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Baylor Engineers Reveal Ultra-Clean Biofuel Breakthrough

(Baylor University/Mirage News)  In new research published in the journal Fuel , Baylor University researchers with the Cornerstone Atomization and Combustion Lab (CAC) have unveiled a pioneering method for the efficient combustion of biofuels, using a revolutionary Swirl Burst (SB) injector to burn

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UN Enacts Carbon Removal Standard Under Article 6.4

by Vasil Velev  (Carbon Herald)  The Article 6.4 Supervisory Board, the body working on creating the UN carbon market under the Paris Agreement, has finalized two key standards related to carbon removal and developing and assessing projects for a UN-supervised carbon market. The board – also

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Norway Datacenter Dumps Diesel Diet, Goes Veggie with Biofuel Backup

by Dan Robinson (The Register) Operator Stack Infrastructure is committed to reducing Scope 1 emissions from its facilities -- Datacenter operator Stack Infrastructure has joined the ranks of companies switching to biofuel for its backup power source in a bid to offset

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to PEM CO2 Electrolyzer Scale-up

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Twelve is developing and scaling a platform for a reactor that electrochemically transforms biogenic CO2. The company’s core innovation is a membrane electrode assembly that enables CO2 electrolysis. In this project, the company aims towards mass

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrolyzers for CO2 Conversion from BioSources

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Researchers have initiated a project to develop electrolyzers that can convert CO2 from biorefineries to produce useful products, and save the cost of air capture. Yet, research still has not been done on testing with CO2

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Braskem Collaborates with the University of British Columbia to Develop Technology for Producing Methanol from CO2

(Braskem)  The company is funding a one-year project aimed at developing a viable technological route for future industrial implementation -- Braskem (B3: BRKM3, BRKM5, and BRKM6; NYSE: BAK; LATIBEX: XBRK) the largest polyolefins producer in the Americas, as well as a global

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Production of Bioproducts from Electrochemically-Generated C1 Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 Electrolysis + Gas Fermentation: a CO2 to Chemicals Platform, that’s the goal of this Argonne National Lab, LanzaTech and Dioxide Materials, project. It aims for room Temperature CO2 electrolysis (Anion Exchange Membrane based technology), and

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to CO2 Valorization via Rewiring Carbon Metabolic Network

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Developing Carbon Negative Biorefinery with Gas-fermenting Bacteria is the focus of this project, focusing on Acetogens as model gas-fermenting anaerobes, with high energy efficiency and fast electron/carbon consumption making them potentially a new chassis for the

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Lessons from the Kitchen: of LanzaTech, a Protein Shake, New Markets, and Scooby-Doo

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) LanzaTech is back in the news with a budding venture based in manufacturing single-cell protein — usually a side product — as the main product for a new set of biorefineries they have in the pipeline. Plus,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Methanol a Versatile Chemical and Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The most recent Digest webinar looked into the promise and progress with renewable methanol as a chemical intermediate and as a renewable fuel. Muhammed Islam of S&B Engineers and Constructors took us through this presentation, which

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California Can Reduce Gasoline Prices by Adopting E-15 Ethanol Blend

(Aemetis) Aemetis, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMTX), a California renewable fuels producer, today called for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to immediately implement a 15% ethanol blend in gasoline to reduce gas prices for California consumers and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)

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They Might Be Giants, the Story of Syngas Fermentation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  They called it “the technology that dare not speak its name” because it was too crazy risky, when they did not call it “the technology that could not scale” between the guffaws in many board

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Carbon Rebrand: The Carbon Transformation Technology Developed by California-based Twelve Splits Apart Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

by Lisa Gibson (SAF Magazine) The Carbon Transformation Technology developed by California-based Twelve splits apart carbon dioxide (CO2) at low temperatures using electrochemistry, creating foundational elements for fuels, chemicals and plastics. Twelve, founded in 2016, has partnered for demonstration projects to produce

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DOE Modifies $100 Million Carbon Utilization Program, Raises Maximum Funding Tenfold Application DEADLINE April 30, 2025

by Vasil Velev (Carbon Herald) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced today that it has updated a funding opportunity to make $100 million available under President Biden’s Investing in America initiative. This funding is aimed at assisting states, local governments, and public

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Turning Carbon Pollution into Ethanol

by Ula Chrobak (Stanford University Engineering) Stanford scientists designed a catalyst that turns carbon dioxide into ethanol, which could incentivize cleaning up emissions. -- ... In two recent papers, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society and Angewandte Chemie, a team of Stanford researchers

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Chemists Design Novel Method for Generating Sustainable Fuel

by Tatyana Woodall (Ohio State News) Chemists have been working to synthesize high-value materials from waste molecules for years. Now, an international collaboration of scientists is exploring ways to use electricity to streamline the process. In their study, recently published in Nature Catalysis,

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1968: Are We Back There Again? Can the Bioeconomy Help?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... A bigger and more worthy task, equal in impact to the Apollo moon shot, is to de-risk industrial biotechnology investments and de-carbonize agriculture. Those are not drops in the ocean, they are each of them,

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Decarbonizing the Aviation Sector: Global Bioenergies Extends Its Technological Process to the Production of e-SAF

(Global Bioenergies) a unique e-SAF with a record selectivity rate of 95% compared to existing technologies; a complementary approach to ASTM-certified SAF technology, substituting a plant-based resource for a synthetic resource  --  Global Bioenergies announced today that it has adapted its process for

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Study: Allowing E15 Fuel Blend Could Save California Drivers $2.7 Billion at the Pump Annually

(Renewable Fuels Association) Researchers from UC Berkeley and the U.S. Naval Academy found adopting E15 blend gasoline could save Californians 20 cents per gallon  --  A new study by economists at UC Berkeley and the U.S. Naval Academy found California drivers could expect to

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Fast, Simple and Ready: Unlocking Opportunities in Coprocessing SAF

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biobased Diesel Daily) Discover which units are the most suitable for coprocessing, what modifications are required and which feedstocks are best for SAF yield.  --  As the aviation industry seeks to reduce its carbon footprint,

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Catskill Mountain Railroad Runs Locomotives on 100% Biodiesel

(Catskill Mountain Railroad/Biobased Diesel Daily) The Catskill Mountain Railroad announced June 4 that, in an effort to reduce its carbon footprint and harmful emissions from the use of diesel fuel, it is now running its locomotives on 100 percent biodiesel (B100). The

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New Study Shows Plug-in Hybrid Flex Fuel Vehicle Has Major Economic, Climate Advantages Over Battery EVs

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association today released a study documenting the economic and environmental benefits of the world’s first plug-in electric hybrid flex fuel vehicle (PHEFFV). After rigorous emissions testing, lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis, and nearly 34,000 miles of real-world driving,

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Fulcrum BioEnergy Abandons Trash-to-Fuel Plant in Nevada

by Craig Bettenhausen (Chemical & Engineering News) The waste gasification start-up abruptly laid off most staff in mid-May --In a blow to the idea of turning municipal waste into fuels and chemicals, the start-up Fulcrum BioEnergy laid off most of its

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Sugar-Based Catalyst Upcycles Carbon Dioxide

(Northwestern University)  New catalyst could offer a potential solution for using captured carbon --  New catalyst is made from an inexpensive, abundant metal and table sugar; Catalyst converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon monoxide, a building block for producing a variety of useful

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Arnhem to Host First e-Methanol System in Benelux

by Alan Sherrard  (Bioenergy International) In the Netherlands, a consortium with Bright Renewables and HyGear, both part of the HoSt Group, and the University of Twente are set to construct Benelux's first electro-methanol (e-methanol) system. The joint project, "Towards Acceleration and Demonstration of

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Plasser & Theurer Track Machines Now Biofuel-Compatible: New Products Approved to Run on HVO100 Biofuel.

(International Railway Journal) Plasser & Theurer has confirmed that all of its new track maintenance machines are compatible with hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) 100 biofuel, helping to substantially reduce CO2 emissions without changes to operation or training of personnel. Plasser says that HVO100

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Carbon Dioxide and the Green Gases Agenda

by Sam Rushing z9Advanced Cryogenics/Biofuels Digest) ... What has become particularly interesting today, and the focus of this article, are ‘green’ applications for the product (CO2). This can include uses from agricultural in nature, such as commercial closed greenhouse CO2 enrichment

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Bio-SynDiesel and Bio-SynJet from EBTL and BETL Processes

by David J. Patterson and Gord Crawford (Expander Energy Inc./Biofuels Digest)  Expander’s Enhanced Biomass to Liquids (EBTL™) and Biomass Electrolysis to Liquids (BETL™) processes produce and combine hydrogen and carbon monoxide into paraffin carbon chains in the diesel boiling range to produce

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8 Rivers Announces Cormorant Clean Energy Project

(8 Rivers Capital/Carbon Capture Magazine) 8 Rivers Capital, LLC, a world-leading decarbonization technology developer, announced it is developing the Cormorant Clean Energy Project, an ultra-low-carbon ammonia production facility in Port Arthur, Texas. The Cormorant project will be powered by 8 Rivers’

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HYCO1 Celebrates 9,000 Hours of Run-Time on Its Revolutionary, Patent-Pending CO2 Utilization Catalyst

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1 celebrates over 9,000 hours of run-time on its proprietary, patent-pending CO2 utilization catalyst at its Houston, Texas CUBE™ Technology Center (CUBE™ is Carbon Utilization at Best Efficiency). Operating for over a year inside of a commercial diameter reactor tube, the HYCO1

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Harvesting Hydrogen

by Susanne Retka Schill  (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The largest ethanol producer in Brazil has teamed up with a hydrogen technology company, along with others, to build what is believed to be the world’s first ethanol-to-hydrogen fueling station. Located on Brazil’s University of

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Renewable Fuels Make Holiday Travel Easier on the Pocket — and the Planet

by Goeff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/The Hill) As we watch the days get shorter and the weather get colder, it can only mean one thing — the holidays are almost upon us. ... Whether you’re flying or driving, it’s a good bet

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Opinion: Climate Change and Hunger Are Here Now—a New Farm Bill Can’t Wait

by Beth Ellikidis (Biotechnology Innovation Organization/Agri-Pulse) ... One way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect our climate is by getting more of the energy we use from above the ground instead of beneath it. The biotech company LanzaTech genetically engineers microbes to

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Chemicals from Thin Air: Gas Fermentation and the Future of Bio-manufacturing

(World Bio Market Insights)  Bacteria can metabolise sugars in milk or wheat into wondrous forms like sourdough bread, sauerkraut, beer and cheese. Modern industrial fermentation uses similar techniques: it cultivates biochemicals in the bodies of microorganisms for drugs, proteins, nutraceuticals, and

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Using Sustainable Aviation Fuels Could Reduce Emissions by up to 80%, Scientists Find

by Jessica Marsh (University of Manchester) A team of scientists have completed tests to quantify the emissions from the combustion of sustainable aviation fuels, revealing a profound reduction when compared to regular jet fuel. Researchers from the National Centre for Atmospheric Science

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Chevron Spearheads Innovative Fuel Alternatives

(NACS Magazine) The company has fit-for-purpose solutions to match a variety of customer needs. -- ... A recent notable achievement is the demonstration of Chevron’s renewable gasoline blend, an innovative new fuel which aims to help address transportation sector carbon emissions.

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Accelerating the Transition to a Green Future: Ethanol-Blended Fuels and Electric Vehicles

 by Tushar Chhabhaya (Aarya Automobiles/The News Motion/Times of India) ... Two technologies have emerged as frontrunners in the quest for a sustainable and environmentally conscious future of mobility: ethanol-blended fuels and electric vehicles. As we navigate the challenges of climate change and resource depletion,

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KPI OceanConnect and Uni-Tankers Collaborate on Successful Biofuel Trial

(KPI OceanConnect) KPI OceanConnect supplies bespoke B30 biofuel blend to Uni-Tankers M/T Alsia Swan for successful trials on board the 5,700 DWT chemical tanker -- Uni-Tankers, a leading tanker shipping company, and KPI OceanConnect, a leading global marine energy solutions provider, today announced

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Hyundai Motor Group Innovates Green Hydrogen Production with Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation

(Hyundai) · Hyundai Motor Group signed an MOU to demonstrate new technologies for large-scale hydrogen production using biogas over the next two years; · The Group to develop an integrated system for the production of green hydrogen with a ‘waste-to-energy’ concept;  With the

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CU Boulder’s Weimer Lab Unveils Economical Method for Producing Clean Fuel

by Susan Glairon  (University of Colorado Boulder)  The University of Colorado Boulder’s Weimer Lab has introduced an efficient and economical method to use renewable energy to produce fuel, opening doors to clean and sustainable energy sources for a wide array of industries,

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Cooking in Toxic Smoke: The Bioethanol Solution to Replace Polluting Fuels

(Pivot Clean Energy) ... This article outlines the health and environmental risks posed by the usage of solid fuels as energy sources in cooking applications, and explores the viability of bioethanol-based alternatives. Solid & Fossil Fuels: The Hazards ... The Health and Environmental Toll  ... Additionally,

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Ethanol Blog: Senate Bill Would Open Door Wider for Flexible-Fuel Vehicles in Emissions Reductions

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer) A bill introduced in the U.S. Senate on Monday would provide new incentives for automakers to produce more flexible-fuel vehicles, which are vehicles that can burn any blend of ethanol up to E85. The Flex Fuel

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CO2 Utilization: Biofuel from the Stack

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Utilization technologies are stimulating interest in ethanol producers’ constant coproduct, carbon dioxide. An initiative from the U.S. Department of Energy has formed the CO2 Reduction and Upgrading for E-fuels Consortium—or CO2RUe—made up of labs across the

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HYCO1 and Kansas Ethanol Collaborate on World's Largest Biogenic CO2 Utilization Facility

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1, Inc.  announces that it has entered into a 20-year carbon dioxide supply agreement with Kansas Ethanol, located in Lyons, Kansas for the planned construction of the world's largest biogenic carbon dioxide utilization facility, Green Carbon Synthetics Kansas, LLC.  HYCO1 is

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Feedstocks of the Future for a Circular U.S. Bioeconomy: A Summary from a Stakeholder Convening

(Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research) The Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research (FFAR) and Schmidt Futures partnered for a convening to identify strategic research opportunities to advance the circular bioeconomy—an economy that uses waste as inputs and is enabled by

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University of California Research Shows Emissions-Reducing Benefits of E15 Blend

(Renewable Fuels Association) A newly released, peer-reviewed study from the University of California, Riverside, shows that the E15 ethanol blend provides notable emissions reductions compared to California’s regular reformulated gasoline. The Renewable Fuels Association hailed the report as proof of the value of

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Successful First Phase of Engine Testing Confirms Material Improvements in Efficiency and Emissions Reductions with bioMSAR™

(RNS/Investegate/Quadrise/Vertoro) Quadrise Plc (AIM:QED), the supplier of innovative energy solutions for a cleaner planet, and biorefinery specialists, Vertoro BV ("Vertoro") have been collaborating to develop a cost-effective supplement or alternative to glycerine in Quadrise's bioMSAR™ fuel. The trials follow the Joint Development Agreement ("JDA")

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Blue Hydrogen Market Size Worth $6.0 Billion by 2032

(The Brainy Insights/Globe Newswire) The rising environmental issues are driving the blue hydrogen market's growth. The increased usage of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is projected to drive the market demand soon.  --  The Brainy Insights estimates that the USD

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) With proven technology at the nexus of two mandated markets, industrial and consumer — LanzaTech has been on fire in recent months. Here’s more on their commercial operating plants, plants scheduled to complete construction in

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RFA Thanks Sen. Ricketts, Colleagues for Renewable Fuels Month Recognition

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association today thanked Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-NE) and eight additional Senate colleagues for a resolution naming May as national Renewable Fuels Month, “to recognize the important role that renewable fuels play in reducing carbon impacts, lowering fuel

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ADNOC, LanzaTech Enter Strategic Partnership to Explore Biotechnology Solutions for Decarbonization of Fuels and Chemicals

(LanzaTech) LanzaTech Global, Inc. (Nasdaq: LNZA)—an innovative carbon capture and transformation (“CCT”) company that converts waste carbon into materials such as sustainable fuels, fabrics, packaging, and other products that people use in their daily lives—and ADNOC have entered a partnership to

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Linde

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Linde is a leading global industrial gases and engineering company with 2021 sales of $31 billion (€26 billion). The company serves a variety of end markets including chemicals & energy, food & beverage, electronics, healthcare,

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Expander Energy to Construct Its 1st Bio-SynDiesel® Project

(Expander Energy/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Calgary, Alberta-based Expander Energy Inc. announced May 4 that it has signed an agreement with Rocky Mountain Clean Fuels Inc. to build its first biomass-to-liquids project and produce low-carbon, renewable biobased synthetic diesel by 2025. Expander said its

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Ethanol: The Perfect Fuel for Earth Day

by Mikayla McKenna (Renewable Fuels Association) On Saturday we celebrate Earth Day, which is the perfect time to highlight the many benefits ethanol offers the environment and spotlight RFA’s vision: to help the world breathe easier with the power of renewable fuels. Most

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Preparing a Renewable Route to Rubber Material

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) ...  Butadiene, an essential component of synthetic rubber, is currently produced by the petrochemical industry from fossil reserves. But it could be efficiently made in a one-step reaction from renewable ethanol using a modernized

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Against the Odds: Continuing down the Path Where Many Have Floundered, LanzaTech’s Momentum Is Undeniable.

by Katie Schroeder (SAF Magazine) When LanzaTech was founded in New Zealand in 2005, the company was born out of a desire to find solutions. At its inception, the founders were looking for a waste feedstock that was abundant and

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to OMC Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Hydrogen is widely used throughout major industries such as petroleum and biofuels refining, ammonia production, and many other processes. When produced cleanly, hydrogen has the ability to help decarbonize these and other industries such as

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Nigeria Fuel Ethanol Cost Benefit Analysis Study

(Turner Mason and Company/U.S. Grains Council) There is only one grade of gasoline in Nigeria, a 91 RON regular. The gasoline is generally supplied from refineries in Western Europe and tankered to Nigeria. Nigeria has eight domestic refineries, four larger

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LanzaTech and AMCI Acquisition Corp. II Announce Closing of Business Combination, Establishing First Public Carbon Capture and Transformation Company

(LanzaTech/Business Wire) On February 10, 2023, LanzaTech’s common stock and public warrants expected to begin trading on Nasdaq under the ticker symbols LNZA and LNZAW, respectively. Total transaction proceeds of approximately $240 million expected to fund business plan through estimated cashflow

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PM Modi Rolls out 20% Ethanol-Blended Petrol in 11 States/UTs

(The Hindu/PTI) It has been launched ahead of the planned rollout in April, at the India Energy Week in Bengaluru. -- Petrol blended with 20 per cent ethanol was rolled out on Monday, February 6, 2023, at select petrol pumps

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School-Bus fleet in Beaverton, Oregon, Switches to Renewable Diesel Fuel

(Beaverton School District/Biobased Diesel Daily) As of mid-January, the Beaverton School District in Oregon has stopped using petroleum-based diesel fuel in its school buses in favor of renewable diesel. Renewable diesel is a fossil-free alternative derived from agricultural waste products like vegetable

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Plasma Technology Makes Recycling of CO2 Local and 100% Circular

(Renewable Carbon News/D-CRBN) The BluePlasma consortium receives approval from VLAIO to set up an R&D pilot project -- In concrete terms, an infrastructure will be built in Antwerp to convert CO2 into CO via plasma technology. The idea is to

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Air Pollution Converted into Fuel, Plastic and Dresses

(AFP/RTE) At LanzaTech's lab in the Chicago suburbs, a beige liquid bubbles away in dozens of glass vats. The concoction includes billions of hungry bacteria, specialized to feed on polluted air - the first step in a recycling system that converts greenhouse

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Berkeley Lab scientists have developed a nature-inspired technique for converting carbon dioxide into solar fuels. Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have demonstrated

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Making High-Efficiency Ethylene from CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers aim for high-efficiency electrochemical production of ethylene from CO2,. Specific in this project, they sought to design electrodes to direct the cascade reaction from CO2 to ethylene via carbon monoxide, and

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Leading the Way to Cleaner, More Affordable, American-Made Fuel

(Office of Nebraska Governor Pete Ricketts (R-NE)) There’s no reason why the U.S. should be reliant on authoritarian regimes like Iran, Russia, and Venezuela to supply the fuel we need.  We have more than enough resources to restore our energy independence

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SunGas Renewables Inc. Announces Agreement with Arbor Renewable Gas™

(SunGas Renewables) Global leader in decarbonization announces order for its System 1000 syngas production package -- SunGas Renewables Inc. (“SunGas”), a global provider of gasification systems for low-carbon fuel production, today announced an agreement with Arbor Renewable Gas,™ LLC (“Arbor Gas”)

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On-Site Reactors Could Affordably Turn CO2 into Valuable Chemicals

(University of Waterloo)  New technology makes the process of turning CO2 into valuable chemicals economically viable for industrialization -- New technology developed at the University of Waterloo could make a significant difference in the fight against climate change by affordably converting

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Getting Shipshape with Biofuels

by Eliseo Curcio and Michele Miceli (Biofuels International) ... Currently, fossil-based fuels such as VLSFO and MGO and other bunkers are used in the shipping industry as main fuels. The amount of carbon monoxide emitted every year is growing, with the

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PNNL Team Recognized with ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry

by Mary Ann Showalter (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) The American Chemical Society (ACS) has announced that development of a catalytic process and catalyst to create sustainable aviation fuel is receiving the 2023 ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry. The team named in the

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Researchers Propose Novel Method to Enhance Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

(Chinese Academy of Sciences) A research team led by Profs. CHEN Wei and WEI Wei from the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences reported a novel method that enables efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO by virtue of low-coordination chloride ion

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Paving the Way for Solar Fuels: Synhelion Produces Solar Syngas on an Industrial Scale for the First Time

(Synhelion)  Synhelion has become the first company in the world to succeed in producing syngas on an industrial scale using only solar heat as an energy source. The Swiss solar fuel pioneer successfully demonstrated this on the multifocus solar tower of

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Delta, DG Fuels Partner in Pivotal Expansion of Sustainable Fuel Market

(Delta News Hub) Under a new agreement, DG Fuels, LLC plans to establish a new SAF supply stream that could provide Delta with 385 million gallons of unblended sustainable aviation fuel, while helping to expand availability of SAF in the

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Experimental Conception and Thermo-Energetic Analysis of a Solar Biogas Production System

by Badr Ouhammou, Aggour Mohammed, Smouh Sliman, Abdelmajid Jamil, Bakraoui Mohammed, Fadoua Karouach, Hassan El Bari, Tarik Kousksou (Case Studies in Thermal Engineering) Solar biogas system production offers the possibility to simultaneously produce heat, electricity and to treat waste products as well

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SUN-to-LIQUID Project Publishes Successful Thermochemical Kerosene Production Using Solar Energy, Water and CO2 in an Integrated Solar Experimental Facility in the Scientific Journal Joule

(IMDEA Energy Institute)  Developing solar technologies for producing carbon-neutral aviation fuels has become a global energy challenge, but their readiness level has largely been limited to laboratory-scale studies. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of a fully-integrated thermochemical production

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HVO Is a Fuel You Need to Know

(Diesel Technology Forum)  HVO, along with renewable diesel and biodiesel, delivers significant GHG and other emissions benefits with the promise for even more in the future  --  ...  The path to decarbonization isn’t as straightforward for commercial trucks and off-road engines

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Virtuous Cycles: Breakthroughs in the Use of Bacteria Are Helping Us to Build a New Green Economy.

by Peter Forbes (New Humanist) ... Humans are finally learning from the original carbon cycle, which has governed Earth for 4 billion years. This natural cycle is regulated largely by bacteria and other microbes. Today, using what we know about the

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Utilizing Biorefinery Waste Gas: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to NREL

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) NREL’s waste gas researchers are rethinking industrial flue gas from a waste to a feedstock, with the help of LanzaTech. Find out how the integration of CO2 electrolysis with microbial syngas upgrading to utilize biorefinery

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Matheson, Vertex Energy Sign Long-Term Hydrogen-Supply Contract for Renewable Diesel Production

(Matheson Tri-Gas/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Matheson Tri-Gas Inc., the U.S. affiliate of Nippon Sanso Holding Corp., Tokyo, has signed a long-term supply agreement to meet hydrogen requirements for a 75,000-barrel-per-day refinery in Mobile, Alabama, owned by Vertex Energy. The Matheson facility will have

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Low Carbon Intensity Renewables: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to NexantECA

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, ethylene, propylene – They can all be produced with low carbon intensity. Check out this illuminating slide guide from Steven Slome at NexantECA on how while methanol and ammonia have larger implications

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Clearing the Air on E15 and Smog

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... In 2017 congressional testimony, Dr. Janet Yanowitz of EcoEngineering Inc., an environmental consulting firm, reviewed the existing scientific literature on E15’s emissions, concluding that “the available emissions test data indicates that replacing

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Repsol, Aramco License Johnson Matthey, BP Technologies for eFuels Plant in Spain

(Johnson Matthey/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Johnson Matthey and BP announced May 25 that their codeveloped, groundbreaking Fischer Tropsch CANS™ technology and Johnson Matthey’s innovative reverse water gas shift technology, HyCOgen™, have been selected for use by Aramco and Repsol at a new

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New Method Could Potentially Produce Hydrogen from Biogas for $2/kg

(Bioenergy Insight) California-based Kore has developed a new way to produce hydrogen from biogas. It claims the new method could potentially provide hydrogen for less than $2 per kg. “We produce biogas and biochar from biogenic feedstocks and the resulting biogas contains

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Clearing the Air on E15 and Smog

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  While E15 scored an important temporary victory in April, we need to continue to educate consumers and policymakers about the higher blend's benefits and true regulatory history as the oil industry and

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Veolia Launches Its First Renewable Fuel Powered Fleet

(Veolia)  Following the contract start on 1 April, Veolia has launched a brand new fleet of green fuelled vehicles to collect waste and recycling, including food and garden waste, from residents across the Broadland district. In a first for Veolia

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It's Time For Ethanol Honesty: Sparring with the New Spate of Anti-Ethanol Scatological Slurs

by Marc J. Rauch (The Auto Channel) The April announcement by Joe Biden that E15 would be allowed to be sold year-round set off a frenzied spate of new attacks on the good fuel...the clean fuel...the 100% domestically produced fuel: ETHANOL. TV

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Alternative Fuels Fast Becoming the Preferred Ones, Know How and Why

(News On Air) Alternative fuels are non-conventional and advanced fuels, which can be used in place of existing fossil fuels like petroleum products, coal, natural gas and others. They are preferred across the globe over conventional fuels because of their

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Growth Energy Submits Comments to EPA on Biofuels’ Role in Reducing Emissions from Aviation Sector

(Growth Energy) Growth Energy submitted comments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on the agency’s particulate matter (PM) emissions standards and test procedures for jet engines, and the role biofuels play in reducing PM and greenhouse gas emissions in mobile sources including

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Liquid Biofuels Market Size to Surpass Around US$ 126.45 Bn by 2030

(Precedence Research/Intrado/Globe Neswire) According to Precedence Research, the global liquid biofuels market is predicted to surpass around US$ 126.45 billion by 2030 and growing at a CAGR of 6.5% over the forecast period 2021 to 2030.  --  The liquid biofuels market size was

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LanzaTech, ReCarbon, Woodside Team up on Carbon Capture and Utilization Project in Australia

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... (J)ust in is breaking news that they are collaborating in a new carbon capture and utilization project in Western Australia with ReCarbon and Woodside Energy. In today’s Digest, the project details, while you may know

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GreenBiz 350 Podcast Episode 308: LanzaTech CEO Reflects

(GreenBiz)  A visit with 'badass' LanzaTech CEO Jennifer Holmgren (29:10) Jennifer Holmgren was thinking about retirement when she was recruited to lead the carbon recycling company LanzaTech. Under her leadership, the company has forged high-profile relationships to turn captured CO2

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What Is eSAF, Why the Buzz and What’s Stopping It from Being Produced at Scale Today?

by Andreea Moyes and Peter Nowobilski (AIR bp and bp/Biofuels Digest)  With the aviation industry committed to curtailing lifecycle carbon emissions, sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has an important role to play. Air bp is already working alongside airlines and airports around

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Now on Broadway: LanzaTech’s $2.2B SPAC Merger Takes the Advanced Bioeconomy’s Biggest Hit to an Even Bigger Stage

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Illinois, news arrived that LanzaTech will go public in a merger with the NASDAQ-traded blank check firm AMCI Acquisition Corp II. The deal is reported to value the company at $2.2 billion. The transaction is expected

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Twelve and LanzaTech Partner to Create Ethanol From CO2

(Business Wire)  Carbon transformation company Twelve and biotechnology company LanzaTech have transformed CO2 emissions into ethanol as a part of an ongoing research and development partnership. The two companies combined technology capabilities to create ethanol, which is a common alcohol used as fuel, and an ingredient in

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An Introduction to Sustainable Aviation Fuels -- Part 1 of a Series, "Sustainable Aviation Fuels: A Critical Emissions Mitigation Strategy Gaining Momentum"

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  ... Aviation is a difficult sector to decarbonize. The enormous energy required to fly a heavy aircraft long distances takes an energy dense power source that liquid hydrocarbon fuel provides. Battery technology for

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Reganosa to Test New Green Hydrogen Production and Storage Technologies

(Reganosa/NGV Journal) Reganosa will test new technologies for the production and storage of green hydrogen in Spain. Together with the Technological Institute of Industrial Mathematics (Itmati) and within a consortium of leading companies in the sector, the Galician energy multinational will

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California's Battle to Cut Emissions with Biofuels Burns in New Truck Engines

by Laura Sanicola (Reuters)  Renewable diesel is touted as a cleaner-burning fuel, but a recent study has shown the fuel falls short on one measure of reducing pollution from new truck engines - giving pause to California regulators who support increased production. ... Renewable

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Johnson Matthey Launches HyCOgen, an Enabling Technology to Efficiently Convert CO2 and Green Hydrogen into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Johnson Matthey/PR Newswire) - Launch of HyCOgen will play a key role in enabling captured CO2 and green hydrogen to be converted into sustainable aviation fuel; - In combination with FT CANSTM technology, Johnson Matthey delivers an integrated, scalable solution Johnson Matthey, a global leader in sustainable technologies, has launched

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UK Trade Remedies Authority Proposes Trade Measures for Biodiesel Public Comment DEADLINE: January 14, 2022

(UK Government Trade Remedies Authority) The UK TRA has proposed that existing measures on imports of FAME biodiesel are kept, but that measures on imports of HVO biodiesel are removed.  -- In its initial findings, the UK’s Trade Remedies Authority (TRA) has today

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State of Advanced Biofuels & Biorefining

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  Check out remarks from Jim Lane, Editor & Publisher of The Digest on rationale, forecast, the top news and storylines, feedstocks, genetics, crops, supply chain and more on the state of advanced biofuels and

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Nordic Transports Switch to HVO Fuel – Estimating an 88 Per Cent Reduction of CO2 Emissions Annually

(Mondelēz International)  As part of Mondelēz Internationals commitment to a 2050 net zero emissions target, the company is replacing regular diesel with HVO biodiesel on all transports in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The use of HVO fuel, which is a

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Biofuels Can Make Orbital Launches Greener

by Evan Harp (ETF Trends)  Even though space flight involves leaving the Earth, like every other sector, it is contending with its environmental impact. Two British rocket startups are claiming that their technology can reduce spaceflight’s carbon footprint through renewable fuel. Both Skyrora and Orbex have unique solutions

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On Announces CleanCloud™ - Turning Carbon Emissions into Running Shoes in Cooperation with LanzaTech and Borealis

(On, Inc./CISION) Swiss sports brand On leads supply chain coalition to reshape carbon waste into running shoes  -- Main Facts: - On announces CleanCloud™ - a sustainability initiative using carbon emissions to create foam for running shoes. - On is moving away from petroleum-based

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Turning Carbon into Solar Fuel – Closing the Loop on CO2 Emissions

by Scarlett Evans (Bio Market Insights)  ...  Finding technologies to curb our carbon is essential, and attention is turning to projects that make carbon cutting a priority. One such project is that of Swinburne University of Technology’s Associate professor Tianyi Ma, who

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Jet Fuel from Smokestacks

by Keith Button (Aerospace America)  The air transport industry lacks enough suppliers of sustainable aviation fuel to meet the anticipated demand as airlines become more aggressive about reining in their carbon footprints and more travelers take to the air. Keith Button

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Tenneco Explores Synthetic Fuels for Climate-Neutral Mobility

Tenneco is putting its 100-plus years of powertrain expertise in improving vehicle fuel efficiency and reducing emissions to work to explore synthetic fuels (e-fuels), a viable near-term solution to further maximize the efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint of internal

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Artificial Photosynthesis Technology Emerging

(National Research Council of Science & Technology/Phys.Org) Korean researchers are striving to turn artificial photosynthesis technology into reality to achieve carbon neutrality or accomplish a net carbon emission value of zero. Artificial photosynthesis is a technology that mimics natural photosynthesis by

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Scientists Show a Single Catalyst Can Perform the First Step of Turning CO2 into Fuel in Two Very Different Ways

by Glennda Chui (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)  Their work aims to bridge two approaches to driving the reaction – one powered by heat, the other by electricity – with the goal of discovering more efficient and sustainable ways to convert

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Fremont Switching Dozens of Vehicles to Renewable Diesel

by Joseph Geha (The Mercury News)  Switch will reduce fleet vehicle carbon emissions by 13%  -- In an effort to reduce its own carbon footprint, Fremont soon will be switching dozens of its heavy duty vehicles and equipment to renewable diesel,

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Scientists Offered Using Methanol in Power Generation for Electric Cars

(Ural Federal University/EurekAlert)  Technology is economical, safe, environmentally friendly, and energy-efficient --  Professors at Ural Federal University (UrFU, Russia) Sergey Shcheklein and Aleksey Dubinin have developed a technology for generating energy for an electric car engine using methanol. An article describing

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The Road to Net Zero: Kao Data Becomes First UK Data Centre To Transition From Diesel To Renewable HVO Fuel

(Kao Data) • Partnership with Crown Oil sees Kao Data become UK’s first data centre operator to fuel all their back-up generators with HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) fuel in place of traditional diesel As a clean, renewable diesel alternative, HVO

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Finland's Largest Power-to-Gas Plant - Wärtsilä and Vantaa Energy to Continue Planning towards an Investment Decision

(Electric Energy Online/Wärtsilä) The technology group Wärtsilä and Finnish utility, Vantaa Energy Ltd, have signed a co-operation agreement for pre-engineering and development of a Power-to-Gas (P2G) plant for Vantaa Energy. The plant planned to be commissioned in 2025 would be the

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UrbanX Group Signs Engineering Design Contract for Its Renewable Diesel Facility in Bakersfield

(Urban X Group/Business Wire) UrbanX Renewables Group of Long Beach, CA, executed its front-end engineering design contract, an essential step for building the state’s first facility producing ultra-low carbon renewable diesel, a fuel essentially indistinguishable from the petroleum product it is

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LanzaTech and BASF Achieve First Milestone in Utilizing Industrial Off-Gases for Chemical Production

(LanzaTech) Industrial exhaust gas used to produce sustainable alcohol; White biotechnology enables carbon recycling  -- Transforming the carbon contained in industrial off-gases into valuable chemicals is the aim of a partnership between LanzaTech and BASF. Now the partners have achieved a key first

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The Return of Electrofuels: Amazon, Mitsubishi, AP Ventures Invest in Infinium’s Bid to Make Fuels from CO2, Water

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Infinium Electrofuels process converts renewable power into green hydrogen, then uses this green hydrogen and waste carbon dioxide to produce net-zero carbon fuels. These fuels may be used in today’s plane, ship and truck fleets

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VTT, Neste et al in Search for E-Fuels Breakthrough

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Finland, a partnership led by VTT and Neste aimed at using sustainable electricity and sequestered carbon dioxide to make fuels received €3.3M (about $4 million USD) in funding from Business Finland. Altogether, EUR 6

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From Waste to Profits and Products: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Sierra Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How do you recycle mixed and complex waste? What about waste that can’t be recycled? These are the questions that Mike Hart, CEO of Sierra Energy tackles in this illuminating slide guide that looks at

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Carbon Reductions On the Rise in 2021

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board)  With carbon reduction taking center stage, biodiesel and renewable diesel can provide immediate and substantial benefits, including 80% reduction in both greenhouse gases and particulate matter, an over 40% reduction in carbon monoxide, and

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Air Quality Impacts of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

by Jane O’Malley, Stephanie Searle, and Tenny Kristiana (International Council on Clean Transportation) As Indonesia moves toward more advanced vehicle emission standards, lower sulfur limits in fuel, and palm biodiesel expansion, it is important to understand the impact that increasing palm biodiesel

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Mining the Sky for CO2 with Metal Trees, Towers and Pumps

by John Fialka (E&E News) ... "Can we afford not to do this?" was the way Steve Oldham, the CEO of Carbon Engineering, headquartered in Squamish, British Columbia, put it in a recent TED Talk. He estimated that climate-related damages will

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Biodiesel: A Message of Unity and Well-Being

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Biodiesel has a great story to tell―a unifying, healing message. It is one that must be told to policymakers, regulators, and consumers lest the "electrify-everything" movement steamrolls our narrative before it is even considered. ...

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EPA to Award up to $5.5 Million for Clean Diesel Projects in Mid-Atlantic Region

(Environmental Protection Agency) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today has awarded up to $5.5 million in clean diesel funding to the Mid-Atlantic Region organizations to support their clean diesel programs and projects to reduce emissions. The organizations include the Mid-Atlantic Regional

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Article in Science: Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Technology to Unlock the Full Potential of Renewable Power

by Aleksandra Wójcik (Haldor Topsoe)  An article in the esteemed Science magazine suggests that solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology can unlock the full potential of renewable power and provide climate-friendly fuels. SOEC is a core technology in power-to-X solutions

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For a Climate-Friendly Industry: Using Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen as Raw Materials for Sustainable Chemicals

(Siemens)  Evonik and Siemens Energy put pilot plant into operations; Artificial photosynthesis closes carbon dioxide cycle; The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding the various project stages with more than €6 million Evonik and Siemens Energy today commissioned a

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LanzaTech Eyes Two More Spin-off Companies

by Kirstin Korosec (TechCrunch) LanzaTech CEO Jennifer Holmgren said Tuesday on the Disrupt 2020 virtual stage that the carbon capture technology company is planning to use its core technology to create two other businesses.  LanzaTech captures waste gas emissions and uses bacteria

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Celebrating National Aviation Day … and Commenting on How Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Is Tied to Future Sustainability, and Success, of the Enterprise

by Steve Csonka (Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative)  Today is National Aviation Day in the U.S., a recognition instituted by FDR in 1939, honoring the birthday of Orville Wright, but also creating awareness of, and celebrating the progress and vision

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Tomorrow Arriving Today: 5 Technology Platforms to Watch for the 2020s that Are Materially Advancing Now, Despite COVID-19

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... New research shows sustainability has moved from a fringe preference into a core imperative across American life. According to a new survey from clean manufacturing leader Genomatica, 56% of Americans want brands and government to prioritize

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"Just a Minute" Educational Series Presents Episode 2 about Making Chemicals from Waste CO2

(Advanced Biofuels USA) The second episode of  "Just A Minute or So about Renewable Fuels" focuses on making chemicals from waste CO2 in a circular economy.  Students, teachers, or anyone interested in renewables can see in a 3-minute slide presentation

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My Turn: Robert Morton: Biodiesel Is already Tackling the Climate Crisis

by Robert Morton (Providence Journal) Recently, the House Select Committee on the Climate Crisis released its final report and recommendations for legislative and regulatory measures to address carbon emissions. The report provided an action plan, including a national Low Carbon Fuel

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More Biofuel from Same Amount of Biomass

by Peter Vang Hendriksen (Technical University of Denmark) It is possible to produce much more biofuel from the same amount of biomass by combining electrolysis with biomass gasification.  --  In the Synfuel project, the researchers have succeeded in combining two known technologies

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John J. Mooney: An Appreciation of Performance Directed Engineering Greatness

by Robert Kozak* (Atlantic Biomass/Advanced Biofuels USA)  I was sad to see an obituary today for the great engineer John J. Mooney.  Who was John J. Mooney you ask? He was the co-inventor of both the 2-way and the 3-way motor

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Renewable Fuel from Carbon Dioxide with the Aid of Solar Energy

(Linköping University/EurekAlert!) Researchers at Linköping University, Sweden, are attempting to convert carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, to fuel using energy from sunlight. Recent results have shown that it is possible to use their technique to selectively produce methane, carbon monoxide or

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Growth Energy Identifies Omissions in EPA Report

(Growth Energy)  Growth Energy today said the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) new “anti-backsliding” report on the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) side-steps the wide body of evidence supporting a clear scientific consensus around the clean air benefits of homegrown ethanol. The study, required

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Ethanol Blog: Ethanol Industry Groups Disappointed in EPA Emissions Study

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer) EPA's release of a so-called "anti-backsliding" study on Friday that calls for no further action to mitigate potential adverse air quality effects from renewable fuels, was met with disappointment by two ethanol industry interest groups. The

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Just Because It's in Popular Science That Doesn't Mean It's True: An Open Letter to Jennifer Lu and Popular Science Magazine

by Marc J. Rauch (The Auto Channel)  ... The reason I'm contacting you today, in 2020, is because yesterday I received a message from a reader who disagrees with my advocacy of ethanol based upon your article. In my reply to

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Chicago Suburban Fleets Recognized for B20 Use

(Illinois Soybean Association/Biodiesel Magazine) Two Chicago-area fleets rank among the 100 Best Fleets in the Americas, an annual list of the top public fleets in North and South America. The Forest Preserve District of DuPage County ranks 28 on the list

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Biodiesel vs. Diesel: Everything You Need to Know

(Car and Driver) Are you thinking about switching to a biodiesel-compatible vehicle or running your current diesel car or truck on biodiesel fuel? Continue reading to learn the pros and cons of biodiesel vs. diesel, what's driving the market, and

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Using Waste Carbon Feedstocks to Produce Chemicals

by Elizabeth R. Nesbitt (U.S. International Trade Commission)  Emerging carbon capture utilization (CCU) technologies potentially allow chemical companies and other manufacturers to capture waste carbon—in the form of carbon monoxide (CO) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2)—from industrial emissions and process it

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Biodiesel’s Green Footprint for Fleets: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to the National Biodiesel Board’s Biodiesel Industry – Part 2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Check out Part 2 of the National Biodiesel Board’s slide guide that focuses on biodiesel’s on-road heavy-duty emission benefits, why they consider biodiesel as “liquid solar energy”, how 3 billion gallons of biodiesel used in

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Sandals Runs Successful Biodiesel Pilot Project in Saint Lucia

(Saint Lucia News Online) Following the success of its first Biodiesel Conversion Centre in Saint Lucia, Sandals Resorts International is exploring ways to expand the project throughout its resorts across the region.  For the last five years, the company’s Dive Centre

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Rubis Launches Renewable Diesel

(Rubis)  Rubis, the Channel Islands’ most forward-thinking fuel distributor, is launching an advanced biofuel, as an immediate solution towards Jersey’s objective to reduce carbon emissions. -- After Scandinavian and Baltic countries, the Channel Islands will become only the 11th jurisdiction

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A Novel Biofuel System for Hydrogen Production from Biomasss

by JooHyeon Heo (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST))  A novel technology has been developed for hydrogen production from the process, which involves electron that is produced during the decomposition of biomass such as waste wood. The result

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Rapunzel, Rapunzel: Getting the Hydrogen We Need from the Garbage We Don’t

by Jim Lane (Hydrogen Digest) ... In the case of municipal solid waste, there are a couple of reasons why hydrogen might be a smart target, and why gasification is the best route, where we use heat to convert mixed

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Turning CO2 into Fuel

by Andrew Myers (American Energy Society)  ... Recycling CO2 emissions themselves as researchers at Stanford University are doing has shown some promising results. They are turning carbon dioxide from car exhaust pipes and other sources into fuels like natural gas

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Carbon Capture Technologies: Biomass Industry’s Unique Opportunity

by Jessie Stolark (Biomass Magazine/Carbon Capture Coalition)  Spurred by interest and growing recognition of the role biomass can play in mitigating climate change, project developers and policy makers are putting biomass on the map, but perhaps under a name you

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Simplify Your Fuel Decision with Biodiesel

by Steve Klein (ACT News/Renewable Energy Group) With so many fuel options available these days, it can be hard to know which is right for your fleet. As a fleet owner or manager, you’re undoubtedly keeping emissions, performance, and ease of

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Cellulose Car, Fermentation for Fragrances, World’s 1st Solar Hydrogen Electrolysis Facility, Green Tea Leather Alternative, Hydrogen from CO2 and More: The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of November 7th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Nature is an amazing thing. But add human brains and technology and you can get some pretty amazing things too – like a renewable insulating foam wetsuit to make your ocean outings even more in tune

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S. Korea Builds Hydrogen Plant

(South Korea Bizwire) South Korea has built a hydrogen plant in the country’s western region, the oceans ministry said Tuesday, in a move that could further boost its efforts to support the promotion of hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles. The Korea Western

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IJER Editorial: The Future of the Internal Combustion Engine

by R D Reitz, H Ogawa, R Payri, T Fansler, S Kokjohn, Y Moriyoshi, AK Agarwal, D Arcoumanis, D Assanis, C Bae, K Boulouchos, M Canakci, S Curran, I Denbratt, M Gavaises, M Guenthner, C Hasse, Z Huang, T Ishiyama,

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Heard on the Floor at ABLC Next

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) USDA releases Report on the Bioeconomy:  The USDA released its Report on the Bioeconomy Imiplementation Framework. The Bioeconomy Initiative: Implementation Framework will serve as a guiding document for the BR&D Board member agencies to increase government accountability

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demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National 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Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm 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pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps 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Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet 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