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US EPA Grants More Waivers from Biofuel Quotas

by Cole Martin (Argus Media) President Donald Trump's administration today (November 7, 2025) granted small refiners even more exemptions from federal biofuel blend mandates, raising the stakes of a debate about whether larger oil companies should shoulder more of the burden. The

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Brazil Calls on Global Leaders to Support Sustainable Fuels

(Molecule Group)   Brazilian President Lula urged countries to support the Belém 4X Pledge on Sustainable Fuels during the Global Climate Leaders’ Summit. “Belém 4x” aims to provide political support and foster international cooperation to at least quadruple the use of sustainable fuels by

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Marine Institute Unveils Ambitious Climate Action Roadmap 2025

(Marine Institute) The Marine Institute has launched its Climate Action Roadmap 2025 outlining the organisation’s ambitious plans and progress in sustainability, energy efficiency, and carbon reduction across its operations. The Marine Institute’s Climate Action Roadmap 2025 reflects the Institute’s structured and proactive approach to meeting sustainability

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IEA Report Highlights Rapid Growth in the Global Biogas Industry

(World Biogas Association)  The IEA released its latest renewable energy market report, Renewables 2025, on 7 October 2025, highlighting that biogas and biomethane are becoming an integral part of the renewable energy success story. They are emerging as strategic fuels for decarbonising

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Ministers O'Brien and Heydon Mark Key Step to Ensuring the Development of a Sustainable, Indigenous Biomethane Sector in Ireland

(Ireland Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment)  Key deliverable under the National Biomethane Strategy – Biomethane Environmental Sustainability Charter now published Minister for Climate, Energy and the Environment Darragh O'Brien and Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine Martin Heydon have

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Global Industry Leaders Call on GHG Standards-setting Body to Incentivize Renewable Gases

(American Biogas Council)  Ahead of COP30, 30 leading industrial and utilities companies around the world have joined coordinators of the Let Green Gas Count campaign (including ADBA, the American Biogas Council, EBA, eNG Coalition, Eurogas, Molecule Group, RNG Coalition, World Biogas Association) in call to the Green House

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Biofuels in Brazil: From the Soil to the Sky

by Rafael Rabioglio (BloombergNEF) ... The country is the second-largest ethanol and third-largest biodiesel producer in the world. The industry is likely to face both headwinds and tailwinds in the coming decades, including a potential increase in domestic blending mandates and a

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Can SAF Make Progress in Mandates without Incentives?

(ResourceWise) As the aviation sector races toward its 2050 net-zero target, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) has emerged as its most immediate and scalable decarbonization tool. Across Europe, North America, and Asia, governments are introducing SAF blending mandates that require airlines to use a

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The 4 Vectors of Scale: Bioneers Pow.Bio, Future Origins Reach the Inflection Point

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The bioeconomy is leaving behind its mountain-men phase of bench work and pilot skids and entering its wagon-train era: disciplined, organized, and built for repetition. Companies like Pow.Bio, which just scaled continuous fermentation to 3,000 liters

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STEROPE: Pioneering Europe’s New Model of Carbon Circularity and Industrial Decarbonization

(Hydrocarbon Processing) STEROPE is a new European project that will demonstrate how advanced carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies can transform industrial CO₂ emissions into sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), renewable marine fuels and bio-based chemicals, using green hydrogen and innovative catalytic

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CropEnergies Pilot Project in Mannheim Proves: Super E20 Works!

(CropEnergies)  In October 2023, Germany's first public E20 filling station opened in Mannheim. The fuel on offer was developed by Mannheim-based CropEnergies AG. The demo fleet shows that E20 works perfectly well in everyday use. Logistics E20 can be used entirely within the

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2040 Climate Target: Council Agrees Its Position on a 90% Emissions Reduction

(European Council) Today (November 5, 2025), the Council has reached an agreement on amending the European climate law (ECL), introducing a binding intermediate climate target for 2040 of a 90% reduction in net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, compared to 1990 levels. This

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ETFuels Launches FEED for Landmark First-Mover e-Methanol Project in US

(ETFuels) ETFuels, a leading global e-fuels developer announced the start of Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) for its flagship Rattlesnake Gap e-methanol project in West Texas - marking a major step toward the commercial-scale production of e-fuels for global shipping and aviation markets. Once

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The World's First Wind-Powered Methanol Dual-Fuel Roll-on/Roll-off Carrier Has Entered a Critical Construction Phase.

(CeNews (Google Translation) On October 29, at the Wuchang Shipbuilding Plant of China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) on the banks of the Yangtze River in Wuhan, Hubei Province, a reporter from the China Environmental News witnessed the world's first wind-powered methanol

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Commission Unveils the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan: A Strategic Approach to Boost Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuels for Aviation and Waterborne Transport

(European Commission) The European Commission today (November 5, 2025) adopted its communication on the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan (STIP), setting out a pivotal roadmap to rapidly accelerate the energy transition of aviation and waterborne transport sectors. A key component of the EU Competitiveness Compass and the Clean Industrial Deal, this

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Implementation Opinions of the Ministry of Commerce on Expanding Green Trade

(Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (Google translation)) ... In order to actively expand green trade, promote trade optimization and upgrading, help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, and accelerate the construction of a strong trading nation,

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Federal Court Pauses Enforcement of California’s Clean Truck Partnership

(ACT News)  • A federal judge temporarily blocked California from enforcing the Clean Truck Partnership while the case proceeds. The court denied broader relief — California’s existing truck emissions rules remain in effect. Judge Dena Coggins ruled that neither the truck manufacturers nor

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Episode 45 – Wyse Counsel: Reflections on Venture and Biobased Economy with Roger Wyse

by Cameron Begley (Tech Transfer Talk)  In this episode, I had the great pleasure of catching up with Roger Wyse, Founder and Managing Partner at Spruce Capital Partners. I have had the pleasure of collaborating with Roger over the past decade (or more)

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PlanET Biogas: Driving the Future of biogas

(Bioenergy Insight)  Few companies have had as much influence in shaping the space as PlanET Biogas, a global leader with a strong presence in North America. Bioenergy Insight spoke to Derek Hundert, president of PlanET – North America, to discuss the company’s history,

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European Bioeconomy Alliance Report Highlights Benefits of First-Generation Biomass

(Bioenergy Insight) The European Bioeconomy Alliance (EUBA) has announced the release of a new expert paper by the nova-Institute, titled “Benefits of Using First-Generation Biomass for Food, Fuels, Chemicals and Derived Materials in Europe: Science-based Argumentation Paper.” According to EUBA’s statement, the

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White House Wrote Half of EPA’s Cost-Benefit Analysis for Climate Rule Rollback

by Jean Chemnick (E&E News Climatewire) The move — revealed in emails and internal drafts — sidelined EPA’s deep bench of career economists. --  The White House circumvented EPA’s career staff to write almost half of the cost-benefit analysis for the agency’s

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Raleigh Becomes First in North Carolina to Power Buses with Renewable Natural Gas from Wastewater

(Raleigh, North Carolina) Raleigh Water Celebrates Ribbon Cutting for Bioenergy Recovery Project -- The sky was a clear blue, and the sun was bright as a crowd gathered at the Neuse River Resource Recovery Center to mark a milestone: cutting the ribbon

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BMW Group Demands HVO100-Only Vehicles Be Included in Fleet Legislation

(BMW Group/Biobased Diesel Daily) The BMW Group used its presence at the “Fleet Europe Days” Oct. 22-23 in Luxembourg to show fleet operators ways to decarbonize their fleets. In addition to fully electrified vehicles, the focus was on fuels based on renewable

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Egypt Secures $135MN Financing for Bioethanol Project to Boost Green Energy Production

by Fatma Ahmed (Egypt Oil & Gas Group) In a step toward expanding Egypt’s green energy portfolio, Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Karim Badawi witnessed the signing of a $135 million long-term financing agreement for the Egyptian Bioethanol Company (EBIOL) project of the

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K2 Ethanol Orders Ethanol and Animal-Feed Plants from ANDRITZ

(ANDRITZ)  K2 Ethanol Pvt. Ltd, a pioneer in the biomass and biofuel sectors, has awarded ANDRITZ a contract to build integrated ethanol and animal-feed production plants in India. The project will include the country’s first ethanol plant powered by agro-residue, supporting

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Hilgers, Bird Urge EPA to Create Opt-in GHG Reporting Program to Preserve 45Q, 45Z Availability for Ethanol Producers

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Nebraska Attorney General Mike Hilgers and Iowa Attorney General Brenna Bird on Nov. 3 filed a public comment with the U.S. EPA expressing concern that the agency’s proposed repeal of its Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

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Brazilian Prosecutors Investigate Illegal Use of Native Wood in Corn Ethanol Production

by Roberto Samora (Reuters) Prosecutors in Mato Grosso state to investigate illegal use of native wood as fuel for corn ethanol industry; State reforesters association Arefloresta says over 50% of wood used in sector is from native trees; Corn ethanol

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EV Obsession Is a Missed Opportunity to Lower Emissions, Mazda Says

by Michael Taylor (Forbes) The Vision X-Coupe is Mazda's latest push into renewable fuels, with executives calling the push into EVs unrealistic. --  Japanese auto maker Mazda has slammed industry and legislative obsessions with battery-electric vehicles for stopping the search for more

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office Strategy and Impact

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The VTO drives applied R&D to achieve net-zero carbon emissions in transportation by 2050, focusing on the gap between basic science and commercial development. Key priorities include accelerating battery technology, optimizing vehicle/grid integration, and developing modal

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Biofuels – A Continuing Debate: Why I Trust TEI Research

by John Eichberger (Transportation Energy Institute) Recently, I have seen several reports claiming that biofuels are not good for the environment, that they emit more carbon than the petroleum they displace and that their production has diverted resources and negatively affected

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Bill Aims to Reinstate 45Z ‘Special Rate’ for SAF, Other Renewable Energy Tax Incentives Eliminated by OBBB

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)   Rep. Mike Thompson, D-Calif., on Oct. 28 introduced a bill that aims to reinstate many of the renewable energy tax credits eliminated by the One Big Beautiful Bill. One provision of the legislation would

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Ethanol Blog: State AGs Accuse Small Refineries of Gaming Renewable Fuel Standard Exemptions While Reporting Strong Profits

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  Attorneys general from Nebraska, Iowa and South Dakota have asked federal authorities to take a closer look at small refineries receiving exemptions from the Renewable Fuel Standard, alleging in a letter on Wednesday (October 29,

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Heard on the Floor at ABLC Next: The Stakes Are High

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... In Washington, the federal deck has been reshuffled: environment, employment, energy security has become energy dominance, employment, environment. The order has changed—but not the urgency. An industry that once needed cash because it had ideas has become an industry that needs

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Campaigners Push Waste Emissions Trading for EU Circular Economy Act

by Neil Merrett (MRW) The EU should move away from relying on landfill bans in favour of a ‘cap-and-trade system’ to increase reuse and recycling, argues Zero Waste Europe (ZWE). A briefing document from the environmental campaign body had put forward the reform proposals

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UK Government Starts New Consultation on SAF Revenue Certainty Mechanism Public Comment DEADLINE January 8, 2026

by  Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir) The UK government has opened another public consultation on the levy to fund the revenue certainty mechanism (RCM) it is setting up to help sustainable aviation fuel producers secure final investment decisions on their projects. The government’s preferred

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Enilive: HVO Diesel Biofuel for Maritime Transport Is Available in the Ports of Genoa and Ravenna

(Eni)  Enilive, a company specializing in mobility products and services, announces that its marine HVO diesel biofuel, made from 100% renewable raw materials, is now available for direct delivery from the depot to ships via barge in the ports of Genoa

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How This Sustainable Jet Fuel Company Is Charting a New Route in the Trump Era

by Sean Captain (Fast Company) LanzaJet aims to power planes without petroleum. Its first plant got caught up in politics—forcing a sudden retooling before it can begin producing sustainable aviation fuel. A first-of-its-kind refinery has been in the works for a decade

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QUOTE OF THE WEEK -- Ernest Moniz

“Ethanol is the pathway now toward a low carbon future and the key to energy transition. If you look at low-carbon, scalable, affordable fuels, ethanol is the only game in town.” -- Ernest Moniz, EFI Foundation and former US Secretary of Energy,

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EASA Publishes Report on Sustainable Aviation Fuel Scale-up, Progress and Pressure Points

(European Union Aviation Safety Agency)   The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) published the first ReFuelEU Aviation Annual Technical Report, laying out the initial picture of how Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) are being supplied, purchased and used across the European Union (EU). The

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Biofuels Producation and Development in Denmark

by Sune Tjalfe Thomsen (University of Copenhagen/IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Biofuel News)  • Renewable energy covers nearly half of Denmark’s gross energy use, with biomass still the largest contributor. • Biogas production has tripled since 2016 and now supplies almost 50% of national

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Nuclear Energy Moves Closer to the Commercial Fleet

(Lloyd's Register) With momentum building behind nuclear as a zero-emission energy source, LR’s Fuel for Thought briefing during London International Shipping Week brought together key voices from across the industry to discuss how the sector can move from ambition to action. The

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HMM Drives Maritime Decarbonization with Hanwha Group and KR in New R&D Partnership

(HMM) HMM has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with four subsidiaries of Hanwha Group(Hanwha Power Systems, Hanwha Ocean, Hanwha Aerospace, Hanwha Systems) and Korean Register(KR) to jointly develop a next-generation zero-carbon propulsion system for ships.   Under this collaboration, the partners aim

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Analysis: Shipping Climate Plan Delay Could Sink Clean Fuel Projects

by Angeli Mehta ( Ethical Corporation Magazine/Reuters)  Vote to delay agreed IMO climate plan means 100 ammonia and methanol projects now uncertain; Shipping GHG emissions could rise 50% by 2050 without action; IMO plan was expected to raise $11-12 billion annually for small island

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How Alkagesta UK Drives London’s Biofuel Revolution: from Waste to Global Capital

(Business Matters Magazine) As the UK strives to achieve net zero, the biofuel sector serves as a crucial foundation for sustainable growth. -- Fuel suppliers are required under the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) to blend progressively larger amounts of low-carbon biofuels.

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XCF Global Signs Binding Term Sheet with New Rise Australia to Develop Renewable Fuel Facilities; Launches First Regional Platform to Accelerate International Expansion

(XCF Global)  • 15-year exclusive license to deploy XCF's modular, scalable renewable fuel platform across Australia, targeting development of three renewable fuel production facilities XCF to receive a 12.5% equity stake, licensing fees, and one board seat in New Rise Australia Formalizes the June 2025 Memorandum of Understanding

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Ford Is Halting F-150 Lightning Production to Focus on More Profitable Gas and Hybrid Trucks

by Peter Johnson (electrek) Ford (F) has halted production of its electric pickup truck at the Rouge EV Center in Michigan following a fire at an aluminum supplier’s factory. The F-150 Lightning will remain on pause as Ford focuses on more profitable gas

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Treasury Urged to Finish Clean Fuel Credit Rules by Lawmakers

by Chris Cioffi (Bloomberg Law) The biofuel credit created in the 2022 tax-and-climate law has broad bipartisan support. -- The Treasury Department should take swift action to finalize clean fuel production rules to address unresolved pieces of July’s GOP tax law for

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HVO Can Be Part of Our Clean Energy Transition, but Not for Heating Homes.

by Margie McCarthy (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland) HVO can be part of our clean energy transition, but not for heating homes. -- As we race against time in our efforts to address climate change, Margie McCarthy, Director of Research and Policy

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Launch of the Maritime Ethanol & Methanol Alliance (MEMA)

(Global Center for Green Fuels) The Global Centre for Green Fuels (GCGF) has officially launched the Maritime Ethanol & Methanol Alliance (MEMA), a new global platform to coordinate and accelerate the adoption of ethanol and methanol as low-carbon marine fuels. Anchored in Singapore,

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Policy Insider Blog: Jaw Droppers and Energy Eye Openers

by Allen Schaeffer (Engine Technology Forum)  Yes, there are more than 190,000 miles of liquid petroleum pipelines in the U.S., but none delivering motor fuels to California. ...  A bumper bean crop is being crushed by trade and wavering environmental fuels policy. It's a

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COP30: Council Sets EU Position for the Climate Conference in Belém

(Council of the European Union) Today (October 21, 2025), the Council approved the conclusions on the EU's preparations for the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), set to take place from 10 to 21

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Thailand's New Biofuel Roadmap: SAF Mandate, E20/B7 Focus

by Chullawan Kerdyam (The Nation) -- Thailand will mandate the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), starting at 1% in 2026 and increasing to 8% by 2036.  -- The country is restructuring its road fuels to establish Gasohol E20 and Biodiesel B7

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Turning the Darkness to Dawn: InEnTec, IEA, and the Columbia Roll On

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From hydro to hydrogen, the Columbia River keeps teaching America how to move. ... From the Roosevelt Vista you can see what he means. The Columbia bends broad and blue below, wind turbines pacing the brown ridges

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CBAM Regulatory Framework for the Definitive Period Starting in 2026

(UABIO) Starting from January 1, 2026, the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)is moving from a Transitional to a Definitive period. This means that importers of certain goods will not only have to report their greenhouse gas emissions, as has been the case since

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B10: Europe’s Overlooked Climate Ambition

(Biofuels International) Europe’s transport emissions remain stubbornly high. Efficiency gains from vehicle hybridisation help – and while fully electric vehicle sales are growing – they remain a very minor fraction of the EU’s overall passenger vehicle fleet. Every year spent waiting for

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Is the Biofuel Boom Over?

by Felicity Bradstock (OilPrice.com) • Oil majors, including Shell, BP, and TotalEnergies, are scaling back or delaying biofuel projects despite earlier commitments to ramp up production. Shell’s decision to cancel its massive Rotterdam biofuels plant highlights broader financial and market challenges facing

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Renewable Hydrogen Consolidates in Spain with Nearly 400 Registered Projects

(Strategic Energy Europe) Estimated electrolysis capacity by 2030 stands at 13.3 GW, a figure aligned with the PNIEC target (12 GW) and with the 2026–2030 Electricity Planning Proposal (13.1 GW reserved for renewable hydrogen). The Spanish Hydrogen Association (AeH2) today presented the updated AeH2 Projects

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Minister Shanks Underscores Central Role of CCUS in Powering Low-Carbon Future and Industrial Decarbonisation at CCSA Annual Conference

(Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA)) At today (October 14, 2025)’s Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA) annual conference, Minister Shanks, Minister for Energy in the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, delivered a keynote address emphasising that Carbon Capture,

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India Ramps Up Ethanol Drive with Year-round Supply, Feedstock Push

(NewKerala.com) Reaffirming India's commitment to a cleaner energy future, Ashwani Srivastava, Joint Secretary, Department of Food & Public Distribution, underscored the government's strategic focus on building a robust, year-round ethanol supply chain. -- Reaffirming India's commitment to a cleaner energy future,

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The SAF Approach

by Caitlin Scheresky (Biomass Magazine) ... Bio-oil SAF, commonly known as hydrotreated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) technology, currently dominates SAF production simply because it’s been proven at a commercial scale. However, HEFA technology is far from the perfect solution. While

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Exolum Invests in UK’s First Independent SAF Blending Facility

(Biomass Magazine) Exolum, Europe’s leading energy logistics company, on Oct. 15 announced its decision to invest £4.5 million in creating the U.K.’s first independent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) blending facility at Redcliffe Bay in south-west England, as part of new plans

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Carbon Offsets Have Failed for 25 Years, and Most Should Be Phased Out

(University of Oxford/Phys.Org) Academics at the University of Oxford and the University of Pennsylvania have conducted the most comprehensive review of evidence on the effectiveness on carbon offsetting to date and concluded the practice is ineffective and riddled with "intractable" problems.

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California Moves Forward with Carbon Pipelines Law, Doubles Down on CO2 Capture and Removal

by Vasil Velev (Carbon Herald) California is positioning itself at the forefront of carbon management technology with a new law aimed at reducing and removing CO2 emissions. Governor Gavin Newsom signed SB 614, authored by Senator Henry Stern (D-Los Angeles), to authorize

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Gov. Jeff Landry Halts New Louisiana Carbon Capture Applications. Here's Why, What's Next.

by David J. Mitchell (NOLA.com) Gov. Jeff Landry declared a moratorium Wednesday (October 15, 2025) on new applications for carbon capture injection wells in Louisiana after years of growing complaints from people who live near where the projects are planned. Landry's order

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California Reauthorizes Cap-and-Invest Program, Providing Market Certainty for Clean Investments and Setting Limits on the Use of Carbon Offsets

(Clean Air Task Force) This weekend (September 13-14, 2025), the California legislature passed AB 1207 and SB 840, reauthorizing California’s Cap-and-Invest program through 2045, developing a plan for allocating revenues from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, and defining requirements for compliance

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Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage

by  Charlotte Levy, Stephanie Herbstritt, Kathy Fallon, Zoe Jee (Clean Air Task Force /Carbon 180) During New York Climate Week, Carbon180 joined experts from Clean Air Task Force, Carbon Direct, the National Wildlife Federation, and World Resources Institute to present and discuss the opportunities and challenges

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Biochar, Biomass and Bottom Lines

Cornelius van Tonder  (RegenCorp/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  As U.S. ethanol producers prepare for the implementation of 45Z, one thing is clear: carbon intensity (CI) is no longer just a regulatory metric—it’s a revenue driver. Achieving CI scores below 30 grams of CO2

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Chipping Away at the Value Proposition of Biofuels

y Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Governors' Biofuels Coalition)  The RFS, SAF, Tax Credits and smart farming programs are all predicated in part on reducing carbon.  The Trump administration, with little pushback from Congress, has said never mind, we don’t value

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Time For Sarvodaya and Antyodaya in Biofuel Mission

by Anandajit Goswami (The Pioneer) ... When biofuel production from villages of India will happen through such a trusteeship between villagers, market players, government agencies, and private developers, with risk sharing in a decentralised, self governed way, cooperation will happen over class

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UN Shipping Agency Delays Decision on Carbon Price under US Pressure

by Enes Tunagur and Jonathan Saul (Reuters) US and Saudi Arabia strongly oppose carbon price on shipping; Trump urged countries to vote no to the emission-reduction measure; Majority of 57 countries voted to delay decision, 47 opposed --   A majority of countries at the

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It’s Time: Fueling a Fair Go for Rural Regions

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... They’re doing it not with protest signs, but with seed drills and soil — and a new report out of Australia has turned that quiet demand for fairness into a national industrial plan: the Low-Carbon Liquid

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Ethanol Sourced Carbon Dioxide and the Energy Sector

Sam Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics)  In the U.S., ethanol by-product carbon dioxide, is a dominant form of CO2 off-gas from all CO2 processes and source types; and this carbon dioxide is significant in the supply to energy – related projects.  ... This piece describes

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Food vs. Fuel: Why US Sustainable Crops Are Suddenly in High Demand

(Bain & Co.) New clean fuel incentives are reshaping US crop economics—and raising strategic risks for food companies. -- With clean fuel incentives, biofuels producers could pay twice as much per acre for sustainably grown crops—replacing food companies in the bidding.  -- Food

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Brazil, Other Nations Agree to Quadruple Sustainable Fuels

by Andrew Zinin (AFP/Phys.Org) Brazil, India, Italy and Japan vowed Tuesday (October 14, 2025) to quadruple their production and consumption of renewable fuels, hoping other countries will join the pledge during UN climate talks in November. "We hope to have a good

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CAER, State Energy and Environment Cabinet Complete Sustainable Aviation Fuel Study

(University of Kentucky Research) The University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (UK CAER) and the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet (EEC) have completed a risk assessment of representative fats, oils and grease (FOG) feedstocks that can be used to produce sustainable aviation fuel

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Airlines Face Price-Gouging by Green Jet Fuel Sellers, IATA Says

by Joanna Plucinska and Tim Hepher (Reuters)   Fuel suppliers are using European Union green jet fuel mandates to inflate costs for airlines through surcharges, nearly doubling prices compared with market rates, the head of airlines body IATA said in an interview,

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What Portland’s 50% Renewable Fuel Blend Mandate Means for the Fuel Market in 2026

by Jordan Godwin (OPIS Insights)  Portland, Oregon, is on track to significantly reshape its fuel market. Under the city’s Renewable Fuel Standard, the minimum blend requirement for renewable diesel is set to increase from today’s 15% to 50% in 2026. This

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India’s Biofuel Revolution: Leveraging the Social Cost of Carbon to Mitigate Climate Change

by Dilip S. Patil (The Hindu Business Line) This holistic approach will accelerate the decarbonisation of India’s transport sector, reinforce the country’s commitment to a sustainable, Net-Zero future ... Despite India’s relatively low per capita emissions compared to major polluters like the US

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Biofuel Diplomacy: India’s Next Big Export after UPI

By Sreeraman Thiagarajan (Economic Times) At GFF 2025, Prime Minister Modi spoke about bridging divides between urban and rural, rich, and poor, developed and developing. The same philosophy applies to India’s biofuel story. What began as a domestic policy to reduce

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Wallenius Sol Joins Gasum’s FuelEU Maritime Pool

(Bioenergy International) Finland-headed energy company Gasum Oy, and shipping company Wallenius Sol have signed a co-operation agreement whereby Wallenius Sol’s dual fuel vessels join Gasum’s FuelEU Maritime pool as compliance generators. The vessels will generate a compliance surplus for the benefit

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NTPC And Carbon Clean Produce India’s First Methanol from Captured CO2

by Violet George (Carbon Herald) India has achieved a significant step toward industrial decarbonization with the successful production of its first drop of methanol derived from captured carbon dioxide at NTPC’s Vindhyachal Super Thermal Power Station in Madhya Pradesh. The breakthrough

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Clean Marine Fuels Are an Enormous Market Opportunity for U.S. Biofuels and Ag—Don’t Let It Sink

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association) There’s an old saying in politics that suggests “if you’re not at the table, you’re on the menu.” Sure, the adage is overused and a bit cliché. But it aptly describes events that will be

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Repsol Is a Pioneer in Producing 100% Renewable Gasoline on an Industrial Scale.

(Repsol)  • Repsol has achieved a technological milestone by producing 100% renewable gasoline on an industrial scale for the first time at its Tarragona industrial center. This breakthrough demonstrates that renewable liquid fuels are a real option for reducing CO2 emissions from transportation, raising

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RFS: Looking Back 20 Years

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine) To mark the 20-year anniversary of the RFS, Ethanol Producer Magazine spoke to several long-time members of the ethanol industry about what has been accomplished as well as what’s next on the horizon.  ... When asked to

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The Fuel Carriers of the New Oceans

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... And so, once again, the world’s fleets are pivoting — this time toward methanol, ammonia, bio-LNG, and drop-in fuels that promise to keep commerce flowing without choking the sky. Not powered by fossil empires, but

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Varied Biofuels, LNG Key for Net-Zero: Marine Fuels 360

by Sarah Giam (Argus Media) Biofuels and liquefied natural gas (LNG) will likely be the most economical alternative marine fuels well into the 2030s, speakers at the Marine Fuels 360 conference in Singapore on 7 October said. But they also emphasised a

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Biodiesel: An Intriguing Decarbonisation Option, but Questions Remain

by John Snyder (Riviera) Biodiesel can be used as a drop-in fuel to reduce GHG emissions, but questions remain around its price, supply, availability and impact on onboard components -- While biofuels are expensive and contain carbon, they offer an immediate solution

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EU-US Waste Oil Imports Surge Twentyfold as Biofuel Demand Hits Vegoil Supply: IEA

by Samyak Pandey (S&P Global)  Biofuels claiming 27% of vegetable oil production by 2030; Aviation SAF competing for same waste oils as road transport; Advanced feedstocks still niche despite policy support -- EU and US waste oil imports have surged twentyfold since 2020, intensifying pressure

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Net Zero Set for Ratification: Maritime World Waits as IMO Prepares for Net-Zero Decision

(Project Cargo Journal) The global shipping industry is on tenterhooks as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) prepares to finalize its landmark Net-Zero Framework (NZF) at an extraordinary meeting. Designed guide shipping toward net-zero emissions by 2050, the IMO’s could reshape fuel choices,

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What You Should Know about the EPA’s Plan to Stop Collecting Emissions Data Public Comment DEADLINE November 3, 2025

by Jim Giles (Trellis) Ending the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program risks undermining life-cycle assessments, carbon removal investment and international trade. Nov. 3 is the deadline for those wishing to weigh in.  The federal program is a foundational component of corporate sustainability work,

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EU Parliament Plans to Cut Back Sustainability Law Further

by Kate Abnett (Reuters) Lawmaker groups agree to further weaken corporate sustainability law; Deal would apply law to firms with at least 5,000 employees, 1.5 billion euros turnover; Socialists compromise to avoid 'worse' deal with far-right lawmakers Lawmaker groups holding a majority in the

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Biomethane as a Maritime Fuel

(World Biogas Association) Biomethane represents a practical, scalable and immediate pathway for some parts of maritime decarbonisation. As a renewable, low-carbon fuel, biomethane can leverage existing liquefied natural gas (LNG) infrastructure and vessels, enabling rapid adoption while aligning with International Maritime

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Iowa Awards $1.8 Million to Expand Access to Biofuels

(Iowa's News Now)  The state is investing nearly $1.9 million to expand access to cleaner and cheaper biofuels across Iowa. The Iowa Renewable Fuels Infrastructure Program (RFIP) Board recently approved 48 new grants to help fuel stations add or upgrade equipment for

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Q&A: How Countries Are Using Biofuels to Meet Their Climate Targets

(Carbon Brief) From canola farmers in Canada to car owners in India, biofuels have become the subject of everyday debate across the world. Liquid biofuels feature heavily in the climate plans of many countries, as governments prioritise domestic energy security amid geopolitical challenges, while looking to meet

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Green Fuel Regs for Ocean Shipping Offer Hope for Struggling U.S. Ag Sector

by Philip Brasher (Agri-Pulse) Over the objections of the Trump administration, an international body that regulates ocean shipping is preparing to finalize a cap-and-trade system for reducing greenhouse gas emissions that offers a potential new market for biofuels made from agricultural feedstocks.

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Trucking Industry Scores Major Environmental Wins in Summer 2025

(American Trucking Associations) This summer marked a turning point for the trucking industry’s role in America’s environmental future. After years of battling misguided, top-down mandates from California regulators, common sense prevailed, freeing fleets, manufacturers, and drivers to pursue real, sustainable progress

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EU Imports of UCO-Based Biodiesel Remain High Despite Punitive Tariffs

(UFOP/Biobased Diesel Daily) ... Since February, the EU-27 has imposed duties on biodiesel imports from China, ranging from 10 percent to 35.6 percent, depending on the feedstock. Nevertheless, pressure from Chinese imports remains strong. According to Eurostat, imports of methyl-ester biodiesel made from used

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Brazil May Not Introduce 16% Biodiesel Mix into Diesel on Deadline, Official Says

by Roberto Samora  (Reuters/WHTC) Brazil may not be able to raise the mandatory biodiesel mix in diesel to 16% from 15% within a government-set deadline of March 2026, an official from the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy said on Monday. Marlon Arraes,

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A ‘Green’ Perception of CO2 – When Derived from Biofuels and Other Sources

by Sam A. Rushing (Advanced Cryogenics, Ltd./The Digest)  Yes, carbon dioxide as a green chemical – however, what about the effects on the environment and economy? Carbon dioxide is ever – more a green – natured agent when applied in a growing

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What Portland’s 50% Renewable Fuel Blend Mandate Means for the Fuel Market in 2026

by Jordan Godwin (OPIS Insights) ... Under the city’s Renewable Fuel Standard, the minimum blend requirement for renewable diesel is set to increase from today’s 15% to 50% in 2026. This ambitious policy aims to accelerate decarbonization in the transportation sector

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Ethanol Mix Gasoline: Mileage and Engine Impact

(Autoini) Explore ethanol fuel blends and their effects on engines, efficiency, and global adoption. --  Ethanol mix gasoline is becoming more common worldwide as countries aim to cut emissions and reduce oil dependence. Blended fuels such as E5, E10, E20, and E85 are already widely

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Trump Set to Cancel West Coast Hydrogen Hubs Amid Shutdown Fight

(Bloomberg/Financial Post) The Trump administration is planning to cancel billions of dollars earmarked for hydrogen projects in California and the Pacific Northwest as part of its first tranche of funding cuts following the government shutdown, according to an administration official. READ

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RED III Passes Dutch Parliament, Reassuring Biofuels Traders of Timely Transposition into Law

by Olly Wroe and Suzanna Hayek (S&P Global)   Tweede Kamer adopts notable amendments; 'Jan. 1 implementation probable': sources; Initial market reaction is limited -- The Dutch House of Representatives, or Tweede Kamer, voted to implement the EU's Renewable Energy Directive, or RED III,

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Offers Lifeline to Ethanol, Researchers Say

by Corbin Hiar (E&E News Climatewire)  The U.S. must implement new policies to kick-start production of bio-based jet fuel, according to a paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research. -- A new paper offers a policy road map for expanding U.S.

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Hardeep Puri Holds Talks with Brazilian Officials on Biofuels, Energy Transition, and Investments

(ANI/Financial Express) Puri, on Saturday, said that both parties discussed Indian investment in oil and gas sector in Brazil. -- Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Hardeep Singh Puri held talks with Special Advisor to the President of Brazil Celso Luis Nunes Amorim and

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Ammonia as a Marine Fuel: Prospects and Challenges

(DNV)  Ammonia is gaining traction as a marine fuel, backed by regulatory progress, engine innovation and early fleet adoption. Due to high costs and infrastructure gaps, shipowners are advised to plan strategically when choosing the right future fuel. How far and

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The Fast-Breaking, Full-Court Pressing, Outside-Shooting Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...  Rotterdam’s three cancelled projects weren’t just bad luck — they were dinosaurs lumbering in a league that has gone small-ball. The Rotterdam Regulars vs the Brussels Bureaucrats has given way to a new style of

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Bizav Leadership on Sustainable Fuels in View as ICAO Triennial Considers Proposals to Boost SAF Production

(Climbing. Fast.) The promise of a new era in which aircraft are powered increasingly by carbon-cutting fuels is in focus as government leaders from around the world convene this week for a preeminent global industry policy setting meeting, and business aviation

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Smartenergy Secures Long-Term e-SAF Offtake Deal with Q8 Aviation

(Global e-Fuels)  Smartenergy Group AG has signed a strategic partnership with Q8 Aviation, the international aviation arm of Kuwait Petroleum International, to advance the production and use of synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF). The agreement makes Q8 Aviation a cornerstone offtake

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Bringing Bio-Based into Green Public Procurement: Lessons from Catalonia and Zeeland

(Bioregions) Public procurement is one of the most powerful tools governments have to shape markets and accelerate change. By integrating bio-based thinking into existing green public procurement (GPP) frameworks, public authorities can directly support climate goals, strengthen regional economies, and cut

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Cacophony to Symphony: Successfully Scaling Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(PA Consulting)  Two decades on from the first SAF flight, no other technology or pathway is as ready or scalable. Yet the gap between ambition and achievement is striking. While a small number of players are making substantial commitments and significant

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Energy Dept. Adds ‘Climate Change’ and ‘Emissions’ to Banned Words List

by Zack Coleman (Policito Pro) It is the latest in a series of Trump administration efforts to dispute, silence or downplay climate change. The Energy Department has added “climate change,” “green” and “decarbonization” to its growing “list of words to avoid” at

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Indonesia: Palm Oil Sellers Fear New Barriers after EU Deal

by Fika Ramadhani  (Deutsche Welle) After nearly a decade of negotiations between Jakarta and Brussels, a new free trade pact will let Indonesia sell its palm oil in the EU with zero tariffs. But other obstacles are looming. -- The European Union

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APOA, CPOPC to Build a Stable and Sustainable Palm Oil Supply Chain

(Deccan Chronicle) The Asian Palm Oil Alliance (APOA), the Council of Palm Oil Producing Countries (CPOPC), and Solidaridad Network Asia Limited (SNAL), embark on a structured programme to align national sustainability standards, improve traceability and support smallholders across the region. APOA, the

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Chances of US Passing a Carbon Border Tariff Law are ‘Non-Trivial,’ Dem. Senator Says

by Lamar Johnson (ESG Dive) Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I., and Bill Cassidy, R-La., have each introduced bills to implement a carbon border adjustment mechanism for the U.S., mirroring similar initiatives abroad. While the trade deal between the U.S. and European Union contained

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Saaremaa Shipyard Building Biofuel-Electric Vessel for Estonian State Fleet

by Margus Muld (ERR.EE)  Baltic Workboats' Saaremaa shipyard is building a 38-meter vessel for Estonia's state fleet that will run on biofuel and electricity, due next spring. The steel hull arrived from Poland this week. Once completed, the workboat will be used for waterway

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Gasum and Preem Enter Strategic Partnership – Enables Preem Cardholders to Refuel with Biogas at Gasum Stations

(Gasum)  During the summer, Gasum and Preem signed a strategic cooperation agreement that enables Preem's corporate customers to refuel liquid and compressed biogas at Gasum stations in Sweden. On top of the environmental benefits, all transactions will be consolidated into a

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The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Lowering Barriers for Maritime Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Green Corridors as key demonstration platforms for maritime biofuel adoption. New MARPOL Annex VI will mandate GHG intensity reductions and economic incentives. DNV’s scenario projects bio-methanol and bio-MGO dominance. Maersk has invested $100M in a green

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Five Ways to Spur Global Growth in Renewable Ethanol

by David Carpintero (ePURE/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... While economic and political uncertainty seem to have become the new normal on the global stage, there are still some ways that ethanol producers everywhere could take advantage of opportunities created by the right

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The Overlooked Step to Max Out Your 45Z Credit

by Danielle Anderson (Christianson/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Renewable fuel producers are eager to claim the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit, but one powerful opportunity often flies under the radar—offsetting a facility’s electricity emissions through Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs).  As one of the most

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Driving Maritime Decarbonisation: A Conversation with Greg Atkinson of Eco Marine Power

by Shahjahan Ahmed (SeaNews) Eco Marine Power’s Greg Atkinson discusses the evolution of the Aquarius MRE and EnergySail, solar trials, and partnerships driving practical, commercially viable maritime decarbonisation. -- Eco Marine Power (EMP) is a Japan-based technology company pioneering renewable energy solutions for

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Biofuels and India’s Energy Transition: How Government Policies and Industry Innovators are Driving Sustainability

by  Kishan Karunakaran (Chemical Industry Digest) Biofuels are emerging as a key driver of India’s energy transition, supported by strong policies and industry innovation. By converting waste into clean energy, they enhance energy security, reduce emissions, boost rural incomes, and promote sustainable

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BP Postpones Oil Demand Peak Prediction to 2030 from 2025

by Stephanie Kelly and Shadia Nasralla (Reuters/MSN)  BP said on Thursday (September 25, 2025) it expects global oil demand to grow until 2030, five years later than its forecast a year ago, stressing slowed efforts to increase energy efficiency. The oil

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The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Global Regulatory Framework and Policies for International Shipping

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The 2023 IMO GHG Strategy aims for net-zero emissions from international shipping by or around 2050, targeting 20% GHG reduction by 2030 (striving for 30%) and 70% by 2040 (striving for 80%). A mandatory GHG emissions

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Flex Engines Gaining Traction in India with Ethanol Push: IFGE Chief

by Kaushal Verma (ANI News) Flex engines are gaining a foothold in India, backed by the  country's growing ethanol blending programme and other biofuel initiatives, Pramod Chaudhari, President of the Indian Federation of Green Energy, said on Wednesday. ... Flex engines, or flex-fuel engines, are

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ABP-Backed Green Methanol Project Wins Clean Maritime Demonstration Competition

(Associated British Ports) To mark London International Shipping Week (LISW), Associated British Ports (ABP), the largest port operator in the UK, is celebrating the success of ‘TURBO-METH’, a clean technology project, which has secured funding as part of the Department for

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Amogy’s Ammonia Gambit and the Same Old Song of Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...  But only now, with companies like Amogy, are we cracking its hidden hydrogen to fuel ships, trucks, and maybe even data centers. Could this smelly old industrial standby be the fresh track that breaks us out

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New Mexico Regulator Launches Hearing on State's Proposed Clean Fuels Program

by Alaina Mencinger (Santa Fe New Mexican)  A state regulatory body kicked off a lengthy hearing Monday on a proposed clean fuel program that would create a system of credits to incentivize the development and use of less carbon-intensive fuels. The Environmental Improvement

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Green Plains Enters into Agreement with Freepoint Commodities to Monetize 45Z Tax Credits

(Green Plains/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Green Plains Inc. on Sept. 17 announced that it has entered into an agreement with an affiliate of Freepoint Commodities LLC to sell Clean Fuel Production Credits, also known as 45Z tax credits, generated in 2025 under

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Catagen Launches Sustainable Aviation Fuel Company

(Catagen/Biobased Diesel Daily) Catagen, a Belfast-based clean-energy engineering company, announced Sept. 17 that it has officially launched ClimaHtech Green Flight at its Titanic Quarter Campus. CGF, a wholly owned subsidiary of Catagen, will use patented modular-reactor technology to produce sustainable aviation fuel

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EU Allocates €100m-Worth of ETS Allowances to Help Airlines Buy Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(European Commission) On 12 September 2025, the Commission adopted a Decision on the allocation of EU ETS emission allowances to airlines for the use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) in 2024. This follows calculations by Member States’ authorities for commercial airlines, and marks

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Brazil’s Government Opens Public-Comment Period on RenovaBio’s Emissions-Reduction Targets Public Comment DEADLINE October 26, 2025

(Brazil's Ministry of Mines and Energy/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Brazil’s Ministry of Mines and Energy opened a public-comment period Sept. 11, public consultation No. 197, which addresses the eighth cycle of annual decarbonization targets of the National Biofuels Policy (RenovaBio). The period runs

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Neste’s Renewable Diesel Journey: From Visionary Beginnings towards a More Sustainable Future

(Neste) What began as an innovative idea in the 1990s has grown into a global success story. Lars Peter Lindfors, Senior Vice President, Technology & Innovation at Neste, revisits the key milestones of this journey, reflecting on the pioneering spirit that

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Fortescue Takes Green Pioneer to New York

(Fortescue) The Fortescue Green Pioneer has sailed into New York for Climate Week NYC, the world’s largest annual climate event. -- The 75m dual fuel ammonia-powered vessel is docked on Manhattan’s Lower East Side, marking the latest stop on its 2025 global

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September Symbolism: Harvesting Change and New Beginnings

by Allen Schaefer (Engine Technology Forum)  ...  The rapid pivot of 2025 politics has brought more announcements of investments in internal combustion engines and manufacturing capability in the U.S. and calls for extensions of elimination of future bans on ICE in

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EU to Delay Anti-Deforestation Law by Another Year

by Kate Abnett and Makini Brice (Reuters) EU delays law again, citing IT system concerns; U.S. and other major trade partners have opposed the law; Law aims to curb global deforestation linked to EU consumption; Environmental campaigners criticise delay The European Union will delay launching

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APPA Biofuels Calls for Substantial Changes to the Draft Royal Decree on Renewable Fuels to Bring It into Compliance with EU Regulations.

(The Association of Renewable Energy Companies (APPA) (Google Translation))   APPA Biocarburantes considers that the draft Royal Decree on renewable fuels in transport presented by MITECO last July, which is currently being processed, requires substantial changes to adequately transpose the provisions on

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How POET’s Practical Innovations Are Redefining the Ethanol Market

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Along the fence, voices heckled. Your carbon is lousy. Your productivity is low. Your century is over. The tortoise kept moving—one more interconnect, one more offtake, one more FEED package priced off policy that finally stops wobbling. By

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The International Organization for Standardization and Greenhouse Gas Protocol Will Align Guidelines for Corporate Disclosure on Emissions.

by Heather Clancy (Trellis) Key Takeaways: -ISO and GHG Protocol say their collaboration won’t apply to existing standards.  -The work is expected to take at least 18 months.   -One big goal: closer alignment on how to discuss progress toward net zero.  The

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BIMCO: 53% of Container Ships on Order Can Use Alternative Fuels

(Safety4Sea) In this week’s “Shipping Number of the Week” from BIMCO, Chief Shipping Analyst, Niels Rasmussen, looks at the number of container ships on order which will be able to use alternative fuels directly upon delivery. -- According to Niels Rasmussen,

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Leveraging Ethanol’s Versatility in the Marine Sector

(U.S. Grains and Bioproducts Council)  Shipping’s energy transition now runs on firm timelines and audited lifecycle emissions accounting. The International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) updated greenhouse-gas strategy sets a net-zero ambition “by or around 2050,” with waypoints for 2030 and 2040 and

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UK CBAM — The UK’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

(UABIO) The UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (UK CBAM) will be launched on 1 January 2027. This will ensure that imported carbon-intensive industrial goods are charged a comparable price for their carbon emissions to that which would be paid for similar

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State of the Biogas Industry in 12 Countries: Review of the Report by IEA Bioenergy

(Sustainable Agribusiness Forum) At the end of last year, IEA Bioenergy developed a report on biogas and biomethane production, the use of biogas and other anaerobic digestion products, political and financial conditions, as well as innovative projects in the member countries of the

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Maryland Department of the Environment Files Notice of Proposed Action to Amend Advanced Clean Trucks Program.

(Maryland Department of the Environment) The purpose of this action is to adjust language which clarifies compliance determinations and sales reporting requirements for vehicle manufacturers and add an additional certification pathway for medium-duty zero-emission vehicles. This will result in increased time

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Notice of Proposed Action Was Printed in the Maryland Register for MDE’s Maryland Heating Fuel Provider Reporting Program Public Comment DEADLINE October 21, 2025

Today, a Notice of Proposed Action was printed in the Maryland Register for MDE’s Maryland Heating Fuel Provider Reporting Program. Heating fuel providers include companies that deliver natural gas, fuel oil, propane, kerosene, coal, and other heating fuels, including biofuels, for

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Environmental Groups Urge IMO to Block High-Risk Biofuels in Shipping’s Net Zero Framework

by Mike Schuler (G Captain) Leading environmental organizations have submitted a joint proposal to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) calling for measures to prevent the shipping industry’s expansion into crop-based biofuels that could threaten climate goals, natural ecosystems, and food security. Pacific

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All International Flights to Be Biofuel-Powered in S. Korea Starting 2027

(KBS World) Starting in 2027, sustainable aviation fuel(SAF) will power all international passenger planes in South Korea as the nation seeks to lead efforts to achieve carbon neutrality in the aviation industry. A road map the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

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Argentine 2025 Biodiesel Production among Lowest on Record

(Oils & Fats International)  Argentina’s biodiesel production in 2025 is expected to be the lowest volume on record at 1.2bn litres, a drop of 7% compared to the previous year, according to a US Department of Agriculture (USDA) report. With domestic consumption

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Aloha SAF or Mahalo for the Money?: Hawaiʻi at the Crossroads of Aviation’s Future

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ...  By 1958, when the first commercial jets touched down at Honolulu, Hawaiʻi was no longer faraway paradise but weekend escape. Tourism boomed, jobs multiplied, and with them came dependence: on imported oil, on air routes

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National Academies Publish New Report Reviewing Evidence for Greenhouse Gas Emissions and U.S. Climate, Health, and Welfare

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine)  A new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine says the evidence for current and future harm to human health and welfare created by human-caused greenhouse gases is beyond scientific dispute. The report focuses

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Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice CORCs (CO2 Removal Certificates) cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and 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Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia 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poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines 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Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple 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fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene 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