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Nayara to Set up Two Ethanol Plants

by Kalpana Pathak (Economic Times/Microsoft Start) Mumbai: Russian energy giant Rosneft-backed Nayara Energy is planning to invest ₹600 crore to set up two ethanol manufacturing plants in the country, said a senior company executive. Each plant will have a production capacity of

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Carbon Markets Proliferate Worldwide — Report

by Anne C. Mulkern (Politico Pro Climatewire) Three dozen emissions trading systems are now operating worldwide, raising $74 billion in revenue last year. -- Washington state's carbon market was one of five new or heavily revised systems to launch in 2023, adding

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Biofuels Best Hope for Ag Markets: Hultman

by Tom C. Doran (AgriNews)  The U.S. export share of world trade has declined over the years due to increased global competition, making the expansion of biofuels all the more important. Over the past 30 years, world soybean demand is up 190%

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UN Aviation Meeting Agrees to Goal of 5% Lower Emissions by 2030

by Allison Lampert and Tim Hepher (Reuters) A meeting of more than 100 countries on Friday agreed to an interim goal for emissions reductions from global aviation by 2030 by using less-polluting fuels, but China, Russia and some others aired concerns

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The Hydrogen Economy: Making Green Steel Achievable

by Daren E. Daugaard (Lee Enterprise Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ...  Steel and iron production ranks first in total global CO2 emissions at 8% and second in overall energy consumption.  The industry must pivot aggressively and innovatively to meet modern challenges regarding emission prescribed

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Global Increase in Biomass Carbon Stock Dominated by Growth of Northern Young Forests over Past Decade

by Yang, H., Ciais, P., Frappart, F. et al (Nature Geoscience) Changes in terrestrial carbon storage under environmental and land-use changes remain a critical source of uncertainty in regional and global carbon budgets. We generated global maps of annual live vegetation biomass using

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The UAE Holds a Major Oil and Gas Conference Just ahead of Hosting UN Climate Talks in Dubai

by Jon Gambrell (Associated Press) The Emirati president-designate of the upcoming United Nations COP28 climate talks urged oil and gas companies Monday to be “central to the solution” to fighting climate change, a message delivered even as the industry boosts its

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The Biggest Thing Anywhere Ever? The Story behind the Global Biofuels Alliance

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... What’s missing?  The financial industry and investors in general. An actual scope of work. A leadership team. None of those impossible to produce, but none of those (yet) done — so, consider the Alliance to be

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New EU Carbon Tariff: German Industry Slams Bureaucratic Burden

by Nikolaus J. Kurmayer (EURACTIV.com)   Germany’s chemical and car industries are protesting the anticipated bureaucratic strain expected from the phase-in of the EU’s novel carbon border tariff (CBAM), while consultancy Deloitte finds that companies have failed to sufficiently prepare. European manufacturers

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Ex-McDonald's in Russia Feeds Waste Cooking Oil to Fuel Gazprom Neft's Vessels

by Olesya Astakhova and Vladimir Soldatkin (Reuters) Russia's successor to McDonald's has teamed up with energy company Gazprom Neft (SIBN.MM) to fuel marine vessels with biofuel produced using waste cooking oil an effort to lower their carbon footprints, the companies said on Thursday. Russia

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Lukoil Testing Algae-Based Biodiesel at Bulgarian Refinery, Selling Fuel from Waste in Finland

(Interfax)  Lukoil is studying possibilities for developing and producing new energy products, the Russian oil company said in a sustainability report for 2022. A project for experimental production of third-generation biofuel (biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)) based on AlgenCrude, which is

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India Plans Global Biofuel Alliance with Eye on Opec+

by Utpal Bhaskar (Mint)  India is working on a plan to allow bio-fuel exports and trading as it sews together a compact for Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA), whose foundation document is set for a launch later this month in Goa that will

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Duckworth, Fischer, Ernst, Klobuchar, Grassley Introduce Bipartisan Bill to Solidify Future of American-Grown Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(Office of Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL))  U.S. Senator and pilot Tammy Duckworth (D-IL)—member of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation (CST) and Chair of the Subcommittee on Aviation Safety, Operations and Innovation—and U.S. Senator Deb Fischer (R-NE) along

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Mining Critical to Renewable Energy Tied to Hundreds of Alleged Human Rights Abuses

by Katie Surma (Inside Climate News) A report released Wednesday faults the U.S. and other nations for providing incentives for the mining of rare metals like lithium and cobalt without enacting adequate labor and environmental safeguards. Over the past dozen years, hundreds

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New Study Reveals Possible Future Health Impacts Related to Climate Mitigation

(Pennsylvania State University/EurekAlert!)  Reduce fossil fuel use and air quality will improve, right? It might not be as straightforward as it appears, according to a Penn State-led research team. They explored almost 30,000 simulated future scenarios and found that some climate

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SCO Countries Agree to Closely Work Together on Emerging Fuels

by Subhayan Chakraborty  (Business Standard) Move will see China, Russia, others collaborate with India on emerging fuel tech, energy modelling, and transition goals -- In India, while the list of alternative fuel resources includes agriculture and forest residue, municipal solid waste,

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IAF Focuses on Green Tech, Expores Alternative Fuel to Cut down Emission

by Huma Siddqui (Financial Express) To cut down the carbon emissions for the Indian aviation industry, as reported earlier that Sustainable Air Fuel (SAF) can play a huge role; however, its large scale production is marred with challenges. -- ...

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RUDN University Chemists Improve Ethanol Conversion Using Activated Carbon Based Supports

(Russian Foundation for Basic Research/News Wise) RUDN University chemists have improved the catalyst for ethanol conversion. With it, a mixture of compounds with a high octane number was obtained. This was achieved thanks to a special substrate for the activated carbon

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Opinion: Carbon Capture a Critical Tool for De-carbonizing Fertilizer Industry and Strengthening Food Security

by Corey Rosenbusch (The Fertilizer Institute (TFI)/Agri-Pulse) ... In fact, over half of all food grown around the world today, for both people and animals, is made possible only through the responsible use of fertilizer. As the world population continues

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Producing Fertilizer without Carbon Emissions

by Fabio Bergamin (ETH Zurich/Science Daily) Researchers have shown how nitrogen fertilizer could be produced more sustainably. This is necessary not only to protect the climate, but also to reduce dependence on imported natural gas and to increase food security. --  Intensive

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How Much Mining Is Needed to Save the Planet?

by Jael Holzman (E&E News/Greenwire)  With climate change pushing the U.S. toward more rapid adoption of new technologies, many Republicans and Democrats are in rare agreement on one key point: This country needs a lot more mines. But exactly how much new

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Voted Out: Russia Loses ICAO Council Seat

by Luke Bodell (Simple Flying) Other council members advocated voting against Russia. -- Russia has lost its place on the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) 36-member governing council after failing to win enough votes from fellow members. The country's violation

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Scientists Create a New Catalyst for 'Green' Biodiesel

( The National University of Science and Technology MISIS/Tech Xplore) An effective industrial catalyst for the faster production of biofuels at low temperatures has been synthesized by an international scientific team with the participation of scientists from MISIS University. The

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Scientists Propose the Optimal Way to Produce Biofuels

(South Ural State University/TechXplore) Scientists from Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt have proposed the most effective mathematical model of the biodiesel production process at the moment. The simulation of the biodiesel production process from soybean oil and

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Europe’s Largest Biogas Producer Says EU Targets Are Unachievable

(Bioenergy Insight) Europe’s largest biogas producer has warned that it will take years to significantly boost production despite the EU pushing for a rapid increase in output to reduce reliance on Russian gas.  Biomethane is chemically identical to natural gas but

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Study Points to Armenian Origins of Ancient Crop with Aviation Biofuel Potential

by Talia Ogliore (Washington University in St. Louis/Phys.Org) Camelina, also known as false flax or Gold-of-Pleasure, is an ancient oilseed crop with emerging applications in the production of sustainable, low-input biofuels. Multidisciplinary research from Washington University in St. Louis is revealing the

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Biofuels to Play ‘a Big Role’ in Reducing EU Dependency on Russian Fossil Fuels: MEP

(Biofuels Central) In a landmark decision on 31 May, the EU agreed to end most Russian oil imports by the end of the year. Renewable biofuels have been touted as a means to partially replace the embargoed oil, as the domestically

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Can Biofuels Help Solve Europe’s Russian Oil Dilemma?

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com) ... In its REPowerEU plan, launched at the outset of the Ukrainian conflict, the European Commission set a pathway to reduce the EU’s dependence on Russian energy by two thirds before the end of this year before totally

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Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS) Has Developed Requirements for Ships Equipped to Use Alternative Fuels.

(Russian Maritime Register of Shipping)  RS develops alternative fuels requirements -- The relevant Circular Letter (No. 312-09-1760c) is accessible at rs-class.org in the Online Information – RS Circulars section and enters into force on July 1, 2022. The new requirements are integrated in the

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Why Do We Swallow What Big Oil and the Green Movement Tell Us?

by Thomas L. Friedman (New York Times)  ... Because our continued addiction to fossil fuels is bolstering Vladimir Putin’s petrodictatorship and creating a situation where we in the West are — yes, say it with me now — funding both sides

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Biofuels Help Ensure Europe’s Energy Security and Sustainability

by Simona Vackeová (ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  As the EU aims to increase its energy independence and steps up its ambitions to fight climate change, it should stay true to its goal of carbon neutrality and not overlook the full potential

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Top 5: Transport Energy & the GHG Marginal Cost Abatement Curve

by Tammy Klein (Transport Energy Strategies) • Marginal Cost Abatement: EVs and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are no surprise, but how about pyrolysis with carbon capture? Biogas Moves Up the Priority List in the EU: The war in Ukraine

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Letter: Ethanol May Not Adversely Harm World's Grain Supply

by Goeff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/St. Louis Post-Dispatch) Irepresent the Renewable Fuels Association. Regarding “Is expansion of ethanol in fuel wise or even ethical?” (April 20): Expanding the use of ethanol is indeed a wise and ethical move. Recent vehicle

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Let's Not Repeat the Mistakes from the Past! A New TikTok Video from Advanced Biofuels USA

by Nathália Fernandes Pimentel (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Let’s not repeat the mistakes from the past!  Volunteers with Advanced Biofuels USA are responding to the demands from students and TikTok posters to tell them what is being done to mitigate climate

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LCFC and Secretary Mabus’s Thoughts on Russia, Oil, Fuels: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Decarbonizing Transportation Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  If you missed the recent Digest Connect with two of the most important energy security hawks in the United States (Graham Noyes, Executive director of the Low Carbon Fuels Coalition, and former Navy Secretary Ray

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Angel Yeast to Ramp up Efforts in Sustainable Development Echoing Earth Day 2022

(Angel) Angel Yeast, a listed global yeast and yeast extract manufacturer, announced its plan to make more concrete moves to drive sustainable development on April 22, Earth Day 2022. It is the company's endeavor and commitment to "Invest in Our

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Biden Called for US Energy Independence — Advanced Biofuels Can Propel Us

by Michael McAdams (The Hill/Advanced Biofuels Association) ...  As (President Joe) Biden said, this moment “should motivate us to accelerate the transition to clean energy,” rightly touting his plan to shift the majority of passenger vehicles to electric. While the president’s commitment

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Biden to Invoke Defense Production Act for Electric Vehicle Battery Materials

by Zack Budryk (The Hill) President Biden is set to invoke the Defense Production Act (DPA) as early as this week to step up production of minerals used to manufacture electric vehicle batteries, a source familiar the plans confirmed to The Hill.  Biden is set to

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Call to Remove Food Crops from European Biofuels

by Aisling O'Brien (Agriland) Removing wheat from the production of biofuels in Europe would offset over 20% of the collapsed Ukrainian supplies, according to a campaign group. A study by Transport and Environment (T&E) has shown that 10,000 tonnes of wheat – the equivalent

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House Bill Bans Russian Oil, Increases Access to US Biofuels

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Reps. Angie Craig, D-Minn.; Randy Feenstra, R-Iowa; Cheri Bustos, D-Ill.; and Ashley Hinson, R-Iowa, on March 21 introduced the Home Front Energy Independence Act, a bill that aims to expand access to biofuels and ban

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Biomethane Will Deliver 20% of Current EU Gas Imports from Russia by 2030

(Bioenergy Insight) The biomethane sector will deliver 20% of current EU gas imports from Russia by 2030, the European Commission has announced. The Commission’s REPowerEU plan, released on 8 March, marks a decisive step towards the rapid development of Europe’s biomethane industry.

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Commodity Group Leaders Push for Expanded Use of Biofuels

by Daniel Grant (Farm Week Now)  While the U.S. scrambles to fill the void in the oil market created by the ban of Russian imports, commodity group leaders believe the solution is closer to home than Venezuela or Saudi Arabia. “If ever

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Opinion: The Oil Price Surge Is Bad. The Diesel Crisis Is Worse

by Javier Blas (Brisbane Times) ... The region accounts for about one-third of global biodiesel production. But with Ukrainian vegetable oil exports virtually stopped because of the Russian invasion, the price of rapeseed oil — a key ingredient of biodiesel

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EU to Use CAP Funds to Boost Biomethane Output

by Charles O'Donnell (Agriland) The EU plans to use funding under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to double the planned production of biomethane by 2030 in order to reduce the reliance on gas from Russia. The European Commission aims to double the

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Grassley and Ernst Call on Biden to Unleash Iowa Biofuel Immediately as Gas Prices Hit Record High, U.S. Bans Russian Oil

(Office of Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA))  Iowa senators introduce bipartisan legislation to open up the use of clean, American-made renewable fuels that are available right now to replace banned Russian oil  -- As gas prices hit all-time record highs, Sens. Chuck Grassley

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REPowerEU: Joint European Action for More Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy

(European Commission) The European Commission has today (March 8, 2022) proposed an outline of a plan to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels well before 2030, starting with gas, in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. This plan also outlines a series of measures to

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European Commission Sets 2030 Target for Biomethane Deployment

(European Biogas Association/NGV Journal)  The European Commission announced a target for the production of 35 billion cubic meters (bcm) of biomethane within the EU by 2030 as part of its REPowerEU plan. The biomethane value chain welcomes this target, which is

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BREAKING: Biden, UK Ban Russian Oil and Gas Imports

by James Arkin (Law360) The United States and United Kingdom will ban imports of Russian oil and gas, the countries announced Tuesday in the latest round of sanctions to target Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. President Joe Biden said the move

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U.S. Farm & Biofuel Leaders Call for Swift Action to Unleash Lower-Cost Biofuels

(Renewable Fuels Association) America’s top biofuel and farm advocates called on President Biden to swiftly expand access to plentiful, lower-cost biofuels as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine pushes fuel prices closer to record levels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is soon expected to finalize biofuel

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Our Response to the State of the Union Address: Ethanol Checks All the Boxes

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association)  In his first State of the Union Address, President Joe Biden spoke about many of the challenges facing our nation and world today, from the Ukraine invasion to domestic inflation, from climate change to the COVID pandemic.

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Missed Opportunity? Biden's State of the Union Hits Big Meat, Neglects Renewable Diesel

by Tyne Morgan (AgWeb) ... As the crisis in Ukraine continues to overtake the world’s attention, President Joe Biden delivered his first State of the Union address Tuesday night. And while he stated the U.S. is in a better place than it

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Clear Evidence of How Higher Ethanol Blends Lower Gasoline Prices

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Pictures worth 1000 words show the prices on March 1 at a Sheetz in Virginia. Compare the E10 Regular to E15 Unleaded 88 and E85 FlexFuel.  Compare those to the price of E0 --

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QUOTE OF THE WEEK -- Suriya Jayanti

What the White House should—and can—do now, is institute a full-spectrum energy export embargo on Russia. ... Europe will survive. ... Two months is not enough time to build new LNG terminals or full length pipelines, .... ... Biofuel infrastructure

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The Vital Missing Link in the U.S. Sanctions against Russia

by Suriya Jayanti (Time Magazine)  ... If this is what we have to work with, let us at least make it truly hurt by including embargoes of Russian energy, too.  ...   Oil prices have insulated Russia from sanctions hits, at least

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Russian Aviation Fuel Operator Gazpromneft-Aero Supplies SAF to Ural Airlines at Schiphol

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online)  Russian aviation fuel operator Gazpromneft-Aero has refuelled a Ural Airlines Airbus A321 cargo aircraft at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport with a sustainable aviation fuel blend as part of a cooperation programme with the Russian air carrier.

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Editorial: Conflicting Passions Burn Brightly over Biofuels Production Mandate

by Josh Sosland (World Grain/Milling & Baking News) ... Lost in the back and forth over the RVOs are the global forces driving strong prices for US edible oils. Viewed alone, the supply/demand balance for US soybean oil would not

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Green and Clean: New Eco-friendly and Sustainable Algae-Based Way to Fight Water Pollution

(Shoolini University)  To purify urban wastewater for reuse, researchers develop a new algae-based bioremediation method -- ... Recently, based on the fascinating potential of algae to remove a large number of chemical pollutants and various bacteria from water, scientists have

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Biomass: Fuel & Power --- April 13-15, 2022 --- Moscow, Russia

The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid

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First Flight on Russian Biofuel to Take Place in 2024 at the Latest — Gazprom Neft

(Tass)  SAF is the aviation fuel with the low hydrocarbon footprint, produced on the basis of raw plant material. Its application makes possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions up to 80% during carriage by air  --  Gazprom Neft, Aeroflot and

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Volga-Dnepr Group Initiates Creation of Eurasian SAF Alliance with Key Industry Stakeholders

(Volga-Dnepr Group) Volga-Dnepr Group, Airbus, Gazprom Neft, Aeroflot Airlines, National Research Center Zhukovsky Institute, Federal State Unitary Enterprise State Research Institute of Civil Aviation, and S7 Group signed Declaration with the aim to set Eurasian SAF alliance. The main task of

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Yesterday Is Always Tomorrow for the Global Bioeconomy

by Douglas L. Faulkner (Leatherstocking LLC/“Cleantech Conservative”/Biofuels Digest)  ... It never ceases to amaze me that the media and politicians frequently belittle biofuels and biobased products as old-fashioned, hopelessly low-tech, of no import, and, yes, even damaging to the environment and

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Severstal Increases the Share of Renewables in Its Energy Portfolio

(Severstal) Severstal, one of the world's largest vertically integrated steel and mining companies, has taken a strategic decision to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy portfolio, in part by increasing heat generation from biofuels at the operating boiler

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U.S. again Presses OPEC+ as It Weighs Reserve Release

by Timothy Gardner and Alexandra Alper (Reuters) ... The White House on Friday pressed the OPEC producer group again to maintain adequate global supply, days after U.S. discussions with some of the world's biggest economies over potentially releasing oil from strategic

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G-20 Fossil-Fuel Support Hits Nearly $600 Billion in 2020

by Victoria Cuming and Maia Godemer (BloombergNEF) The Group-of-20 countries have made headlines in recent months with some new pledges to achieve “net-zero” CO2 emissions by 2050 or, in China’s case, by 2060. But back in the here-and-now many of these

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Microalgae Help Purify Water and Synthesize Biofuels

(Russian Foundation for Basic Research/NewsWise) RUDN University chemist together with colleagues from India, Russia and South Africa showed that green microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana can be used for cleaning wastewater from a toxic pyrene. Algae absorb pyrene and at the same time change

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Fossil Fuel Industry Gets Subsidies of $11m a Minute, IMF Finds

by Damian Carrington (The Guardiain) Trillions of dollars a year are ‘adding fuel to the fire’ of the climate crisis, experts say --  The fossil fuel industry benefits from subsidies of $11m every minute, according to analysis by the International Monetary

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Gazprom Neft, Aeroflot Join Forces to Develop SAF in Russia

(Gazprom Neft/Biobased Diesel Daily) Gazprom Neft has entered into an agreement with Aeroflot on cooperating in producing Russia’s first ever minimum-carbon-footprint sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), under a document signed by Gazprom Neft CEO Alexander Dyukov and Aeroflot CEO Mikhail Poluboyarinov at

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Is Hydrogen the New Oil?

by Fred Pearce (China Dialogue)  Hydrogen may have lost the race to fuel electric cars but it looks a likely contender to replace fossil fuels in trucks, ships, planes and heavy industry -- ...  Japan, once a passionate advocate of

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Let's Prioritize American Renewable Fuels over Foreign Oil and Minerals

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/The Hill)  ...  But what’s not easy to see is why the White House recently chose to respond to higher pump prices by pushing OPEC+ countries to increase oil production. It was a baffling move that raised

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Scientists Offered Using Methanol in Power Generation for Electric Cars

(Ural Federal University/EurekAlert)  Technology is economical, safe, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient --  Professors at Ural Federal University (UrFU, Russia) Sergey Shcheklein and Aleksey Dubinin have developed a technology for generating energy for an electric car engine using methanol. An article describing

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New Catalyst Helps Create Biofuel from Waste Food Materials

(AZoCleantech)  A student from the Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics at South Ural State University (SUSU) and the winner of the UMNIK competition is working on a project to produce a fundamentally new catalyst that will help generate affordable biodiesel fuel

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RUDN University Chemists Created Cheap Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion

(RUDN University/EurekAlert) RUDN University chemists proposed a new way to synthesize catalysts for the conversion of ethyl alcohol. The obtained materials are promising catalysts for the selective conversion of ethanol, which is an important stage in the development of an alternative

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CMA CGM to Invest in Biomethane Production for Shipping

(Bioenergy Insight) CMA CGM Group, a major shipping and logistics firm, has launched a low-carbon shipping offer utilising biomethane.  The company has supported the production of 12,000 tonnes of biomethane – equivalent to a year’s fuel consumption by two 1,400

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British Military Looking to Move Aircraft to Sustainable Fuel Sources

by Ed Adamczyk (UPI)  A plan to use sustainable sources for up to 50 percent of military aviation fuel was announced by British Defense Secretary Ben Wallace this week.  The British Ministry of Defense on Saturday said it would look to algae, alcohol, household waste,

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20th Datagro Conference on Sugar and Ethanol: COVID 19 Impacts and Renovabio Set the Agenda

by Isabela Rodrigues* (Advanced Biofuels USA) In October, The 20th Datagro Conference on Sugar and Ethanol 2020 took place over a virtual platform with more than 4000 attendees. This year, Brazilian government authorities including Vice President Hamilton Mourão, Secretary of Amazon

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Biden Energy Plan May Be More Similar to Trump Policy than Expected

by Patti Domm (CNBC) • Former Vice President Joe Biden may have greener goals for U.S. energy, but he will not end or sharply curtail oil and gas fracking, energy experts concur.  • His $2 trillion plan would encourage investment

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Global Fuel Standards Are Pushing the Dirtiest Oil out of the Market

by Michael J. Coren (Quartz) Not all oil is equal. We think of petroleum as equivalent whether it comes from the ground in Saudi Arabia or Texas. But that’s not quite right. There are hundreds of grades of fuels out there,

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Scientists from Russia and Germany to Develop New Biotechnology Using Algae

(Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University/EurekAlert!)  Project to create a resource and CO2-neutral energy closed-loop technology from microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and duckweed Lemna minor. -- Researchers of Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University(SPbPU) in collaboration with Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) completed an international joint

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How to Get Electricity from Algae: Developed at ETU "LETI"

(St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University)  Researchers from St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" have developed a model of biofuel cell for electricity generation using cyanobacteria.  --  Nowadays, the engineering of environmentally friendly and renewable energy sources is one of the most important problems

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The Great Texas Oil Shutdown Has Begun

by James Osborne, Sergio Chapa and Erin Douglas  (Houston Chronicle) ...  The mass shutdown of Texas oil fields has begun after an unprecedented crash that last week drove crude prices into negative territory for the first time in history. From

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White House Likely to Pursue Federal Aid for Shale Companies Hit by Oil Shock, Coronavirus Downturn

by Jeff Stein, Will Englund, Steven Mufson and Robert Costa (Washington Post) ... The White House is strongly considering pushing federal assistance for oil and natural gas producers hit by plummeting oil prices amid the coronavirus outbreak, as industry officials close

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Oil’s Epic Crash Reminds Farmers They’re Also Energy Traders

by Isis Almeida, Michael Hirtzer, and Jen Skerritt (Bloomberg) Oil’s nosedive is sending farmers a stark reminder: they also need to be energy traders.  --  Growers have become more vulnerable to energy swings over the past decades as nations from the

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New BioHub for Europe’s Forestry Capital

(EFI)  EFI, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE) and University of Eastern Finland (UEF) are joining forces to create an International Bioeconomy Knowledge Hub (BioHub) in Joensuu. The three organisations signed a Memorandum of Understanding earlier this month. “We need to significantly increase

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One-Step Process: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to ETB’s Butadiene from Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ETB Catalytic Technologies developed a unique technology of producing butadiene from ethanol production. But the big question is how do they commercialize the technology? Just ask Vladimir Trembovolsky, CEO of ETB Catalytic Technologies who shared this presentation

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CALL FOR SPEAKERS International Congress & Exhibition “BIOMASS: Fuel & Power” — April 15-16, 2020 — Lesnaya, Moscow, Russia DEADLINE unclear

The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid

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NEW DATE International Congress & Exhibition "BIOMASS: Fuel & Power" --- POSTPONED to April 14-16, 2021 --- Moscow, Russia

The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid

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RUDN University Chemist Found a Catalyst to Improve Biofuel Production

(RUDN University/Phys.Org)  Chemists from RUDN University, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand), and the University of Cordoba (Spain) have developed a new method for the synthesis of biofuels from renewable vegetable raw materials. They proposed to use bimetallic catalysts for the production of

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Oil Firms to Pour Extra 7m Barrels per Day into Markets, Data Shows

by Jonathan Watts, Jillian Ambrose and Adam Vaughan (The Guardian) Projected production surge in next 12 years to be led by Shell despite climate crisis; Video: why we need political action to rein in the fossil fuel industry; Timeline: Half a century

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Russian Forum for Wet Milling & Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2019" --- November 19-20, 2019 --- Moscow, Russia

Forum for Wet Milling and Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2019" will be held on November 19-20, 2019 in Moscow, Russia. Technical Workshop "GrainExpert" for technical specialists of grain processing & fermentation plants will be held on November 21, 2019. We will discuss wet-milling: wheat gluten, native

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BP, Rosneft Join German Sustainable Aviation Fuels Initiative

(Biofuels International)  The Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany (aireg) has welcomed two new members: Rosneft Deutschland and BP Europa. ...  Oil major Rosneft’s biofuels commitment:  “Rosneft Deutschland currently produces around 300,000 tonnes of jet fuel annually and implements into-plane aviation fuel

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Neste to Divest Its Fuel Retail Business in Russia and Sell It to PJSC Tatneft

(Neste)  Neste Corporation has signed an agreement to sell its fuel retail business consisting of 75 fuel stations and a terminal in St. Petersburg region to PJSC Tatneft, one of the leading integrated oil and gas companies in Russia. The divestment

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Energy Policy - Beltway Buzz

(American Energy Society)  Energy Policy - Beltway Buzz - The Senate voted on (and rejected) the Green New Deal; Majority Leader Mitch McConnell teased the vote for weeks, while Republicans railed against the proposal as socialism; however, liberal activists upended the

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Russian Rocket for Suborbital Space Tourism to Use Ethanol as Fuel — Designer

(Tass) CosmoCourse plans to engage in space tourism starting from 2025  --  A projected rocket for commercial suborbital spaceflights, to be launched from a private space center to be built in Central Russia, will use ethyl alcohol as a fuel, the project’s

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World's Biggest Terrestrial Carbon Sinks Found in Young Forests - New BIFoR Study

(BioEnergy International)  More than half of the carbon sink in the world’s forests is in areas where the trees are relatively young – under 140 years old – rather than in tropical rainforests. These trees have typically ‘regrown’ on land previously

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International Congress & Exhibition "BIOMASS: Fuel & Power" --- April 18-20, 2018 --- Lesnaya Moscow, Russia

The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid

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G20 Countries Must Act Quickly to Decarbonise The Transport Sector

(Agora Verkehrswende)  According to a new report, CO2 emissions from transport are still rising. If immediate action is not taken, more radical measures will be unavoidable in the future.  --   To keep global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius, the world’s

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EBRD Plans to Invest 80 Million Euros into Ukrainian Bioenergy

by Jack Laurenson (Kiyv Post)  Biomass as a replacement for Russian gas in heating is one grassroots initiative that has become an emerging business, earning real profits for investors. For example, the biogas outlet in Velyky Krupil, Kyiv Oblast, provides electricity

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China New Energy Interim Profit Rises With Positive Policy Changes

by Dayo Laniyan (Morning Star/Alliance News)  Engineering and technology solutions provider China New Energy Ltd said it has seen continued success in the first half of 2018 due to changed policies in China, leading to increased production of ethanol and new

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Chemists Develop Nanocatalysts for Continuous Biofuel Synthesis

(RUDN University/Phys.Org)  A chemist from RUDN synthesized new catalysts with ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles for producing biofuel from organic biowaste. Nanocatalysts support more intensive and sustained reactions than the compounds currently available in the market. The results of the study were published

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German Chancellor Fellowship for Tomorrow's Leaders DEADLINE: September 15, 2018

The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation’s German Chancellor Fellowship program is targeted at recent university graduates from the U.S. and other countries who have an international outlook and initial leadership experience. The fellowships give graduates the opportunity to spend a year in

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Iran to Trump: Oil Will Cost $100 per Barrel, and It Is Your Fault

by Alex Lawler (Reuters)  Oil will soon cost $100 per barrel due to supply disruptions caused by U.S. President Donald Trump, Iran’s OPEC Governor told Reuters on Thursday, as he warned expectations that Saudi Arabia and Russia would help bring down

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Strategic Intent: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to UPM, the Biofore Company

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) UPM is going through a transformation to ensure sustainable value creation in the long term. The aim is to improve profitability, generate growth and increase the value of the company’s business portfolio. UPM has been transforming

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CALL FOR SPEAKERS: Russian Forum for Wet Milling & Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2018" --- November 14-15, 2018 --- Moscow, Russia DEADLINE: Uncertain

Forum for Wet Milling and Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2018" will be held on November 14-15, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. Technical Workshop "GrainExpert" for technical specialists of grain processing & fermentation plants will be held on November 16, 2018. Our Facebook page Event's presentation CALL FOR 2018 SPEAKERS The

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'Keep It In The Ground' Activists Optimistic Despite Oil Boom

by Jeff Brady (National Public Radio)  The United States oil business is booming and the country could soon be the largest crude oil producer in the world. Despite this record-breaking production, climate change activists campaigning to move away from fossil fuels

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Opinion: Putin Has Finally Gone Too Far

by David Ignatius (The Washington Post) ... So how can the United States and its closest allies alter (Russian President Vladimir) Putin’s behavior, if they’re truly serious about holding Russia to account? The answer, say several former senior CIA officials,

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Russian Forum for Wet Milling & Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2018" --- November 14-16, 2018 --- Moscow, Russia

Forum & Expo on grain processing & industrial biotechnology. Topics includes gluten, starches, glucose and fructose syrups, bioplastics (succinic, lactic and other organic acids) and other value added fermentation products.  Forum for Wet Milling and Industrial Biotechnology "Graintek-2018" will be held

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International Congress & Exhibition: "Biomass: Fuel & Power" --- April 18-20, 2018 --- Moscow, Russia

The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid

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OPEC Will Extend The Cut

by Zainab Calcuttawala (OilPrice.com)  There will be an OPEC deal extension—no matter the public tussling between opposing forces in the industry cartel—if the world's largest oil producers are really determined to end the supply glut. A failure to agree on the market

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Russian Scientists Discover Method to Convert Food Waste into Biofuels

(Skoltech)  ... Scientists from Skoltech and the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Joint Institute for High Temperatures have proposed converting food waste into biofuel via hydrothermal liquefaction – a thermal depolymerization process used to turn wet biomass into oil. ... The question of how

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Better Soil Could Trap as Much Planet-Warming Carbon as Transport Produces: Study

by Thin Lei Win (Reuters)  Improving soil health in farmlands could capture extra carbon equivalent to the planet-warming emissions generated by the transport sector, one of the world’s most polluting industries, experts said Tuesday. Soil naturally absorbs carbon from the atmosphere through

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Scientists Test a Microalgal Technology for Wastewater Treatment

(Phys.Org/ Lomonosov Moscow State University)  Members of the Faculty of Biology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University have proved that under Nordic conditions, wastewater could be treated with the help of microalgae, while algal biomass is suitable for processing into biofuel.

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Scientists Determine Algae Biofuel Composition

(Phys.Org/Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology)  Scientists have used high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine the composition of a biofuel obtained from the microalgae Spirulina platensis. The researchers studied two biofuel fractions obtained using a special algal mass treatment method. The

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Divestment Is Shifting the Geopolitics of Fossil Fuels

by Penney Kome (rabble.ca)  ...   Almost everyone is targeting fossil fuel consumption and, by extension, Big Oil. Most of us see the oil business as gas stations, or as mammoth corporations, or as roughnecks wrestling with oil rig hoses. Actually, says

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How Gold Can Recycle Biofuel Waste into Useful Additive

(Phys.Org/Tomsk Polytechnic University)  Gold nanoparticles serve as catalysts for obtaining valuable chemical products based on glycerol. Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University and their international colleagues are developing gold catalysts to recycle one of the main byproducts of biofuel production. The

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Grains Piled on Runways, Parking Lots, Fields Amid Global Glut

by P.J. Huffstutter and Karl Plume (Reuters)  ... World stockpiles of corn and wheat are at record highs. From Iowa to China, years of bumper crops and low prices have overwhelmed storage capacity for basic foodstuffs. Global stocks of corn, wheat, rice

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Butadiene from Ethanol in One Step: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to ETB Catalytic Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ETB Catalytic Technologies has developed a one-step process for producing butadiene from ethanol – and attracted investment in March 2016 from Zavkom Group and grant funding from Skolkovo for Pilot testing. Low energy consumption and

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Birdlife and T&E to Release Anti-Biofuel Documentary in January

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, following on from the November release of their joint publication “The Black Book of Bioenergy”, Birdlife Europe and Central Asia has again teamed with Transport & Environment on a documentary set for release

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Trump’s Nixonian Pivot

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News of high-level appointments have been streaming out of Trump Tower all this week and last, and two trends are already clear: it’s a group mostly out of the business and military communities, and there’s

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Not Energy Independent, Yet

by Rick Uldricks and Hudson Councilman Casey Weinstein (Twinsburg Patch) In truth, when it comes to energy security, there is good news to be found, but not at the bottom of a well.  --  Fossil fuel boosters love to say that energy

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WikiLeaks Emails Show How Clinton’s Campaign Chief Once Opened Doors for Energy Firm

by Kevin G. Hall (McClatchyDC)  Hillary Clinton’s campaign chief once opened doors at home and abroad for an alternative energy firm whose investors include a Vladimir Putin-supported Russian company. These ties were highlighted last week when Donald Trump’s campaign alleged that

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Water-Energy Dependence around Pacific Rim Mapped in New Sandia Study

(Sandia National Laboratories)  A wide-ranging analysis of water vulnerability across the Pacific — including the U.S., China, Russia and Japan — has identified hundreds of locations where energy production depends upon scarce water supplies. The Sandia National Laboratories study, “Mapping Water

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Russia Ethanol Production Set to Grow

by Eugene Gerden (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Impending tax abolishment to provide the impetus for the development of Russian ethanol industry.  --  Plans to lift a hefty excise tax on fuel ethanol by the Russian government are being called revolutionary. Recent statements

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Select Stations in Finland to Sell 100 Percent Renewable Diesel

by Ron Kotrba (Biomass Magazine)  Neste announced plans to begin selling 100 percent renewable diesel at select stations in Finland come January. The company says the product launch is one way it plans to participate in the centennial celebration of

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ICAO Carbon Offsetting Scheme Moves a Step Closer to Agreement as Council Releases Final Draft Resolution Text

(GreenAir Online)  ICAO’s 36-State governing Council has released final draft text of a Resolution to be put before the UN agency’s triennial Assembly later this month on a global market-based measure (GMBM) aimed at keeping global net CO2 emissions from

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Report Features Data on EU Pellet, Biogas Markets

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  A report recently filed with the USDA Foreign Agriculture Service’s Global Agricultural Information Network provides an overview of the European Union’s biofuel market, including data on wood pellets and biogas. Regarding pellets, the report explains that

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Clean Energy: Steam Reformation Technology

by Zoltan Kish (Lee Enterprises/Biofuels Digest)  ... The primary challenge of clean energy production is the heterogeneous nature of waste and biomass, which creates a widely varying chemical constituency of the energy products generated from these processes. Feedstocks can be converted to

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Hope Springs Eternal for Ethanol in the Far East

By Ed Hubbard (Renewable Fuels Association)  ...  At APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum), I found a delegation of countries that weren’t just committed to biofuels, but eager about the future and promise they held for those countries’ domestic economies, energy

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APEC Ethanol Forum Highlights Asia as Next Frontier For Exports

(U.S. Grains Council)  The growing interest for ethanol in the Asia-Pacific region is driven in part by ever-growing environmental concerns, especially those related to rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and deteriorating air quality, the direct results of rapidly-rising fossil fuel consumption

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Ethanol: For the Rubber or the Road? New Russian Tech Advances for One-Step Alcohol-to-Butadiene

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Russia, ETB Catalytic Technologies has received $0.6 million from ZAVKOM and Skolkovo Fund as a series A investment to build a pilot plant for the production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol, The investors received 22%

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AP Interview: Corruption Probe Holds Lessons for Monaco

by Angela Charlton (Associated Press/Washington Post)  Monaco’s government says it’s investigating how an alleged vast oil corruption scandal involving a Monaco-based company long went unnoticed, even though the principality has opened up its financial sector and cracked down on tax

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Breaking Europe’s Addiction to Oil

by Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Peder Holk Nielsen (Novozymes)  Former Secretary General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Novozymes’ CEO take steps to highlight Europe’s problematic addiction to oil – and what can be done about it  --  ... Europe is

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Bailout the US Shale Oil/Gas Industry or Fund Clean Sustainable Renewable Transportation? A New Way of Looking at the Options. Press Release

For Immediate Release February 12, 2016—Frederick, MD Advanced Biofuels USA correspondent Robert E. Kozak analyses the potential for a reinvigorated US shale oil/gas industry with and without government subsidies; and compares it to the potential for near-term growth of renewable sustainable clean,

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Bet on Biofuels, Not Russian Gas, Former NATO Chief Tells EU

by Ewa Krukowska (Bloomberg/Renewable Energy World)  European Union governments and companies would do better increasing production of renewables, such as biofuels, than counting on a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to ensure energy security, former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen. The

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After the Fall: Rebuilding US Liquid Fuel Production - Invest in Our Land or the Shale Oil Fields? (Part 2 of 2)

Efforts to promote a sustainable use of natural resources are not a waste of money, but rather an investment capable of providing other eco­nomic benefits in the medium term. If we look at the larger picture, we can see that

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Egregor Plans Ethanol Plant in Northern Russia

(Biofuels International)  Egregor Biotech and Evolution Group is planning to construct a bioethanol plant in the forest-rich Komi Republic in Northern Russia. The plant would process 400,000 tpy of unusable timber and sawmill residues into 100,000 tonnes of ethanol, according to

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Green Ideas for Emerging Resources: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to VerdeNero, CelloFuel and Russian Opportunity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  “We are a boutique technical consulting and service firm to the alternative energy and resources industry,” said the VerdeNero manifesto, adding: “We provide services in technology transfer, system analysis and integration. We operate at the boundaries between engineering, economics, environment

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Mathieu Flamini's No Fuel

(The Sun)  Mathieu Flamini has kept a big secret from family, friends and team-mates for SEVEN years.  But today in an exclusive SunSport interview the Arsenal ace reveals that, along with a close pal, he has created a pioneering company

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Hamrick Engineering Granted Patent for Extracting Sugars and Nanocellulose from Biomass

(Hamrick Engineering/Your Oil and Gas News)  Hamrick Engineering is pleased to announce the granting of a broad patent for extracting sugars and nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). “This ground-breaking patent describes how to extract

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Answers for Your Questions about Low Oil Prices and Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest looks at security and energy security ---  ...  This week, the head of Russian state intelligence service, Alexander Bortnikov,warned of a potential “invasion of Central Asia”by Taliban or ISIS forces. And, the US and

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Calysta and Its Happy Meal

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s not just fish meal, it’s happy meal — for investors, we hear. As Calysta pivots towards methane-to-protein and supersizes its business plan, we visit with CEO Alan Shaw to find out who’s lovin’ it.

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Kyoto Protocol's Carbon Credit Scheme ‘Increased Emissions by 600m Tonnes’

by Arthur Neslen (The Guardian)  Major UNFCCC carbon trading scheme hit by serious corruption allegations involving organised crime in Russia and Ukraine -- A key carbon offsetting scheme was so open to abuse that three quarters of its allowances lacked environmental

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UK Diesel Specification to Include New FBT Parameter from November: Sources

(Platts)  The UK diesel specification will include a new limit for filter blocking tendency from November following a series of car engine breakdowns in northern England and Scotland in the past two winters, market sources said Wednesday. ... A total of 14,845

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Enzyme Could Create Biofuels 14 Times Faster than Current Methods

by Bill Scanlon (National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Renewable Energy World)   Scientists at the Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have developed an enzyme that could change the economics of biofuel conversion by converting biomass to sugars up to 14 times

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The 41 Weirdest Things Ever Used to Make Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Bunnies, liposuction fat, Prince Charles’ leftover wine, day-old whale, the human poo bus, fire ants dipped in hexane, old beer, raging fireballs, vibrating blobs, dope, and even the New Orleans Times-Picayune.  Take your pick and,

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4 Minutes with…Oleg Padalko, Director, N-f-P Partnership

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Main areas of activity:waste minimization programs for industrial enterprises planning and implementation,MSW flows,incl. landfills, analytical description and management programs, pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction of waste and not usable biomass for CHP production. ... Next 12 months

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New EU Sanctions against Russia Impact European Biofuel Companies

by Richard Weiner  (Fredrikson & Byron/Biodiesel Magazine)  The Council of the European Union has recently enacted regulations that require the member states of the European Union to impose sanctions against Russian individuals and companies in response to Russia’s military action in

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4 Minutes With…Svitlana Kroll, Senior Research Scientist, Southwest Research Institute

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... With more than 65 years of experience in automotive and fuels research and development, SwRI is uniquely positioned as an international expert in the research, development and testing of renewable fuels. ... As Emission Chemist, my main

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8 Trends Driving Aviation Biofuels Today

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  SkyNRG is undertaking its first major feedstock project in South Africa, featuring a nicotine-free energy tobacco crop that’s developed by Sunchem under the name of Solaris. Which is an excellent reminder of how much activity

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Why Were This Company’s Computers Attacked Millions of Times This Year? Algae.

by Steven Mufson (The Washington Post)  About 16 months ago, a Florida-based biofuel company called Algenol noticed that its Internet service was slowing down. In checking that out, Jack Voth, Algenol’s information technology chief, stumbled on something odd: a telnet

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Why Fuel Subsidies in Developing Nations Are an Economic Addiction

by Brendan Greeley (Bloomberg BusinessWeek)  ... In the developing world, it’s tempting for a country to keep the price of fossil fuels artificially low. The subsidy can take the form of a price cap, preventing oil companies from charging too much

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policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) 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(synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet 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