solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)

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SOLID OXIDE – Two 5-Letter Words for EARTH MONTH

SOLID OXIDE Fuel Cells (SOFCs) represent a promising technology in the field of energy conversion, offering high efficiency and versatility and the potential for use of renewable fuels such as ethanol and methanol.  The key components of an SOFC include an

April 26, 2024 Read Full Article

What Are Solid Oxide Fuel Cells? How Do They Work?

by Eric Loewen (Stanford Advanced Materials) The third generation of fuel cells includes the solid oxide fuel cell (also known as SOFC), an all-solid-state device that efficiently and sustainably transforms chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy at

April 08, 2024 Read Full Article

Exploring the Untapped Potential of the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Market

by Shalini Nagar (Research Nester/Biofuels Digest)   Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) are a promising technology that have the potential to revolutionize various industries. This blog post explores the various applications and future potential of DMFCs. DMFCs utilize methanol, a liquid fuel

March 25, 2024 Read Full Article

Nissan Starts Trial of Stationary Power Generation System Fueled by Bio-ethanol

(Nissan) Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. today (March 6, 2024) announced that it has developed a stationary, bio-ethanol-fueled system capable of high-efficiency power generation. Trials have begun at Nissan’s Tochigi Plant in Japan aimed to improve power generation capacity toward full-scale operations

March 07, 2024 Read Full Article

GE Aerospace Researchers to Build, Demonstrate Prototype Engine with Fuel Cells, SAF

(GE Aerospace/Biobased Diesel Daily) Following successful completion of the design phase of its FLyCLEEN project, the U.S. DOE’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy has awarded GE Aerospace Research $4.5 million in Phase 2 funding to take the next step of building and

October 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Colas Rail UK’s Freight Business Has Collaborated with G-Volution Ltd to Decarbonise Locomotive Operations

(Colas Rail) Colas Rail UK’s Freight Business has collaborated with G-Volution Ltd to decarbonise locomotive operations by using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) running on near net zero carbon emission Bio Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Bio-LPG) to generate power for auxiliary load. With

October 19, 2023 Read Full Article

Ethanol-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with HEA Internal Reforming Catalyst for Transportation Applications

(Green Car Congress) Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Connecticut have demonstrated high-performance metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFC) with an integrated high entropy alloy (HEA) internal reforming catalyst (IRC) for transportation applications using ethanol and methanol

August 28, 2023 Read Full Article

South Korean Shipbuilders Bet Big on Green Fuels

by Seo Jin-woo and Han Yubin (Pulse) South Korea’s big three shipyards are accelerating their efforts to build green ships using eco-friendly fuels amid the migration to carbon neutrality worldwide. According to the shipbuilding industry on Tuesday, the profitability of eco-friendly

January 09, 2023 Read Full Article

EverWind and Svitzer Announce Joint Development of Green Fueled Vessels

(EverWind Fuels/Globe Newswire) Partnership to deliver first green fuel powered commercial tug vessels in Canada -- EverWind Fuels Company ("EverWind"), a private developer of green hydrogen and ammonia production in Nova Scotia, and Svitzer, a leading global towage operator and part

October 04, 2022 Read Full Article

HydrogenOne Capital Growth plc £20 Million Investment in Leading Global Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stack Specialist Elcogen

(HydrogenOne Capital Growth)  HydrogenOne Capital Growth plc (“HydrogenOne” or the “Company”), is pleased to announce that it has signed definitive agreements for an investment of £20m (EUR 24m) in Elcogen Plc (“Elcogen”). Elcogen’s shareholders include Biofuel OÜ, and VNTM Powerfund II,

May 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Decarbonizing Power & Producing Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to FuelCell Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Capturing carbon while simultaneously generating power – sounds like a win-win and FuelCell Energy is working on exactly that with their fuel cell tech. From product portfolio to their next phase of growth, this is

March 02, 2022 Read Full Article

Hungry for Value: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to The Wolfpack on Green Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you missed the ABLC Wolfpack’s take on 5 key Green Hydrogen companies, then check out this slide guide that covers FuelCell Energy, Ballard Power Systems, Plug Power, Bloom Energy and Air Products & Chemicals

December 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Bloom Energy, Conrad Energy and Electricity North West Construction & Maintenance Bring Hydrogen-Ready Power to the United Kingdom

(Bloom Energy)  Reliable, future-proof and cost-predictable technology platform helps commercial and energy-intensive organisations meet net-zero carbon goals  --  Bloom Energy (NYSE: BE), Conrad Energy, and Electricity North West (Construction and Maintenance) Limited (ENWCML) today announced plans to collaborate on the

December 03, 2021 Read Full Article

The Case for Onboard Carbon Dioxide Capture on Long-Range Vehicles

by Amanda Morris (Northwestern Now) Method can be implemented based on existing technologies  --  Researchers argue that long-range vehicles, including cargo ships, should be powered by solid oxide fuel cells and use onboard carbon dioxide (CO2) capture; Depending on fuel

October 14, 2021 Read Full Article

The University Team Making Ships Carbon Neutral

(Bio Market Insights)  A team of researchers from Northwestern University, Illinois have developed a novel means of decarbonising the shipping industry, using CO2-capturing solid oxide fuel cells to make vessels carbon neutral – or even carbon negative. These fuel cells

August 25, 2021 Read Full Article

Group Develops SOFC that Produces Electricity with Ethanol

(Green Science Alliance/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Green Science Alliance has been developing various types of electrode and solid electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). This time, Hideki Yoshioka and Ryohei Mori at Green Science Alliance have created SOFC which can produce electricity not

July 29, 2021 Read Full Article

Scientists Offered Using Methanol in Power Generation for Electric Cars

(Ural Federal University/EurekAlert)  Technology is economical, safe, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient --  Professors at Ural Federal University (UrFU, Russia) Sergey Shcheklein and Aleksey Dubinin have developed a technology for generating energy for an electric car engine using methanol. An article describing

July 23, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Announces $52.5 Million to Accelerate Progress in Clean Hydrogen

(U.S. Department of Energy) Projects Support DOE’s Recently Announced Hydrogen Energy Earthshot to Lower Cost, Advance Breakthroughs for Clean Hydrogen Technology -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $52.5 million to fund 31 projects to advance next-generation clean hydrogen

July 07, 2021 Read Full Article

Green Science Alliance Has Developed SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) Which Can Produce Electricity with Bio-Ethanol

(Green Science Alliance/PR Newswire) Green Science Alliance has been developing various types of electrode and solid electrolyte for SOFC. This time, Dr. Hideki Yoshioka and Dr. Ryohei Mori at Green Science Alliance have created SOFC which can produce electricity not with hydrogen, but with bio-ethanol.   Electronic

July 07, 2021 Read Full Article

VTT, Neste et al in Search for E-Fuels Breakthrough

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Finland, a partnership led by VTT and Neste aimed at using sustainable electricity and sequestered carbon dioxide to make fuels received €3.3M (about $4 million USD) in funding from Business Finland. Altogether, EUR 6

February 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Aircraft Fuel Cell Development Takes Flight after UL Lafayette Lands Grant

(University of Louisiana at Lafayette) An energy storage and power generation system being designed at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette could make flying the friendly skies less harmful to the environment. Solid oxide fuel cells are “a key component” within

December 28, 2020 Read Full Article

How to Build a Green Hydrogen Economy for the US West

by Jeff St. John (GreenTechMedia)  The Intermountain and ACES projects may be the start of a regionwide green hydrogen generation and transmission network.  -- Out in Utah, a coal-fired power plant supplying electricity to Los Angeles is being outfitted with natural-gas-fired

November 19, 2020 Read Full Article

Hybrid SOFC-Turbogenerator for Aircraft Newest DOE Awardee

(Maryland Energy Innovation Institute) In the latest round of funding, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced $18.5M as part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy’s (ARPA-E) Range Extenders for Electric Aviation with Low Carbon and High Efficiency (REEACH) program. The REEACH program objective is to develop

November 03, 2020 Read Full Article

Article in Science: Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Technology to Unlock the Full Potential of Renewable Power

by Aleksandra Wójcik (Haldor Topsoe)  An article in the esteemed Science magazine suggests that solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology can unlock the full potential of renewable power and provide climate-friendly fuels. SOEC is a core technology in power-to-X solutions

October 12, 2020 Read Full Article

SoCalGas Now Powering Two Los Angeles Facilities with Bloom Energy AlwaysON Microgrids

(Southern California Gas Co./PR Newswire) Fuel cell power will reduce GHG emissions, air pollution and electric costs, and increase reliability -- Southern California Gas Co. (SoCalGas) today announced it has begun powering two of its largest Los Angeles-area facilities with Bloom Energy (NYSE: BE)

July 22, 2020 Read Full Article

Hydrogen and Energy Storage: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Part 3 of 3 Hot Hydrogen Multi-Slide Guides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Part 3 of today’s Hot Hydrogen slide guides, Southern Company’s Noah Meeks takes a look at how hydrogen mitigates multiple issues in a low-carbon transition, the valuation of hydrogen energy storage in a high

June 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Who’s Afraid of the Big, Bad Pandemic? How New Technologies Add Resilience to Our Economy and 7 Wolfpack Experts Analyze the Options

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... A thread of hope appeared this week from the bioeconomy’s Wolfpack, seven due diligence experts hungry for value — Paul Bryan, Ron Cascone, David Dodds, Michele Rubino, Joel Stone and Steve Weiss. Let’s see how they

June 09, 2020 Read Full Article

DOE to Provide $30 Million to Develop Small-Scale Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems and Hybrid Energy Systems

(Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) has announced up to $30 million in federal funding for cost-shared research and development projects under a funding opportunity announcement (FOA) for Small-Scale Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems

June 04, 2020 Read Full Article

Methanol as Fuel, Chemical Feedstock and Liquid Hydrogen Carrier: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Methanol as Fuel and Feedstock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Methanol is versatile – it can be used as turbine fuel, cooking fuel, and as a fuel for solid oxide fuel cells. But G.K.Surya Prakash from University of Southern California shares in this illuminating presentation other

March 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Biofuels Production and Consumption in Denmark: Status, Advances and Challenges

by Sune Tjalfe Thomsen and Henning Jørgensen (IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Newsletter)  1. Status of transportation biofuel industry in Denmark -- In Denmark, a considerable part of the total energy demand is derived from renewable sources. In 2017, 26% of

December 06, 2019 Read Full Article

VTT Solves Challenges of Making Emission-Free Mobile Hydrogen

(Hydrogen Digest) From Finland we have news that VTT has combined devices that produce hydrogen from water and electricity from hydrogen into a single movable system that produces hydrogen with an efficiency as high as 80–90%. The problem Weak efficiency has hindered the

December 03, 2019 Read Full Article

Department of Energy Announces $98 Million for 40 Transformative Energy Technology Projects; Fuel Cell Projects Funded for $12.5M

(FuelCellsWorks)  The U.S. Department of Energy announced $98 million in funding for 40 new projects as part of OPEN 2018, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy’s (ARPA‑E) latest open funding opportunity. These funds will support some of America’s top energy innovators’ R&D

November 22, 2018 Read Full Article

Where’s Ethanol Going to Go?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... According to POET CEO Jeff Broin, there’s a deal on the table — changing almost by the hour, but a deal none the less. A deal on the table to provide year-round E15 approval for the biofuels industry

March 23, 2018 Read Full Article

ARPA-E Announces $16M in Funding for 8 New Projects to Develop High-Efficiency Distributed Generations Systems Integrating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

(FuelsCellsWorks/U.S. Department of Energy)  Innovative Natural-gas Technologies for Efficiency Gain in Reliable and Affordable Thermochemical Electricity-generation (INTEGRATE) The U.S. electric system is dominated by large, central power plants and an extensive transmission and distribution system commonly referred to as the “grid.” Two-thirds

March 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Nissan Considering Hybrid, Fuel-Cell and Biofuel Utes and Vans

by Tim Nicholson & Justin Hilliard  (GoAutoMedia/Cars Guide)  Nissan has confirmed it is looking at range-extender hybrid, hydrogen fuel-cell and biofuel powertrain options for its future line-up of light-commercial vehicles, including the Titan large pick-up. When questioned about possible future LCV powertrains

February 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Power-to-Liquids: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology

Sunfire’s key technology is the Solid Oxide Power Core – a stack of high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). SOFCs convert chemical energy from a gaseous fuel into electricity and heat. Unlike conventional fuel cells, Sunfire fuel cells can also be

February 08, 2018 Read Full Article

Are Electrics a Bridging Technology, and Hydrogen Fuel Cells the Future?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Recently, Lexus’ Paul Williamsen told Australia’s CarAdvice team: “Both hybrid and EVs are merely bridging technologies on the way to the solution, which is hydrogen. The problem with EVs is a simple matter of chemistry – we won’t

November 04, 2017 Read Full Article

Methanol and Bio-Economy: Now and the Future

by Lorenz Bauer (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) ... Methanol and bioeconomies are two of the buzz words of the last decade. They had their origin in the “peak oil” scare and the predicted sky rocketing oil prices. They were further

August 25, 2017 Read Full Article

Nissan Brazil Ends Initial Tests of Ethanol Fuel Cell

by Fernando Calmon (Just Auto) Nissan was the auto industry's first company to develop a vehicle prototype powered by a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that works with bio-ethanol. By combining this and two other technologies (electric motor and a 24

June 20, 2017 Read Full Article

The New World Has Arrived: 16th International Conference Datagro Sugar and Ethanol Promotes the Innovations of the Sector

[caption id="attachment_78189" align="alignleft" width="300"] Panel of Experts discussing "Ethanol and Economic Development" at Datagrow 2016 conference[/caption] by Laís Forti Thomaz* (Advanced Biofuels USA) On October 17-18, 2016, Datagro held its 16th International Conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Once again, this event reunited

October 24, 2016 Read Full Article

Strategic Intent: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste, Nissan

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This season, The Digest is hosting the Strategic Intent webinar series, looking at the plans, progress and future milestones of strategic stakeholders in the Advanced Bioeconomy.  In this slide deck, we looked at Nissan and

October 05, 2016 Read Full Article

Could Ethanol Power the Future for Electric Cars?

by Daniel Gallas (BBC)  The automotive industry is rushing to produce electric vehicles (EVs) as the world tries to move away from polluting hydrocarbons to greener, cleaner fuels. But EVs still only account for 1% of the total market. Some companies are

August 16, 2016 Read Full Article

Nissan Unveils World’s First Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Vehicle

(Nissan Motor Co./Automotive World) In Brazil today, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. today revealed the world’s first Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell (SOFC)-powered prototype vehicle that runs on bio-ethanol electric power. Nissan president and CEO Carlos Ghosn said: “The e-Bio Fuel-Cell offers eco-friendly transportation and

August 05, 2016 Read Full Article
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ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and 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Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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