40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit

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Agri-Pulse Open Mic: Michael McAdams, President, Advanced Biofuels Association

by Jeff Nalley (Agri-Pulse) This week’s Open Mic guest is Michael McAdams, President of the Advanced Biofuels Association. After an extensive career serving on Capitol Hill, McAdams founded the ABFA in 2006.  The group represents all aspects of the advanced biofuels

November 18, 2024 Read Full Article

Fuel Groups Warn of Higher Prices without Tax Credit Certainty

by Kim Chipman and Tarso Veloso (Bloomberg) More than 30 trade groups across the energy, farming and transport sectors say a lack of US government guidance on tax credits is putting Americans at risk of higher fuel prices. The current

November 13, 2024 Read Full Article

MN Bio-Fuels Moderates Panel at SAF Conference

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association) Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) executive director, Brian Werner, was a moderator on a panel at the recent Sustainable Aviation Futures conference in Houston on Oct 3.Titled, “Carbon Accounting, Lifecycle Analysis and Favored Feedstocks,” the panel featured Shawn

November 04, 2024 Read Full Article

Calculating Paths to Cleaner Corn

by Sue Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... Impressive 45Z tax credit incentives promise to reward ethanol producers who succeed in driving their CI below the qualifying threshold in the Inflation Reduction Act. The incentives are potentially even greater for those who

October 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Going for Gold: American Coalition for Ethanol’s 2024 Conference

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The American Coalition for Ethanol’s 2024 conference, themed “The Gold Standard,” featured important figures with industry impact, including representatives from Summit Carbon Solutions and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Held in Omaha, Nebraska, this year’s

October 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Treasury, IRS Issue Guidance for the Sustainable Aviation Fuel Credit (40B)

(Internal Revenue Service) The Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service today issued Notice 2024-74 PDF for the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) credit created by the Inflation Reduction Act. The SAF credit ranges from $1.25 to $1.75 for each gallon of sustainable aviation fuel in a

October 21, 2024 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel: According to Plan

by Anna Simet (Biomass Magazine) Doubling in attendance from its debut in 2023, the North American SAF Conference & Expo drew over 500 industry stakeholders to discuss progress and double down on initiatives to reach the near- and long-term goals of

October 15, 2024 Read Full Article

Daybreak Oct. 8: White House Hosts Farm Groups, Ag Leaders

by Lydia Johnson, Steve Davies, Noah Wicks, and Rebekah Alvey (Agri-Pulse)  USDA and the White House will host selected farm groups for meetings today (October 8, 2024) with government officials to discuss the Biden administration’s key ag and rural investments.  The “Farmers

October 09, 2024 Read Full Article

First-District Congressman Visits One of the First Dry Mill Ethanol Plants Built in Minnesota, Views the Ethanol Industry’s History and Future

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  --  Rep. Brad Finstad visited Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) Producer Member, Greenfield Global Winnebago, on Sept 4 to see the investments being made into one of the first dry mill ethanol plants built in Minnesota and

October 02, 2024 Read Full Article

Why Is It Taking So Long to Get the Necessary Guidance on the 45Z Tax Credit Program?

•by Jim Wiesemeyer (AgWeb)  ... There are a few key reasons why guidance on the 45Z clean fuel production tax credit program is taking a long time to be issued: • Complexity of the program: The 45Z credit is a new, technology-neutral credit based

September 24, 2024 Read Full Article

Ag Policy Blog: Reforming Climate Models: Leveling the Playing Field for American Agriculture

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)  Seth Meyer, USDA's chief economist, explained Monday at an agricultural outlook conference in Kansas City, Missouri, that he didn't want to get too deep into the weeds, but he told the audience of agribusiness leaders

September 23, 2024 Read Full Article

Minnesota SAF Hub Building Blend Plant: Minnesota Eyes 2025 for Completion of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blending Plant

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)   It has been just one year since the formation of a partnership to create what is the nation's first large-scale sustainable aviation fuel value chain in Minnesota, and a Delta Airlines representative said on Monday

September 18, 2024 Read Full Article

RFA Urges California to Adopt E15, Drop Unneeded LCFS Feedstock Tracking Requirements --- Hearing Scheduled for November 8, 2024

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association late yesterday called on California to allow the lower-cost, lower-carbon E15 fuel blend, containing 15 percent ethanol, as part of its efforts to enhance the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard. “E15 is a critical near-term

August 28, 2024 Read Full Article

Neste Provides Sustainable Aviation Fuel to United Airlines for Use at Chicago O’Hare International Airport in the U.S.

(Neste)  Neste will provide up to 1 million gallons (3,000 metric tons) of Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuel™ to United Airlines for use at Chicago O’Hare International Airport (ORD) in the U.S. through the end of 2024. This expansion of the existing

August 01, 2024 Read Full Article

AFB seeks to Protect Domestic Biofuels Feedstock Market

by Mark Magnuson (KXEL)  The American Farm Bureau says that it wants a better tax deal for U.S. biofuel feedstocks and does not intend to keep out alternative or competing fuels from foreign producers. AFB and other farm groups recently called for

July 29, 2024 Read Full Article

Valero Sees Policy Tailwinds for Renewable Diesel, SAF Operations — OPIS

(Oil Price Information Service/Morningstar) With a U.S. presidential election on the horizon, and potential changes to federal and state-level biofuel credit schemes looming, Valero executives on Thursday said they see "a lot of tailwinds" for its renewable diesel and sustainable aviation

July 26, 2024 Read Full Article

USDA Gets Climate Smart Farming Feedback

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com) The U.S. Department of Agriculture received lots of input from biofuels groups this week on how to prove the impact of climate-smart farming practices on the greenhouse gas (GHG) net emissions estimates associated with the production of

July 26, 2024 Read Full Article

RFA to USDA: Embrace Book-and-Claim Accounting for Climate Smart Agriculture Feedstocks

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association today submitted comments urging the U.S. Department of Agriculture to implement the use of a “book-and-claim” accounting framework for tracking and transferring the greenhouse gas benefits of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices through the biofuels supply chain. The comments

July 26, 2024 Read Full Article

Will Airlines Meet Their 2050 Net-Zero Emissions Goal?

by Helen Massy-Beresford and Graham Warwick (Aviation Week)  ... SAF can cost 3-5 times as much as standard kerosene and accounts for around 0.5% of global fuel usage. In Europe, ReFuelEU mandates are set to come into force Jan. 1, 2025, but

July 25, 2024 Read Full Article

Giving Lift To 45Z: Climate Smart Farming and the GREET Model

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... The industry waited for not months, but years to get an answer to that question, finally receiving direction in the 40BSAF-GREET 2024 model, released at the end of April. In an exclusive podcast interview with

July 19, 2024 Read Full Article

Opinion: Collaboration with Farmers Is Essential to Building America’s Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market

by Mitchell Hora (Continuum Ag/Americans for Clean Aviation Fuels/Agri-Pulse) American farmers are ready to make the United States the world’s leading producer of sustainable aviation fuel, which currently represents the most promising pathway to achieving net zero carbon emissions in aviation.

July 19, 2024 Read Full Article

AFBF: Clean Fuel Tax Credits Out of Reach for Many Farmers

(American Farm Bureau Federation/Morning AgClips)  Shortcomings in recent provisions could put the benefits out of reach for many farmers in the U.S. --  Sustainable aviation fuel and clean fuel production tax credits have the potential to benefit farmers while lowering America’s carbon

July 18, 2024 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel Could Help Clear the Air, Former Kansas Senator Says | Opinion

by Pat Roberts (Wichita Eagle/Americans for Clean Aviation Fuels) ... Unfortunately, SAF represents less than one percent of the current market and costs two to four times more than traditional jet fuel. To tackle this challenge, the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act

July 15, 2024 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Diesel and DME

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This week on ABLC CONNECT, we networked and exchanged information about the world of Renewable Diesel and rDME, and as part of the proceedings, we had the State of Renewable Diesel and rDME presentation. The slides

June 25, 2024 Read Full Article

A Look at 40B and 45Z Credits for Soy-Based Biofuels

(Pro Farmer/AgWeb) American Soybean Association (ASA) Chief Economist Scott Gerlt provided the following highlights: The 40B credit is available for 2023 and 2024. The program offers up to $1.75 per gallon for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with a carbon intensity (CI) reduction

June 10, 2024 Read Full Article

Groups Urge Treasury to Promptly Complete §45Z Clean Fuels Production Credit Guidance

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) Today (May 15, 2024), 25 trade associations representing producers, feedstock providers, blenders, consumers, and retailers of low-carbon, renewable fuels sent a letter to Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, urging Treasury to finalize and publish guidance for the §45Z Clean

May 15, 2024 Read Full Article

Farmers and 45Z Tax Credit: 45Z Tax Credit Offers a Market for Ag and Carbon Scores, Demands Data and Trust

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer) Farmers are still planting their 2024 spring crops, but their local biofuel plants are going to be increasingly focused on the carbon intensity score of those crops as well. The initial Treasury Department guidance for the

May 14, 2024 Read Full Article

The Case for E-fuels Use in Aviation

by Pete Rocha (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) The aviation industry produces 2-3% of all CO2 emissions globally. This percentage will likely grow over time as the developing world becomes richer and the demand for air transportation increases. In the graphic below, we

May 06, 2024 Read Full Article

RFA Welcomes 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Guidance, But Says Additional Work Needed

(Renewable Fuels Association) The 40B tax credit guidance and modified GREET model released today by U.S. Treasury begin to unlock the door for U.S. ethanol producers and farmers to participate in the emerging market for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). However, more work

April 30, 2024 Read Full Article

Biden Administration to Release Low-Carbon Aviation Fuel Tax Credit Model on Tuesday - Sources

by Jarrett Renshaw and Stephanie Kelly (Reuters)  The Biden administration is expected to release a climate model for its sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) subsidy program on Tuesday, two sources familiar with the matter said. The rule will dictate how ethanol producers can

April 26, 2024 Read Full Article

RFA Urges SAF Interagency Working Group to Use a 30-Year Time Period for LUC Calculations

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The Renewable Fuels association is urging federal officials to use a 30-year time frame to account for land use change (LUC) emissions as they work to complete the upcoming 40BSAF-GREET model, which will be used

April 03, 2024 Read Full Article

Pressing for GREET Model Update Details for SAF Tax Credits Delayed, But Will 'Send Right Signal,' Ag Secretary Says

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)   While groups are clamoring for certainty on how the Department of Treasury calculates tax credits for sustainable aviation fuel, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said the adjustments to the greenhouse gas model, or "GREET" model, won't

March 22, 2024 Read Full Article

Growth Energy CEO Spotlights Bioethanol’s Potential in Panel at CERAWeek

(Growth Energy) Yesterday (March 18, 2024), Growth Energy CEO Emily Skor joined global biofuel industry leaders on a panel at S&P Global’s CERAWeek to discuss the changing biofuels supply chain and the central role that American bioethanol will have in further decarbonizing the

March 20, 2024 Read Full Article

Ethanol Blog: Lawmakers Press Biden Administration to Fight Brazil Ethanol Tariff, Open Ag, Biofuels Trade

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)   With Brazil set to reconsider an ongoing tariff on U.S. ethanol imports a group of Republican lawmakers asked the Biden administration to be active in an upcoming public-comment period on the 16% tariff that is

March 20, 2024 Read Full Article

Biofuels M&A: 2023 Review & Outlook: A Thriving Industry, but Few M&A Deals

by Bruce Comer, Frank Kim, Zak Putlak, and John Panvica (Ocean Park/Biofuels Digest) The US biofuels sector in 2023 registered the flourishing of new technologies and billions in new investments – and an unprecedented low level of M&A activity: only two

February 13, 2024 Read Full Article

Hydrogen Rising: IRS Released Proposed Regulation to Section 45V of Internal Revenue Code Public Comments DEADLINE February 26, 2024 Public Hearing March 25, 2024

by John R. Kirkwood, Virginia M. Speck, Joshua L. Andrews, Aaron L. Szabo, Jason Deppen, Bryan Michael Allen (Biofuels Digest) In connection with the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), on December 22, 2023, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released a Proposed Regulation related

January 31, 2024 Read Full Article

Growth Energy Outlines 2024 Federal Policy Priorities

(Growth Energy) Growth Energy, the nation’s largest biofuels trade association, published its 2024 federal policy priorities today. Organized into three categories, the agenda offers a roadmap toward a more vibrant, sustainable future characterized by lower fuel costs, lower greenhouse gas (GHG)

January 24, 2024 Read Full Article

As 40B GREET Deadline Looms, RFA Offers Recommendations for SAF Emissions Modeling

(Renewable Fuels Association) In a letter submitted  to the Biden administration today, the Renewable Fuels Association laid out recommendations for ensuring that the best available science and data are used in determining eligibility for the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit established in

January 16, 2024 Read Full Article

Fire! Open Letter to US Treasury, Energy Secretaries on Addressing the Threat of Forest Fire via the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Which brings us to the forest, because once we have stopped by the commodity exchanges where oilseeds, grains, and waste fats and oils are priced and traded, we discover right away that commodity prices are

December 11, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Impact of the Inflation Reduction Act

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   IRA, everyone has heard about it — what does it mean? The IRA has been billed as the largest clean energy infrastructure investment in United States history. It allotted $370B to the development and promotion of

November 09, 2023 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel Industry Leaders Call on Biden Administration to Immediately Recognize Argonne GREET Model

(Renewable Fuels Association)  As President Biden kicks off a series of events focused on rural investment, 70 industry leaders covering nearly the entire supply chain for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) – including major airlines – called on the Biden Administration to unleash progress in

November 01, 2023 Read Full Article

Pivoting Ethanol Industry to Stay Relevant

by Tom C. Doran (AgriNews) ... Illinois Corn recently hosted a series of meetings and a webinar that addressed “the crossroads of carbon and corn.” The theme focused on the importance of reducing the carbon footprint that would create new market opportunities

October 25, 2023 Read Full Article

The Policy Push behind Sustainable Aviation Fuel

By Timothy Eggert  (FarmWeek Now)  ...  Attention and advocacy around sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), what (Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom) Vilsack frames as “the next generation” of liquid biofuels, has accelerated since 2016, with policymakers and industry stakeholders presenting it as

October 10, 2023 Read Full Article

Navigating the Financial Skyways: Financing SAF Projects in the US

by Todd Taylor (SAF Magazine/Avisen Legal) The pivot to SAF is not just a matter of overcoming technical and logistical roadblocks—it requires navigating an intricate financial labyrinth. ... Notably, equity and debt financing play pivotal roles in shaping the financial landscape of SAF

August 28, 2023 Read Full Article

MN Bio-Fuels Commends State Leadership for Supporting Agriculture's Role in Reducing Emissions in the Aviation Industry

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) commends Minnesota Department of Agriculture Commissioner Thom Petersen for his leadership advocating for the participation of agriculture and biofuel producers in decarbonizing the aviation sector in a recent letter to U.S. Secretary of Agriculture

August 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Growth Energy Releases New Economic And Job Benefits Data On IRA’s One-Year Anniversary

(Growth Energy) Exclusive new research illustrates tremendous potential of 45Z tax credit, importance of LCA modeling -- Growth Energy, the nation’s largest biofuels trade association, marked the one-year anniversary of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) by releasing new data on the economic,

August 22, 2023 Read Full Article

SAF Modeling Debate Isn’t Really about “GREET vs. ICAO.” It’s about Current Data vs. Old Data.

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association) Last year’s Inflation Reduction Act created tax credits meant to stimulate the production and use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), a critical tool in the aviation sector’s decarbonization strategy. To qualify for the tax credits, SAF

August 22, 2023 Read Full Article

RFA to Treasury: Success of SAF Tax Credit Depends on Fair, Science-Based Lifecycle Analysis

(Renewable Fuels Association) The use of science-based, consistent and transparent lifecycle analysis methods will be crucially important in implementing the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit under the Inflation Reduction Act, the Renewable Fuels Association said in comments submitted Friday to

February 21, 2023 Read Full Article
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drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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