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Boeing Provides Guidance on SAF Usage for Defense Aircraft

(Boeing)  “No Technical Objection” clears way for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) use at approved blending limits on Boeing-built military aircraft -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] has released guidance to defense customers that company-built military aircraft can operate on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at

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Norway Aims to Use Biofuel for Its F-35 Multirole Fighters.

(Global Defense News Army Recognition Group) The Norwegian Armed Forces have announced an ambitious initiative to have their F-35 fighters fly with biofuel by the end of the year, as indicated on the Norwegian Ministry of Defense's X account on May

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Congress Continues To Affirm That Climate Security Is National Security

(Clean Technica)  ... Congress voted to override the president’s veto of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), enacting H.R. 6395, the “William M. (Mac) Thornberry” NDAA for Fiscal Year (FY) 2021. ... With the enactment of the FY21 NDAA, Congress again demonstrates

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What Impact Do Low Carbon Fuel Standards Have on Fuel Prices?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) There are horse whisperers and there are fuel price whisperers. The latter, they beguile us with their charts and tables and reports and white papers and studies, generally aimed at making fuel prices seem awfully complex,

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Energy Security Group Makes Case for Car Rules as Trump Tweets

(Washington Examiner)  The military cost of defending oil trade routes makes a solid case for keeping in place strong fuel-economy standards, the group Securing America’s Future Energy said in a report released soon after Trump began tweeting about OPEC prices on Thursday. “Following

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State Government of Queensland : Pentagon Meeting Advances Queensland’s Emerging Biofuel Industry

(Office of Queensland Minister for State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning The Honourable Cameron Dick)  Queensland’s potential as the biofuel hub of the Asia Pacific has taken centre stage in Washington this week at a meeting with the US Department of the Navy. Minister

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QUOTE OF THE WEEK

Göran Bengtsson, Director of Research and Technology, Future Business, Aeronautics, commenting on the 100% biofuel test flight of a Gripen D single engine fighter: “Gaining independence from imports of oil is important from a defence standpoint and opens the way

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Navy Tests 100-Percent Advanced Biofuel

by Andrea Watters (Naval Aviation News)  Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus' energy vision came to fruition in September when the EA-18G "Green Growler" completed flight testing of a 100-percent advanced biofuel at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. The U.S.

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$26/gallon to $2.05 in 42 months: The Inside True Story of the US Navy’s Great Green Fleet

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Digest and BioChannel.TV released “Sustainable Fuels on Troubled Waters”, the Inside True Story of the US Navy’s Great Green Fleet — a documentary profile on the US Navy’s success in driving down

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Biobased Benefits Shine for Energy Security and Economy

(SoyBiobased.org)  When Lewis Bainbridge learned to fly helicopters for the U.S. military in the 1970s, the fuel crises limited his flight time and he had to wait an hour to get 10 gallons of gasoline. In recent years, Ian Macwan

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The Navy Builds Strength by Saving Energy

by David Ignatius (The Washington Post)  The week of July Fourth is a good moment to salute an unlikely champion of saving energy and switching to alternative fuels — the U.S. Navy. Once a supreme fuel-guzzler whose energy needs sometimes

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Secretary of the Navy Visits USS Mason for Biofuel RAS

by Janweb B. Lagazo (US Navy, USS Mason)  Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus, along with Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy Joseph M. Bryan and Chief of the Italian Navy Adm. Guiseppe De Giorgi, visited guided-missile destroyer

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U.S. Navy 'Green Fleet' Fills up with Italian-Made Biofuel

by Steve Scherer (Reuters)  A U.S. warship took its first delivery of Italian-made biofuel on Thursday as part of the Navy's program to use more alternative energy. The USS Mason was refueled alongside an Italian vessel, the Andrea Doria, in the

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Two CSGs In Mediterranean; Truman Attacking ISIS, Ike Demonstrating ‘Great Green Fleet’

by Megan Eckstein (US Naval Institute News)  ... For now, the Ike CSG is involved in Great Green Fleet operations, to include a multi-day passing exercise (PASSEX) with units of the Italian Navy’s Flotta Verde, according to a U.S. 6th Fleet news

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Launch of the Great Green Fleet

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  $2.05 per gallon for drop-in, non-food advanced biofuels blends. Who would have thought it possible a few years ago.  Well, the Navy for one. Their remarkable vision results in Carrier Strike Group 3 operating in a

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Great Green Fleet: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to the US Navy’s Transition to Renewable Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Department of the Navy is now buying advanced, drop-in, cost-competitive, next gen renewable fuels. The biofuels sought can be blended in a range of 10 to 50 percent with conventional petroleum products and must meet

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Amidst Drop in Oil Prices, U.S. Navy Deploys 'Great Green Fleet'

by David Alexander (Reuters/Yahoo!)  The U.S. Navy will formally deploy its so-called "Great Green Fleet" on Wednesday, sending warships to sea on biofuels even though oil prices have dropped 70 percent since congressional Republicans first criticized the high cost of

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Greening the Military

by Sara Stefanini (Politico)  Getting fuel into a war zone can be deadly. One soldier is killed on average for every 24 convoys sent across the mountains and deserts of Pakistan to supply foreign troops in Afghanistan. That’s why some of the

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Military Takes Clean Energy Seriously, and It’s Not Alone

by Justin Ford (Las Vegas Sun)  ... The U.S. military has long since decided climate change is a “threat multiplier.” Increasing global temperatures mean more dangerous situations around the world — stressing already-fragile states with resource shortages and mass migrations, for

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Why Veterans Are Pushing for More Clean Energy Back Home

by Kevin Johnson (Grist/Fusion)  Veterans know firsthand the dangerous challenges that come from fossil-fuel dependence, and many are choosing to help the country transition to a clean-energy economy when they return home. As a veteran, I personally know the high price we

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Your Illustrated Guide to the Next World Crisis, Its Energy Roots, the Issues, the Players, the Steps, and Remedies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest’s guide to the links between terror, petroleum dependence, economic stability, and military build-ups, as nations bear down in pursuit of energy security. In March 2014, Truman National Security Project executive director Mike Breen warned,

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Advanced Biofuels Community Leaders Meet: Persistent and Dogged in the Throes of a Tough Slog

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Every year, the annual Washington, DC gathering of leaders in the advanced biofuels world at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference sports a different "vibe." In the early days of the late 2000's, the atmosphere

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Advanced Drop-In Biofuels for Commercial Aviation, Marine Shipping, and Military Applications: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts

(Navigant Research)  Viewed as a game changer in the race to commercialize advanced biofuels, aviation and marine biofuels represent a very significant opportunity for emerging producers in the advanced biofuels industry. Demand for advanced biofuels produced from sustainable, non-food feedstocks

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On a More Positive Note at the Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)   After Day 1 at Biofuels Digests’s ABLC which served up depression, aggravation and despair; the group of intrepid travelers on the journey to a bio-based economy pulled themselves together and renewed what a number

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USDA and US Navy Explain the Ins and Outs of the Farm-to-Fleet Program at Industry Day: Presentations Available

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  At the US Department of Agriculture headquarters building in Washington, DC, on January 30, representatives of the USDA and Navy provided an overview of the newly announced Farm-to-Fleet program which will provide a format

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Agriculture, Navy Secretaries Promote U.S. Military Energy Independence with 'Farm-to-Fleet'

(US Department of Agriculture)  Program blends homegrown biofuels with conventional fuels, propelling ships, jets and jobs Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus today announced the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Navy's joint "Farm-to-Fleet" venture will

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Veterans Enter Fight for RFS

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  Two new organizations have entered the fight for the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) today as concerns about the future of the RFS deepen with the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA)proposed 2014 renewable fuels volumes going south. VoteVets.org and Americans United

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Inside the Military's Clean-Energy Revolution

by Julia Whitty (The Atlantic/Mother Jones)  ...To get to the Nimitz, 100 miles off Honolulu, our turboprop is flying a 50-50 blend of biofuel and standard JP-5 shipboard aviation fuel. The biofuel is made from algae plus waste cooking oil. This

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U.S. Army Examines Smaller, Flex-Fuel Generators

by Adam Stone  (Defense News)  The U.S. Army is testing new power packs that could run on virtually any fuel, including gasoline, ethanol and diesel. Developed by INI Power of Morrisville, N.C., the alternative energy power packs could even run on

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'Green Strike Group' Offers Point of Pride, Not Political Divisiveness

(25 x '25)  As the “green strike group” makes its way through the waters of the Pacific Rim this week, the performance of the advanced biofuels helping power many of those ships is a cause for celebration of American innovation

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Pentagon Biofuels Effort Aids Energy Independence

By Senator Jeanne Shaheen (D-New Hampshire) and Senator Susan Collins (R-Maine)  (Politico)  It’s disappointing that Congress may try to second-guess the Pentagon’s attempts to tackle one big problem: our dependence on foreign oil. Without changes to the new National Defense Authorization

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Why the RAND Report on Biofuels and the U.S. Military Has It Wrong

by Andrew Holland (Consumer Energy Report)  The RAND corporation recently released a report “Promoting International Energy Security” for the U.S. Air Force that, for the most part, contained the conventional wisdom about oil prices and energy security: in a global

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Increasing Our National Security with New Technology

by Retired Lt. Gen. John Castellaw, USMC, American Security Project  (The Hill/Congress Blog)  The United States military is the single largest purchaser of petroleum fuel in the world, burning through about 325,000 barrels of fuel per day. Almost all of

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Japan, the Pentagon, and the Future of Renewable Energy: Battle Lines Form

by Andrew DeWitt (The Asia-Pacific Journal)  ...The Republicans think they see their chance to throw a wrench in the works. They recently decided to open congressional hearings to try, through focusing on Navy Secretary Ray Mabus, to put a political face on

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Forum to Address Energy’s Role in National Security

(Midwest Energy News)  Military leaders are increasingly connecting the dots between energy, climate and national security issues. We’ve reported here before on the U.S. military’s push to go green with solar, biofuels and other renewable technologies. Across the pond, defense leaders in the United

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Biofuel Subsidies Need Reform

by Nathanael Green (Energy Now/Natural Resources Defense Council)  ...Our dependence on oil hurts our economy, helps our adversaries and puts our security at risk. Each day we send over $1 billion overseas for oil, often to hostile nations like Iran,

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Military Thinktank Urges US to Cut Oil Use

Suzanne Goldenberg   (The Guardian)  Report from Military Advisory Board says US must reduce energy imports over the next decade as a national security imperative In its report, the Military Advisory Board said the US should aim to drastically reduce its energy

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Our Troops Deserve the Support that Flows from Domestic Biofuels, Says Gen. Clark

Gen. Wesley K. Clark (Ret.) (Biofuels Digest)  ... Our nation imagines itself the most free and secure in the world, yet this statistic clearly identifies America’s reliance on foreign oil as a significant threat to our economy and national security. We can no

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Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting Addresses Algae, Biofuels

by Erin Voegele (Biodiesel Magazine)  The production of advanced biofuels was one of many renewable energy topics addressed by speakers at the recent annual meeting of the Clinton Global Initiative. During a keynote lunch address on green technology, Jonathan Wolfson,

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The Green Strike Group: The Fuels, The Force, The Skinny

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   ...Tactically, a Green Strike Group, powered by renewable diesel-electric engines, nuclear power and aviation biofuels, is able to operate independent of fossil fuel supply line threat or disruption. In the near term, this is

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Department of the Navy Goes Green with Osprey

(US Navy/Naval Air Systems Command)   The Navy and Marine Corps team reached another milestone toward achieving the Secretary of the Navy’s energy goals by successfully flying a Marine Corps MV-22 Osprey on biofuel Aug. 10 at Naval Air Station

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Senator Warner and Vice Admiral McGinn Discuss Energy Security, Fuel Economy

(The Pew Charitable Trusts)  This week, former Navy secretary and U.S. senator John W. Warner (R-Va.) is traveling with Vice Adm. Dennis V. McGinn (Ret.), vice chairman of the CNA Military Advisory Board, as part of a national tour to discuss

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Oil Is Biggest Military Weakness

by Senator Mark Udall (Politico)  The Pentagon released its first-ever operational energy strategy last month — a plan that could dramatically cut costs and save service members’ lives. The plan is not about fielding a new weapons system, but rather

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Navy Secretary Mabus Unabashed about ‘Choosing Winners’ in Fuel Market

by John Tomasic (Colorado Independent)  Makes case again for Udall Energy Security Act Coming on the heels of Colorado Senator Mark Udall’s reintroduction of the Energy Security Act, which would boost efforts to power the military with alternative energy, U.S. Navy Secretary

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Hinchey, Bartlett, Kingston and Office of Rep. Giffords Announce Formation of Defense Energy Security Caucus

Congressman Maurice Hinchey (D-NY), Congressman Roscoe Bartlett (R-MD), Congressman Jack Kingston (R-GA) and the Office of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ) today announced the formation of the Defense Energy Security Caucus (DESC). The Caucus aims to educate members of Congress and

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Energy Concerns Could Make Panetta First Green DOD Chief

by Annie Snider  (New York Times/Greenwire)  When Leon Panetta was sworn in this morning as the 23rd secretary of Defense, he inherited a force that is more fuel-dependent than ever -- a fact that those inside the Pentagon increasingly say

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GI Joe, Funding Man from Head to Toe: The DoD and Drop-In Biofuels at Scale

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As the Defense Department looks at its options to directly jump-start drop-in biofuels production at scale, we look at the Defense Production Act – the rationale, the process, the funding, and energy’s role In Washington, a

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Led By DoD, Federal Government Hoping To Fund Biorefineries

by Yuliya Chernova   (Wall Street Journal)  The Department of Defense, an emerging market force in biofuels, is working on a new program to finance non-petroleum fuel production, in collaboration with the departments of energy and agriculture, according to people familiar

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The Defense Department Is a Significant Driver of New Technology

by Brent Erickson (BIO/Biofuels Digest)  To carry out military and humanitarian missions around the world, U.S. forces require reliable fuel supplies and secure supply lines. The military is as much at the mercy of high oil and gasoline prices as

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US Navy Spartan Energy Ethos Means Biofuels (Four Commercial-Scale Biorefineries) and Energy Efficiency for the Fleet and the Country. For How Long? In Perpetuity ...

by Robert E. Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA)  On April 12th at the Navy League’s 2011 Sea-Air-Space Exposition, the leaders of the US Navy’s 50% petroleum reduction by 2020 program honed in on what it means for the Navy and for

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Enabling the Navy's Great Green Fleet

by Louise Poirier (Fuel Magazine/Ethanol and Biofuels News/Hart Energy)   Amid persistent concerns about supplying the enormous energy demands of the United States' armed forces, the military is pursuing alternatives, and the Department of the Navy is leading the way. For

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The Great Green Fleet

by James Marvin (The Virginia Pilot)  ...Off the capes of Virginia, a modern Navy swift boat cuts a wake at more than 50 miles per hour on fuel made from algae and petroleum. High over Maryland's Patuxent River, a Navy

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Marines Trying to Get Afghan Farmers Hooked on Energy Crops

by Annie Snider  (Greenwire/New York Times)   ...Nelson, who has already served two tours in Iraq, spent this past winter tinkering with combinations of cottonseed oil and JP-8, the military's universal fuel, to find a blend that works best in

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Global Realities

by General K. Wesley Clark (Ret.) (Growth Energy/Biofuels Digest)  ...(E)very Administration has warned of America’s addiction to foreign oil but none has dealt successfully with it. ... And today we are paying the price. We have seen our military presence in the

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INTERVIEW-Mideast Unrest Shows Need for Alternative Fuels-Mabus

by Andrea Shalal-Esa   (Reuters)   Oil price rises spurred by spreading unrest in the Middle East underscore why the U.S. military should reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, said U.S. Navy Secretary Ray Mabus. Every $10 increase in the price of a

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Air Force Tells Biofuels Industry to ‘Bring It’

by Grace V. Jean   (National Defense Magazine)  The Air Force within the next five years wants to be able to go on a shopping spree to snap up several hundred million gallons of alternative fuels produced within U.S. borders. As

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RAND Van Winkle: an Inside Look at RAND’s Controversial Survey of Military Alternative Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...A large number of leading companies, and industry associations, reported that they had had no contact with the RAND report team. There have been allegations that the RAND team, either through naivete or deliberately, ignored projects

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RFA Analysis of EPA’s “Preliminary” Triennial Report on Biofuels and the Environment to Congress

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association) In compliance with Section 204 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to report to Congress every three years on the environmental and resource conservation

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RAND Study Says Advanced Biofuels Offer No Direct Military Benefit

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...We hereby sentence the authors to a one-year subscription to Biofuels Digest. We continue to sound the alarm on “studies” that are, in essence, reviews of peer-reviewed literature reviews and interviews with secondary sources. It’s the

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Advanced Biofuels Association Responds to Faulty Study by RAND

(Advanced Biofuels Association)  ABFA President Michael McAdams responded to the RAND Corporation’s release today of results of its study, Alternative Fuels for Military Applications: “Shame on the RAND Corporation as it does a great disservice to itself and our nation by

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Algal Biomass Organization Questions Flawed RAND Report

(Algal Biomass Organization)  Today, the RAND Corporation published a study and accompanying press release calling into question the effectiveness of renewable fuels for military use. The report can be found here:http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011/RAND_MG969.pdf A copy of the press release can be found here:http://www.rand.org/news/press/2011/01/25.html It is

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No Direct Military Benefit from Use of Alternative Fuels by Armed Forces

(RAND Corporation)  If the U.S. military increases its use of alternative fuels, there will be no direct benefit to the nation's armed forces, according to a new RAND Corporation study. Any benefits from investment in alternative fuels by the U.S. Department of

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Military Signals Advanced Biofuels Demand: 336 Million Gallons per Year by 2020

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...This week in Honolulu, Chris Tindal of the US Navy joined advanced biofuels CEOs Jason Pyle of Sapphire Energy and Jonathan Wolfson of Solazyme at BIO’s Pacific Rim Summit, to discuss the scope and scale

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Ethanol Production Nears A Million Barrels Per Day

(New Energy and Fuel)  ...The U.S. is closing in on the million barrel per day milestone.  Cheers in some sections, groans in others, but for America, slashing off the equivalent of 750,000 b/d of imported oil is a good thing. Most

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REVIVAL! Hawai’i Bi-O Style: Elite Squad of Scientists Aim to Boost Hawaii via Bioenergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Hawaii is a code word meaning “paradise” not only to sun-starved tourists, but to bioenergy developers. It has all the hallmarks of the “perfect market”. 1. A state that generates no energy from fossil fuels and

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Navy Unveils Its 'Mean, Green Riverine Machine' in Norfolk

by Bill Sizemore (Virginia-Pilot)  The Navy took a step toward breaking its dependence on petroleum Friday, powering up a boat with fuel derived in part from seaweed. In a demonstration at Norfolk Naval Station, an experimental boat was put through a series

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EPA Right to Accelerate Auto Ethanol Usage

by Jim Nussell (The Washington Times) letter to editor   Tuesday's Washington Times editorial "Administration caves to Big Corn" (Comment & Analysis) ignores the hidden costs of our addiction to foreign oil and what moving to higher blends of ethanol could mean

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U.S. Military Plan: Get Off Oil By 2040

by Bill Moore (Reuters/EV World)  In September, the Center for New American Security (CNAS) issued a 36-page study entitled Fueling the Future Force: Preparing the Department of Defense for a Post-Petroleum Era (PDF). ...Why the urgency and why get off of

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US Fuel Convoys Under Attack, Amplifies Call for Renewable Energy

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  ...U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D-AZ 8th) came out in support of bipartisan leaders of the House Armed Services Committee for urging Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates to study new ways of reducing energy use. ...“Transporting fuel for operational

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On Land, Air and Sea, a Retrofit Mission

by Todd Woody  (New York Times)   Want to stimulate demand for renewable energy? Send in the Marines. That was Navy Secretary Ray Mabus’s message when he outlined plans to slash the Navy and Marine Corps’ dependence on fossil fuels during an appearance

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Algae – Will Bulls or Bears rule?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   ...A significant number of voices in the community continue to caution that algal biofuels are 10 years away, or likely to arrive at commercial scale only in the waning years of the existing Renewable Fuel

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The Ministry of Oil Defense

by Peter Maass (Foreign Policy) It's not polite to say so, but if Americans understood just how many trillions their military was really spending on protecting oil, they wouldn't stand for it. Shortly after the Marines rolled into Baghdad and tore

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Securing Foreign Oil: A Case for Including Military Operations in the Climate Change Impact of Fuels

by Brooke Coleman (Biofuels Digest/New Fuels Alliance)  Securing Foreign Oil is the title of Adam Liska’s and Richard Perrin’s recent article in Environment Magazine detailing why military emissions should be included in the carbon intensity (CI) values of petroleum fuels. The

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Vilsack: Unlikely Partnership for Our Clean Energy Future

Tom Vilsak (USDA/Richmond Times-Dispatch)  ...America can no longer rely on energy sources that are growing increasingly difficult to find and utilize. We cannot accept an energy future that allows oil producers, whether they are controlled by a foreign state or

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Producing and Using Biodiesel in Afghanistan

(biodieselinafghanistan.com)  On December 1, 2009, at West Point, President Obama announced to the nation that the U.S.will send 30,000 additional troops to Afghanistan as soon as possible. These additional troops will bring the U.S. total in Afghanistan to around 100,000. The additional troop commitment is part of

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Ethanol Industry Teams with Veterans

by Michelle Kautz (DomesticFuel.com)  For another year, the Clean Fuels Development Coalition (CFDC), the Ethanol Across America education campaign, and the FlexFuel Vehicle (FFV) Club paid homage to U.S. Military Vetarans on Memorial Day. The groups teamed with Volunteers of Underage

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Corn, Ethanol and the War on Terrorism

by Roy Roberson (Southeast Farm Press)   American farmers are producing enough corn to meet food needs, livestock feed needs and to provide a start for the country’s effort to develop a sustainable energy source to offset the high cost of

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“You Have a Friend in Bioenergy”: Sustainability, Advanced Biofuels, Rural Incomes and the Developing World

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...With respect to energy security, consider this: it is estimated that ten percent of all US military casualties come from the delivery of fuel. Even if it were true that none of the deployments of

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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing 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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo 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criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic 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