropped by more

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Growing Algae for Food and Biofuel Could Cut Greenhouse Emissions

(Environmental Research Web)  Cultivating algae for food and biofuel could make a serious dent in our greenhouse gas emissions, as well as helping to save freshwater resources and reduce deforestation. Currently the emissions associated with land-use change and agriculture account for

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Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Seawater Agriculture in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf as a Potential Food and Aviation Biofuel Resource

by Brian Warshay, J. Jed Brown, Sgouris Sgouridis (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment)  Prospective evaluation of the lifecycle impacts of aviation biofuel production in Abu Dhabi, UAE based on a production system that integrates aquaculture, saltwater agriculture, and mangrove silviculture, termed an

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Forecasts of Algae Food Products Demonstrate Significant Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Water Use

(Bentley University/PR Newswire)  Bentley University research fellow Michael J. Walsh leads study finding algae food to have potential to mitigate climate change --  Scientists affiliated with the Marine Algal Industrialization Consortium have published a research article demonstrating the potential of

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Ethanol from Conventional to Advanced: The Digest’s 2016 Multi Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Recently, we held a well-attended webinar on the markets and makers of ethanol from conventional to advanced. Here below is a slide deck presented on the day, from Praj – going through the technology landscape that is

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Water-Energy Dependence around Pacific Rim Mapped in New Sandia Study

(Sandia National Laboratories)  A wide-ranging analysis of water vulnerability across the Pacific — including the U.S., China, Russia and Japan — has identified hundreds of locations where energy production depends upon scarce water supplies. The Sandia National Laboratories study, “Mapping Water

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Technology Quarterly: The Future of Agriculture

by Geoffrey Carr (The Economist)  If agriculture is to continue to feed the world, it needs to become more like manufacturing, says Geoffrey Carr. Fortunately, that is already beginning to happen  --  Tom Rogers is an almond farmer in Madera County,

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How Big Data is Disrupting Agriculture from Biological Discovery to Farming Practices

by Vonnie Estes (AgFunderNews)  With the need to produce more food using fewer inputs, agriculture is seeking new products, practices and technologies. As a planet we must use fewer chemicals and less water. Subsistence farmers need to close the yield

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The Wonder from Down Under: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Licella

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Licella produces drop-in biofuels from a wide range of biomass and uses a supercritical water-based technology and catalysts to break up biomass and reform it into a drop-in fuel hydrocarbon. The compelling features of supercritical are

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Best for Biofuels

by Dave Evensen (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Research finds where bioenergy crops would grow best while minimizing detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystems  --  ... Researchers at the University of Illinois used detailed models to examine impacts on water quantity and quality

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IEA and GBEP Launch Bioenergy and Water Paper

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Italy, IEA Bioenergy and the Global Bioenergy Partnership have published the “Examples of Positive Bioenergy and Water Relationships,” which includes examples that illustrate an encouraging variety both in terms of bioenergy systems and geographical

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BETO-Funded Study Offers Methods to Support a Water-Sustainable Bioenergy Industry

(US Department of Energy)  Argonne National Laboratory released a study funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) that examines the potential effects of future biofuel production on freshwater resources in the Missouri River Basin—a region that

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Review of Water Consumption and Water Conservation Technologies in the Algal Biofuel Process.

by Tu Q, Lu M, Thiansathit W, Keener TC (PubMed)  Although water is one of the most critical factors affecting the sustainable development of algal biofuels, it is much less studied as compared to the extensive research on algal biofuel

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Global Cleantech Summit: Business and Strategies 2015, September 8-10, Helsinki, Finland

by Maija Sihvonen* (Advanced Biofuels USA) Global Cleantech Summit 2015 concentrated on cleantech strategies and business cooperation. Some venture capitalists have already declared cleantech dead as it has undergone the typical innovation life-cycle and has suffered somewhat from hype. However,

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Ecological Farming: A Different Form of Agtech –Exclusive Report

by Louisa Burwood-Taylor (AgFunderNews)  ... “Ecological farming is ‘AgTech’ but of a different kind. It is a return to the original definition of ‘technology’, which comes from two Greek words: technis, which means art, skill, craft or the way something is gained, and logos,

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Biofuels as Seen by OPEC: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to Biofuels in the World Oil Outlook

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In this year’s World Oil Outlook, OPEC writes:  The prospects for first generation biofuels are constrained by factors such as land use changes, excessive water usage, and the impact on food production and prices from

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Brazil Pioneers the Rise of ‘Second Generation’ Biofuel

(Petro-Online.com)  The roads of Brazil are flooded with over 36 million cars. With over 60% of vehicles running on ethanol based petrol, the environmental credentials of the country are impressive. Over the past few years, a number of innovative ‘second

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University of Illinois Awarded Grant to Support Sorghum Research

(University of Illinois/Biomass Magazine)  The University of Illinois has been awarded a 3-year, $5 million grant from the DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy as part of its OPEN 2015 funding initiative (ARPA-E OPEN). Under Principal Investigator Andrew Leakey, Associate Professor of

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Roadside Gumweed in Nevada Could Be Used as Jet Fuel for the Military

by Whip Villarreal (University of Nevada, Reno)  College of Ag, Biotech and Natural Resources leads research project at University of Nevada, Reno  --  Glenn Miller is leading the effort in a project at the University of Nevada, Reno to convert roadside

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Biofuel Plan a Jobs Bonanza

by John Andersen (Townsville Bulletin)  Work on a $564 million biofuel project which is set to create about 650 jobs is expected to start at Pentland in June next year.  The project, underpinned by the National Australia Bank and the

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Biofuel Companies among 81 Signing Climate Change Pledge

by Ann Bailey (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Companies across the United States, are signing on with their support for the American Business Act on Climate Pledge.  By late October, 81 companies including at least 11 with ties to the biofuel industry,

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Three Sustainability Tools Are Enhancing Environmental Benefits of Biofuels

by Kristen Johnson and Alicia Moulton  (U.S. Department of Energy)  At the Energy Department’s Bioenergy Technologies Office, we’re actively working to develop the advanced biofuels industry in a way that leads to positive impacts and that demonstrates responsible stewardship of

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ICM Aims for Strong Legacy

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  For two decades, ICM has adapted with the changing times, bringing technology solutions to the ethanol industry.  --  In 1995, ICM Inc. got its start with the purchase of the engineering, manufacturing and marketing

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DOE Warns That Climate Change May Disrupt Growth of Biomass Feedstocks

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  On October 9, the U.S. Department of Energy released a report about the threats posed by climate change to the U.S. electricity and fuels sector, U.S. Energy Sector: Regional Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions.  Climate change

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Do Biofuels Massively Worsen Water Stress?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Does bioenergy place such massive pressure on water resources that it zeroes out the climate change benefits? Tweets around a recent article from PNAS say “yes, that’s so!” But is it really so? The dire headline tweeted by Carbon

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Perennial Biofuel Crops' Water Consumption Similar to Corn

(Michigan State University)  Converting large tracts of the Midwest’s marginal farming land to perennial biofuel crops carries with it some key unknowns, including how it could affect the balance of water between rainfall, evaporation and movement of soil water to

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Cactus as Biofuel Could Help with Food-Versus-Fuel Fight

by Jack Busby (ChemistryWorld/Scientific American)  Plants on arid land, rather than food crops like corn, could be turned into gasoline, new research shows New analysis from UK researchers suggests a previously overlooked group of plants could be key to providing sustainable bioenergy

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Key Excerpts Related to Fossil Fuels from Pope Francis' Encyclical on the Environment

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  The following are key excerpts from Pope Francis' Encyclical, “Laudato Si,” or “Praised Be,” in which he calls for renewable fuel use, energy efficiency, transition from harmful, smoky cooking fuels that foster deforestation, and other

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COUNTERPOINT: Ethanol a Valuable Part of Energy Mix

by Barry Blitsteihn  (Chronicle Herald)  A corn field is harvested near Coy, Ark. in 2012. Three years later, “corn prices are in the basement, yet ethanol production is off the charts, so how can you blame ethanol for food shortages?,”

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Researchers Study Benefits of Double-Cropping Camelina, Soybeans

(The American Society of Agronomy/Biodiesel Magazine)  In the U.S., federal mandates to produce more renewable fuels, especially biofuels, have led to a growing debate: Should fuel or food grow on arable land? Recent research shows farmers can successfully, and sustainably,

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State Releases Final Fracking Statement

by Scott Waldman (Capital New York) ... The Department of Environmental Conservation released the 2,000-page final Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement for fracking, which opponents and proponents around the country have been awaiting since Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced a ban on fracking

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Whitefox Signs Agreement with Pacific Ethanol Inc.

(Whitefox)  Whitefox (www.whitefox.com), the clean fuel membrane specialist, announced today that it has signed an agreement with California based Pacific Ethanol, Inc. (Nasdaq: PEIX) for the delivery of an industrial scale membrane system. The objective is to reduce the consumption

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Cool Planet Offers Help to California on Water Usage

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Cool Planet, a California-based company that makes an organic, water-saving soil enhancer, was inspired by the order and is offering to help reach this goal by delivering a truckload of its water-saving CoolTerra product to reduce water usage

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Industry, Water Advocates Come Together on Bioenergy Bills

by Frank Jossi  (Midwest Energy News)  Environmentalists and bioeconomy advocates reached an agreement last week to modify a bill moving through the Minnesota legislature that they hope will create a new clean energy and green chemical industry in Minnesota. The BioEconomy

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RIT Prof's Reputation in Waste Reaches Trump Organization

by James Goodman (Democrat & Chronicle)  Jeffrey Lodge is finding a niche at Rochester Institute of Technology as a go-to guy for finding new uses for waste. An associate professor of biological sciences, Lodge knows what it takes to break down

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Byogy Renewables and GEN 2 Energy Advance Value Chain to Produce Biofuels Competitive With Today's Oil Price

(Byogy/PR Newswire) Byogy Renewables, a biofuels producer based in San Jose, California, has executed a strategic partnership agreement with Gen 2 Energy, an alternative energy company from Ames, Iowa, to develop a more cost-effective biofuel production process. New yeast strains developed by

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Tulare County Collaboration Changing Cow Waste Into Clean Energy For Calgren

(Regenis)  Sustainable energy production entered a new era in California today as a consortium of American companies joined together with state energy officials to launch the Calgren Ethanol Biodigester, which utilizes waste from dairy farms to power the production of

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National Academies Press Publishes "The Nexus of Biofuels, Climate Change, and Human Health"

by Robert Pool, Rapporteur; Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Institute of Medicine (National Academies Press) Liquid fuels are a major part of modern life. They supply energy for ground, water, and

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Argonne Model Analyzes Water Footprint of Biofuels

by Greg Cunningham (Argonne National Laboratory)  A new version of an online tool created by the US Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory will help biofuels developers gain a detailed understanding of water consumption of various types of feedstocks, aiding

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The Evolution of Minnesota’s Ethanol Industry Parts 1 and 2

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  The Minnesota ethanol industry is evolving even in the face of growth challenges including continued uncertainty around the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). Since 2007 the industry has improved by leaps and bounds in terms of technological

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Milo Poised to Help Water Woes in Western Kansas

by Tim Unruh (Salina Journal)  Grain sorghum could be among the keys to reducing the massive mining of water in western Kansas, once it’s deemed economically desirable. Long an ugly stepcousin in the family of Kansas staple crops, grain sorghum —

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Answers for Your Questions about the Bioeconomy, Biofuels, Renewable Chemicals and Bioproducts

by Jim Lane  (Biofuels Digest)  ... With great sessions at conferences, delegates are usually keen to get a hold of the powerpoint decks. But how do you get a hold of the great Q&A that follows the presentations — or the

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AgriLife Research Study: Mesquite a Complementary Biofuel Feedstock

by Kay Ledbetter (AgriLife Today)  As requirements grow for use of cellulosic biofuels to meet the energy needs of the nation, researchers look at potential feedstocks and any effects these alternative sources may have on greenhouse gas emissions. A recent Texas A&M

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McIntyre Announces Over $1.7 Million to Support New Biofuel Facility

(U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre)  Project will create 65 jobs and support clean energy production U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre announced today that the City of Clinton has received $1,758,150 to construct water and sewer infrastructure to support the new Chemtex cellulosic biofuel

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Fortunately, Unfortunately: Pathways and Barriers to Algae Biofuels at Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Think algae biofuels are real and near? Or, think it’s a promotional scheme for attracting finance for nutraceuticals and academic bridges-to-nowhere?  The barriers might be more, or less, daunting than you think. Let’s look at

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Addax Bioenergy Certified by Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials

(Sierra Express Media)  Addax Bioenergy (SL) Limited has been fully and formally certified under the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB). This is said to quite an achievement and everyone involved has to be commended. RSB is recognized as being the

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Zimbabwe: Green Fuel, Zinwa Seal Deal

by Daniel Nemukuyu (AllAfrica.com)  Macdom Investments, a sister company to Green Fuel, has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Zimbabwe National Water Authority to ensure consistent raw water supply for sugarcane production in Chisumbanje. The sugar is for the Chisumbanje ethanol

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For the Greater Green: Algae-Based Advanced Biofuels Bring a Clean, Affordable Solution

by Paul Woods (Algenol/Renewable Energy World)  ...  When it comes to fuel production, climate change is a crucial issue that cannot be avoided. In the U.S., 3,600 million metric tons of CO2 are emitted from stationary sources alone, not to mention

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The California Drought Equation Stresses Need For Biofuels

by Peter Brown( Biofuels Magazine) Except for volume, biofuels and petroleum-derived products have reached parity in production efficiency and availability. What that means is that anything pulled from the earth can now be created from sources growing on the earth

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Gevolution 2014: Gevo’s Forward Progress, and Some Side-by-Side

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As Gevo reports its 4Q results and adds back some ethanol production, we look at the short-term gains and the long-term implications.   Why ethanol, why now — what’s the latest news mean from this signature

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Research Cutting Biodiesel Water Usage

(Process Engineering)  Scientists at the University of Porto are currently developing water-free methods to produce biodiesel using waste vegetable oils, animal fats and fatty wastes derived from industrial processes. Traditional methods of biodiesel production use large volumes of water to remove

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Algae Biomass Organization Hails New Publication that Identifies Most Promising Locations for Commercial Algae Production Projects

(Algae Biomass Organization)  Analysis can reduce time, cost associated with site development The Algae Biomass Organization (ABO), the trade association for the algae industry, today (March 10, 2014) lauded a new publication from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in partnership with

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policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) 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(synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet 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