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Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

Advanced BioFuels USA

Government Resources

Table of Contents

US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office

Every spring, the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office hosts a 2-day conference and expo exploring biomass as an energy source.   The Bioenergy Technologies Office works with industry, academia and national laboratory partners on a balanced portfolio of research in biomass feedstocks and conversion technologies.

Click here for links to all of the Department of Energy bioenergy conferences: http://www.energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/conferences

Click here to download presentations from Bioenergy 2015

Click here to download presentations from Biomass 2014

Other materials:

Click here for summaries of the workshop discussions and downloadable presentations from Biomass 2013

Click here for summaries of the workshop discussions and downloadable presentations from Biomass 2012 

Click here for summaries of the workshop discussions and downloadable presentations from Biomass 2011.

Click here for summaries of the workshop discussions and downloadable presentations from the Biomass 2010 conference.

Click here for summaries of the workshop discussions and downloadable presentations from the Biomass 2009 conference.

Click here for summaries of the presentations from Biomass 2008 which focused on the role of biofuels in reducing the nation’s addiction to oil.  Presentations from the Biomass 2008 conference.

Some presentations from these conferences have been summarized, available by clicking on the categories: Presentations Biomass 2009 and Presentations Biomass 2010 and Presentations Biomass 2011 along the right margin of each page on this site.

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All Programs in the U.S Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, are required to conduct a Peer Review of their funded projects on an annual or biannual schedule.  The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) conducts these reviews by hosting a series of Project Peer Reviews for each of the technology platforms in the Program.  Information and outputs gathered from these Platform Reviews are then considered in the context of the whole program at a separate Program Peer Review Meeting.

The Peer Review Process helps to ensure that the Biomass Program obtains independent assessments of the current Research and Development portfolio, through a rigorous, transparent, and time-proven process. The information will be useful as the Biomass Program considers future funding and portfolio balance decisions.

Additionally, the Peer Review Meetings provide stakeholders the opportunity to learn about the latest advances in state-of-the-art biomass energy technology developments funded by the Federal government.

The presentations at these reviews provide an indepth, technical view of progress in the various areas funded by this US Department of Energy program and are available online.

Overall Program Peer Review Presentations July 14-15, 2009, Arlington, VA

Integrated Biorefineries March 19, 2009, National Harbor, MD

Infrastructure March 19, 2009, National Harbor, MD

Analysis March 20, 2009, National Harbor, MD

Feedstocks April 8-10, 2009, Washington, DC

Thermochemical Conversion April 14-17, 2009,  Denver, CO

Biochemical Conversion April 14-16, 2009, Denver, CO

2011 Biomass Program Peer Review Meetings Final Meetings June 27-28, 2011 Chrystal City, VA

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SBIR/STTR Phase 0 Grant Application Assistance Program

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has officially launched its first ever SBIR/STTR Phase 0 Assistance Program, aimed at helping eligible small R&D businesses and individuals successfully apply for SBIR/STTR federal funding from the DOE. Since the program is entirely funded by the DOE, these services are available at absolutely no cost to participants.

The goal of this program is to increase the number of responsive, high quality proposals submitted to the Department of Energy within targeted states with historically low SBIR/STTR submissions to the DOE, and amongst women and minority-owned businesses nationally. Dawnbreaker, Inc. will be administering this program on behalf of the Department of Energy.

“Applying for a DOE Phase I SBIR award is no small feat, and many small businesses simply don’t have the manpower to prepare and submit an impactful proposal,” explains Dawnbreaker President Jenny C. Servo, Ph.D. “This program assists these companies with learning the intricacies of the process to ensure a complete and accurate proposal.”

Services provided may include Letter of Intent (LOI) writing assistance, market research, proposal preparation and submission assistance, small business development training and mentoring, and technology advice and consultation, to name a few.

Companies and researchers may apply for services directly by completing a simple online form available atwww.dawnbreaker.com/doephase0/apply.php. Applicants will subsequently be contacted by a representative of the DOE Phase 0 Assistance Program to affirm that they meet the additional criteria specified by the DOE.

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Looking for biomass?  Check out the Biofuels Atlas on the DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory.  Easy to use, just click on the box of the type of energy resource that interests you from specific feedstocks (switchgrass, corn stover, sugar beets, etc.) to energy generation from wind, geothermal, coal, etc.; to oil, nuclear and natural gas resources.

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) originally developed this application for biopower with funding from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Blue Skyways Collaborative. The Department of Energy’s Office of Biomass Program provided funding for biofuels functionality.

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Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions and Eenerty Use in Transportation (GREET) Model:  With support from the Biomass Program, as well as other DOE programs, including the Vehicle Technologies, Fuel Cell Technologies, and Geothermal Technologies programs, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has completed and released a new version of the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) Model. The new model, GREET1_2011 features many new expansions and updates, including new algae pathways to produce biofuels, new pathways for renewable gasoline and diesel production from pyrolysis of cellulosic biomass, and new options to account for energy uses and emissions associated with the construction of petroleum and natural gas wells and coal mines. To learn more about GREET1_2011 and get the free download visit ANL’s GREET website.

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The U.S. Energy Information Administration collects, analyzes, and disseminates independent and impartial energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.  EIA provides a wide range of information and data products covering energy production, stocks, demand, imports, exports, and prices; and prepares analyses and special reports on topics of current interest.   For example, they have a Frequently Asked Questions section to address topics about renewables.

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Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (Bioenergy KDF)

The Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (KDF) is an extensive online collaboration toolkit for information sharing. Researchers and engineers from national laboratories, academia, and private industries are encouraged to register for an account in order to upload files, customize information online, and exchange knowledge with others. In addition, the Bioenergy KDF provides you with a platform to publicize results and connect with consumers in need of information.

You can use KDF tools to perform exploratory analyses such as examining climate model simulations and projected impacts.

Bioenergy KDF provides the latest research data on biomass feedstock production and supply projections that can help identify business opportunities.

Explore the viability of building a biorefinery by examining highway and railroad transportation routes from regional production facilities. Identify counties with the potential for corn stover production greater than 800,000 dry tons per year.

The Bioenergy KDF allows you to ask questions, analyze the data, and utilize the information to identifying business.

Bioenergy KDF provides online access to the latest research data on biomass production and easy-to-use decision support tools.

You can use the Bioenergy KDF to help make policy decisions at a state level by asking questions like: How much corn stover is available in my state and how much is projected in 2022? Which counties in my state produce perennial grasses? How many ethanol biorefineries are under construction and where are they located?

Answers to these questions can help you make informed decisions about aligning renewable energy technologies with strategic policies.

Learn about the ongoing efforts to keep the United States at the forefront of renewable bioenergy technology research and adoption. Use the Bioenergy KDF to explore the data with mapping tools. Explore the role your country or state will play in providing feedstocks to biorefineries. Find locations of all the bioenergy facilities in your state and locate biomass sources such as pulp/paper mills in your area. Explore projections for energy crop resource availability across the nation through 2022.

The Bioenergy KDF provides you with a suite of tools and access to multiple databases that address these topics.  READ MORE

The Bioenergy Technologies Office added to the Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework (Bioenergy KDF) resource: the Legislative Library. Using this database, site visitors can track federal legislation relevant to the production and use of biofuels in the United States. Users can choose from a variety of search filter options—including congressional session, political party, state, chamber, and status—to learn about the work being carried out by specific members and committees to advance the U.S. biofuels industry. The Legislative Library also provides links to full-text versions of the bills and other relevant websites so users can access more in-depth information about the legislators and policies that interest them. Check out the Legislative Library today!   Learn more about what the Bioenergy KDF has to offer by reading the fact sheetPDF

 

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Bioenergy Frequently Asked Questions Available Online   Want to learn more about bioenergy? Visit the DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office’s newest Web page to find answers to some of the most frequently asked questions (FAQs). The Bioenergy FAQs page addresses a variety of topics, including biomass production capabilities and innovative methods to produce bioenergy in the United States.

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The U.S. Department of Energy funds research, development, and demonstration to help develop sustainable, cost-competitive biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. Learn about the DOE Biomass Program, how to use biomass energy and get financial incentives, and access biomass information.   Resources include the Biomass Publication and Product Library. This library will allow you to find publications and products provided by the Biomass Program specifically for our constituents.   Website: www.eere.energy.gov/topics/biomass.html

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Visit the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL’s) updated Biomass Analysis Technologies Web page to learn about laboratory analytical procedures for standard biomass analysis. These procedures help scientists and analysts understand more about the chemical composition of raw biomass feedstocks and process intermediates for conversion to biofuels. Visit the Web page today to see all of the exciting new features, including drop-down lists, easy-to-find calculations, FAQs, videos, and more.

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The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) provides information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decisions makers find ways to reduce petroleum consumption through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuel-saving measures.

The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) is a comprehensive clearinghouse of information about advanced transportation technologies. The AFDC offers transportation decision makers unbiased information, data, and tools related to the deployment of alternative fuels and advanced vehicles.

The AFDC launched in 1991 in response to the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988 and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. It originally served as a repository for alternative fuel performance data. The AFDC has since evolved to offer a broad array of information resources that support efforts to reduce petroleum use in transportation.

The AFDC serves Clean Cities stakeholders, fleets regulated by the Energy Policy Act, businesses, policymakers, government agencies, and the general public.

Project Assistance 

The AFDC is a resource of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Citiesprogram and administered by theNational Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Project assistance is available through Clean Cities, the deployment arm of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Program. Clean Cities works with thousands of stakeholders in communities across the country to reduce petroleum use in transportation.

News and Features 

Find links to alternative transportation news and an archive of features on the AFDC.

Spanish Resources 

Read publications and access tools in Spanish about alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies.

Maps & Data

Tools

 

Bioenergy Research Centers

To focus the most advanced biotechnology-based resources on the biological challenges of biofuel production, the Department of Energy (DOE) established three Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) in September 2007. Each center is pursuing the basic research underlying a range of high-risk, high-return biological solutions for bioenergy applications. Advances resulting from the BRCs will provide the knowledge needed to develop new biobased products, methods, and tools that the emerging biofuel industry can use.

The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) is one of three BRCs established by the Department of Energy Office of Science, and the only one based at an academic institution.

The additional BRCs are the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

All three centers are working collaboratively to develop a new generation of biofuels.

Each center represents a multidisciplinary partnership with expertise spanning the physical and biological sciences, including genomics, microbial and plant biology, analytical chemistry, computational biology and bioinformatics, and engineering. Institutional partners include DOE’s world-class national laboratories, universities, private companies, and nonprofit organizations.

Sun Grant Initiative

The Sun Grant Initiative is a national network of land-grant universities and federally funded laboratories working together to further establish a biobased economy.

These institutes are at the forefront of research and innovation involving bioenergy and biofuels production. They have the history, technology and resources available to lead the nation towards a renewable, sustainable, domestic energy industry.

Sun Grant Centers are also charged with reviving America’s farming communities by placing an emphasis on rural economic development through the production of biobased renewable energy feedstocks.  READ MORE See also Educational Resources:  University/College Programs

Clean Cities Program

Clean Cities strives to advance the nation’s economic, environmental, and energy security by supporting local decisions to adopt practices that contribute to the reduction of petroleum consumption. Clean Cities has a network of approximately 90 volunteer coalitions, which develop public/private partnerships to promote alternative fuels and advanced vehicles, fuel blends, fuel economy, hybrid vehicles, and idle reduction.   Clean Cities is part of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Program.

Download App to locate alternative fuels fueling locations.

A national network of nearly 100 Clean Cities coalitions brings together stakeholders in the public and private sectors to deploy alternative and renewable fuels, idle-reduction measures, fuel economy improvements, and emerging transportation technologies.

The Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (AFDC, formerly known as the Alternative Fuels Data Center) provides a wide range of information and resources to enable the use of alternative fuels (as defined by theEnergy Policy Act of 1992), in addition to other petroleum reduction options such as advanced vehicles, fuel blends, idle reduction, and fuel economy.   This site is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Clean Cities initiative.

To view a state’s incentives and laws related to alternative fuels and advanced vehicles, select a state from the map or menu on this page. For examples of incentives and laws developed on a local level and that apply to cities and counties instead of an entire state, learn about local incentives and laws.   READ MORE

US National Laboratories

All of the National Laboratories have some programs that provide basic scientific research or have other involvement supporting development of advanced biofuels.  The following links connect to key programs in this area at each National Lab.

Argonne National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory

On the National Renewable Enery Laboratory, Golden Colorado, web site, visitors can find a map that plots locations of ethanol plants and alternative fuel stations, including propane, hydrogen, E85 ethanol blends and other alternative fuels.   Link to Map Partial Instructions See the Educational Resources page for other interactive maps.

NREL also teamed with EPA to publish the State Bioenergy Primer, a 104 page book covering everything community leaders need to focus their thoughts on how to incorporate bioenergy into their infrastructure.

NREL’s Biomass Glossary

NREL’s Bioenergy Atlas which consists of two visualization screening tools, the BioPower Atlas and BioFuels Atlas.  These maps allow you to compare and analyze biomass feedstocks, biopower and biofuels data from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Idaho National Laboratory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory staff have developed an interactive Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework which supports efforts to develop a robust and sustainable bioenergy industry. The KDF facilitates informed decision making by providing a means to synthesize, analyze, and visualize vast amounts of information in a relevant and succinct manner.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Sandia National Laboratory

US Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency

Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP)   provides financial assistance to producers or entities that deliver eligible biomass material to designated biomass conversion facilities for use as heat, power, biobased products or biofuels. Initial assistance will be for the collection, harvest, storage and transportation costs associated with the delivery of eligible materials.
  • Producers or entities will be eligible for up to a dollar per dollar match, up to $45 per dry ton, for the value of the biomass that is delivered to a designated biomass conversion facility.
  • For example: if a producer is paid $30 per dry ton for the biomass by the conversion facility the producer would be eligible for a $30 per dry ton payment for the costs associated with collecting, harvesting, transporting and storing the product.
  • Producers will be eligible for up to two years of payments.
This program will benefit producers, the developing biomass industry, the general public and the environment to generate clean and sustainable biomass energy.  Download CRS Report 10 0813
 

US Department of Agriculture Energy Web

USDA Energy Web includes interactive map, graphing analysis tools, and the USDA Energy Matrix. These instruments allow you to view past USDA investments, navigate in a friendly environment USDA energy programs and compare and analyze biofuels and bioenergy data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).   READ MORE

Energy Investments Map 

The Energy Investments Map is an interactive map to help users understand where USDA is providing investment support for renewable and sustainable energy initiatives across the United States. Research what’s going on in your State or County.

USDA Energy Matrix

The Energy Matrix is a Navigational Aide. USDA’s energy related programs are large in scope, and extends among many USDA agencies and mission areas. If you are searching for alternative and affordable energy solutions, funding for projects, available programs and program information, or research and development – we are here to assist you. The Energy Matrix is USDA’s one-stop-shopping matrix serving the public, private businesses and the government.

The Renewable Energy Tool

The Renewable Energy Tool is an interactive tool to help users identify at the National, state, and county level the logistics, environmental linkages, and economic linkages across feedstock production, renewable energy production and renewable energy demand and distribution.

US Department of Agriculture regional bioenergy initiatives (called Coordinated Agricultural Projects)

Advanced Hardwood Biofuels Northwest (AHB) is a consortium of Northwest university and industry partners  led by the University of Washington.  AHB is working to prepare Washington, Oregon, Northern California and Northern Idaho for a sustainable hardwood biofuels industry.

Sustainable Bioproducts Initiative involves a team of university and industry partners led by the LSU AgCenter, studying the regular production of biomass for economically viable conversion to biofuels and bioenergy using existing refinery infrastructure. Through new and existing industrial partnerships, this project will use energy cane and sweet sorghum to help reinvigorate the Louisiana sugar and chemical industries.

CenUSA Bioenergy is an ambitious Iowa State University-based, USDA sponsored, research project investigating the creation of a Midwestern sustainable biofuels system.

The Southeast Partnership for Integrated Biomass Supply Systems (IBSS) demonstrates real-world solutions towards economically and environmentally sustainable production and conversion of biomass-to-biofuel in the southeast United States (SE US). This Partnership is helping to meet the USDA goal of producing almost 50% of the next generation of biofuels in the SE US, while supporting robust and innovative research, education and extension activities.

The Northeast Woody/Warm-season Biomass Consortium (NEWBio) is a regional network of universities, businesses, and governmental organizations dedicated to building robust, scalable, and sustainable value chains for biomass energy in the Northeast (NE). Driven by the broad societal benefits that sustainable bioenergy value chains could provide, NEWBio aims to overcome existing barriers and dramatically increase the sustainable, cost-effective supply of lignocellulosic biomass while reducing net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, enhancing ecosystem services, and building vibrant communities.   Led by Penn State University, NEWBio includes partners from Cornell University, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, West Virginia University, Delaware State University, Ohio State University, Rutgers University, USDA’s Eastern Regional Research Center, and DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Idaho National Laboratory.  Three perennial feedstock production systems will help realize the NEWBio vision: (1) coppice production of willow (Salix sp.), a short rotation woody crop and warm-season grasses, including (2) switchgrass (Panicum virgatums) and (3) miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus).

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US Department of Defense

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), The Defense Department has been directed to explore a wide range of energy alternatives and fuel efficiency efforts in a bid to reduce the military’s reliance on oil to power its aircraft, ground vehicles and non-nuclear ships. The goal of the BioFuels program is to develop an affordable and highly efficient alternative process of converting crop oil to a JP-8 surrogate. The primary technical objective of the BioFuels program is to achieve minimum 60% conversion efficiency, by energy content, of crop oil to JP-8 surrogate and identify development opportunities to achieve 90% efficiency. The cost and availability of the necessary feedstock materials will be considered. The development of conversion process technologies compatible with oils from a broad range of crops, potentially including new crop stocks selected specifically for their oil harvest, is preferred.   The current deliverable is a minimum of 100 liters of JP-8 surrogate to be tested in a suitable DOD test facility. The desired outcome is a JP-surrogate fuel that is suitable for current JP-8 military applications.

Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy

Federal Aviation Administration

The Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions, and Noise (CLEEN) Program  is our principal NextGen environmental effort that will develop and demonstrate new technologies, procedures and sustainable alternative jet fuels.

Under the program, the FAA awarded five-year agreements to Boeing, General Electric, Honeywell, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce. These companies will match or exceed the awards in this cost-sharing program. The total federal investment is expected to be $125 million, making the total expected value of efforts at least $250 million.

The CLEEN companies will participate in a government-industry consortium. The consortium will work to develop technologies that will reduce noise, emissions, and fuel burn to enable the aviation industry to expedite integration of these technologies into current and future aircraft.

Specifically, CLEEN’s goals include developing and demonstrating by 2015: …

  • The extent to which new engine and aircraft technologies may be used to retrofit or re-engine aircraft to decrease aviation’s environmental impact. Wide ranging sustainable aviation jet fuels, including quantification of benefits; and
  • Safety and transition strategies that enable “drop in” replacement for petroleum-derived aviation fuels. Drop-in alternative fuels will require no significant modifications to aircraft and engines and with a goal of performing more efficiently, and cleaner than current fossil-based fuels.

 

Library of Congress

Congressional Research Service Publications

CRS Publications Related to Biofuels, Advanced biofuels, Renewable Fuel Standard

Summary of US government incentives related to biofuels as of September 15, 2010.

American taxpayers spend over $100 million a year to fund the Congressional Research Service, a “think tank” that provides reports to members of Congress on a variety of topics relevant to current political events. Yet, these reports are not made available to the public in a way that they can be easily obtained. Open CRS provides citizens access to CRS Reports that are already in the public domain.

More than 40,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the more than 40,000 articles indexed on this website.

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contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel Cook Islands cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stov corn stover corn supply corn surplus Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D5 (5%DME) D20 (20%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act definitions deforestation defossilization defossilize Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel diesel with renewables digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel direct air capture directed evolution direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol E0 E0 price E2 E3 E4 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E40 pumps E50 E75 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED95 education educational business private educational tour Education Series 3030 efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electricity price electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electroly electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) Environmentalists environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) esg ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylbenzene ethylene ethyl levulinate (EL) ets eucalyptus European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flavors flax Fleets fleet turnover fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service forklifts fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium games gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasificatio gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Gerrmany Ghana ghg GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo gliricidia sepium global warming glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grease Great Green Fleet Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy Green Jobs Greenland Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana gypsum Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawai'i hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras Honge tree nuts Hong Kong horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO20 HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrids Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrocarbon fuels hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogen aircraft hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogenolysis hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps hydrogen terminal hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export India Indiana Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesi Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine internal combustion engine/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA Jamaica Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education kalanchoe Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logist logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg M3 M15 M100 macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona mandate mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/ methane/biomethane methane leaks methani methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microo microorganisms/microbes Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural g natural gas natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherland Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakora North Dakota Northeast Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Noth Dakota Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil ref oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree peaches peach shell peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine needles pine nut Pipeline and Hazardous 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pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement Quebec Quebed Queensland quote of the week r R5 R33 R99/RD99 race radiata pine radish leaves railroad rainforest rain tree ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD3 RD10 RD20 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable d Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price 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investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia rutabaga Rwanda rye Rye grass s saccharification SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower SAF pipeline sago pond weed SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush salt water Sanctions Santa Monica Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver simarouba Singapore Singpore SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solaris solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South K South Korea South Sudan SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka standards start-up State Department steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) subsid succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugarcan sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw Sugar kelp sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname sustain Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland syngas syngas/gas fermentation synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization 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(ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United Nations (UN) Unleaded 88/E15 urbanization urban sprawl Uruguay US Agency for International Development (USAID) USAID US Army usda USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used motor oil used railroad ties US ethanol exports US Geological Survey ustain Utah utility model Uzbekistan value chain vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Venezuela Vermont vetiver Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses vlsfo VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water policy water pollution water 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