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Commission Approves €3 billion German-Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support the Production of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €3 billion German-Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs), including renewable hydrogen, throughout the world. These RFNBOs will be imported and sold

December 20, 2024 Read Full Article

Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid to Support Concrete Chemicals in Production of Synthetic Aviation Fuels

(European Commission)  The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German measure to support Concrete Chemicals GmbH in the production of synthetic aviation fuels. The measure will contribute to the achievement of the European Green Deal and the ReFuelEU

December 19, 2024 Read Full Article

Prime Capital Acquires RES Hydrogen Project in Sweden, Develops Plans for eSAF Production

(RES/Biobased Diesel Daily)  RES, the world’s largest independent company in renewable energy, announced Dec. 3 that it has signed a sales agreement with the independent asset manager and financial-service provider Prime Capital AG for the Alby hydrogen plant project in Ånge,

December 10, 2024 Read Full Article

Topsoe Secures 4 Major Low-Carbon Technology Deals in a Week

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) Topsoe, a global leader in carbon emission reduction technologies, announced the signing of four major low-carbon energy-technology deals between late November and early December. Green ammonia On Nov. 26, Topsoe said it has signed an agreement with

December 10, 2024 Read Full Article

EU Invests EUR 4.8B of ETS Revenues in 85 Projects

(Bioenergy International)  The European Commission has selected 85 innovative net-zero projects to receive EUR 4.8 billion in grants from the Innovation Fund, helping to put cutting-edge clean technologies into action across Europe. The 2023 call for proposals of the Innovation Fund attracted

November 16, 2024 Read Full Article

Neste to Re-evaluate Its Renewable Hydrogen Plan and Withdraw from Investing into a 120 MW Electrolyzer at the Porvoo Refinery

(Neste)  Neste has decided to withdraw from investing into a 120 MW electrolyzer project to produce renewable hydrogen at its Porvoo refinery in Finland. The decision follows the completion of the basic engineering phase, which commenced in May 2023.  The reasons behind

October 25, 2024 Read Full Article

How Integrating SAF into Aviation Fuel Supply Chains Requires Collaboration between Stakeholders

by Paige Smith (Business Airport International) The business aviation sector has long been committed to reducing it’s carbon footprint, and sustainable aviation fuel represents a significant breakthrough the industry’s efforts. However, the transition to biofuels is complex, requiring advancements in technology,

September 25, 2024 Read Full Article

Commission Approves €998 Million Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €998 million Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen. The measure aims to contribute to the development of renewable hydrogen in line with the objectives of

August 02, 2024 Read Full Article

Study Finds Health Risks in Switching Ships from Diesel to Ammonia Fuel

by Adam Zewe (MIT News)  Ammonia could be a nearly carbon-free maritime fuel, but without new emissions regulations, its impact on air quality could significantly impact human health.  --  One potential solution is switching the global fleet from fossil fuels to sustainable

July 18, 2024 Read Full Article

Denmark Approves Certification Scheme for PtX Producers

by Patrick Jowett (PV Magazine)  The Danish Energy Agency says its new certification scheme is a “short-term transitional solution” to launch Power-to-X (PtX) projects this year. It will eventually be replaced with the European Commission’s certification system. The Danish Energy Agency has

July 15, 2024 Read Full Article

A New Catalyst Can “Recycle” Carbon Dioxide into Useful Chemicals

(University of Chicago) Research by Argonne, University of Chicago scientists aims to turn CO2 into resource -- Carbon dioxide is leaking from industrial operations into the atmosphere, causing a cascade of dangerous changes to Earth’s climate. But some scientists wondered if

July 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Decarbonizing the Aviation Sector: Global Bioenergies Extends Its Technological Process to the Production of e-SAF

(Global Bioenergies) a unique e-SAF with a record selectivity rate of 95% compared to existing technologies; a complementary approach to ASTM-certified SAF technology, substituting a plant-based resource for a synthetic resource  --  Global Bioenergies announced today that it has adapted its process for

July 11, 2024 Read Full Article

Power-to-X: A New Pathway for SAF

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo* (Advanced Biofuels USA) In the third Webinar, the theme was one of the most promising alternatives for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, not only for civil aviation but in different areas: Power-to-X (PT-X) technology. Before the

June 13, 2024 Read Full Article

Yara Clean Ammonia and AM Green (earlier Greenko ZeroC) Sign Term Sheet for Sale of Renewable Ammonia from India to Yara Clean Ammonia’s Global Market

(Yara) Yara Clean Ammonia, the world’s largest trader and distributor of ammonia, and Greenko ZeroC, the green ammonia production arm of the India-based AM Green, signed a term sheet for supply of renewable ammonia from Phase 1 of AM Green’s ammonia

May 16, 2024 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Meeting SAF Demand with Ethanol-to-Jet Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  To achieve net zero by 2050, SAF production needs to increase quickly and substantially, says Omar Hamid, Group Manager, Low Carbon Fuels at Worley Consulting in presenting these slides at ABLC 2024 on technology transition. He

May 13, 2024 Read Full Article

Carbon Clean Achieves Fabrication Milestone on FlagshipONE with the Project’s First Carbon Capture Unit Module

(Carbon Clean)  Carbon Clean, a leader in revolutionising carbon capture solutions, has achieved a fabrication milestone on Ørsted’s FlagshipONE project, Europe’s largest commercial-scale eMethanol facility under construction. The first equipment has been mounted on the structural steel of the first module,

May 06, 2024 Read Full Article

The Case for E-fuels Use in Aviation

by Pete Rocha (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) The aviation industry produces 2-3% of all CO2 emissions globally. This percentage will likely grow over time as the developing world becomes richer and the demand for air transportation increases. In the graphic below, we

May 06, 2024 Read Full Article

European Hydrogen Bank Pilot Auction Results

(European Commission)The first EU-wide auction (IF23 Auction) for the production of RFNBO (renewable fuel of non-biological origin) hydrogen was launched on 23 November 2023 and closed on 8 February 2024. The auction attracted 132 projects bids from 17 European countries You

May 02, 2024 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Futuria Fuels and DME

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Dimethyl-ether is a single molecule that can be produced from a wide range of renewable feedstocks. It can be blended with LPG and used in existing applications. It is chemically similar to propane and butane, and

April 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen through the European Hydrogen Bank's “Auctions-as-a-Service” tool. The German measure is in line notably with the objectives of the REPowerEU Plan and

April 12, 2024 Read Full Article

Norsk e-Fuel and Carbon Centric Sign Supply and Distribution Agreement for Biogenic and Liquid CO2

(Norsk e-Fuel) Norsk e-Fuel and Carbon Centric have entered into a landmark agreement for CO2 Supply and Distribution, where Carbon Centric will be responsible for the production and delivery of CO2 to Norsk e-Fuel's Alpha plant in Mosjøen in Northern Norway.

April 04, 2024 Read Full Article

Hydrogen: New Ambitions and Challenges

(S&P Global) In addition to its role in the oil refining and chemical industries, hydrogen is now emerging as a vector of clean energy delivery. There is genuine interest and investment worldwide as governments and businesses seek to develop this budding

March 08, 2024 Read Full Article

Fueling the Future: Biofuels Driving Progress on Net Zero

(S&P Global) The role of biofuels in energy transition is growing, as they can help decarbonize hard-to-abate transport sectors, but more supply is needed to keep the world on track with net-zero goals. S&P Global Commodity Insights explores how regional policies

March 07, 2024 Read Full Article

Powering the Future: ISCC’s Technical Stakeholder Meeting Spotlights Innovation in Renewable Fuels!

(International Sustainability and Carbon Certification) We are excited to share key insights from the recent ISCC Technical Stakeholder Meeting for Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBOs), which took place online with more than 315 active participants and featured eight expert speakers.

February 20, 2024 Read Full Article

Making Progress in Developing the Market

(Biofuels International)  According to Pat Gruber, the CEO of Gevo, in his view, the last 12 months for the biofuels industry can be summarised in one word ‘limbo’. Gruber believes that the company has made progress on things like developing the market,

February 08, 2024 Read Full Article

Is There a Future for Biodiesel in Europe?

by Edgar Ahn (BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH/Biobased Diesel Daily)  A comprehensive look at the policy landscape and market opportunities for fatty acid methyl esters in the European Union. --  ... A group of experts from the Dutch Rabobank anticipates a sharp decline in

February 06, 2024 Read Full Article

Argus Market Paper: Industrial RFNBO Targets Imperil European Fertilizer Self-Sufficiency

(Argus Media)  This paper covers: Adoption of RED III targets for RFNBO use in industry Three strategies available for EU member states to achieve their industrial RFNBO targets Decarbonising industrial-use ammonia, oil refining and methanol production Ammonia production facing greatest pressure from RED III Political challenges of

November 06, 2023 Read Full Article

EBA Approves the ITRE Committee Recognition of the Need for the Introduction of a Carbon Correction Factor Contributing to Reduction of CO2 Emissions and Climate Change Mitigation

(European Biogas Association) On the 12th of October, the European Parliament’s Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) voted its Opinion on the Revision of Regulation EU 2019/1242 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new heavy-duty vehicles. EBA approves the ITRE Committee recognition

October 13, 2023 Read Full Article

OCI Global to Double Its Green Methanol Capacity in the United States

(OCI Global) OCI will scale capacity by 200,000 tons at its facility in Beaumont, Texas; The green methanol will come from a mix of renewable feedstocks, including renewable natural gas (RNG), green hydrogen and other over the fence feedstock partnerships; OCI HyFuels

September 19, 2023 Read Full Article

MEPs Back Plans to Boost Use of Renewable Energy

(European Parliament) Renewables will have to make up 42.5% of the EU’s energy consumption by 2030, with the aim of achieving 45%; Faster approval procedure for deploying renewables; New fuels in the transport sector should lead to a 14.5% reduction of

September 19, 2023 Read Full Article

Biohydrogen: Affordable, Green and Yet Overlooked

(European Biogas Association)  The European Biogas Association, in collaboration with biogas experts, is launching a white paper on the sustainability, affordability and accessibility of biohydrogen to support its production and use in Europe. Alongside biogas and biomethane, biohydrogen will be key

September 14, 2023 Read Full Article

FuelEU Maritime Initiative: Council Adopts New Law to Decarbonise the Maritime Sector

(European Council) More renewable and low-carbon fuels will reduce the carbon footprint of the maritime sector in the EU following today’s (July 25, 2023) adoption of a new regulation by the Council on the so-called ‘FuelEU maritime’ initiative. The new law will provide legal certainty

August 01, 2023 Read Full Article

EBA Applauds Biomethane Decarbonisation Acknowledgement, but Regrets Lack of Strong Positive Signal to the Biomethane Value Chain

(European Biogas Association)  Today (July 11, 1023), the European Parliament adopted the final agreement on both the Regulation on the deployment of Alternative Fuel Infrastructure (AFIR) – setting the framework for the deployment of alternative fuel refuelling and recharging infrastructure across

July 12, 2023 Read Full Article

Unlocking the Deployment of Advanced Bioethanol Refineries

by Melich Seefeldt (Praj Industries/Biofuels Digest)  Advanced bioethanol (also named 2G or cellulosic bioethanol from inedible biomass) and its co-products lignin, stillage, and biogenic CO2 are sustainable key tools to decarbonize the difficult-to-abate transport sector. In addition, they can be

June 12, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide Axens Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Axens offers today the largest portfolio to do so; providing efficient, reliable and flexible technologies to convert biomass into high quality and low-carbon alternative products for the transportation sector as well as the chemical industry.. Axens

May 30, 2023 Read Full Article

Hydrogen E-Fuel Production Could Create 10,500 Jobs Here - Report

(RTE)  10,500 jobs could be created across the country by 2050 through the production of sustainable aviation fuels for use in aircraft and shipping that are derived from hydrogen, a new report finds. The analysis, by Hydrogen Mobility Ireland, also predicts that

May 26, 2023 Read Full Article

Two U.S. Senators Introduce New Carbon Removal Legislation

by Dimana Doneva (Carbon Herald) Senators Susan Collins (R-ME) and Maria Cantwell (D-WA) introduced on May 12 the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies (CREST) Act. The new legislation directs the Departments of Energy and Interior to put in place new research programs

May 23, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Legislation and Regulations about SAF, the Topsoe Perspective

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Case 1, Is Jet Fuel Produced From Soybean Oil? Case 2, Is E-Jet Produced From Fossil CO2 And Green H2 SAF? These are just a couple of the topics tucked into this panoramic survey of

May 02, 2023 Read Full Article

Norwegian Partners with Norsk e-Fuel to Build New e-Fuel Plant in Norway

(Norsk e-Fuel) Norwegian has announced a landmark partnership with Norsk e-Fuel to build the world’s first full scale e-fuel plant in Mosjøen, Norway. The plant will produce sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), marking an important milestone towards Norwegian's target of 45

April 26, 2023 Read Full Article

European Parliament Takes Action to Promote the Use of SAF

by Erin Voegele (Biodiesel Magazine)  The European Parliament on April 18 voted 463 to 117 to implement a revision to the European Union’s Emissions Trading System that will phase out free allowances for the aviation sector by 2026 and promote the

April 21, 2023 Read Full Article

Preparing a Renewable Route to Rubber Material

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) ...  Butadiene, an essential component of synthetic rubber, is currently produced by the petrochemical industry from fossil reserves. But it could be efficiently made in a one-step reaction from renewable ethanol using a modernized

April 18, 2023 Read Full Article

Policy Support Needed to Boost Sustainable Aviation Fuels in China

by Niu Yuhan (China Dialogue) China's aviation sector needs sustainable fuels to lower its carbon footprint, but support is needed to reduce costs and increase production -- ... China’s production of SAFs is just getting started. In late 2022, the

April 06, 2023 Read Full Article

New EU Deal on Cleaner Shipping

(Biofuels International)  The European Parliament and Council have reached a deal on cleaner maritime fuels - asking to cut ship emissions by 2% from 2025 and by 80% from 2050. A provisional agreement reached on March 23 between negotiators sets up

April 06, 2023 Read Full Article

Members of European Parliament Strike Informal Deal on REDIII

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) Members of the European Parliament and the Swedish Presidency of the Council informally agreed March 30 to raise the share of renewables in the EU’s final energy consumption to 42.5 percent by 2030, under the

April 04, 2023 Read Full Article

EU Renewable Energy Deal Backs Biofuels to Cut Transport Emissions

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com) The amount of biofuels in Europe’s transport sector is expected to increase after the European Parliament and EU countries agreed in the early hours of Thursday (30 March) on new rules to spur the use of

March 31, 2023 Read Full Article

Fit for 55: Deal on New EU Rules for Cleaner Maritime Fuels

(European Parliament) Big ships to gradually reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; Containerships and passenger ships at major EU ports to use on shore power supply as of 2030; Ships fuel mix to have at least 2% of specific renewable fuels

March 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Methanol as Marine Fuel

(NABU (Google Translation)) NABU study shows potential for climate-friendly drive turnaround at sea  --  E-methanol can make ocean shipping more climate-friendly. The fuel is less harmful to the environment than ammonia or heavy oil and easier to use - this

March 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Technip Energies Selected by Arcadia eFuels for the World’s First Commercial Facility to Produce eFuels from Renewable Electricity and Captured CO2

(Technip Energies) Technip Energies (PARIS: TE) has been awarded a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract by Arcadia eFuels for the world’s first commercial eFuels facility for sustainable aviation fuels production in Vordingborg, Denmark. Pre-FEED and early works recently concluded, and

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Questions and Answers on the EU Delegated Acts on Renewable Hydrogen

(European Commission) 1. What is the Commission proposing today and what are the objectives of these rules? Hydrogen plays a key role in our European Green Deal and in the REPowerEU plan. Upscaling the use of renewable hydrogen, ammonia and other derivatives will accelerate the

February 15, 2023 Read Full Article

FuelEU Maritime Deal Lets Shipping off the Hook

by Ciarán Cuffe and Jutta Paulus (Greens/EFA/EurActiv) Low targets, few incentives, and a myriad of exemptions have hollowed out the potential of FuelEU Maritime to kickstart the decarbonisation journey of a historically underregulated sector, argue Jutta Paulus and Ciarán Cuffe. ... However,

October 21, 2022 Read Full Article

Iberdrola and bp to Collaborate to Accelerate Green Hydrogen Production in Europe

(Alt Fuels/bp)  Iberdrola and bp announced their intention to form a strategic collaboration aiming to help accelerate the energy transition. Together, the companies intend to collaborate to significantly expand fast EV public charging infrastructure, as well as to develop large scale

August 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Fit for 55 Package: Council Adopts Its Position on Three Texts Relating to the Transport Sector

(European Council) Today (June 2, 2022), European transport ministers adopted a common position (‘general approach’) on each of the three legislative proposals of the fit for 55 package that relate to the transport sector (alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR), FuelEU Maritime and ReFuelEU

June 08, 2022 Read Full Article

Airlines, NGOs Unite Behind Push for Clean Jet Fuels in Europe

(European Climate Foundation)  Airlines, pilots and environmental groups are teaming up for the first time to support a European Union plan for big increases in climate-friendly jet fuels. Four major carriers – Air France-KLM, easyJet, Ryanair and Deutsche Post DHL Group – have

February 02, 2022 Read Full Article

Market Diversification and the Biofuel Start-up

by Oliver Mace (Broadmanor Consulting)  ... Firstly, there are of course European countries outside of the EU – UK, Norway, Switzerland… – and these are not bound by the regulatory framework of the Union. They are free to create biofuels regulations

December 07, 2021 Read Full Article

EU Green Fuels Talks Slowed by Detail

by Dafydd ab Iago (Argus Media) EU energy ministers will meet this week to try and clear stumbling blocks — notably over targeted levels — in legislation aimed at boosting uptake of renewable fuels, including sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) and maritime

November 29, 2021 Read Full Article

EU Plans Single Database to Certify Carbon Content of Hydrogen, Low-Carbon Fuels

by Nikolaus J. Kurmayer (EURACTIV.com) The European Commission is preparing to launch an EU-wide database to certify the carbon footprint of hydrogen and other low-carbon fuels in a harmonised way. The carbon certification of hydrogen production – currently 96% reliant on

November 19, 2021 Read Full Article

UK Government Favours a SAF Blending Mandate Based on Carbon Savings rather than Volumes

by Christopher Surgenor  (GreenAir Online) Following closely behind the release of the European Commission’s ReFuelEU Aviation sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) blending mandate proposal, the UK’s Department for Transport (DfT) has opened an eight-week consultation on its own proposal for a

August 31, 2021 Read Full Article

ReFuelEU Aviation: EU Commission Is Initiating What Is Already Legally or Factually Anchored in Some Member States

(Aviation Initiative for Renewable Energy in Germany) The EU Commission submitted the ReFuelEU Aviation regulation draft intending to boost the ramp-up of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) for European aviation. The key instrument is a gradually increasing quota on SAF. With that,

July 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Setting European Aviation on a Pathway to Decarbonisation by 2050

(GreenAir Online)  A new study, one of the first, examines whether a credible pathway to zero or near zero emissions exists for European aviation. The report, published by Transport & Environment (T&E), looks at flights within and departing Europe thus matching

December 03, 2018 Read Full Article
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Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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