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The Brazilian Behemoth: The Biggest, Baddest Advanced Biorefinery of Them All, Open for Business

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News arrives from Brazil that has been eagerly awaited by all. Raízen has inaugurated its new, $228 million, second-generation ethanol plant, at the Bonfim Bioenergy Complex, in Guariba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The

June 03, 2024 Read Full Article

Shell-Backed Ethanol Firm Considers Making Sustainable Jet Fuel in Brazil

by Dayanne Sousa (BNN Bloomberg) The world’s biggest supplier of ethanol made from sugar cane is considering building a sustainable jet fuel plant in its home country of Brazil. “We truly believe that there is a structural advantage to producing in Brazil,”

February 29, 2024 Read Full Article

Neste Renews Green Finance Framework

(Neste) Neste has published a renewed Green Finance Framework to align future financing activities with market best practices and standards.  Neste published its first Green Finance Framework in 2021 and since then has issued four green bonds totalling EUR 2.1 billion and

February 22, 2024 Read Full Article

Fulcrum Bioenergy, Aiming to Produce ‘Net-Zero’ Jet Fuel From Plastic Waste, Hits Heavy Turbulence

by James Bruggers  (Inside Climate News) The California company has defaulted on $289 million in Nevada bonds and put $500 million in financing for a facility in Indiana on hold. Meanwhile, U.S. senators don’t want tax credits financing plastics-to-jet-fuel schemes.  --  Six

November 25, 2023 Read Full Article

Strategic Biofuels Seeks to Further Bolster Louisiana Green Fuels Project Via US DOE Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program

(Strategic Biofuels/Business Wire) Strategic Biofuels Seeks to Further Bolster Louisiana Green Fuels Project Via US DOE Title XVII Loan Guarantee Program. The company has been invited to submit a Part II application to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Title XVII

March 09, 2023 Read Full Article

All Hands on Deck Needed to Fulfill Biofuels Promise

by David R. Rubenstein (California Ethanol + Power/Biofuels Digest) ... The proposed rule also includes a system allowing electric vehicle manufacturers to register with the EPA and generate credits based on electric Renewable Identification Numbers for power produced from qualifying renewable

December 13, 2022 Read Full Article

City of Omaha in Nebraska, US Agrees $20m Contract for Biogas Project

(Bioenergy Insight) The City of Omaha in Nebraska, US is moving forward with a plan to turn human waste into green energy, and expects to make millions of dollars in the process, according to Omaha World Herald. With a $20 million investment

September 20, 2022 Read Full Article

Strategic Biofuels Project Drives $1M Grant from DHS and FEMA to the Port of Columbia

(Strategic Biofuels/Business Wire) The Louisiana Green Fuels Project in Caldwell Parish Seen as Critical Infrastructure by the Federal Government ---Strategic Biofuels, the leader in developing negative carbon footprint renewable fuels plants, announced today that the Port of Columbia, home to

August 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Louisiana Green Fuels Allocated $250 Million of Private Activity Bonds by Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards

(Acrofan/Business Wire/Green Fuels) The State of Louisiana continues its commitment to the world’s most deeply carbon-negative renewable diesel fuel project --  Strategic Biofuels, the leader in developing negative carbon footprint renewable fuels plants, announced today that Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards

February 18, 2022 Read Full Article

JPMorgan Asset Arm Creates New Team to Focus on Sustainable Investments

by Sohini Podder (Reuters)  JPMorgan Chase & Co's (JPM.N) asset management arm said on Monday (January 24, 2022) it had created a new private equity team to focus on sustainable investments, the bank's latest move to align its activities with its climate-change

February 02, 2022 Read Full Article

Cutting Edge Funding & Contractual Structures: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF Project Financing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Accelerating deployment of sustainable aviation fuel – it’s the talk of the town this past week and here to share the latest on project financing for SAF is project finance expert Mark Riedy. From what

September 24, 2021 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Plant in Final Stages of Completion in Barka

by Kabeer Yousuf (Oman Observer) Oman produces nearly 600,000 litres of used cooking oil in a year, which goes down the drain causing pollution Asim Khamis al Sabri Owner of the initiative  -- A biodiesel plant which converts used cooking oil

August 03, 2021 Read Full Article

Bioarag Registers Its First Green Bond Program for 10 Million

(Cinco Dias (Google Translation))  Biodeésel de Aragón is the sixth issuer of sustainable bonds of the MARF -- Biodiesel de Aragón (Bioarag) has registered in the MARF Market of Bolsas y Mercados Españoles (BME) its first green bond issuance program

July 29, 2021 Read Full Article

Companies for Net Zero Holds Informative and Dynamic Session on Financing RNG Projects

(Waste Advantage Magazine) On Thursday, May 20, Companies for Net Zero (formerly Companies for Zero Waste) held a great, informative session on Financing RNG Projects. The event kicked off with a discussion on “Cutting Edge Funding and Contractual Structures for Successful RNG

July 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Sugar Valley Energy Project to Issue Green Bonds

(California Ethanol + Power/Ethanol Producer Magazine) California Ethanol + Power (CE+P) on June 7 announced that its Sugar Valley Energy advanced biofuel project has been verified for Green Bond Financing through the alignment of the project with the Green Bond Principles

June 15, 2021 Read Full Article

Financing Carbon Capture

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)   Sens. Michael Bennet (D-Colo.) and Rob Portman (R-Ohio) are introducing legislation today that would help businesses finance carbon capture technology at power plants and other industrial facilities, and seek to give a boost to direct air capture. The bill, dubbed

May 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Is There Money for Renewable Fuels? Latest Perspectives on Financing Renewable Fuel Projects

by Mike Newman (Parhelion Underwriting Inc./Biofuels Digest) Connecting people from renewable fuels companies with projects they want to finance to the people who can finance them was a key goal for Parhelion Underwriting’s recent virtual roundtable. The finance panel included Justin Goldstein

October 13, 2020 Read Full Article

Oil Prices Have Fallen below $0 a Barrel. What Does It Mean for the Climate? This Could Be an Opportunity to Reshape Our Energy System. But It Could Also Simply Lead to a Bailout of Oil Companies.

by Adele Peters (Fast Company)  ... Fracking companies have lost billions over the past decade. Some investors may be even more reluctant to invest in the sector now. “I think on the financial side, I would think twice as a

April 24, 2020 Read Full Article

Democrats Say They Won't Raise Gas Tax

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  Four Democratic candidates for president — former Vice President Joe Biden, billionaire Tom Steyer, Sen. Amy Klobuchar and former South Bend, Ind., Mayor Pete Buttigieg — said at an infrastructure forum in Las Vegas

February 18, 2020 Read Full Article

Mayor Pete Buttigieg Reveals Climate Plan

by Miro Korenha (Our Daily Planet)  ... Mayor Pete Buttigieg revealed his climate plan, a comprehensive vision to tackle some of the most carbon-intensive sectors of our economy. ... Net Zero:  No later than 2050 Cost: No total cost was initially identified, although individual spending

September 04, 2019 Read Full Article

Bonds and Bioenergy: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to IFC

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  International Finance Corporation, a sister organization of the World Bank and member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector in developing countries. They leverage their products

May 10, 2019 Read Full Article

New Energy Presses on with Cellulosic Ethanol

by Mikkel Pates (AgWeek) New Energy Blue LLC is about five months away from finishing engineering and permitting on a $150 million plant project that would turn wheat and corn field residue into ethanol for high-end renewable markets. If everything goes

December 10, 2018 Read Full Article

Global Cooperation Forum: Towards a Common Preflight Checklist for the Biofuture Takeoff

(Biofuture Platform)  Relevant stakeholders gather within ABLC Global 2018 to discuss a “minimum checklist” of actions to create the right environment for the global takeoff of the low carbon bioeconomy.  --  The Biofuture-led Global Cooperation Forum: towards a common preflight checklist for

November 09, 2018 Read Full Article

From the Dump to the Pump: Fulcrum BioEnergy Breaks Ground on Landmark Trash-to-Jet Fuel Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Near Reno, Nevada, Fulcrum BioEnergy broke ground today for its 10 million gallon per year first commercial plant that makes jet fuel from municipal solid waste. For thousands of years we have had a love/hate relationship

May 17, 2018 Read Full Article

Biorefinery Asks Grand Forks County to Help It Sell $80 Million in Bonds

by April Baumgarten  (Grand Forks Herald)  ... The Grand Forks County Commission approved during a Tuesday meeting a resolution that sets the stage for a public hearing for the Red River BioRefinery bond. The $80 million bond has not been

February 08, 2018 Read Full Article

The Story of Red Rock Biofuels and the Bond Market Breakthroughs

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In the world of drop-in military biofuels, two major updates appeared this week. In Oregon, Red Rock Biofuels got good news on Monday when the governor approved $245 million in bonds that will allow the company’s planned

January 12, 2018 Read Full Article

Confronting and Solving “Chicken or Egg” Conundrums in Renewable Project Development

by Tim Sklar (Biofuels Digest)  Looking to turn vicious project financing cycles into virtuous cycles?  This case study in developing a small-scale Bio-LNG plant offers cautionary tales and a way forward. In July 2014, Biofuels Digest had published an article titled

April 07, 2015 Read Full Article

Growing the Green Bond Market to Finance a Cleaner, Resilient World

(The World Bank)  Story Highlights:  Green bonds give investors an innovative way of supporting clean energy, mass transit, and other low-carbon projects that can help countries adapt to and mitigate climate change.   The World Bank has mobilized over $5.3 billion

March 19, 2014 Read Full Article

Green Banks, Green Bonds, Green Principles: 3 New Paths for Renewable Project Financing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Developers: is affordable project finance tough to find?  Lenders: want to support green projects, but find that traditional deal structures defeat your best intentions?  Help is on the way, via green bond principles and green

February 11, 2014 Read Full Article

Biorefinery 2015 – Transformations in Biofuels Costs, Financing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The first wave of cellulosic biofuels projects are now reaching completion.  But what does the next wave look like – from technology to financing? We explore the trends in our two-part Biorefinery 2015 series. ... Long-term,

March 25, 2013 Read Full Article

Green Bonds Offer Cheaper Debt for First Advanced Biofuel Plants

by Louise Downing  (Bloomberg BusinessWeek)  Alternative forms of financing such as so-called green bonds may spur companies to build their first advanced-biofuels plants, the head of environmental finance atCitigroup Inc. (C) said. Green bonds for carbon-reducing projects, issued by bodies such as

March 18, 2013 Read Full Article

Hot Sauce! 5 Lessons Louisiana Can Teach Us about Advanced Bayoufuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Louisiana — hot as cayenne pepper in biofuels capacity development, but some cautionary tales there in the sauce. When it comes to the first generation of ethanol and biodiesel-based biofuels, Louisiana didn’t figure much into the

March 07, 2013 Read Full Article

Unleashing the Power of the Bio-Economy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Recommendations from the Milken Institute — and a group of industry heavyweights — to accelerate the bioeconomy revolution. In California this week, the Milken Institute released a good read on the future of the bioeconomy, based

March 06, 2013 Read Full Article

Hot Route! New Bioenergy Financing Pathway via Risk Transfer Guaranty Bonds

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  One of the most interesting and compelling solutions to the problem of financing commercial-scale biofuels was unveiled this week at the Avalon Air Show by Westar CEO Cindy Thyfault. Dubbed the Risk Transfer Guaranty Bond –

February 27, 2013 Read Full Article

Missouri Organizes for Energy Independence

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Like many states (or countries) that have limited oil reserves or reserves that are economically unfeasible to extract at this time – the path to energy independence lies generally in Missouri’s substantial “above-ground oil fields”

August 23, 2012 Read Full Article

The Money Identity, the Bond Supremacy, the Washington Ultimatum: Biofuels and Loan Guarantees

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Essentially, despite rising banking sector profits and good results from stress tests, the bank financing market has not returned for biofuels – the financing source for whom the USDA loan guarantee was developed in the

February 22, 2011 Read Full Article

The Name is Bond, part II: Financiers Find Biofuels Financing Options in Bond Market

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   ...Although equity investors (primarily strategics and venture capitalists) and the government grant market has continued to participate strongly in biofuels investing, the debt market that typically represents up to 80 percent of commercial scale financing

May 17, 2010 Read Full Article

The Name is Bond: New Concepts in Bond Financing May Break Biofuels Finance Logjam

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A team from the investment bank Stern Brothers, the law firms Mintz Levin and Kreig DeVault have developed a bond-oriented approach that has received favorable initial reaction from the USDA, and may well break the logjam

May 14, 2010 Read Full Article
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(FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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