NOx (nitrogen oxides)

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Study Finds LNG Dual-Fuel Vessels Lowest Cost Compliance Solution to Decarbonise Shipping

(SEA-LNG) Industry coalition SEA-LNG analysis shows that LNG dual-fuelled vessels provide the lowest compliance cost for meeting EU and IMO decarbonisation regulations. Using Z-Joule’s POOL.FM, SEA-LNG has undertaken analysis based on a modelled mid-sized, 14,000 TEU container vessel. This analysis is in the form of both

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EPA Grants Waiver for California’s Advanced Clean Cars II Regulations

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Agency additionally grants waiver for low-NOx regulations for heavy-duty and off-road vehicles and engines  --  Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is granting two requests from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for waivers to implement and enforce

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Stolt Tankers Forecasts 18% Emission Reduction as Inland Fleet Moves to Renewable Fuel

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy)  Norwegian tanker operator Stolt Tankers has revealed that all ships in its inland tanker fleet will be bunkered with renewable fuel in December, delivering around an 18% reduction in carbon emissions.  According to the operator, all ships

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UECC and Titan Agree Landmark Biomethane Deal

(UECC and Titan)  UECC vessels to sail on biomethane supplied by Titan for rest of 2024 and most of 2025, representing largest ongoing LBM commitment in shipping -- United European Car Carriers (UECC) and Titan Clean Fuels (Titan) have signed a new

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable Marine Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation deck from Due Diligence Wolf Paul Bryan provides a brief overview of the shipping industry, highlighting its significant role in global trade and its substantial contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. The presentation deck emphasizes

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Special Issue: What to Expect during the Trump II Presidency

(American Energy Society/Energy Matters)  From experience, we all know that when Donald Trump is president, nothing is certain. It is hard to predict how the energy sector will change, both domestically or around the world. This special issue of Energy Matters

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California Dreamin’: The Decades Long Hate-Love-Hate Relationship between California and Ethanol Is Trending the Wrong Way.

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Governors' Biofuels Coalition)  With 29 million cars on the road and a nearly 14 billion gallon gasoline market, the state of California is a market unto itself. With 1.4 billion gallons of ethanol in the

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CARB Updates the Low Carbon Fuel Standard to Increase Access to Cleaner Fuels and Zero-Emission Transportation 0ptions

(California Air Resources Board)  The approved program amendments will catalyze private sector investment in decarbonizing California’s transportation sector to support climate action and cleaner air. -- The California Air Resources Board today approved updates to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) that

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Navigating New York City's Waterways to Become Cleaner and Greener As Staten Island Ferries and NYC Ferry Begin Testing Renewable Diesel

(NYCEDC)  Renewable Diesel, a Petroleum-Free Alternative to Traditional Diesel Fuels Reduce Carbon Emissions by 60 Percent or More; NYC Ferry Launches Additional Measures To Reduce Engine Emissions and Kickstart of New Sustainability Strategy for the System —  New York City Department of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Next-Generation Feedstocks for the Emerging Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A team of researchers have designed a project to develop productive, cost-effective, and sustainable warm-season perennial bioenergy feedstock production systems on marginal croplands across geographic locations in the Midwest. They have found  that there is limited data

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Cover Crop Valorization for Biofuels and Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Agriculture contributes >9% of US total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nitrous oxide, CO2, and methane from soil management is the biggest GHG contributor. There is a need to reduce the carbon intensity of biomass feedstocks. A

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Baylor Engineers Reveal Ultra-Clean Biofuel Breakthrough

(Baylor University/Mirage News)  In new research published in the journal Fuel , Baylor University researchers with the Cornerstone Atomization and Combustion Lab (CAC) have unveiled a pioneering method for the efficient combustion of biofuels, using a revolutionary Swirl Burst (SB) injector to burn

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Construction Begins on Technology Platform for Power-to-Liquid Fuels (TPP)

(German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR))  - In Leuna, Germany, DLR is building the largest ever research facility for the production of e-fuels.  - The Technology Platform for Power-to-Liquid Fuels (TPP) will be used to optimise e-fuels

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HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Develops Ammonia Dual-Fuel Engine and Receives Approval from 7 Major Classification Societies

(HD Hyundai Heavy Industries)  ▶ The world’s first high-pressure direct injection ammonia dual-fuel engine (model name: H22CDF-LA)  ▶ Certification obtained from seven major classification societies including KR, ABS, BV, DNV, NK, LR, and RINA  ▶ “We will continue to lead the ammonia-fueled shipbuilding market and drive

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DOE Invests $29 Million to Reduce Carbon Emissions

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Projects Will Help Advance Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion Technologies -- The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) today announced $29 million for 12 research and development projects to fund two carbon management

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HVO Biofuel Powers Farrell’s Mission for a Greener Fleet

(Farrell Furniture) Farrell is excited to announce a major step in its ongoing sustainability journey: the entire fleet of vehicles is now powered by HVO biofuel. This transition is a crucial part of the company’s mission to reduce carbon emissions and

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Head of International Shipping Regulator Says Industry Must Do More to Cut Carbon Pollution

by Peter Prengaman (Associated Press)  For years, the international shipping industry has been criticized for making little progress in reducing the carbon-belching pollution released from the fuels that vessels use in moving most of the cargo that people use every day,

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Maritime Energy Transition: mtu Large Engines from Rolls-Royce Now Approved for HVO and IMO III

(Rolls-Royce)  mtu Series 1163 and 8000 engines are available with SCR systems for compliance with IMO III emission limits; Customized exhaust aftertreatment offers shock protection for military vessels; Ship operators can now run mtu Series 1163 and 8000 engines on sustainable fuels; Up to

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2024 Mercedes-Benz Actros, Arocs in Malaysia – Now with Euro 5 Engines, B30 Biodiesel Compatible

(Paultan.org)  While Malaysia continues to only mandate the Euro 4 emissions standards for new vehicles, Hap Seng Trucks Distribution (HSTD) is going ahead with the launch of the revised Mercedes-Benz Actros, now with Euro 5 engines. The event also sees the

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More Green Downstream: Farmers Using a New Microbial Nitrogen Fertilizer

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Farmers using a new microbial nitrogen fertilizer from Pivot Bio have reduced carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by more than 932,500 metric tons since 2022. With feedstock accounting for half of the carbon intensity of a

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FuelEU Explainer: Is the Industry Ready for 2025?

(Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping)  It’s the final (FuelEU) ‘Countdown’ -- This newsletter concludes the series by the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping on how companies can embrace the opportunity created by FuelEU Maritime to decarbonize. ... Explore

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Proman Steps up Methanol Refuelling at Point Lisas, Trinidad, as Orders for Methanol-Fuelled Ships Accelerate

(Proman)  With 2 ships refuelling this month, 12,500 MT of methanol fuel will have been supplied by Proman to vessels in Trinidad in the past 12 months, demonstrating its potential as a methanol bunkering hub -- Stena Prosperous was refuelled in the port

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OpEd: Hydrogen Plays Role In Energy Transition

by Katrina Fritz (California Hydrogen Business Council/Los Angeles Business Journal)   Earlier this year, state elected officials and agency leaders convened with clean energy experts at the California Hydrogen Leadership Summit to discuss why hydrogen is critical in the fight against

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Port of Hueneme Partners with STAX Engineering “Breaking Waves” with Emissions Capture and Control Project

(Port of Hueneme)  The Port of Hueneme, a vital gateway for international trade and a leader in environmental stewardship, is proud to announce its groundbreaking collaboration with STAX Engineering, a leader in maritime emissions capture and control. Together, they are revolutionizing emissions

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ABS Releases 'Industry-First' Ammonia Bunkering Guidance

by Gary Howard (Seatrade Marine News) ABS has published a new advisory covering technical and operational challenges in ammonia bunkering from the perspective of both the source and receiving vessel. -- Ammonia is among the maritime industry's future fuel contenders due to

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Study Finds Health Risks in Switching Ships from Diesel to Ammonia Fuel

by Adam Zewe (MIT News)  Ammonia could be a nearly carbon-free maritime fuel, but without new emissions regulations, its impact on air quality could significantly impact human health.  --  One potential solution is switching the global fleet from fossil fuels to sustainable

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ARPA-E Announces $36 Million to Develop Technologies to Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ethanol Production, Reduce Operating Costs for American Farmers

(U.S. Department of Energy) ARPA-E Unveils New Technologies to Emend and Obviate SYnthetic Nitrogen’s Toll on Emissions (TEOSYNTE) Program -- Today (July 11, 2024), the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) announced up to $36 million in funding to develop technologies to lower

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IVECO and the CNR Present a New Study on the Environmental Impacts of cCompressed Biomethane for the Decarbonisation of the Sector

(IVECO) An analysis by the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in partnership with IVECO confirms bio-CNG as the optimal solution for waste collection – the perfect example of “well-to-wheel” circular economy. -- IVECO, established leader in the alternative traction sector, has promoted

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US to Fund Lower-Emission Fertilizer with Eye to Greener Ethanol

by Leah Douglas (Reuters) The U.S. Department of Energy plans to spend $36 million on technologies to lower emissions from applying synthetic nitrogen fertilizer to corn and sorghum used in ethanol production, the agency said Thursday. The money would support projects that reduce

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XPO Logistics Makes Progress in Reducing the Environmental Impact of the Tour de France

(XPO Logistics)  As the Official Transport Partner of the Tour and the Tour de France Femmes avec Zwift, XPO will use an electric truck for the first time and, again, HVO biofuel to support Amaury Sport Organisation in its CSR

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ADBA Welcomes Labour to Office and Shares Roadmap for Biogas Sector Support

by Alasdair Rogers (Anaerobic Digestion and Bioresources Association) The green gas association ADBA – Anaerobic Digestion and Bioresources Association – congratulates the Labour Party on their General Election victory and welcomes the new Government’s emphasis on tackling climate change through rapid

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Procedures for Quantification, Reporting, and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with the Production of Domestic Agricultural Commodities Used as Biofuel Feedstocks DEADLINE July 25, 2024

(U.S. Department of Agriculture)  The U.S. Department of Agriculture is seeking public input on procedures for the quantification, reporting, and verification of the effect of climate-smart farming practices on the greenhouse gas (GHG) net emissions estimates associated with the production of

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Blue World Completes Successful Testing of 200 kW Maritime Fuel Cell System to Run on Green Methanol

(Blue World) With a successful test of the first ever 200 kW HT PEM fuel cell system, an important milestone was reached in bringing new technology into play to push forward the decarbonisation of the maritime industry. -- After months of preparation,

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5 Hydrogen Combustion Engines Set to Break the Mold

by Gaurav Roy (Securities.io)  Hydrogen combustion has emerged as one of the most promising fuel options, offering significant environmental value and performance. At a design level, these engines date back more than four decades. In 1970, inventor Paul Dieges patented a modification that enabled

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ASTM International Honors Steve Howell with Prestigious Eagle Award

(Clean Fuels Alliance America)  Clean Fuels Alliance America proudly announces that Steve Howell, MARC-IV (M4) Consulting, was honored with the prestigious Eagle Award at the semi-annual ASTM International D02 Committee meetings in Austin, Texas this week (June 19, 2024). The Eagle Award honors

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New Study Shows Plug-in Hybrid Flex Fuel Vehicle Has Major Economic, Climate Advantages Over Battery EVs

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association today released a study documenting the economic and environmental benefits of the world’s first plug-in electric hybrid flex fuel vehicle (PHEFFV). After rigorous emissions testing, lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis, and nearly 34,000 miles of real-world driving,

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Bio-CNG-Fueled Fleets in California Achieving Carbon-Free Footprint Today

(Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas/The Transport Project) The Transport Project (TTP) and Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas (RNG Coalition) – with partner California Renewable Transportation Alliance – today (June 4, 2024) announced that California fleets fueled with bio-CNG achieved carbon-negativity

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Rushcliffe Vegetable Oil Bin Lorries Successfully Rolled Out!

(Rushcliffe Borough Council)  Rushcliffe Borough Council’s new hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) bin lorries that reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 90 per cent have been rolled out across the Borough! The introduction of the converted vehicles, that are powered solely by waste oil

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Green COP Launches Pre-Commercial Plant in Malaysia

(Bioenergy International)  Singapore-based Green COP Pte Ltd, a sustainability start-up company pioneering innovative biofuel solutions, has announced the launch of its pre-commercial plant in Johor, Malaysia. According to a statement, the pre-commercial plant is a significant milestone in Green COP’s mission to

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Airlines Divide over New EU Rules on Monitoring and Reporting of Their Non-CO2 Emissions

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir) Global airline body IATA has called for “urgent action” on better understanding of the climate effects of non-CO2 emissions from aircraft at high altitudes, in particular cirrus cloud formation from persistent contrails. Scientists have long warned that

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Proman Stena Bulk Formally Names Methanol Tanker Stena Prosperous in Singapore

(Stena Bulk) After the ceremony, the vessel will be bunkered with a methanol blend that demonstrates the pathway to a decarbonised shipping future --  Proman Stena Bulk, the joint venture between leading tanker company Stena Bulk and leading methanol producer Proman, has

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Volvo to Launch Hydrogen-Powered Trucks

(Volvo) Volvo Trucks is developing trucks with combustion engines that run on hydrogen. On-road tests with trucks using hydrogen in combustion engines will begin in 2026, and the commercial launch is planned towards the end of this decade. Trucks that run

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What You Need to Know with Biofuels

(Lloyd's List/ClassNK)  Biofuels are attracting attention as ‘drop-in’ replacements during shipping’s lengthy transition from fossil to clean fuels -- While a wide availability of alternatives such as hydrogen and ammonia are still some way off, biofuels do not require major modifications to

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EPA Announces $9M in Grants Available for Tribes and Eligible US Territories to Replace Diesel Equipment and Reduce Harmful Emissions DEADLINE December 6, 2024

(U.S. EPA)  Today, May 7,  the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced the availability of grant funding available to Tribal governments and eligible territories to implement projects aimed at reducing diesel emissions from older diesel engines. Legacy diesel engines emit large amounts

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The Case for E-fuels Use in Aviation

by Pete Rocha (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) The aviation industry produces 2-3% of all CO2 emissions globally. This percentage will likely grow over time as the developing world becomes richer and the demand for air transportation increases. In the graphic below, we

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Volvo Peru Delivers the First LNG Tractors to HAM Criogénica Perú

(HAM Criogénica Perú)  The vehicles have HPDI technology -- Volvo Peru has delivered its first LNG tractors on the South American continent. These vehicles have been acquired by HAM Criogénica Perú and are characterized by having high pressure direct injection (HPDI), which

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Unique Move: PostNL Adds Four Million Litres in Biofuels (HVO100) to European Diesel Network

(PostNL) PostNL delivers mail and parcels on foot, by bike and by EVs as much as possible – and uses HVO100 renewable fuels for large transport vehicles where electrification is not yet feasible. HVO100 produces less toxic emissions such as NOx

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Decarbonizing the Shipping Industry

by Wily Salim (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) ... Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), a more dense and more viscous liquid than diesel, is the current dominant fuel used in the marine shipping industry. This is because HFO is relatively affordable, has high energy density,

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Altens Launches a New, More Environmentally Friendly B100

(Altens (Google Translation))  Altens, a leading player in the decarbonization of transport, is strengthening its activity in biofuels with the launch of the low-carbon PUR100. This alternative fuel, produced from French rapeseed, has a greater power to reduce greenhouse gases than

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RTX's Pratt & Whitney Collaborates with FAA to Study Non-CO2 Emissions under FAA ASCENT Program

(Pratt & Whitney)  Tests will compare emissions from conventional Jet A and 100% SAF -- Pratt & Whitney, an RTX (NYSE: RTX) business and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) will work together with Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), Aerodyne Research, Inc.,

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Pivot Bio Talks Insets vs. Offsets, Paying Farmers, and Why Nitrous Oxide Is an Overlooked Emission

by Jennifer Marston (AgFunderNews)  Last time AgFunderNews checked in with Pivot Bio, the company had just replaced synthetic nitrogen on 725,000 acres of US farmland via its N-OVATOR pilot, in which growers used Pivot’s microbe-based nitrogen-fixing product to replace synthetic nitrogen and reduce on-farm emissions. The pilot

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Plasser & Theurer Track Machines Now Biofuel-Compatible: New Products Approved to Run on HVO100 Biofuel.

(International Railway Journal) Plasser & Theurer has confirmed that all of its new track maintenance machines are compatible with hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) 100 biofuel, helping to substantially reduce CO2 emissions without changes to operation or training of personnel. Plasser says that HVO100

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Scientists Warn a Poorly Managed Hydrogen Rush Could Make Climate Change Worse

by Kari Lydersen (Energy News Network)  A growing body of scientific research is highlighting the indirect ways hydrogen could worsen climate change — and critics say the risks are largely being ignored by the federal government. -- As the federal government rolls

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Experts Expand the Coverage of Greenhouse Gases in Travel Impact Model for Flight Emissions

(International Council on Clean Transportation)  The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) announced a series of updates to the Travel Impact Model (TIM) that will more fully reflect the environmental impact of aviation and help people make more sustainable choices when planning air

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Project Presentation – Life Cycle Assessment of the Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) and Renewable Diesel (RD) from Oil Palm and its Crop Residues in Colombia

(International Sustainability and Carbon Certification)  In a collaborative effort funded by the World Bank, ISCC, with the support of its sister companies MEO and GRAS, has been diligently conducting a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) and Renewable

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Bio-SynDiesel and Bio-SynJet from EBTL and BETL Processes

by David J. Patterson and Gord Crawford (Expander Energy Inc./Biofuels Digest)  Expander’s Enhanced Biomass to Liquids (EBTL™) and Biomass Electrolysis to Liquids (BETL™) processes produce and combine hydrogen and carbon monoxide into paraffin carbon chains in the diesel boiling range to produce

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Auto Dealers Up Campaign Urging Biden Administration to Halt EPA Tailpipe Emission Limits Regulation

by Alexa St. John (Associated Press)  More than 4,700 auto dealerships across the United States urged President Joe Biden in a letter Thursday to halt the Environmental Protection Agency’s efforts to enforce stricter vehicle-pollution standards. The missive comes just weeks before the

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RFA Spotlights World’s First Plug -In Hybrid Electric Flex Fuel Vehicle at 2024 DC Auto Show

(Renewable Fuels Association) Vehicle has surpassed 27,000 miles, showcasing its technology platform as a viable alternative solution to reducing carbon output in passenger vehicles with tangible benefits to consumers, including lower costs and lower emissions. The Renewable Fuels Association is showcasing the

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OptiFuel’s Total-Zero™ 5600 hp RNG-Electric Line Haul Locomotive and RNG-Powered Tender Are on Track for Testing at the Federal Railroad Administration’s Transportation Technology Center

(OptiFuel Systems) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Produced from 100% Existing USA Organic Waste Streams, is the Only Readily Available Turnkey Renewable Fuel with Negative Carbon Intensity, has the Lowest Cost, and can be Conveniently Accessed Through Existing Natural Gas Pipeline Infrastructure

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Social Cost of Carbon Goes Shopping

by Jean Chemnick (Politico's Power Switch)  ... That’s new territory for an old regulatory staple that has been in use since the George W. Bush administration, which started developing the social cost of carbon after a federal court ruled that the

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City of Long Beach Awards Landi Renzo USA Two-Year Contract for New Super Duty Ford RNG Trucks

(Landi Renzo/Business Wire)  Landi Renzo’s advanced renewable natural gas trucks are a carbon-negative solution for fleets  --  Landi Renzo, the global leader in sustainable ecomobility™, announces a new two-year, multimillion-dollar contract with the City of Long Beach, California to deliver new Super

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Study Finds Low-Carbon Io-alcohols and Bio-ketones Have High Potential for Vehicular Emissions Abatement

(Green Car Congress) A study by a team from the University of Birmingham (UK) finds that low-carbon bio-alcohols and bio-ketones in advanced clean propulsion systems demonstrate a high potential for strategies for vehicular emissions abatement, such as their utilization in hybrid

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Westfalen Group Switches to Bio-LNG

(Petrol Plaza) The initiative will be rolled out alongside revis bioenergy GmbH and includes the establishment of further bio-LNG stations. -- The Westfalen Group will be relying on CO2-neutral bio-LNG (liquefied biogas) for its mobility customers in the freight forwarding and logistics

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KPI OceanConnect, Titan Clean Fuels, and SFL Collaborate on Milestone LNG Bunkering Operation

(KPI OceanConnect) KPI OceanConnect, has collaborated with Titan Clean Fuels, and SFL to successfully complete the company’s first LNG bunkering operation for the newly built car carrier, the Emden, taking place in the Port of Emden. Executing an LNG cool down and bunkering operation entails

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Clean Energy Announces up to $400 Million in Financing with Stonepeak to Continue Expansion of Renewable Natural Gas Infrastructure

(Clean Energy)  Clean Energy Fuels Corp. (Nasdaq: CLNE) announced that it has entered into a six-year $300 million senior secured term loan with Stonepeak, a leading alternative investment firm specializing in infrastructure and real assets. The credit agreement also provides for

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InfraVia Backed Molgas Becomes Titan’s Strategic Partner, with a Capital Injection for a 45% Stake

(Hellenic Shipping News) Titan Energy Holding, the parent company of Titan Clean Fuels (hereafter Titan) closed a successful funding round for a 45% equity stake with further follow-on rights from Molgas Energy, backed by infrastructure fund investor InfraVia Capital Partners. Molgas

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CSL Leads Maritime Industry in Biofuel Adoption, Achieving Milestones in Decarbonization Efforts

(CSL Group/Globe Newswire) The CSL Group (“CSL”), a global leader in responsible marine transportation services, proudly announces a significant milestone in its Great Lakes biofuel program – one of the longest-running initiatives of its kind in the maritime industry. With a cumulative

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WinGD Signs Four-way Partnership to Deliver CMB.TECH Ammonia Engines

(WinGD)  Swiss marine power company WinGD has concluded a four-party agreement underwriting Belgian bulk carrier operator CMB.TECH’s order of X72DF‑A ammonia-fuelled engines. CSSC Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding (QBS) and engine builder CSSC Engine Co (CSE) were the other signatories in the joint

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Judge Inclined to Halt Los Angeles Biofuel Refinery Expansion, Siding with Environmental Groups

by Hillel Aron (Courthouse News Service) AltAir Paramount wants to expand its biofuel refinery. Environmental justice groups say the project would increase pollution of the surrounding residential neighborhood. -- A Superior Court judge on Friday said he was likely to halt the

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What is Ethanol and Methanol Blending, How They are Being Used & Advantages Over Fuels | Explained

by Majid Alam (News 18) At present, 10 per cent ethanol is blended in petrol and the government is looking to double this quantity by 2025  --  India is pushing for higher ethanol-blended fuel for cleaner energy and its economic value and the

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Neste Partners with PTL Marine to Supply Renewable Diesel to Marine Customers across California

(Neste)  Neste is partnering with PTL Marine to provide Neste MY Renewable Diesel™ to the marine sector across the State of California. PTL Marine, a division of Pilot Thomas Logistics, is a leading provider of maritime fuel and lubricants, supplies and last-mile logistics. Through this

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CO2-Reduced Diesel: DKV Mobility Opens HVO Supply Network to All Customers

(DKV) DKV Mobility, the leading European B2B platform for on-the-road payment solutions, is continuously expanding its supply offer for alternative fuels. Effective immediately, DKV Mobility customers can purchase the CO2-reduced diesel fuel HVO (in various blends up to HVO100) at ~

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Zeolyst International Unveils New Brand Names for Its Product Portfolio

(Ecovyst) Zeolyst International, an Ecovyst Inc. (NYSE: ECVT) joint venture that is a leading producer of zeolites ("Zeolyst"), is proud to announce the launch of its branded product portfolio. With a four-decade legacy in zeolite development and manufacturing, Zeolyst continues to

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Do EVs Reduce NOx or PM Emissions More than Combustion Engine Vehicles? The Answer May Surprise You.

by Gary Yowell (Stillwater Associates) From the 1990s to the present day, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have maintained that EVs have lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions than internal

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Thompson: Reducing Negative Health Impacts from Transportation on Communities of Color

by Antoine M. Thompson (Greater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition/Washington Informer)  ... Nationwide, there is an environmental justice disparity between White and African American citizens. What is the root cause? Air pollution from diesel in the transportation sector.  ... Particulate matter (PM2.5) and

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Colas Rail UK’s Freight Business Has Collaborated with G-Volution Ltd to Decarbonise Locomotive Operations

(Colas Rail) Colas Rail UK’s Freight Business has collaborated with G-Volution Ltd to decarbonise locomotive operations by using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) running on near net zero carbon emission Bio Liquefied Petroleum Gas (Bio-LPG) to generate power for auxiliary load. With

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Rolls-Royce Completes Next Step on Its Journey to Decarbonising Business Aviation

(Rolls-Royce) Rolls-Royce (LSE: RR., ADR: RYCEY) today (October 16, 2023) announces the successful completion of a series of tests with 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) on its latest generation of business aviation engines, the Pearl 15 and the Pearl 10X. The

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ETF Releases White Paper Highlighting Significant Opportunities for Bio-Based Diesel Fuel Use in Back-up Power Generation and Microgrids

(Engine Technology Forum/Globe Newswire) The Engine Technology Forum announces the release of the white paper Benefits of Renewable Bio-Based Diesel Fuels developed by Transport Energy Strategies, a leading consultancy on global transport energy issues. Renewable biobased fuels, such as biodiesel and

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Needs Sustainable Agriculture, and SusAg Is Accelerating

by y Mike Sticklen (Lee Enterprise Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... Corn-ethanol’s current average carbon intensity is 50 gCO2e/MJ ethanol which is one-half of gasoline carbon intensity of  100 gCO2e/MJ gasoline.  The ethanol industry has committed to net-zero carbon intensity by 2040 and a

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Using Sustainable Aviation Fuels Could Reduce Emissions by up to 80%, Scientists Find

by Jessica Marsh (University of Manchester) A team of scientists have completed tests to quantify the emissions from the combustion of sustainable aviation fuels, revealing a profound reduction when compared to regular jet fuel. Researchers from the National Centre for Atmospheric Science

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CLAAS: HVO Approval and Initial Factory Fill for Tractors, Combine Harvesters and Forage Harvesters

(CLAAS Group) From 1 October 2023, all CLAAS agricultural machinery that meets the latest emissions standard will be approved for operation with hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVOs). Furthermore, the machines will be filled with the sustainable biofuel before they leave the factory

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Ethanol: Context Missing on This Vital Fuel

by Brian Werner and Gary Prescher (Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association/ Minnesota Corn Research & Promotion Council/Minneapolis Star Tribune) The Oct. 2 commentary discussing the climate impacts of Minnesota agriculture included several misleading statements and cherry-picked science to assert that ethanol is not

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Amtrak Pacific Surfliner Rail Service Reduces Fleet's Environmental Impact with Sustainable Fuel Alternative

(Amtrak Pacific Surfliner) Amtrak® Pacific Surfliner® service transitions to a more sustainable fuel made from renewable raw materials -- The Los Angeles – San Diego – San Luis Obispo (LOSSAN) Rail Corridor Agency, which manages the Amtrak® Pacific Surfliner® service, is proud to announce that the passenger rail fleet is now

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MB92 Group and Rolls-Royce Join Forces to Propel Sustainable Solutions for Superyacht Fleet

(MB92 Group) Initial focus will be on moving existing fleet over to to synthetic fuels such as HVO; Partners to share performance data, R&D initiatives, training programs for sustainable propulsion upgrades MB92 Group, the world’s leading superyacht refit, repair and maintenance company

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Harnessing Waste & Advanced Biodiesel: A Sustainable Voyage for the Maritime Sector

by Valerie Ahrens (Bunker Holding Group/Euractiv) ... The European Union’s FuelEU Maritime regulation and the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) decarbonisation strategy have set the scene for decades to come, in a critical transition for the shipping industry. ... The EU, as a

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Japan's First Biofuel-Hydrogen Tourist Ship to Set Sail in 2024

by Junya Hemmi (Nikkei)  Japanese marine shipping company Mitsui O.S.K. Lines plans to put the country's first biofuel-hydrogen tourist vessel into service next year as part of an industrywide push to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The roundish, 33-meter-long vessel holds 100 people.

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Converting Engines, and the E85 Narrative

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Whether Tuomo Isokivijärvi is meeting with venture capitalists in Palo Alto, California,  Finland or anywhere else in the world, he’s usually trying to explain how his company’s E85-based conversion kit technology applies to current and

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FuelCell Energy and Toyota Announce Completion of World's First "Tri-gen" Production System

(Toyota Motor North America/PR Newswire)  FuelCell Energy's Tri-gen technology produces three products: renewable electricity, renewable hydrogen, and usable water; Marks Toyota's first port vehicle processing facility in the world to be powered by onsite-generated, 100 percent renewable electricity; Models how fuel cell

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Nearly $14 Million Announced to Advance Clean Hydrogen Innovation Application DEADLINE October 23, 2023

(New York State Energy Research and Development Authority)  Round One Makes Up to $8 Million Available to Address Challenges of Decarbonizing Industrial Process Heat and Advancing Clean Hydrogen Production and Renewable Energy Integration  --  Governor Kathy Hochul today announced a nearly $14

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Back to School with a Battle of the Buses: Electric and Diesel

by Allen Schaeffer (Diesel Technology Forum)   ... Diesel is the technology of choice for school buses due to its combination of low-cost ownership and operation, durability, efficiency, reliability, utility for secondary uses, fuel safety, renewable fuel capabilities, and now the new

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CCS Brings Health Savings by Cutting Pollution — Report

by Carlos Anchondo (Politico Pro Energywire) A study analyzed the benefits of capturing pollutants from 54 facilities across seven industries. -- Carbon capture at industrial and power generation facilities across the United States could deliver billions of dollars in health savings by

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mtu Kinetic PowerPack from Rolls-Royce Approved for Renewable Diesel

(Rolls-Royce)  mtu Kinetic PowerPack for uninterruptible power supply now even more environmentally friendly; Tests show: no loss of performance with renewable diesel/HVO; System consists of mtu diesel engine coupled to kinetic energy accumulator via electromagnetic clutch and a synchronous machine Rolls-Royce (LSE: RR., ADR:

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OceanScore’s ESG Solution and Sustainability Data Platform Score Highly with New Investors

(Ocean Score/Maritime Executive)  OceanScore has brought onboard a group of high-profile investors to fund development of new data-driven tools intended to assist shipping players in navigating regulatory complexity towards compliance. The Hamburg-based technology developer and data provider for the maritime industry,

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Technology Fuels a New Future for Internal Combustion Engine

(Transport Topics)  The Secret Lies in the Use of Greener Fuels -- According to fleet executives as well as fleet maintenance managers, the death of the internal combustion engine may prove to be greatly exaggerated in spite of the excitement about electric

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Lowering Crop Production Emissions EWG: Common Practices Can Reduce GHG Emissions From Corn Production

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)  Environmental Working Group is touting six farming practices in the Corn Belt the group says could greatly reduce nitrous oxide emissions in crop production. EWG also wants to ensure $19.5 billion in funding for USDA conservation

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Plugging in an FFV? The Best of Both Worlds

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association) Earlier this year, the Renewable Fuels Association unveiled our 2022 Ford Escape plug-in hybrid electric flex-fuel vehicle—the first of its kind anywhere in the world. While automakers have previously combined “mild hybrid” technology with flex-fuel

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SEA-LNG Coalition Calls on IMO to Regulate All GHG Emissions on a Full Lifecycle Basis

(SEA-LNG)  Clear and consistent regulation is key to driving maritime decarbonisation. With this in mind, and ahead the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) 80th Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80), industry association SEA-LNG calls on the IMO to regulate all greenhouse

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DC Water Receives First 100% Biodiesel Vehicle from US EPA’s DERA Program Grant

(DC Water) DC Water has received its first of 12 B100 vehicles from the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) program grant that will replace 13 existing diesel vehicles. The Greater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition (GWRCCC) and DC Water secured the

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Senate Fails to Override Biden Veto of Truck Pollution Resolution

by Alex Guillén (Politico Pro) The Senate on Wednesday failed to override President Joe Biden’s veto of a resolution targeting an EPA truck pollution rule. -- With Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) joining Republicans in support, the chamber voted 50-50 to override Biden’s veto of S.J.

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Gasum Inaugurates New RNG Filling Station in Norway

(Biofuels International) Finland-headed gas and energy major Gasum Oy has held the inauguration of a new biomethane - aka renewable natural gas (RNG) - filling station in Ålesund, Norway, and marks Gasum's fourth bioLNG filling station for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) in

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University of California Research Shows Emissions-Reducing Benefits of E15 Blend

(Renewable Fuels Association) A newly released, peer-reviewed study from the University of California, Riverside, shows that the E15 ethanol blend provides notable emissions reductions compared to California’s regular reformulated gasoline. The Renewable Fuels Association hailed the report as proof of the value of

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DENCO II LLC Fined $250,000 for Environmental Violations at Morris Ethanol Facility

(Minnesota Pollution Control Agency)  According to a Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) enforcement investigation, Denco II LLC violated several industrial wastewater, stormwater, and air quality regulations between 2017 and 2022 at its ethanol production facility in Morris, Minn. MPCA staff inspections confirmed

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Outlook and Lifecycle Characteristics of Alternative Marine Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The transportation Sector accounts for 33% of total US emissions and marine fuels are 3 percent of that- and they are famously hard to electrify. In this overview from the US Department of Energy’s BioEnergy

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California Fleets Fueled with Bio-CNG Achieve Carbon Negativity

(Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas/Biomass Magazine)  Natural Gas Vehicles for America (NGVAmerica) and Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas (RNG Coalition) – with partners California Natural Gas Vehicle Partnership and California Renewable Transportation Alliance – today (June 6, 2023) announced that California

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Successful First Phase of Engine Testing Confirms Material Improvements in Efficiency and Emissions Reductions with bioMSAR™

(RNS/Investegate/Quadrise/Vertoro) Quadrise Plc (AIM:QED), the supplier of innovative energy solutions for a cleaner planet, and biorefinery specialists, Vertoro BV ("Vertoro") have been collaborating to develop a cost-effective supplement or alternative to glycerine in Quadrise's bioMSAR™ fuel. The trials follow the Joint Development Agreement ("JDA")

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ClearFlame Ethanol Trucks Roll out Next Month in Texas

by Tom Quimby (CCJ) As most carbon-cutting efforts in Class 8 continue to focus on costly and complicated transitions to all-electric and hydrogen fuel cell, ClearFlame has been quietly gaining ground by slashing emissions though widely available engines and fueling infrastructure.

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RFA Thanks Sen. Ricketts, Colleagues for Renewable Fuels Month Recognition

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association today thanked Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-NE) and eight additional Senate colleagues for a resolution naming May as national Renewable Fuels Month, “to recognize the important role that renewable fuels play in reducing carbon impacts, lowering fuel

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Sequestration in the Field

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Carbon intensity scores determine, in part, the value producers get for each gallon of ethanol they produce. Today’s CI calculations don’t factor in low-carbon farming practices, but industry leaders like Brian Jennings are determined

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Expander Energy to Construct Its 1st Bio-SynDiesel® Project

(Expander Energy/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Calgary, Alberta-based Expander Energy Inc. announced May 4 that it has signed an agreement with Rocky Mountain Clean Fuels Inc. to build its first biomass-to-liquids project and produce low-carbon, renewable biobased synthetic diesel by 2025. Expander said its

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Anaergia to Supply Renewable Natural Gas to FuelCell Energy to Create Renewable Hydrogen Supporting Toyota’s Landmark Port Facility

(Anaergia/Business Wire)  Anew Climate to sell renewable natural gas for FuelCell Energy’s Tri-gen system --  Anaergia Inc. (“Anaergia” or the “Company”) (TSX: ANRG) announced today that its subsidiary SoCal Biomethane, LLC, (“SoCal Biomethane”) will supply renewable natural gas as facilitated by

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Colorado Adopts ‘Advanced Clean Trucks’ Rule to Speed Transition to Heavy-Duty EVs

by Chase Woodruff (Colorado Newsline) Air quality panel unanimously approves California-style standards after yearlong delay -- Colorado air quality regulators on Friday (April 28, 2023) approved a pair of rules aimed at reducing pollution from truck engines and speeding up adoption

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Tesoro to Pay $27.5 Million for Violating Previous Court Order Requiring It to Reduce Air Pollution at Its Martinez, Calif. Refinery

(U.S. Department of Justice) Settlement Will Result in Cleaner Air Due to Tesoro’s Forfeiture of Air Emission Credits -- The Department of Justice and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today announced that Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company will pay a $27.5

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Capitol Corridor Scores Big Win in the Race to Combat Climate Change

(Capitol Corridor) A more sustainable fuel made from renewable raw materials will soon run rail fleets in California  --   Capitol Corridor and San Joaquins intercity passenger rail services will achieve their goal to run their entire fleets on renewable diesel by

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Trucking Industry Worries US EPA Put 'Cart before the Horse' with Emissions Proposal

by Jasmin Melvin (S&P Global)  EPA, California rules look to phase out diesel trucks; Will require more trucks to haul same amount of freight; Range, charging and power needs still present challenges  --  While onboard with ambitions to transition the US car fleet

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Biden Is Set to Propose Toughest-Ever Rules on Car Pollution to Spur EVs

by Jennifer A Dlouhy (Bloomberg)  Proposal will not mandate EVs or ban gas-powered models; EPA will outline standards for cars, light trucks in Detroit --  ... The proposed standards on cars and light trucks, set to be announced Wednesday in Detroit,

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When It Comes to Climate in the EU, Ships Are Neither Airplanes Nor Road Vehicles

by Philippe Marchand (Transport Energy Strategies) ... The regulation regarding air transport, as exposed in a recent post, is highly prescriptive, with mandates and sub-mandates, a limited list of eligible feedstocks, only waste and residues, a straightjacket in other terms. With

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Top Trends for Natural Gas Fleets to Watch in 2023 

(Trillium/ACT News) ... The sustainability impact of natural gas is magnified when you factor in the use of low- and carbon-negative renewable natural gas (RNG).   All Eyes on California’s Developing Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) Regulation   There are several policies at the state and

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Taking a Diverse Approach Is Key to Carbon Removal, Says New Study

by Brendan Bane (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Phys.org)  Diversification reduces risk. That's the spirit of one key takeaway from a new study led by scientists at the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The effective path to limiting global warming

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Biden Will Let California Lead on Electric Trucks, Despite Industry Protest

by Anna Phillips (Washington Post) The EPA plans to grant California a waiver that will allow the state to phase out diesel-powered trucks, helping communities burdened by truck pollution -- The Biden administration will approve new California rules to cut

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Why EPA’s Huge Social Cost of Carbon Might Fail to Halt CO2

by Jean Chemnick (E&E Climatewire) EPA is about to finalize a sky-high value for carbon that could be used whenever the federal government leases land to oil drillers or buys new mail trucks. But its effect on actual policymaking may be limited. The

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Liqvis Continues to Expand Its Bio-LNG Supply Portfolio and Will Gradually Switch to Bio-LNG for Heavy Duty Transport from 2023

(Uniper)  Liqvis GmbH and revis bioenergy GmbH conclude agreement on supply of Bio-LNG; From mid-2023, Liqvis will gradually switch to CO2-neutral Bio-LNG and offer it as an alternative fuel at Liqvis filling stations; Another important step on the road towards

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GOP Senators Seek to Overturn EPA's New Truck Emissions Standards

by Josh Fisher (Fleet Owner)  The resolution, backed by 34 Senate Republicans, challenges the Environmental Protection Agency’s more stringent regulations on heavy-duty vehicle emissions. The bill's lead sponsor says the EPA's rules will just keep older equipment on the road

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L.A. Is Shutting Down Its Largest Gas Plant — and Replacing It with an Unproven Hydrogen Project

by Sammy Roth (Los Angeles Times) The Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously Wednesday to move forward with an $800-million plan to convert the city’s largest gas-fired power plant to green hydrogen — a first-of-its-kind project that was hailed by supporters

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Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Hydrogen Fuel Cells

by Jim Nebergall (Cummins) ... (B)oth hydrogen engines and hydrogen fuel cells are receiving an increasing interest.  Given medium and heavy-duty trucks are a major source of CO2 emissions, the transportation sector’s journey to destination zero features both technologies. As more truck makers join

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Trucking Down the 2023 Road

by Allen Schaeffer (Diesel Technology Forum) Diesel is the lifeblood of the trucking industry, a familiar refrain to economists, forecasters, and those behind the wheel. What does 2023 have in store for equipment, fuel prices, and policy?  ... More renewable diesel and

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The Future Is Now: Renewable Propane

by Steve Whaley (Propane Education and Research Council/ACT News) For decades, fleet owners have relied on propane autogas as a powerful, low-carbon energy source to fuel everything from school buses to delivery vehicles, taxis to paratransit fleets and all kinds of

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Cepsa and Begas Promote a Partnership to Decarbonize Heavy Urban Transport with Bioautogas

(Cepsa)  ο Both companies will promote using biogas and other renewably-sourced fuels in buses, delivery vehicles, waste collection trucks, and other municipal services with the aim of accelerating their energy transition The partnership, which has already been joined by

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School-Bus fleet in Beaverton, Oregon, Switches to Renewable Diesel Fuel

(Beaverton School District/Biobased Diesel Daily) As of mid-January, the Beaverton School District in Oregon has stopped using petroleum-based diesel fuel in its school buses in favor of renewable diesel. Renewable diesel is a fossil-free alternative derived from agricultural waste products like vegetable

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Ciarán Cannon Hits out after 'Bag of Sh*t' Thrown at Him and Anne Rabbitte

by Daniel McConnell (Irish Examiner) Ciarán Cannon along with junior minister Anne Rabbitte had a 'bag of sh*t' thrown at both of them at a public meeting in Galway. 'The incident last night is indicative of an increasing level of toxicity

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Hyundai Completes Verification for LNG/Hydrogen Hybrid Engine

(Maritime Executive) Hyundai Heavy Industries Group has developed and successfully tested Korea's first LNG/hydrogen mixed-firing engine. The development of the hybrid engine is part of the South Korean shipbuilding industry’s focus on next generation ships and high-value applications which it is

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ACE Submits Comments to USDA on Climate-Smart Farming Practices

( American Coalition for Ethanol /Ethanol Producer Magazine) The American Coalition for Ethanol submitted feedback to the USDA’s Natural Resource Conservation Service request for public input on implementation of funding in the Inflation Reduction Act for key NRCS conservation programs to

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Final EPA Standards for Heavy-Duty Vehicles to Slash Dangerous Pollution and Take Key Step Toward Accelerating Zero-Emissions Future

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) Beginning in Model Year 2027, EPA’s Clean Trucks Plan will safeguard clean air for millions in communities overburdened by dangerous pollution  -- Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the strongest-ever national clean air standards to

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Cover Crop Bill Could Turn Over a New Leaf in Sustainable Agriculture

by Elina Lingappa and Savannah Bertrand (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  In July 2022, Representative Sean Casten (D-Ill.) introduced the Conservation Opportunity and Voluntary Environment Resilience Program (COVER) Act (H.R.8527) to increase the adoption of cover crops. Cover crops are not harvested for sale or consumption, but

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Korean Register to Support Development of Methanol Bunkering in Ulsan

(Korean Register) International classification society Korean Register (KR) and Ulsan Port Authority (UPA) have signed an MOU to support methanol-fueled ships and establish the South Korean port as a low-carbon, eco-friendly energy hub. Methanol is a clean burning marine fuel which produces

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CMA CGM Orders Seven Biogas-Powered Ships to Serve French West Indies

(Bioenergy Insight) Chairman and CEO of the CMA CGM Group, Rodolphe Saadé, recently announced the rollout of seven new container ships powered by biogas to enhance and modernise services to the French West Indies. The ships will be delivered gradually as

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Request for Public Input About Implementation of the Inflation Reduction Act Funding DEADLINE December 21, 2022

(Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA/Federal Register)  The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) requests public input for NRCS to use to inform how NRCS will implement funds received under the Inflation Reduction  Act (IRA) to fund the deployment of climate-smart practices

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CARB Approves Amendments to Off-Road Regulation to Further Reduce Emissions

(California Air Resources Board) Program is expected to yield more than $5 billion in health benefits from 2024 to 2038 -- The California Air Resources Board (CARB) today approved amendments to the In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation (Off-Road Regulation) aimed

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EPA Responds to Petitions to Address Harmful Emissions from Locomotives

(Environmental Protection Agency) Today (November 9, 2022), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced it is responding to petitions from the California Air Resources Board, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, and the California Air Pollution Control Officers

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Sugarcane Ethanol’s Ongoing Benefit to California

by Leticia Phillips (Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association, UNICA/Ethanol Producer Magazine) The future is bright for sugarcane ethanol, as it is poised to help meet LCFS goals while reducing the carbon intensity of hard-to-electrify sectors. Plus, new markets for the low-CI biofuel,

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Leading the Way to Cleaner, More Affordable, American-Made Fuel

(Office of Nebraska Governor Pete Ricketts (R-NE)) There’s no reason why the U.S. should be reliant on authoritarian regimes like Iran, Russia, and Venezuela to supply the fuel we need.  We have more than enough resources to restore our energy independence

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Missouri Loses Appeal Challenging Biden’s Social Cost of Carbon

by Alex Guillén (Politico Pro) The ruling marks the second red state lawsuit against the regulatory metric to fall short. -- The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit on Friday rejected a lawsuit brought by Missouri and a dozen other Republican-controlled

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Wärtsilä, Carnival Corporation and GoodFuels Partner in 100% Biofuel Tests

(Wärtsilä) The technology group Wärtsilä partnered with Carnival Corporation’s Holland America Line and Netherlands based GoodFuels, a market leader in sustainable biofuels, to carry out ship trials operating with biofuel blends. In addition to a 70 percent diesel / 30 percent

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HAM Group and CycleØ Will Build the First BioLNG Plant in Chile

(HAM Group) The works will be carried out through HAM Chile and FNX Liquid Natural Gas  -- HAM Group and CycleØ have been awarded the contract for the construction and operation of the first BIoLNG plant in Chile, which will be located in the Ñuble

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California Fleets Fueled with Bio-CNG Achieve Carbon-Negativity for Second Straight Year

(NGV America) Bio-CNG Below Zero Again with Annual Average Carbon Intensity Score of -44.4 gCO2e/MJ for 2021 --  Natural Gas Vehicles for America (NGVAmerica) and Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas (RNG Coalition) today announced that California fleets fueled with bio-CNG achieved

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Comparing Emission Reductions across Alternative Fuels

(Cummins) Vehicle greenhouse gas emissions can be accounted for on a “tank-to-wheels” basis or on a “well-to-wheels” basis. The former only considers the emissions that come out of a vehicle’s tailpipe. The latter includes the emissions that were released as

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High-Speed Engine Developers Zero in on Methanol and Biofuels

by John Snyder (Riviera) SMM 2022 offered enginebuilders the opportunity to display new prime movers and gensets capable of burning methanol and biofuel  -- Stands at the recent SMM 2022 in Hamburg bristled with the newest engine technology for low- and

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California Adopts Comprehensive Strategy to Meet Federal Ozone Standard over Next 15 Years

(California Air Resources Board) Strategy calls for control measures by state, federal, international entities to ensure California meets federal 70 ppb 8-hour ozone standard -- The California Air Resources Board today approved a statewide plan for attaining the federal health-based standard

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Mercedes F1 Trucks Biofuel Trial Reduces CO2 Emissions by 89%

by Jonathan Noble (Motorsport) Mercedes has revealed how a trial of running its race trucks on biofuel for the recent Formula 1 triple header helped net an 89 percent reduction in CO2 emissions. ... The Brackley-based squad elected to experiment with running 16 of its

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SEA-LNG Response to UCL Rreport Exploring Methods for Understanding Stranded Value: Case Study on LNG Capable Ships

(SEA-LNG) The recent study from UCL, Exploring methods for understanding stranded value: case study on LNG capable ships, is a flawed academic exercise, detached from reality. In setting out a framework for their analysis the authors make innumerable contestable and unsupported statements. Somewhat confusingly,

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Top 5: All EVs, All the Time in the EU??

by Tammy Klein (Transport Energy Strategies) ... • Plug-in Hybrids with E85: An IFPEN study has showed that they’re just as climate-friendly as EVs – but will the EU Commission, Parliament and Council listen as they enter the trilogue negotiations

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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