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Viking Line to Fuel Vessels with Biogas in “First Baltic Sea Green Corridor”

(Bioenergy Insight) Viking Line plans to power two vessels solely by biogas for an entire week from 29 August until 4 September, reducing emissions by 90%. The move is in celebration of Baltic Sea Day, and introduces the first green corridor ever

August 20, 2024 Read Full Article

Singapore's Marine Biofuel Demand Could Double by 2025 -TotalEnergies Exec

by Jeslyn Lerh (Reuters/Natural Gas World)  Marine biofuel demand at the world's largest bunker hub Singapore could potentially double by 2025 to almost 1 million metric tons from 2023 levels as shippers seek to cut emissions, a senior TotalEnergies executive said.  --  Marine

January 17, 2024 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Velocys and the Bayou Fuels Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The REenergize webcast series returned to the airwaves this past week and first guest was Velocys’ Jeff McDaniel, with this lucid, comprehensive  and concise update on one of the most exciting projects anywhere in the Gulf

August 29, 2023 Read Full Article

TUI Cruises Trials B30 Biofuel Onboard Mein Shiff 4 for the First Time

by Fatima Bahtić (Offshore Energy) German cruise line TUI Cruises has revealed that it has tested B30-blend fuel on its ship Mein Shiff 4 as part of the vessel’s voyage beyond the Barents Sea to the islands of Svalbard. As informed, the

July 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Nigeria Fuel Ethanol Cost Benefit Analysis Study

(Turner Mason and Company/U.S. Grains Council) There is only one grade of gasoline in Nigeria, a 91 RON regular. The gasoline is generally supplied from refineries in Western Europe and tankered to Nigeria. Nigeria has eight domestic refineries, four larger

March 08, 2023 Read Full Article

New Rule Considered by California Board Would Boost Renewable Diesel

by David Murray (The Waterways Journal Weekly) If a current proposal by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for marine vessels is approved, all harbor vessels, supply boats, fishing vessels, ferries, excursion vessels, tugboats, barges and dredges in California will be

December 30, 2022 Read Full Article

Korean Register to Support Development of Methanol Bunkering in Ulsan

(Korean Register) International classification society Korean Register (KR) and Ulsan Port Authority (UPA) have signed an MOU to support methanol-fueled ships and establish the South Korean port as a low-carbon, eco-friendly energy hub. Methanol is a clean burning marine fuel which produces

November 24, 2022 Read Full Article

Argus Media Whitepaper: Marine Biodiesel Demand Set to Grow Next Year

(Manifold Times) Argus Media on Wednesday (9 November) released a whitepaper on marine biodiesel where its marine fuels team explain how competitive this sustainable ‘drop in’ fuel is and introduce new Argus indexes aimed at providing clarity into costs. In the whitepaper

November 16, 2022 Read Full Article

Toyota Tsusho Supplies Biodiesel Fuel to Car Carriers at the Port of Nagoya - Contributing to the Realization of Carbon Neutrality by Reducing Greenhouse Gases from Marine Fuel -

(Toyota Tsusho) Toyota Tsusho Corporation ("Toyota Tsusho") announced today that Toyotsu Energy Corporation ("Toyotsu Energy") supplied marine biodiesel fuel*1 ("biofuel") using ship-to-ship bunkering*2 for a car carrier operated by Toyofuji Shipping Co., Ltd. ("Toyofuji Shipping") at the Port of Nagoya on July

September 14, 2022 Read Full Article

World’s Longest Green-Shipping Corridor to Be Established between the Netherlands and Singapore

(The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and the Port of Rotterdam/Biobased Diesel Daily) The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore and the Port of Rotterdam have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to establish the world’s longest green and

August 09, 2022 Read Full Article

Could Biodiesel Fuel Take the Lead in CT’s New Energy Plan?

(Connecticut Energy Marketers Association/CT Mirror) ... As of July 1st, a new Connecticut state law requires all home heating oil contain a 5% biodiesel mix, which will go up to a 50/50 mix by 2035. Most home heating oil today already

June 20, 2022 Read Full Article

OOMCO, Wakud Ink Pact to Introduce Biodiesel in Oman

(ZAWYA/Oman Daily Observer)  Wakud operates a Biodiesel plant in Khazaen Economic City -- Oman Oil Marketing Company (OOMCO) and Wakud International LLC (Wakud) have signed an agreement to introduce Biodiesel blends to the Sultanate of Oman. The two companies will explore

April 11, 2022 Read Full Article

Kohler Engines Approves Use of HVO for All Its Diesel Engines in Europe

(Kohler)  It’s full speed ahead for Kohler Engines and its commitment to lessen the environmental impact of its engines. The company recently approved use of EN15940- compliant Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, or HVOs, for all its diesel engines – either pure

March 22, 2022 Read Full Article

Fueling Net Zero: Sustainable Pathways for Aviation

by Alastair Blanshard (ICF) ... Our report for ATAG Waypoint 2050 offers a potential pathway for deploying enough sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for aviation to meet its climate ambitions. The transition to SAF represents a defining moment for the industry, as it looks

March 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Canada’s Ocean Supercluster Announces $65M Clean Ocean Advanced Biofuels Project

(Ocean Supercluster) ...  Canada’s Ocean Supercluster announced its largest project to date, the $65 million Clean Ocean Advanced Biofuels Project. In the project, Ontario-based Valent will work with a pan-Canadian team to produce Canada’s first renewable diesel from abundantly available agricultural

February 11, 2022 Read Full Article

GoodFuels Triples Marine Biofuel Sales in 2021

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In the Netherlands, Ship and Bunker reports GoodFuels tripled its marine biofuels sales in 2021 without citing exact figures. The Port of Rotterdam’s data for Q3 helps to shed light on volumes, with nearly 50,000 metric

December 29, 2021 Read Full Article

To What Extent Can Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) Mitigate the Environmental Impact of Flying?

by Mike McCurdy and Angus Reid-Kay (ICF)  ... Since SAF is operationally identical and certified as “Jet-A1” fuel, no changes are required in aircraft or engine fuel systems, distribution infrastructure, or storage facilities. That allows SAF use as an interim—and

November 11, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels Can Make Orbital Launches Greener

by Evan Harp (ETF Trends)  Even though space flight involves leaving the Earth, like every other sector, it is contending with its environmental impact. Two British rocket startups are claiming that their technology can reduce spaceflight’s carbon footprint through renewable fuel. Both Skyrora and Orbex have unique solutions

November 11, 2021 Read Full Article

Tuatara Expands Alternative Fuel Options

(SSC North America)  SSC Enhances Sustainability, Flexibility, Accessibility  -- SSC North America expands flexible-fuel capabilities of its powertrain assembly to meet the alternative fuel opportunities of road-legal and performance vehicles, integrating a synthesized methanol catalyst as a standard fuel option in

October 05, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Researchers Examine Biofuels for Maritime Shipping

(U.S. Department of Energy/Biomass Magazine) A multi-laboratory team of scientists led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory is studying the feasibility of using energy-dense biofuels such as biocrude and bio-oil to meet new emissions regulations for cargo ships. Cargo vessels ferrying commodities around

June 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Environmental Concerns Propel Research Into Marine Biofuels

(CaymanMamaNews/Globe Newswire/National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  A global effort to reduce sulfur and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships has researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and other Department of Energy facilities investigating the potential use of marine biofuels. “Biofuels

May 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Air Quality Impacts of Palm Biodiesel in Indonesia

by Jane O’Malley, Stephanie Searle, and Tenny Kristiana (International Council on Clean Transportation) As Indonesia moves toward more advanced vehicle emission standards, lower sulfur limits in fuel, and palm biodiesel expansion, it is important to understand the impact that increasing palm biodiesel

January 16, 2021 Read Full Article

MOL and euglena Co. Conduct Sea Trial of MOL Group Tugboat Using euglena Biodiesel Fuel for the First time in Port of Nagoya

(Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd.) Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL; President & CEO: Junichiro Ikeda) and euglena Co., Ltd. (Euglena; President: Mitsuru Izumo; Headquarters: Minato-ku, Tokyo) today announced a successful sea trial in the Port of Nagoya of the MOL Group-operated

December 15, 2020 Read Full Article

Biofuels in Prime Position to Deliver on Short-Term Climate Goals: Goodfuels CEO

by Tom Washington (S&P Global) Could slash shipping's emissions over the decade; Biofuels' market share remains limited for now; Coronavirus has made biofuels less competitive  --  As transport industries look to slash greenhouse gas emissions and examine alternative power options, biofuels are well-placed

November 06, 2020 Read Full Article

Cielo Provides Positive Update on its Production Levels, Signs a Research Agreement with the University of Calgary and Will Host a Live Webinar on Thursday, October 22nd

(Cielo/The Newswire) Cielo Waste Solutions Corp. ("Cielo" or the "Company") is pleased to provide an update on its production levels at its facility in Aldersyde, Alberta ("Facility"). While Cielo's initial goal was to start the Facility slowly after the latest improvements,

October 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Pertamina to Use Honeywell UOP Technologies to Produce Advanced Biofuels in Indonesia

(Honeywell UOP) National Oil Company of Indonesia to open green fuels refinery in Plaju and revamp Cilacap refinery for renewable diesel production  -- Honeywell today announced PT Pertamina (Persero) will use Honeywell UOP technologies to produce advanced biofuels at its Plaju

September 29, 2020 Read Full Article

ExxonMobil’s First Marine Bio Fuel Oil

(ExxonMobil) ExxonMobil Completes Successful Sea Trial of its First Marine Bio Fuel Oil:  Successful sea trial completed with leading tanker shipping company Stena Bulk; Fuel can help deliver carbon dioxide emission reduction benefits to ship operators; Fuel will be available in select

September 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Comparison of Particle Number Emissions from In-Flight Aircraft Fueled with Jet A1, JP-5 and an Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel Blend

by Steven Tran, Anthony Brown and Jason S. Olfert (Energy Fuels) The aviation sector has begun to adopt alternative fuels in an effort to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduce their impact on climate change. While many lab and

June 19, 2020 Read Full Article

Biodiesel vs. Diesel: Everything You Need to Know

(Car and Driver) Are you thinking about switching to a biodiesel-compatible vehicle or running your current diesel car or truck on biodiesel fuel? Continue reading to learn the pros and cons of biodiesel vs. diesel, what's driving the market, and

April 28, 2020 Read Full Article

VTT to Assess Bio- and Waste-Based Oils Suitable for Power Plants and Ships

(VTT)  In a three-year Business Finland BioFlex project, VTT and partners are exploring how suitable fuel oils made from biomass and waste plastics are for power plants and ship diesel engines. The aim is to determine the most ecologically and

April 09, 2020 Read Full Article

How It All Ties Together – LCFS, Biobased Fuel, Zero Emission Vehicles, ICEV Bans: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to The Big 3 Policies for Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Few countries blend ethanol beyond 10% right now but are targets moving? What about biodiesel targets, mostly set below 7% volume in some countries? How about the 18 countries that plan to ban of phase out

April 07, 2020 Read Full Article

How Will Oil Be Affected by the Energy Transition?

by Meghan Gordon (S&P Global Platts) While a future beyond oil remains hard to picture, investors and consumers around the world are demanding more focus on sustainability. Oil companies are responding by writing off long-cycle investments and moving into alternatives. Governments are

March 09, 2020 Read Full Article

2019 Demand in Rotterdam Bunker Port More Sustainable

(Port of Rotterdam)  The demand for LNG, bio and low-sulphur bunkers has increased enormously in Rotterdam over the past year. Total sales in this largest European bunker port fell from 9.5 million m3 to 9 million m3. -- In the last

March 09, 2020 Read Full Article

IMO 2020: A Crisis That Didn’t Happen

by David Blackmon (Forbes) More than a decade in the making, the new IMO 2020 rule mandating lower sulfur emissions from the shipping industry went into effect on January 1, 2020. The new regulations have been the subject of much concern and predictions

March 05, 2020 Read Full Article

Gevo Secures Funding from Queensland Waste to Biofutures (W2B) Fund

(Gevo) Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) has been awarded part of The Queensland Waste to Biofutures (W2B) Fund to support the development of waste to biofutures projects in Queensland, Australia. The W2B fund provides targeted funding for pilot, demonstration or commercially scalable biorefinery

March 03, 2020 Read Full Article
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(FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum 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hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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