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Domestic Next-Gen Feedstocks: Revolutionizing the Bioeconomy (Parts 1 and 2)

by Jennifer Kaplan (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) Imagine a bioeconomy where sustainability is a fundamental prerequisite. While we have made much progress on bioeconomy technology, the challenges of developing verifiably “sustainable” feedstock remains a challenge. The fact remains that to achieve the promise

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Mason City, Iowa Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) The North Iowa Corridor Economic Development Corporation, Ecostrat and the BDO Zone Initiative are pleased to announce the issue of an investment grade BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Mason City, Iowa. Mason City’s BDO Zone rating for 1,400,000 bone dry tons

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BETO Selects 13 Small Businesses to Develop Innovative Bio-Based Products and Biomass Processing Technologies

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced awards for the FY24 Phase I Release 2 of the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program. Across DOE, 229 projects in 39 states received $52 million to pursue clean

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Jen-Zero technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This is a presentation by Dr. Jayant Khambekar of Jenike & Johanson, a technology company specializing in bulk solids flow. It highlights the challenges of feeding high-pressure reactors in the advanced biofuels industry. Specifically, the presentation

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Falls City, Nebraska Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) Mid-America Rail Campus Positioned as Biotech Hub for Innovative Decarbonization Projects -- The Falls City Economic Development and Growth Enterprise, Inc. (EDGE), Ecostrat and the BDO Zone Initiative are pleased to announce the issue of an investment grade BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating

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Corn Stover Could Be Key to a More Climate-Friendly Fuel in Indiana

by  Rebecca Thiele (IBP News/WBAA) ... Jennifer Pett-Ridge researches how to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. She authored Indiana's Roads to Removal report. She said almost every agricultural crop has leftover material that could become

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to BioVeritas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation deck highlights BioVeritas’s innovative approach to producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) using a bio-based process called the BioVeritas Process™. The presentation deck emphasizes BioVeritas’s commitment to unlocking a wide range of feedstocks for SAF

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Cover Crop Valorization for Biofuels and Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Agriculture contributes >9% of US total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nitrous oxide, CO2, and methane from soil management is the biggest GHG contributor. There is a need to reduce the carbon intensity of biomass feedstocks. A

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Single-Pass, Weather Independent Fractionation Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  An estimated 60% of the available corn stover will be collected in excess of 20% moisture resulting in a lack of ability to produce a reliable feedstock with conventional harvest and storage systems. A team of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Optimal Preprocessing and Deconstruction of Corn Stover

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Physical fractionation and characterization of corn stover.  US Department of Energy Peer Review presentation.  READ MORE Related articles Enhancing efficiency in ethanol production from high solid corn stover: Insights into enzymatic hydrolysis parameters and cellulase recovery  (Journal of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Biomass Size Reduction, Drying and Densification

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Low-cost carbon resources (agricultural residues, forest residue, and non recyclable municipal and industrial wastes) exhibit consistent challenges. Inherent physical and chemical variability in feedstocks result in excessive process downtime, and uncontrolled costs with documented failures in the industry

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Process Intensification in the Supply Chain

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A team of researchers have designed a project to utilize post-harvest physiology and chemistry tools during long-term storage and queuing to positively impact downstream processes through reduced chemical and energy input. They aim to enhance anatomical fractionation,

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NewEnergyBlue Acquires Inbicon Biomass Conversion Technology and International Patent Portfolio

(NewEnergyBlue) NewEnergyBlue, the clean-technology designer of biomass refineries that turn agricultural waste into highly decarbonized biofuels and biochemicals, has finalized its purchase of Inbicon biomass-conversion technology from Ørsted, a renewable energy company based in Denmark. NewEnergyBlue’s acquisition extends its scope of

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Blue Biofuels Receives $1.15 Million Department of Energy Phase 2 Grant

(Blue Biofuels)   Blue Biofuels, Inc. (OTCQB: BIOF). Blue Biofuels is thrilled to announce that it has been awarded a Phase 2 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant from the U.S. Department of Energy amounting to $1.15 million. This significant funding will

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Southwest Kansas Set to Fuel the Future of Flight

by Craig Andres, Laura McMillan (KSN.com)  The State of Kansas is taking a leap to be on the cutting edge of sustainable fuels with a new biofuel plant in southwest Kansas. Officials gathered for a groundbreaking at the SAFFiRE plant in Liberal

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Expanding the Feedstock Arsenal

by Katie Schroeder (SAF Magazine) ... According to U.S. DOE’s 2023 Billion-Ton Report, there is up to 1.5 billion tons of biomass available on a  sustainable basis in the U.S. each year, from waste to forest residuals to ag waste. Currently

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Phelps County Selected for DG Fuels’ First Midwest Sustainable Aviation Fuel Plant

by Dan Brown (DG Fuels) Innovative Plant to Transform Agricultural By-products into High-Value Sustainable Aviation Fuel -- DG Fuels, a U.S.-owned sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) company, in cooperation with the Nebraska BioEconomy, has selected Phelps County, Nebraska, for its first Midwest production

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Biofuels Can Power the Biggest Ships: Five Things to Know about Expanding Their Use

by Zia Abdullah  (U.S. Department of Energy)   ... Propelling massive ships around the world requires lots of energy created by burning thousands of gallons of fuel. The industry uses an estimated 2.5 billion barrels of fuel every year—primarily heavy fuel oil made from

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Availability Advantage: Ethanol's Opportunity

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) As the sustainable aviation fuel industry in the U.S. takes shape, it’s becoming clear that an all-of-the-above approach to feedstock and technology will present the best chances of meeting aggressive domestic production goals. But existing

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Verbio Launches Ethanol Production at Its Biorefinery Plant in Nevada, Iowa

(Vergio/PR Newswire) Verbio has commenced the commercial production of corn-based ethanol at its biorefinery facility in Nevada, Iowa. The plant, a subsidiary of Europe`s leading biofuels and bioenergy producer Verbio SE, underwent a thorough commissioning process over the past six months resulting in

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Feedstocks and Agriculture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced in the transition to sustainable, available, reliable, affordable feedsocks. We look at the crops getting traction, new crops developing, the role of residues, new data from the Billion

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Biofuel Crops - U.S. Regions' Best for Aviation

(Farms.com)  Regional bioenergy crops key to aviation fuel plans -- In an impactful study by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, researchers have pinpointed the most suitable bioenergy crops for producing sustainable aviation fuels across the U.S., focusing on economic and environmental sustainability. The

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Chippewa County, Wisconsin Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zones) The Chippewa Economic Development Corporation (CEDC) and Ecostrat are pleased to announce the issue of an investment grade BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for 380,000 bone dry tons per year of Corn Stover for the Chippewa County BDO Zone. The BDO Zone Initiative

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BETO Selects 13 Small Businesses to Develop Innovative Bio-Based Products and Biomass Processing Technologies

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced awards for the FY24 Phase I Release 2 of the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program.  Across DOE, 229 projects in 39 states received $52 million to pursue

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Could Help Clear the Air, Former Kansas Senator Says | Opinion

by Pat Roberts (Wichita Eagle/Americans for Clean Aviation Fuels) ... Unfortunately, SAF represents less than one percent of the current market and costs two to four times more than traditional jet fuel. To tackle this challenge, the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Value and Sustainability through Agriculture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Pacific Ag is North America’s largest harvester and marketer of crop residue, operating the largest harvest fleet globally.In this ABLC presentation from pacific Ag’s Harrison Pettit, the potential of ag residuals when realized globally – improving lives,

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BDO ZoneCONNECT Webinar: Emporia, Kansas and Conecuh County, Alabama

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) On June 27, 2024, Ecostrat Inc., in collaboration with TheDigest, hosted the BDO ZoneCONNECT webinar, highlighting two investment grade BDO Zone communities in North America: Emporia, Kansas, rated ‘BBB’ for Corn Stover, and Conecuh County, Alabama, rated ‘A’ for Woody Biomass.  The

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New Energy Blue and ARCO/Murray Partner to Build Biomass Refineries to Produce Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals

(New Energy Blue) New Energy Blue, the clean-energy developer whose technology converts agricultural waste into lowest-carbon biofuels and biochemicals, and ARCO/Murray, one of America’s largest, most experienced, and fastest-growing construction firms, today announce a partnership to build out the New Energy

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IRS Gives 45Z Registration Guidance: New IRS Guidance Urges Biofuel Producers to Register for 45Z Tax Credit by July

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer) The IRS released guidance on Friday (May 31, 2024) on how to register for the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit, including a list of feedstocks that could qualify for the $1-per-gallon credit. The 45Z credit takes

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Verbio Celebrates Groundbreaking at South Bend Plant, Receives RFS Pathway Approval for Nevada Facility

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Verbio on May 23 celebrated the groundbreaking of a conversion project at its ethanol plant in South Bend, Indiana, that will allow the facility to produce both ethanol and renewable natural gas (RNG) using an

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Fermbox Bio Introduces EN3ZYME: A Global Solution Transforming Agricultural Waste into Renewable Biofuels and Sustainable Synbio Products

(Fermbox Bio/PR Newswire)  Fermbox Bio, a synthetic biology research and manufacturing company, announces the launch of EN3ZYME, a cutting-edge enzyme cocktail designed to enhance both the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transforming pre-treated agri-based residues into fermentable, cellulosic sugars. These sugars pave

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NREL Biomass Technology a Cornerstone of SAFFiRE Renewables Biofuel Pilot Plant Going Up in Kansas

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  On its path to opening a facility designed to turn agriculture residue into a scalable biofuel business, SAFFiRE Renewables, LLC plans to break ground on its pilot plant near Liberal, Kansas, in late 2024. In 2023,

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Region Nine, Minnesota Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) A’ Rating Will Unlock Opportunities for Corn Stover Biomass Utilization -- Region Nine Development Commission and Ecostrat are pleased to announce the issue of the Region Nine BDO Zone. The BDO Zone is the state’s first ‘A’ rating for Corn Stover

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Emporia, Kansas Issued BDO Zone ‘BBB’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) BBB’ Rating to Stimulate Biobased Economic Opportunity -  The Emporia Regional Development Association and Ecostrat are pleased to announce the issue of an investment-grade Bioeconomy Development Opportunity (BDO) Zone ‘BBB’ rating. The Emporia BDO Zone encompasses a 75-mile drive distance from the

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2023 Billion-Ton Report

(U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy KDF) The U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technology Office's (BETO's) 2023 Billion-Ton Report (BT23) is an assessment of renewable carbon resources potentially available in the United States. BT23 explores these resources in terms of quantity, price,

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Southwest Airlines Acquires SAFFiRE Renewables and Strengthens Focus on Sustainability

(Southwest Airlines) Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) announces the acquisition of SAFFiRE Renewables, LLC (SAFFiRE) as part of the investment portfolio of its wholly owned subsidiary Southwest Airlines Renewable Ventures, LLC (SARV). SARV is dedicated to creating more opportunities for Southwest® to obtain

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Cellulosic Biofuels Win for Ground Transportation

by Lauren Quinn (University of Illinois Agri-View) Despite the fervor around electric vehicles and their potential to reduce the transportation sector’s carbon footprint, 2023 projections suggest electric vehicles won’t edge out gas-powered vehicles for decades to come. With conventional vehicles

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Supply Chain Analysis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  To meet its defossilization goals, the US needs cost-effective solutions to provide conversion-ready feedstocks. A team of researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have undertaken a project to look at advanced supply system designs that utilize active

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2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable Carbon Resources

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technology Office's (BETO) 2023 Billion-Ton Report (BT23) is the 4th in a series of assessments of potential biomass resources available in the United States. BT23 explores these resources in

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Preprocessing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A team of researchers is working to develop science-based design and operation principles informed by TEA/LCA that result in predictable, reliable, and scalable performance of preprocessing unit operations. The comminution and fractionation manuals that industry needs

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Cellulosic Biofuels Still a Win for Ground Transportation

by Deborah Gertz Husar (Herald-Whig) ... With conventional vehicles likely to dominate the ground fleet for the foreseeable future, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign experts say cellulosic biofuels shouldn’t be discounted. Researchers in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences and the

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New Energy Blue Forms New Energy Chemicals to Sustainably Produce Bio-Sourced Ethylene for Carbon-Zero Jet Fuel and Dow's Renewable Plastics

(New Energy Blue/PR Newswire)  New Energy Blue, the clean-energy developer of lowest-carbon biofuel and biochemicals from crop residues, today advances its Decarbonizing America agenda by forming New Energy Chemicals. In phase one, the new biochemical subsidiary will produce American-sourced and American-made bio-based

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Research Says Biomass Pretreatment Makes Biofuel Practical

(New Energy and Fuel) A new University of California – Riverside (UCR) study found that introducing a simple, renewable chemical to the pretreatment step can finally make next-generation biofuel production both cost-effective and carbon neutral. The first step, breaking down the plant

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LanzaJet Announces $30 Million Investment from Southwest Airlines to Accelerate Company's Growth and Advance U.S. Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(LanzaJet/PR Newswire)  LanzaJet Plans to Support Southwest Airlines with U.S. SAF Production and with Development of Ethanol from Agriculture Residue with SAFFiRE Renewables -- LanzaJet, Inc. (LanzaJet) a leading sustainable fuels technology company and sustainable fuels producer, today announced a $30 million investment by

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Wisconsin Researchers Investigate Role of Biofuels in Renewable Energy Future

by Annalise Sommer (Badger Herald) Biofuels offer sustainable, economical energy option for Wisconsin communities, farmers -- The Wisconsin Energy Institute is researching methods to convert biological matter into fuel and plastics, with intentions to replace fossil fuels. Biofuels are created using biological material to

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MagLab Collaborates on Sustainable Jet Fuel Research

(National High Magnetic Field Laboratory)  Fuel made from corn harvest waste would reduce greenhouse emissions by 70%. -- Agricultural leftovers could someday help power your air travel. Scientists at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory are helping to study the feasibility of turning

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Mercurius

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Reaching high is something Mercurius is familiar with, especially with their REACH technology. Standing for renewable, acid-hydrolysis, condensation, hydrotreating, their REACH technology works at low temperature, low pressure and enzyme free. Drop-in hydrocarbon jet fuel and

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New Energy Blue Launches Farmer-Owned Business to Supply Clean, Sustainable Feedstock for Its Biomass Refineries

(New Energy Blue/CISION PR Newswire)  New Energy Blue, the clean-tech creator of biomass refineries that turn crop residues such as corn stalks into some of the world's lowest-carbon fuels and chemicals, announces the formation of New Energy Farmers LLC, which

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Biomass to Liquid Fuels: We Need Commercial Scale Gen 2 Success

by Doug Rivers (Lee Enterprise Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... And while advances have been made in the materials handling and pretreatment of these feedstocks, commercial scale attempts produce ethanol have been met with multiple and highly visible failures measured in at least hundreds

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Biofuel Is Good, But Could It Be Great?

by Treena Hein (Seed World) As demand rises for biofuels, plant breeders are working hard to increase biofuel feedstocks’ productivity and biofuel’s sustainability.  -- ... (I)nfrastructure development and plant breeders’ efforts during the past decade have put biofuels on the map in

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Conestoga to Host SAFFiRE Cellulosic Ethanol Pilot Plant

(Saffire Renewables/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Conestoga Energy and SAFFiRE Renewables LLC announced today their agreement for Conestoga to host SAFFiRE’s cellulosic ethanol pilot plant at Conestoga’s Arkalon Energy ethanol facility in Liberal, Kansas. The SAFFiRE pilot project aims to validate and demonstrate

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Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets

(Biofuels Digest/Nuu Media) Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets provides detailed case studies, updates and analysis of the key producers and developers participating in Renewable Diesel projects and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) projects in the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia, and in South

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Preprocessing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A recent DOE project with the Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium aims to develop science-based design and operation principles informed by TEA/LCA that result in predictable, reliable, and scalable performance of preprocessing unit operations.  The investigators aim to develop design

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Material Handling

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A recent DOE project with the Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium analyzed a primary challenge in the design of a biorefinery — — the storage, transport, and reactor feeding of the biomass feedstocks, as material handling/feeding is prone

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Variability

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A recent DOE project with the Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium analyzed the initial distribution of feedstock critical material attributes (CMAs) and strategies to manage this variability. Understanding key sources of biomass variability (e.g., growth conditions, harvest

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Systems Development and Integration – Emerging and Supporting Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) SDI directly supports BETO’s strategic goal to decarbonize the transportation sector through R,D, &D to produce cost-effective, sustainable aviation and other strategic fuels – By 2030, SDI aims to support scale-up of multiple biofuel production pathways

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Systems Development and Integration – Scale-Up Portfolio

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) SDI directly supports BETO’s strategic goal to decarbonize the transportation sector through R,D, &D to produce cost-effective, sustainable aviation and other strategic fuels – By 2030, SDI aims to support scale-up of multiple biofuel production pathways

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the Feedstock Conversion Interface Consortium and Task X

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium is led by DOE as a collaborative effort among researchers from 9 National Labs. The key ideas? 1. Biomass feedstock properties are variable and different from other Commodities. 2. Empirical approaches to

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Sarnia-Lambton, Ontario Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Corn Stover

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) nvestment Grade Rating to Catalyze Regional Biobased Project Development  --  The Sarnia-Lambton Economic Partnership, Bioindustrial Innovation Canada (BIC), and Ecostrat are pleased to announce the issue of an investment grade Bioeconomy Development Opportunity (BDO) Zone rating for corn stover for Sarnia-Lambton. The

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Jeff McDaniel, VP of New Projects at Velocys and Will Thurmond, CEO of Emerging Markets Online Joined REenergize Last Week.

(REenergize) Jeff McDaniel shared updates to Velocys’ commercial reference project, Bayou Fuels, which will produce SAF and naphtha in Natchez, Mississippi. McDaniel said the woody biomass residues, “the parts of the pine plantation that can’t be converted into lumber, that’s what we

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Making Aviation Fuel from Biomass

by Nancy W. Stauffer (MIT Energy Initiative) MIT researchers are converting the plant material lignin into hydrocarbon molecules that could help make jet fuel 100 percent sustainable. ... Aviation fuel is a combination of two large classes of chemical compounds. Some 75 to

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Just Released: New Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium Case Studies and Technical Reports

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium (FCIC) recently published eight new technical reports and case studies. The publications examine the environmental and economic impacts of a variety of feedstock characteristics and processing techniques. Life-Cycle Greenhouse

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Hexas Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Hexas Biomass is a biomaterials company focused on the production and use of sustainable plant-based materials to replace wood and petroleum-based feedstocks in multiple applications, including energy, chemicals, packaging, textiles, and structural/non-structural applications. CEO Wendy

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Renewable Natural Gas From Corn Stover

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer) Failed Cellulosic Ethanol Plant Became North America's Largest RNG Producer -- When DuPont shut down its cellulosic ethanol plant in 2017 after years of effort and $225 million in investment, it looked like the process

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Unlocking the Deployment of Advanced Bioethanol Refineries

by Melich Seefeldt (Praj Industries/Biofuels Digest)  Advanced bioethanol (also named 2G or cellulosic bioethanol from inedible biomass) and its co-products lignin, stillage, and biogenic CO2 are sustainable key tools to decarbonize the difficult-to-abate transport sector. In addition, they can be

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Southwest Airlines Wins Award for Innovation in Sustainability

by Daniela Castim (World Bio Market Insights) Southwest Airlines has been named a 2023 Sustainability, Environmental Achievement, and Leadership (SEAL) Business Awards winner in the Environmental Initiative category for its investment in SAFFiRE1, a pilot project supporting the development and production of SAF. The

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Available Now! BETO 2023 Project Peer Review Presentations

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted the 2023 Project Peer Review on April 3-7, 2023, in Denver, CO.  During this in-person event, more than 280 projects in BETO’s research, development, and demonstration portfolios presented their progress

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Dow and New Energy Blue Announce Collaboration to Develop Renewable Plastic Materials from Corn Residue

(Dow) First-of-its-kind agreement in North America would create bio-based ethylene for Dow's U.S. Gulf Coast assets to produce renewable plastics across fast-growing end-markets  -- Today (May 25, 2023), Dow (NYSE: DOW) and New Energy Blue announced a long-term supply agreement in North America in which

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The Pathways to Biofuels: A Survey of Why We Should Stop Fretting

byMichael Barnard (CleanTechnica) We have enough waste biomass feedstock to fulfill all of our transportation needs, and the market and a bunch of bright people will figure out which ones are cheapest and lowest impact. ... And in this future world of

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Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuel Production: The 2030 Supply Gap

( S&P Global Commodity Insights)Huge market potential for advanced feedstocks to meet the gap in supply needed to meet forecast demand of low CI fuels. Decarbonization efforts worldwide are boosting demand for transportation fuels with a low carbon intensity (CI). The

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From Concept to Commercialization: NREL’s Sustainable Aviation Fuels Program

by Zia Abdullah (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  The National Renewable Energy Laboratory supports the U.S. DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office with fundamental and applied research, development, and deployment (RD&D) designed to advance technologies to produce biobased energy, fuels, chemicals and products

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Steeper Energy Collaborates with Invest Alberta to Bring Biomass Conversion Plant to Alberta

(Steeper Energy)  Steeper Energy (Steeper) is pleased to announce the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Invest Alberta Corporation (Invest Alberta) to commercialize Steeper’s proprietary Hydrofaction® technology within Alberta, aligning with Alberta’s broader goal of becoming Canada’s cleantech leader. Steeper’s Hydrofaction® technology

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Kelly Davis Takes VP Post at New Energy Blue: Staff Expanding to Produce Lowest-Carbon Bioenergy

(New Energy Blue/PR Newswire)  New Energy Blue announced the hiring of bioenergy veteran Kelly Davis as Vice President, a new position. Davis will augment the company's technical, regulatory, and operations expertise as it staffs up to build out a series of clean-tech

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Wastewater to Energy: New Treatment Process Can Improve Biorefinery Sustainability

(Univeristy of Illinois at Urgana-Champaign Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment/EurekAlert!) CABBI design simultaneously treats water and recovers biogas, generating revenue and reducing GHG emissions  -- Wastewater from biorefineries that convert plants into fuel is full of organic materials that cannot

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Off the Ground

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Several alcohol-to-jet projects, partnerships and technologies have been announced in the past 18 months. Ethanol Producer Magazine checks in on each, looking at where they stand and what they might ultimately achieve. ... Multiple airlines forged

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Will Ethanol Fuel a Low-Carbon Future?

by Craig Bettenhausen (Chemical & Engineering News) After decades of false starts, cellulosic ethanol may arrive just as the chemical and fuel industries clamor for a low-carbon feedstock  -- Cellulosic ethanol has been 5 years away for decades. It’s a trope,

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Understanding and Mitigating the Impacts of Feedstock Variability in Bioconversion Processes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium is led by DOE as a collaborative effort among researchers from 9 National Labs. It’s Key Ideas? That biomass feedstock properties are variable and different from other commodities; and, that empirical

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U.S. Department of Energy Awards $118 Million to Accelerate Domestic Biofuel Production

(U.S. Department of Energy) 17 Projects Will Boost Production of Biofuels for Consumer and Freight Transportation in America, Support President Biden’s Decarbonization and Climate Agenda -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $118 million in funding for 17 projects

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Notice of Public Comment Period for the Biofuels and the Environment: Third Triennial Report to Congress External Review Draft Public Comments DEADLINE March 6, 2023

(Environmental Protection Agency/Federal Register)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing the public comment period for the draft document titled, “Biofuels and the Environment: Third Triennial Report to Congress (External Review Draft).” The document was prepared by EPA's Office of

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Balancing Feedstock System Performance and Quality

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) According to the experts at the Idaho National Laboratory, The feedstock challenge lies in the inherent variability of biomass feedstock affects the ability to optimize processing and conversion processes, ultimately decreasing plant economics. So, the

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Naturally Derived Materials Fit for 3D Printing

by Stephanie Seay (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Researchers found that moderate levels of ash — sometimes found as spheres in biomass — do not significantly affect the mechanical properties of biocomposites made up of corn stover, switchgrass and PLA thermoplastic.

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What Can Ethanol Plant Owners Do to Thrive in the Ethanol Business Today?

by Mike Sticklen and Doug Rivers (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) The US ethanol industry is faced with flat volume (Fig. 1) and mediocre returns on capital (Fig. 2).  There are several strategic opportunities available to return to revenue growth and improve

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Clariant Cellulosic Ethanol Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Chemicals, catalysis, additives.Clariant shared how they are working on advancing biofuels globally and here offers extensive detail on their sunliquid technology to decarbonize transportation, now operating at commercial scale in Romania. A fully integrated and

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Biofuel on Road to Energy, Cost Savings

by Beth Burmahl (Argonne National Laboratory) Argonne collaborates with U.S. laboratories on research to identify promising biofuels for different engine types.  -- Biofuel is closer to becoming a cost-competitive, climate-friendly solution for slashing carbon emissions in cars and trucks, according to two new

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As SAF Rules, DG Fuels Rocks with Huge Air France/KLM Fuels Deal

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  News arrived on the ABLC floor that DG Fuels signed a multi-year SAF offtake agreement with Air France KLM for up to 60,408 metric tons (21 million gallons) per year from DGF’s initial plant to be

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Researchers Pilot New Process to Achieve 100% Bio-Based Jet Fuel

by Emma VandenEinde (KUNC) As the airline industry works to cut its carbon dioxide emissions, a team of researchers believe they've found a "runway" to 100% sustainable aviation fuel. Their findings – published this week in the journal Joule – demonstrate harnessing the power of

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Top 10 Best Biofuel Manufacturing Companies In India 2023

(Inventiva) The principal energy sources derived from biomass and food crops like sunflower seeds, palm fruit, Jatropha seeds, rapeseed, soybean, etc. are designated as biofuels. These energy sources have huge promise in a rising country like India. India has an

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Biohydrogen Production from Fermentation of Organic Waste, Storage and Applications

by Hassan El Bari, Nabila Lahboubi, Sanae Habchi, Samir Rachidi, Oussama Bayssi, Nouhaila Nabil, Yasna Mortezaei, Raffaella Villa (Cleaner Waste Systems) • The low rate of BioH2 generation poses challenges to the process. • Both dark fermentation and photo-fermentation have advantages and

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to the Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Whether it is Mixed C6-C5 Corn Stover Hydrolysate Sugars to Produce Butyric Acid with In-situ Product Removal, or Non-Biological Conversion of Mixed C6-C5 Corn Stover Hydrolysate Sugars to Furans (Furfural, HMF), opportunities abound in biobased

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Delta, DG Fuels Partner in Pivotal Expansion of Sustainable Fuel Market

(Delta News Hub) Under a new agreement, DG Fuels, LLC plans to establish a new SAF supply stream that could provide Delta with 385 million gallons of unblended sustainable aviation fuel, while helping to expand availability of SAF in the

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ROBIN Debuts THE CLARIANT CHANNEL

(Biofuels Digest)  Now on ROBIN, up to the minute video and presentations, events and background from Europe's dominant player in 2G ethanol and in many chemicals markets. All content is available on THE CLARIANT CHANNEL, part of your ROBIN streaming

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Not in the Job Description

by Jonathan Sherwood (Sweetwater Energy/Biofuels Digest) When I first interviewed at Sweetwater for the VP of Finance position, I was not asked, “How good are you at shoveling manure?” But, just six months after that interview where I’d sat in a

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Cure or Curse: Can 'Next-Generation' Biofuels Turbocharge the Net Zero Transition?

by Cecilia Keating (Business Green)  ...  But Gordon McManus, research director for refining and oil products team for the Europe, Middle East, Africa region at leading research and consulting business Wood Mackenzie, said the biofuels industry might be poised to "come of age"

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Researchers Enlist Sturdy Yeast to Help Make Cost-Effective Ethanol

(U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service)  Yeasts play a key role in converting ("fermenting") sugars from plants into ethanol fuel. But not all yeasts are created equal. Some are better fermenters than others because they can tolerate the harsh conditions

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ANL: Can Farms Produce to the Max and Still Reduce GHG Emissions?

by Kristen Mally Dean (Argonne National Laboratory/Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... With new practices, farmers can make farms a net sink of CO2, helping the U.S. reach its goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. Sustainable intensification is a two-prong approach many think

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Whatever Happened to Cellulosic Ethanol?

by David Kramer (Physics Today) Technological immaturity, falling oil prices, overoptimistic investors, and regulatory uncertainty are blamed for the failure of a promising biofuel technology to perform as hoped. -- Despite a decade and a half of big US federal investments

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Ag Residues to the Rescue: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to PacificAg

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Agricultural residues are highly abundant especially with all the corn stover and wheat straw out there that farmers have to dispose of after every harvest. But PacificAg has found a way to turn this waste

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Overcoming the Toughest Catalyst Challenges in the Bioeconomy: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to LEC

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Terry Mazanec from Lee Enterprises Consulting takes us on a journey through the toughest catalyst challenges in the bioeconomy and, most importantly, how to overcome them. From feedstock consistency and availability to substrate intransigence and

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Can Farms Produce to the Max and Still Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions?

by Kristen Mally Dean (Argonne National Laboratory) Decarbonizing agriculture is critical for the U.S. to reach net zero emissions by 2050. A new data-driven approach looks at practices that are good for the earth and profitable for farmers. -- The

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Ethanol vs. Petroleum-Based Fuel Carbon Emissions

by Valerie Sarisky-Reed (U.S. Department of Energy) Biofuels have been proven to emit significantly lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than petroleum-based fuels, and recent scientific studies indicate that net-zero emission biofuels are not only possible, but achievable. Corn ethanol and other biofuels are

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The Biofuel Folks Might Like a Word about Your Corn Stover

by Brian O'Connor (No-Till Farmer)  ... A study published in the Journal of Cleaner Production found that harvesting up to 30% of corn stover on a field for use in fuel products could increase revenues for growers and decrease the negative impact on the environment,

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Miller-Meeks, Hinson, Ernst Support New Industry Producing Carbon-Negative Cellulosic Biofuels

(Ripon Advance News Service) U.S. Reps. Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R-IA) and Ashley Hinson (R-IA) joined U.S. Sen. Joni Ernst (R-IA) and their Iowa Republican colleagues in urging the Biden administration to address two ongoing rulemaking processes that could end production of bio-oil,

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Kvasir Technologies Secures EU Funding to Accelerate Biofuel Development

(Biofuels International) Kvasir Technologies - a Danish technology company developing a process to produce climate friendly fuel for the shipping industry – has secured €2.5 million in support from the EU programme EIC accelerator. Kvasir Technologies is a spin-off company from

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FEW Speakers Focus on Carbon, New Market Opportunities

by Tom Bryan and Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Hundreds gathered for the main session of 38th International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo Tuesday in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as some of the biggest names in biofuels spoke at the largest ethanol conference

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Beyond Ethanol: How 3 International Companies Are Finding Success in Iowa

by Mark Laurenzo (Iowa Economic Development Authority/Biofuels Digest)  Iowa has a well-documented history in the ethanol business. We’re the United States’ leader in renewable fuel production with 41 ethanol refineries (capable of producing more than 4.5 billion gallons per year) and

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Inside Charm Industrial’s Big Bet on Corn Stalks for Carbon Removal

by James Temple (MIT Technology Review) The startup used plant matter and bio-oil to sequester thousands of tons of carbon. The question now is how reliable, scalable, and economical this approach will prove. In recent weeks, a crew of staffers from

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Cornstalks Might Power Planes with Low-Carbon Fuel

by John Fialka (E&E News) The Department of Energy and Southwest Airlines are teaming up to test the technologies needed to turn farm waste into jet fuel. A partnership between the Department of Energy, Southwest Airlines Co. and other companies is

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Southwest Airlines Invests in Sustainable Aviation Fuel Pilot Project Supported by the Department of Energy

(Southwest Airlines/PR Newswire) Carrier's first-of-its-kind investment supports the development of technology intended to commercialize sustainable aviation fuel --  Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) ("Southwest" or the "Company") today announces an investment into SAFFiRE Renewables, LLC (SAFFiRE), a company formed by D3MAX, LLC

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Ethanol’s Own SAF Runway

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The world’s major airlines are racing to decarbonize air travel by backing and using sustainable aviation fuel. Much of it is now being produced via plant-based oils in tandem with renewable diesel. Soon, it

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Electric Vehicle: India’s Target to Have 20% Ethanol Blended in Petrol by 2025 Could Affect Its Food Security

by Tanvi Deshpande (IndiaSpend.com/Scroll.in)  Achieving the target won’t drastically reduce emissions nor will India achieve energy security because of it. -- For India to meet its target of 20% ethanol blended in petrol by the year 2025 (commonly known as the

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Verbio Launches $115 Million Renewable Natural Gas, Ethanol Plant in Nevada; Touts Bigger Plans

by Donnelle Eller (Des Moines Register) Calling the technology at a central Iowa biorefinery a game changer, corporate and elected officials marked the start of commercial production of renewable natural gas and ethanol at a $115 million central Iowa biorefinery Friday. "This is a

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The “Green Crude” SAF Alternative: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Alder Fuels

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Alder Fuels’ Chief Technology Officer, Derek Vardon, shared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC highlighting how they are seeing a future of gathering energy instead of drilling for it and how the solution for

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21 Sites at 10K Barrels per Day Each: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s Friday and you’re ready for the weekend so here’s a short and sweet slide guide from DG Fuels on their second-generation cellulosic biofuel whose hydrogen content is derived from water electrolysis and uses a

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Why These Fleets Use Renewable Diesel Fuel

by Ronnie Wendt (Heavy Duty Trucking Info)  Titan Freight Systems, a regional less-than-truckload carrier in the Pacific Northwest, found renewable diesel was the key to meeting its emissions goals. -- Titan Freight Systems has provided overnight services across the Pacific Northwest

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In Search of a Later Biomass Expiration Date

by Nichole Fitzgerald (U.S. Department of Energy) How Idaho National Laboratory's Dr. Lynn Wendt has come to understand and mitigate the detrimental impacts of biomass decay after harvest.  --  Renewable biomass is one of the key clean energy resources that will

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Scientists Are Creating Homegrown Biofuels in the Peoria Ag Lab

by Jonathan Wright  (WCBU) ... Butanol production is among the world’s oldest commercial fermentation processes, discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1861. Between the first and second World Wars, there were two bio-butanol plants in the United States—and the largest was right here

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Near Net Zero 2G Ethanol and Cellulosic Sugar: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How does Praj do simultaneous production of 2G ethanol and RNG from bagasse? What made the 3 cellulosic ethanol for Oil Marketing Cosin India successful? Where do Praj’s Celluniti and enfinity platforms fit in for

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Outstanding Faculty in Discovery: Kilaz Aims for Sustainably Fueled Future

by John O'Malley (Purdue University) Gozdem Kilaz, associate professor of engineering technology, has been recognized for her contributions to the research mission in Purdue University’s Polytechnic Institute. In May 2021, Kilaz received the college’s Outstanding Faculty in Discovery Award. Kilaz holds bachelor’s

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Ethanol Leader Anticipates Industry Will Use More Corn and Stalks

by Larry Lee (Brownfield Ag News)  ... And Davis (Kelly Davis with the Renewable Fuels Association) says she also looks forward to cost-effectively using more of the corn plant. “Second-generation ethanol is certainly possible. We certainly take the top half

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Sorghum: A Sweet Proposition for Sustainable Biofuel

(U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service)  Sweet sorghum is best known for the amber-colored syrup that's made from its juices. Now, this hardy member of the grass family could also be tapped as a "home-grown" resource for making a renewable

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Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2

by Will Thurmond (Emerging Markets) Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2. (249 pages, September 2021) provides a detailed analysis and outlook for low-carbon feedstock availability, and a feasibility assessment for technology commercialization pathways in sustainable aviation fuels

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Microsoft and Shell Are Betting on a Company Making Greener Jet Fuel

by Catherine Clifford (CNBC) • Chicago-based start-up LanzaJet is scaling one potential solution for the airline industry: jet fuel made with low carbon intensity ethanol.  • The aviation sector causes 11% of transportation-related emissions in the United States, and virtually

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Top 10 Predictions for the Advanced Bioeconomy in 2022

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we sail into 2022? Not the good ship Digest! Instead, we dust off our crystal ball and offer our predictions for the year ahead. As the sunset of 2021 gives

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INL Researchers Investigate Loblolly Pine Flow Issues

by Lynn Wendt (Idaho National Laboratory) ... Loblolly pine, or more specifically the pine residue from commercial tree harvesting in Southern U.S. forests, has the potential for a major impact on bioenergy infrastructure. Its low cost and widespread abundance have

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Verbio Commences Operations at Iowa Biorefinery

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Verbio announced on Dec. 8 it has commenced production of renewable natural gas (RNG) at its biorefinery in Nevada, Iowa. The company acquired the former cellulosic ethanol plant from DuPont in 2018. The facility is producing

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Construction to Start in 2022 on New Ethanol Plant near Mason City

by Mike Bunge (KIMT3) A new ethanol plant is planned for construction near Mason City.  New Energy Blue says the biomass refinery would be on a 155-acre site and convert 275,000 tons of cornstalks and wheat straw into 20 million gallons of ethanol

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Decarbonizing Transport with Cellulosic Ethanol: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Clariant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If you missed the ABLC presentation by Andreas Reindl, Clariant’s Business Line Biofuels & Derivatives, Head of Industrial Enzymes and Technologies, then you won’t want to miss this one! It’s all about sunliquid, Clariant’s cellulosic

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Plant-Based Waste and Residues into Biofuel – Geeking out over Lignocellulose

by Richard Pallardy (Neste) Plant biomass, or lignocellulose, is the most abundant renewable carbon source on the planet. It has been around forever, but only now are we starting to grasp its full potential in replacing fossil resources. What makes

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NREL Process for Renewable Butyric Acid Good for Environment, Cheaper Biofuels

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed a fully integrated process to produce a promising precursor for diesel and jet fuel from lignocellulosic biomass, and for less expense than the selling price of the same

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Low Carbon Options for Corn Pathways: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO Conversion R&D

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Program Manager of Conversion R&D at BETO shared this illuminating slide guide on the role of products and Gen1 ethanol. From co-products’ impact on economics and biochemical pathways TEA and sustainability analysis to low-carbon options

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Ethanol, Biogas, Renewable Chemicals: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Dr. Pramod Kumbhar, President and CTO of Praj shared this illuminating slide guide on their Bio-Prism renewable chemicals and materials, Bio-Mobility products, Praj’s 2G tech for agri residue to ethanol, Praj-Sekab tech for forest residue

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Grand Forks Company D3MAX and the Ethanol Industry Could Help Corn Become the Future of Aviation Fuel

by Jacob Holley  (Grand Forks Herald) D3MAX creates cellulosic ethanol using “bolt-on” technology - more or less meaning it is a one-size-fits-most process which, according to the company, can be implemented at approximately 190 corn dry mill ethanol plants in the

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DG Fuels: The Unusual Suspects Are Building Big in Louisiana, as SAFtember Continues

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... But, an unusual suspect became more visible earlier this month when word arrived that DG Fuels was invited to submit a Part II Application for a loan guarantee under the U.S. Department of Energy

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DOE Announces Nearly $65 Million for Biofuels Research to Reduce Airplane and Ship Emissions

(U.S. Department of Energy) Projects align with administration's new goal of decarbonizing the aviation sector by 2050 - -  As part of a White House roundtable to launch the Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) Grand Challenge to decarbonize the aviation sector by 2050, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $64.7 million in funding for projects

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Auburn-Led Research Team Develops Biochemical Breakthrough for Renewable Fatty Acid Ester Production

by Jeremy Henderson (Auburn University)  On-going, Auburn-led research into biofuel and biochemical production just got a lot more eyes on it. Supported by a $2 million U.S. Department of Energy award issued in 2018, as well as funding from the

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Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2

(Emerging Markets Online)  New study! Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2. (249 pages, August 2021) focuses on low-carbon feedstock availability, technology pathways for low carbon renewable diesel, and sustainable aviation production. Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) 2030  covers

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A Cue from Kitty Hawk: What the Wright Brothers Teach Us about Decarbonizing Flight

by Adam Bratis (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) ... I recount that moment at Kitty Hawk because I believe we stand at another pivot in the rich history of aviation. To avoid the worst effects of climate change, we must rapidly

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Recent Innovations in Turning Agricultural Waste into Biofuels

by Raj Shah and Amanda Loo (altenergymag.com/Koehler Instrument Company)  Wastes from fields and wastes from processing are the two kinds of agricultural wastes. Field wastes are present after harvesting crops and include stems, leaves, and stalks, and waste after processing

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Biofuels, RNG, SAF, Renewable Chem: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  You may know Praj as a biofuels company but this slide guide from ABLC Digital highlights their growth and expansion into more. Check out Praj’s 2G tech enfinity, Bio-Mobility, Bio-Prism, ethanol projects updates, renewable natural

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Construction to Start in 2022 on New Ethanol Plant near Mason City

by Mike Bunge (KIMT) New Energy Blue says the biomass refinery would be on a 155-acre site and convert 275,000 tons of cornstalks and wheat straw into 20 million gallons of ethanol and 95 tons of lignin, a solid biofuel and natural

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Frontline BioEnergy Delivers Plant Modules to Stine Seed Farms in Joint Pyrolysis Project

(Frontline Bioenergy)  On June 8th, Frontline BioEnergy delivered the final module of the Stine pyrolysis plant to the project site in Redfield, Iowa. The Stine pyrolysis project, a collaboration between Stine Seed Farms and Frontline BioEnergy, will transform biomass into biochar

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Renewable Butyl Acetate for Diesel: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Butyl Acetate as Bioblendstock

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Does renewable butyl acetate make a good fuel additive? Can it be used as a bioblendstock for diesel to decrease combustion pollutants and lower the sooting propensity of a BA/diesel-based mixture? Can it’s low freezing

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Advanced Biofuels Feedstock List Should Be Enlarged to Meet EU Target: Industry

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com) The list of EU-approved sustainable fuel sources should be expanded to meet the higher targets for second-generation biofuels under the updated renewable energy directive, according to the advanced biofuels industry. ... The leaked draft also includes an increase

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A Tweaked Yeast Can Make Ethanol from Cornstalks and a Harvest’s Other Leftovers

by Nikk Ogasa (Science News)  The process could tap underused sources of renewable fuels  --  ... But by tweaking a gene in common baker’s yeast, researchers have engineered a strain that can defuse those deadly by-products and get on with the

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‘Plugging in’ to Produce Environmentally Friendly Bioplastics

(AgriLife Today)  Agriculture byproducts can help produce eco-friendly, biodegradable plastics -- Bioplastics — biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum — can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble,

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Engineered Yeast Could Expand Biofuels' Reach

by Anne Trafton (Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Phys.Org) To try to expand biofuels' potential impact, a team of MIT engineers has now found a way to expand the use of a wider range of nonfood feedstocks to produce such fuels. At the

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Higher-Value Bioproducts from Lignins: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Lignin Fractionation and Valorization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Lignin 20-30% of plant/wood biomass is the key to a successful biorefinery that would make both biofuels and bioproducts said Mark Thies from Clemson University in this BETO Peer Review slide guide that dives into

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RFS: Can the Oil, Corn, and Biofuels Industries Find Middle Ground?

by Lisa Whitley Coleman (EHS Daily Advisor) The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) ends its current phase in 2022. The EPA has asked the oil, corn, and biofuels industries for input on the next phase of the biofuel policy, according to Reuters. ... “The

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Unveiling Signatures of Feedstock Variability --- April 29, 2021 --- ONLINE

In this webinar, two FCIC (Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium) researchers will discuss insights gleaned through multiscale characterization on sources of variability, compositional, and structural attributes that impact the biomass value chain. Drs. Allison Ray from Idaho National Laboratory and Bryon Donohoe from

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Adhesives from Waste Wood, Biofuel from Straw

(ChemEurope)  EU research project on the potential of agroforestry waste as environmentally friendly raw materials completed  -- In future, waste from agriculture and forestry could serve as the basis for environmentally friendly building materials, insulation foams or fuels. Over the past

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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