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BIOGEST Announces Strategic Partnership with Local Power to Accelerate Biomethane Development in Ireland

(BIOGEST) Curragh Biogas becomes its first ready-to-build project; BIOGEST brings proven PowerRing technology and expertise to the Irish market; Collaboration strengthens Ireland’s emerging biomethane sector by combining local development with global technological experience BIOGEST and Local Power announce a strategic partnership aimed at accelerating the

March 23, 2026 Read Full Article

From Forage to Fertilizer: Iowa Farmers Turn Cover Crops into a Profit Engine

by Rhonda Brooks (AgWeb) The Smith family captures value from cover crops twice—first as high-quality cattle feed and then as biological fuel for no-till corn and soybeans. --  Where the borders of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois converge above the Mississippi River, Jack

March 16, 2026 Read Full Article

Saaremaa Shipyard Building Biofuel-Electric Vessel for Estonian State Fleet

by Margus Muld (ERR.EE)  Baltic Workboats' Saaremaa shipyard is building a 38-meter vessel for Estonia's state fleet that will run on biofuel and electricity, due next spring. The steel hull arrived from Poland this week. Once completed, the workboat will be used for waterway

September 26, 2025 Read Full Article

Groundbreaking Ceremony for EnviTec Biogas Flagship Project in Sweden

(EnviTec Biogas) Up to 70 GWh of Bio-LNG per Year for Greener Heavy-Duty Transport -- Lohne/Saerbeck – With the official groundbreaking ceremony, Biogas Västra Skaraborg AB (BVS) has launched the construction phase of its first combined biogas and gas upgrading plant in

September 26, 2025 Read Full Article

Sarawak Eyes Hydrogen Fuel from Cow Waste

by Vivek Waghmode (Bio Energy Times) Sarawak is exploring an unconventional but promising new source of clean energy — cow waste — as part of its broader push for environmental sustainability and circular economy initiatives, reported Sarawak Tribune. Premier Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri

July 31, 2025 Read Full Article

China New Energy Group Company Signs Agreement to Commercialize Syngas bioEnergy Technology to Address Energy Security for Farmers and Ranchers

(China New Energy Group/New Media Wire/Yahoo!)  Strategic Partnership Brings Modular, Carbon-negative Power to Agriculture and Ranching - Starting in the California Central Valley  --  China New Energy Group Company (OTC: CNER), a publicly traded clean energy infrastructure and finance company, today announced that

April 24, 2025 Read Full Article

Guest Article: The EUDR Is an Opportunity to Progress Data Standards in Agriculture

by Davide Ceper (Varda/Ag Funder News)  ... As the European Union (EU) continues to advance its legislative framework, businesses operating within its borders must stay agile and prepared for new regulatory demands. One of the most significant developments on the horizon

September 13, 2024 Read Full Article

Iowa Farmers Learn about Anaerobic Digestion at Conference Presentations Available

(Solutions from the Land)  Farmers looking to add economic and environmental value to their operations may find an ally in anaerobic digestion.  This week, Nov. 6-8, the University of Iowa, Iowa State University and EPA Region 7 came together to co-host the Anaerobic

November 09, 2023 Read Full Article

Fuelled by the Farm! Waitrose Is the First Retailer to Power Its Tractors by Cow Manure

(John Lewis Partnership/Waitrose)  • Waitrose & Partners becomes the first UK retailer to use green gas* to power tractors on their own farm at Leckford The use of biomethane gas will reduce Leckford Estate’s carbon footprint by up to 1,300 tonnes a

October 10, 2023 Read Full Article

Turkey Plans to Bolster Biogas Production

(Bioenergy Insight) Turkey's Agriculture and Forestry Ministry is working on projects aimed at utilising geothermal energy resources, particularly in urban agriculture, while officials are looking into ways to boost biomass production in rural areas, according to Daily News. ... Meanwhile, Turkey's Agriculture Ministry

May 04, 2023 Read Full Article

BioTown Biogas Activates Digester, Processing Facility in Indiana

(BioTown BioGas/Biomass Magazine)  BioTown Biogas (BTB), a leading renewable energy producer in the waste-to-value energy market, is today activating its new digester and processing facility, one of the largest on-farm biodigesters in the world. The activation is being marked by an

March 28, 2023 Read Full Article

MOL and Air Water Collaborate on Japan’s First Project of Bio-LNG as Marine Fuel

(MOL/Air Water/Alt Fuels) Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL) and Air Water Inc. announced the signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to jointly study the trial use of bio-LNG derived from cattle manure, in LNG-powered vessels. This joint study will be conducted

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Biogas Poised to Seize RFS Potential -- While Environmentalists Push to Kill RFS e-RINS Proposal, Biogas Industry Ready to Grow

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  ...  During a recent public hearing, environmentalists expressed concern the new program would lead to a proliferation of new confined animal feeding operations, or CAFOs, as more farmers try to capture the potential value of

February 02, 2023 Read Full Article

Galileo Delivers Additional Microbox for Biomethane Production in Wisconsin

(Galileo Technologies/AltFuels) Liberty RNG once again relies on Galileo Technologies to produce renewable natural gas, and has incorporated a new Microbox-Bio to increase integrated biomethane production. This unit will join the two that the company has operating in Wisconsin. The company’s two Microbox-Bio

January 06, 2023 Read Full Article

Tidewater Renewables Ltd. Enters into 20-Year Renewable Natural Gas Offtake Agreement with FortisBC

(Tidewater Renewables/CISION)  Tidewater Renewables Ltd. ("Tidewater Renewables" or the "Corporation") (TSX: LCFS) is pleased to announce that its majority owned subsidiary Rimrock Renewables Limited Partnership ("Rimrock") has entered into a 20-year offtake agreement (the "Offtake Agreement") with FortisBC Energy Inc. ("FortisBC"). Under

October 18, 2022 Read Full Article

Reganosa, Repsol, Naturgy, Impulsa Galicia Lead Project to Turn Waste into Biomethane

(Reganosa/AltFuels) Reganosa, Repsol and Naturgy are collaborating with Impulsa Galicia to develop the circular economy with a project that would transform surplus livestock manure and other waste on a large scale into biomethane, organic fertilizers and CO2 neutral of biological origin.

October 06, 2022 Read Full Article

Indian Government to Tackle Stray Cattle Problem with Shelters and Sanctuaries to Biogas

by Daniela Castim (Bio Market Insights)  In Uttar Padresh, India, Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is set to present a plan to tackle the stray cattle problem. The plan includes providing shelters within 100 days to accommodate up to 50,000 stray cattle,

May 04, 2022 Read Full Article

America Has a Manure Problem, and the Miracle Solution Being Touted Isn’t All that It Seems

(The Guardian)  ... Manure from animal agriculture is a primary source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in US waterways, making water undrinkable and causing algae blooms that kill wildlife. Manure is also a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions on livestock farms

January 21, 2022 Read Full Article

IFUS Cattle Turning Bagasse Trash Into a Cash Cow

by Michael Sheikh (Falcon Strategic Research/Biofuels Digest) ... It’s a cattle feed and supplement that, when used properly, can substantially lower the ammonia and methane emissions from cattle while increasing productive protein weight gain and it improves healthy milk production

December 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Biogas Project in Indiana to Produce Net Zero Emission Fuel for Truck Fleets

(OPAL Fuels)  OPAL Fuels LLC announced an investment in Bio Town Biogas, one of the most environmentally-friendly renewable natural gas production facilities in the United States. The centerpiece of the project will be a large-scale dairy digester that will produce about

August 05, 2021 Read Full Article

Anaerobic Digestion: An Economic & Environmental Benefit for Farm and Ranch Livestock Operations

by Bill Hagy (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) How can one determine if an anaerobic digester will provide a value-added economic opportunity as well as an environmental solution for my livestock operation? There are several factors to consider: Size of the farm or

May 20, 2021 Read Full Article

AgSTAR Updates Livestock Anaerobic Digester Database

(BioCycle Magazine) The U.S. EPA’s AgSTAR program updates its online database of livestock anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities twice a year. Its latest update was in March 2021. In addition to details on AD facilities, AgSTAR also summarizes associated data and trends,

April 21, 2021 Read Full Article

New Animal Feeds for New York Farmers

(Specialist Nutrition) What does Specialist Nutrition do?  Specialist Nutrition is an Irish company that handles byproducts, primarily from the drinks industry. We manage the spent grain byproducts from the brewing and distilling industry in Ireland and sell these high-protein byproducts as a

December 27, 2019 Read Full Article

USGC: Feeding Trials in Southeast Mexico Expand US DDGS Use

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Utilizing Market Access Program and Agricultural Trade Program funds, the U.S. Grains Council’s Mexico office has invested in marketing U.S. distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) through strategic feeding trials in southeast Mexico. In 2018, five trials

August 06, 2019 Read Full Article

A 'Golden Triangle': In Nebraska, Ethanol, Cattle and Agriculture Are Intertwined, with Major Impacts on the State's Economy.

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  It’s fitting that the Cornhusker State should be an important player in the nation’s ethanol industry. Second only to Iowa in production, Nebraska’s ethanol industry has a big impact on the state’s economy.  In addition to

August 06, 2019 Read Full Article

DNA Study of Cow Stomachs Could Aid Meat and Dairy Production

(The Roslin Institute)  Meat and milk production from cattle could one day be boosted, thanks to analysis of microbes in cows’ stomachs.  --  Beef and dairy cattle, and other milk-producing ruminants, provide food and nutrition to billions of people worldwide. Understanding how

March 12, 2018 Read Full Article

Busting the Mythology of Food vs. Fuel

by Jeff Rice (Journal-Advocate) Making ethanol doesn't rob the hungry of needed nutrition ...  Ethanol has long been recognized as an additive to increase octane and help internal combustion engines burn cleaner. Until 2005, the chief oxygenation additive was primarily methyl

November 30, 2016 Read Full Article

#ExEx16 Panel on Global DDGS Utilization

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  A panel of U.S. Grains Council consultants traded international perspectives on the utilization of the ethanol co-product distillers dried grains (DDGS) in various countries during Export Exchange 2016. ...  The group discussed the challenges and opportunities

November 07, 2016 Read Full Article

MSU Awarded Grant to Research Biofuel, Carbon Capture Technologies for Upper Missouri River Basin

by Evelyn Boswell  (Montana State University)  A regional interdisciplinary team led by Montana State University has received $6 million to develop new innovations at the intersection of food, energy and water systems while training the next generation of scientists. The four-year

November 04, 2016 Read Full Article

Fungi from Goats' Guts Could Lead to Better Biofuels

by Matt McGrath (BBC)  The legendary abilities of goats and sheep to digest a wide range of inedible materials could help scientists produce cheaper biofuels. Researchers say fungi from the stomachs of these animals produce flexible enzymes that can break down

February 22, 2016 Read Full Article

New RSB Standard Proposed to Certify Low-Risk ILUC Biomass

by  Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  It may soon be possible to certify that biomass is not only sustainably sourced, but also considered low-risk for indirect land use change (ILUC). The Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials released its draft standard

May 04, 2015 Read Full Article

Global Farmers Learn Value of Ethanol

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  Each year during World Food Prize week, the Truth About Trade and Technology Global Farmer Roundtable brings farmers from all over the world to visit Couser Cattle Company in Nevada, Iowa. Owner Bill Couser not only produces cattle, he also

October 21, 2013 Read Full Article

New Early Career Awards Support Biofuels Research

by Jill Sakai and Renee Meiller (University of Wisconsin-Madison)  A young generation of researchers are seeking biofuels in some unlikely sounding places: toxic algae blooms and cow stomachs. Two University of Wisconsin-Madison professors are drawing on these robust yet simple natural

June 04, 2012 Read Full Article

Texas AgriLife Feeding Algae to Steers

by Blair Fannin (Texas AgriLife Research/Algae Industry Magazine)  Texas AgriLife Research scientist, Dr. Tryon Wickersham, and graduate student, Merritt Drewery, have been conducting feeding trials of algae leftover products (after oil extraction, in powdered form) on Angus steers. Two of

May 30, 2012 Read Full Article

Scientists Look to Milk Potential of Cows' Stomachs for Biofuels

(News.stv.tv) Researchers hope that the animals' ability to break down trees and plant material can be harnessed to create renewable fuels. Scottish scientists are hoping to harness the power of cow's stomachs to create a new range of biofuels. Researchers in Aberdeen

July 29, 2011 Read Full Article

No Eureka Moments in Long U.S. Campaign to Crack Cellulosic Code

by Paul Voosen (New York Times/Greenwire)  ...For eons, plants have locked the sun's energy into complex strands of sugar, used to build their stems and leaves. These chains are far different from table sugar or grain starch; they cling together,

July 14, 2011 Read Full Article
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cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable 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military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration 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Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical 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