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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Aequor

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation deck is an overview for Aequor, a company specializing in innovative solutions to address challenges in the burgeoning field of algae biofuels. Aequor’s core product is a natural, non-toxic chemical that overcomes several key

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Gulfstream Completes Emissions Testing of Sustainable Aviation Fuel with Zero Sulfur

(Aviation Pros) Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. announced its successful completion of ground emissions testing of 100% neat sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) containing zero sulfur on the all-new Gulfstream G700. Powered by Rolls-Royce Pearl 700 engines, the G700 ground emissions test was conducted

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Ampaire to Flight Test 100% SAF In Hybrid-Electric Caravan

by Graham Warwick (Aviation Week Network) Electrified propulsion developer Ampaire is preparing to conduct flight tests of its Eco Caravan, a modified Cessna Grand Caravan retrofitted with a hybrid-electric powertrain, on 100% sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Ground tests with 100% SAF produced

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On the Ground in Colorado, NREL Is Simulating Sustainable Aviation Fuel Combustion during Flight

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Laboratory Supports Industry in Fine-Tuning Sustainable Aviation Fuel Chemistry Ahead of Seeking Approval for Widespread Airplane Use -- ... But changes are coming for jet fuel, and the aviation industry is actively inviting

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Co Derry Jobs Boost Announced by Biofuel Firm Working with NASA

by Shauna Corr (Belfast Live)  They plan to make sustainable fuel from landfill waste at a new Northern Ireland plant -- A biofuel company working with NASA has announced plans to open a £9 million Co Derry plant on a landfill site creating

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Aequor and Anti Biofilm, Anti-Fouling Technologes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Aequor’s natural chemicals uniquely kill a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens at all stages of growth – including biofilm (the first and often only resistance response of microorganisms). This is significant because every antimicrobial-resistant

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Boeing, NASA, United Airlines to Test SAF Benefits with Air-to-Air Flights

(Boeing)  Boeing ecoDemonstrator Explorer, a 737-10 for United Airlines, will fly on SAF, trailed by NASA's DC-8 Airborne Science Lab measuring non-CO2 emissions; - Studying how SAF can reduce soot and impact contrails; - Supported by FAA, GE Aerospace, German Aerospace Center (DLR),

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Biden Broadens Use of Social Cost of Carbon

by Jean Chemnick  (E&E News Climatewire)  The Biden administration announced plans Thursday to consider climate costs in a much broader swath of government policies and decisions than ever before — including how the federal government wields its massive buying power. The social

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Ag Policy Blog: USDA Unveils $300M Greenhouse Gas Measurement, Monitoring Plan

by Jerry Hagstrom (DTN Progressive Farmer) Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack will announce Wednesday that USDA will spend $300 million to improve measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration in climate-smart agriculture and forestry. The money will come from

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Sustainability in the Air Podcast

by Christy Sarkis (SimpliFlying) Gregory Constantine, Co-Founder and CEO of Air Company in Conversation with Shashank Nigam -- Welcome to Season 3 of Sustainability in the Air, the world’s first podcast dedicated to sustainable aviation. Through in-depth conversations with top aviation leaders,

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AIR COMPANY Awarded Additional NASA Funding to Continue Its Research & Development of Kerosene-Based Rocket Fuel

(AIR COMPANY/SpaceRef)  AIR COMPANY, the world’s leading carbon technology and climate innovation company, has seen its collaboration with NASA further strengthened with direct funding through a NASA Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) award. With this funding, AIR COMPANY will make integral strides

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NASA, Boeing Gather Data to Aid SAF Adoption

by David Meade (NASA Langley Research Center/Biobased Diesel Daily) Scientists from NASA and Boeing recently met near Seattle to test whether an aircraft with engines burning different blends of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) produced fewer soot particles than traditional jet fuel. In

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NASA-Backed Program to Trial Ammonia as Alternative Jet Engine Fuel

by Linnea Ahlgren (Simple Flying) A five-year research program will use chemical kinetics simulation software from Ansys to see how the gas would behave powering an aircraft.  --   While biofuels, Power-to-Liquids, and hydrogen have long been touted as the alternative

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bluShift Conducts First Biofuel Rocket Engine Test

(Aerospace Testing International) aine, USA-based rocket developer bluShift has performed the first full-scale test of its hybrid, biofuel rocket engine. As shown in the video ..., the test of the Modular Adaptable Rocket Engine for Vehicle Launch (MAREVL 2.0)  fired the

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Biden Urges Net-Zero Aviation by 2050 in Huge Leap Beyond Cars

by Keith Laing (Bloomberg/Financial Post)  President Joe Biden’s administration is targeting one of the tougher sources of climate-warming greenhouse gases with a plan that calls for the U.S. aviation sector to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. Aviation has been more challenging to

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Fact Sheet: Biden Administration Advances the Future of Sustainable Fuels in American Aviation

(White House) New Actions Aim to Produce Three Billion Gallons of Sustainable Fuel, Reduce Aviation Emissions by 20% by 2030, and Grow Good-Paying, Union Jobs  --  Today (September 9, 2021), President Biden is taking steps to coordinate leadership and innovation across

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NASA Awards $750,000 in Competition to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Sugar

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)  On Earth, plants and ocean microbes use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide, or CO2, into sugars for energy. Humans don't have that ability, at least not yet. On Mars, there aren’t plants and oceans, but there is

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Technology for Space Exploration: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Space Biotech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  To space, what will we take? In space, what will we make? What are the technologies under development to create fuels, foods, materials, health, protection and new science in space, and for space exploration? With

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NASA-DLR Study Finds Sustainable Aviation Fuel Can Reduce Contrails

(NASA/PR Newswire) Cleaner-burning jet fuels made from sustainable sources can produce 50%-70% fewer ice crystal contrails at cruising altitude, reducing aviation's impact on the environment, according to research conducted by NASA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Ice crystal contrail formations can linger in

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After COVID: A Lower Carbon Future for Commercial Aviation

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  Briefing Series: By Air, Land, and Sea: Navigating the Climate Future  -- The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) held a briefing series on climate mitigation and adaptation in the transportation sector. The series covered ports, aviation, and public transit. As

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Can We Get to Space without Damaging the Earth through Huge Carbon Emissions?

by David Verbeek and Helene Fouquet (Bloomberg/Los Angeles Times)  When a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket blasts off on a plume of white smoke, hot gases shoot out of its 27 engines, creating a thrust equal to 18 Boeing 747 aircraft. Upon reaching

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Gene Edited Algae and Microbes to Make Fuel on Mars

by Brian Wang (Next BIG Future) NASA NIAC fund work to use bioorganisms to perform atmospheric in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Utilizing 100% ISRU for propellant production, they aim to reduce the Entry Descent Landing (EDL) mass of a crewed mission to Mars

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Alternative Jet Fuels: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to National Jet Fuels Combustion Program

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  National Jet Fuels Combustion Program has a mission to help streamline the fuel approval process and has over 30 instituttions involved in their research and projects including 12 universities, 8 government agencies, 5 OEMs and several

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Firm Claims Breakthrough in Sustainable Diesel Production

(Envirotech Magazine)  New technology could displace billions of litres of fossil fuel annually  --  A new technology that converts biogas into a high-grade liquid fuel that can be used as a direct replacement for fossil fuels is being showcased at Alliance Dairies

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Create the Future Design Contest DEADLINE: July 2, 2018

(NASA Tech Briefs Create the Future) The Create the Future Design Contest was launched in 2002 by the publishers of NASA Tech Briefs magazine to help stimulate and reward engineering innovation. The annual event has attracted more than 14,000 product design ideas

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OMEGA Project Update

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Jonathan Trent, of the OMEGA Global Initiative, explains to a CNBC reporter at the recent Myriad Conference, in Brisbane, Australia, how his efforts to study the possibility of living on Mars paved the way for potential applications

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Impact of Biofuels on Contrail Warming

by Fabio Caiazzo, Akshat Agarwal, Raymond L Speth and Steven R H Barrett (Environmental Research Letters)  Contrails and contrail-cirrus may be the largest source of radiative forcing (RF) attributable to aviation. Biomass-derived alternative jet fuels are a potentially major way to mitigate

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NASA and DLR Investigate the Impact of Aviation on the Climate - Joint Flight Tests on Alternative Fuel Emissions

(German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR)) Three weeks of research flights from Ramstein Air Base; NASA DC-8 and DLR A320 ATRA fly together; The focus is on particle emissions of alternative fuels and their influence on cloud formation from

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Biofuels Could Reduce Contrail Formation, Research Finds

by Sean Broderick (AIN Online) Biofuels offer more than an alternative to hydrocarbons; they also reduce jet-engine particle emissions by as much as 70 percent, research by a NASA-led group suggests. Working with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the National Research

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Massive Government Report Says Climate Is Warming And Humans Are The Cause

by Christopher Joyce (NPR)  It is "extremely likely" that human activities are the "dominant cause" of global warming, according to the most comprehensive study ever of climate science by U.S. government researchers. The climate report, obtained by NPR, notes that the past

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Research Progressing on How to Spur Wide Use of Aviation Biofuels

(Penn State News)  Slowed as much by extremely low oil prices as supply-chain and technological challenges, the effort to integrate biofuels into the nation's aviation fuel supply is nonetheless progressing, according to a researcher in Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences. Sustainable

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Air Canada Takes off with Biofuels Tests

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Canada, Air Canada just revealed its participation in the Civil Aviation Alternate Fuel Contrail and Emissions Research project, a research project led by the National Research Council of Canada to test the environmental benefits

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Climate Change: Biofuels 'Could Limit Jet Contrails'

by Jonathan Amos (BBC)  Some close-quarter flying has provided new insights into aircraft pollution.  --  US space agency-led scientists flew small, instrumented, chase planes directly in the exhaust plume of a big jet to measure the sorts of gases and particles

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NASA-Led Study Confirms that Aviation Biofuels Can Be a Boon for the Environment

by Alan Boyle (GeekWire/Yahoo!)  A NASA-led study demonstrates that airplanes powered by biofuels can emit up to 70 percent less particulate pollution – providing a potential boost for technologies that are being pioneered at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. The study, published today (March 15, 2017)

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The United States of Oil and Gas

by Tim Meko and Laris Karklis (The Washington Post)  There are more than 900,000 active oil and gas wells in the United States, and more than 130,000 have been drilled since 2010, according to Drillinginfo, a company that provides data and

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Biofuels And Jet Travel

by Steven Cohen (Huffington Post/Columbia University’s Earth Institute)   ...    Even though we can provide information and interact via phone, web and video, there is no substitute for humans sitting together and breaking bread. What can we do about

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Climate and Health Impacts of US Emissions Reductions Consistent with 2 °C

by Drew T. Shindell, Yunha Lee & Greg Faluvegi (Nature Climate Change)  An emissions trajectory for the US consistent with 2 °C warming would require marked societal changes, making it crucial to understand the associated benefits. Previous studies have examined technological potentials

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NASA Should Be the Key to the Crucial Development of Large Scale Bio-Jetfuel and Rocket Fuel End-to-End Production

by Robert E. Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  In looking at a way to jump-start this country’s bogged down production of biomass-based jetfuel (Jet-A, JP-5, JP-8) and rocket fuel (RP-1/2), the early history of the US space program should serve as

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E85 & Fleets — It’s Not Rocket Science!

by Robert White (Renewable Fuels Association)  RFA works with many fleets each year to assist them with meeting their federal requirements to purchase alternative fuel vehicles and ultimately use the fuel. Each year thousands of vehicles receive a federal fuel

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Quantifying the Emissions from a Large Ethanol Refinery

(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)  Refining ethanol may release more of some pollutants than burning it in vehicles.    After quantifying the airborne emissions from the nation’s third largest ethanol refinery, a team led by NOAA and University of Colorado–Boulder

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Alaska Airlines, Gevo to Demonstrate Renewable Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel in Upcoming Flight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Alaska Airlines ups the ante in the search for sustainable, affordable jet fuels.  In Colorado, Gevo and Alaska Airlines announced a strategic alliance to purchase Gevo’s renewable jet fuel and fly the first-ever commercial flight on

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Gevo Sells Renewable Jet Fuel to NASA

(Gevo/Biomass Magazine)  Gevo Inc. has announced that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has purchased Gevo's renewable alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ) for aviation use at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Gevo's ATJ is manufactured at its demonstration biorefinery

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Process Converts Human Waste into Rocket Fuel

Brad Buck  (University of Florida)  Buck Rogers surely couldn’t have seen this one coming, but at NASA’s request, University of Florida researchers have figured out how to turn human waste -- yes, that kind -- into rocket fuel. Adolescent jokes aside, the

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To Boldly Go Where No Biomanufacturing Has Gone Before

(Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News)  ... But mass-efficient payloads should be possible, insist researchers at the University of California, provided space explorers make use of nontraditional biological techniques. In particular, these researchers say synthetic biology should give space missions a

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Wobbling on Climate Change

by  Piers J. Sellers (The New York Times)  I’M a climate scientist and a former astronaut. Not surprisingly, I have a deep respect for well-tested theories and facts. In the climate debate, these things have a way of getting blurred

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ACCESS II Confirms Jet Biofuel Burns Cleaner

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Flying high above the California desert, NASA researchers recently took to the skies for the second year in a row with a DC-8 and other aircraft to study the effects on emissions and contrail formation

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New NASA Probe Will Study Earth’s Forests in 3-D

by Elizabeth Zubritsky (NASA)  A laser-based instrument being developed for the International Space Station will provide a unique 3-D view of Earth’s forests, helping to fill in missing information about their role in the carbon cycle. Called the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar, the

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OMEGA System Tests for Marine Animal Durability

(Algae Industry Magazine) Much has been written about the innovative Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) developed by NASA scientists for deployment on water. OMEGA, an integrated aquatic system to produce biofuels, treat and recycle wastewater, capture CO2, and expand aquaculture

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NASA and DLR Research Biofuel-Powered Flights

(Biofuels International)  The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and the Canadian National Research Council (NRC) are researching the use of biofuels in their flights by undertaking a joint testing project under the

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CEC Issues Final Report on OMEGA System

(Algae Industry Magazine)   The California Energy Commission (CEC) has just issued their “final” report on the Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) approach to algae cultivation and wastewater remediation. Outlining the research findings for the multiyear OMEGA project,

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Media Invited to California Briefing, Tour Highlighting Alternative Jet Fuel Research

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/PR NewsWire/Yahoo!News)  An HU-25C jet from NASA's Langley Research Center will be in California next month as part of a flight test to assess biofuel and other jet fuel alternatives. News media representatives are invited to

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NASA Signs Agreement with German, Canadian Partners to Test Alternative Fuels

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration/PRNewsWire)   NASA has signed separate agreements with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) to conduct a series of joint flight tests to study the atmospheric effects of emissions from jet engines burning alternative

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Space, the Biobased Frontier: Hot Biotechnologies for the Big Beyond

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Next-gen biofuels technologies may be key to making the International Space Station cost effective — not to mention, other destinations in the NASA agenda.  Which may explain why a high-tech algae outfit, Evodos, is advertising

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'Zero-Gravity' Fire Experiment To Test How Biofuels Burn With Help Of NASA's 'Vomit Comet'

by Rod Pyle (Huffington Post)  A team of university students is counting down toward the ultimate science ride, a weightless flight aboard a modified NASA jet to see just how certain fires burn in zero gravity. The experiment, led by engineering

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NASA Measures Effects of Biofuel on Jet Engines, Environment

by Brock Vergakis  (Associated Press/The Washington Post) NASA researchers said Thursday that test flights conducted in California have shown a commercial jet could fly safely with a blend of jet fuel that includes a plant oil. Scientists at NASA’s Langley Research center

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NASA Project Seeks to Assess Biofuel Environmental Performance at Altitude and Impact on Contrails Formation

(GreenAirOnline)  A team of NASA researchers has begun a programme of flight tests that will compare the environmental impacts from emissions and contrails of a blended fuel containing 50 per cent biofuel against those from conventional jet fuel. The project,

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NASA Begins Flight Research Campaign Using Alternate Jet Fuel

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)   NASA researchers have begun a series of flights using the agency's DC-8 flying laboratory to study the effects of alternate biofuel on engine performance, emissions and aircraft-generated contrails at altitude. The Alternative Fuel Effects on Contrails

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NASA-Rooted Biofuel Project Aims for Shores of Mobile Bay

by Marc D. Anderson (AL.com)  A company using NASA-licensed technology is looking at a small patch of bayfront property to launch what one day could be a revolutionary wastewater-treating and biofuel-creating endeavor. Since 2009, Algae Systems LLC of Carson City, Nev.,

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Grow Your Own Energy: A NASA-Backed Experiment Harvests Algae for Oil, Releases Fresh Water

by Jonathan Trent (Slate)  ...Algae are single-celled organisms that thrive globally in aqueous environments and convert CO2 into carbohydrates, protein, and natural oils. For some species, as much as 70 percent of their dry weight is made up of natural oils.

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Using Halophytes to Grow Fuel

(NextBigFuture.com)  Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants that are found throughout the world. Halophytes can be used to grow both fuel and food, and a NASA facility is attempting to use halophytes for large-scale fuel production. The aim is to create aviation-grade biofuels

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Professor Sees Green Energy in Termite Guts

By Bob Silberg (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/R&D Magazine)  If you’ve had to deal with termites in your house, you probably hate their guts. But not Jared Leadbetter. He loves termites, especially their guts! "It turns out termites do something we'd like

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NASA’s Astrobiology Research Sparks 'GreenTech' Revolution

by Ruth Marlaire (NASA)  ...A few years ago, Ames Exobiology scientists formed the Algae for Exploration (ALEX) group, which studies various types of lipids produced by different algal species under specific conditions, and started applying this research to new technologies.

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A Big Bang for Algae: South Dakota State University Researchers Develop an Algae Production System for Use in Space … and on Earth

by Erin Voegele (Biorefining Magazine)  Single cell photosynthetic organisms, such as blue-green algae, could play an important role in the future of our nation’s space program. Not only could they be used to supply valuable oxygen to fuel life-support systems,

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Powered by Seaweed: Polymer from Algae May Improve Battery Performance

(Clemson)  By looking to Mother Nature for solutions, researchers have identified a promising new binder material for lithium-ion battery electrodes that not only could boost energy storage, but also eliminate the use of toxic compounds now used to manufacture the

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A.I.M. Interview: NASA's OMEGA Scientist Dr. Jonathan Trent

(Algae Industry Magazine)  NASA scientist – the inventor, heart, and soul of the OMEGA system (Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae) – Dr. Jonathan Trent received his PhD in biological oceanography at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He went on to

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South Dakota Research Project Could Help Colonize Space

(NewsWise/South Dakota State University)   Humans may move one step closer to colonizing space thanks to a new research project that NASA is funding at South Dakota State University, the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and Oglala Lakota College. The

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A.I.M. Interview: NASA Ame's Dr. Leslie Bebout

by David Schwartz  (Algae Industry Magazine)  ...Dr. Leslie Bebout (who goes by “Lee”) heads the team of microbial ecologists at NASA’s Moffett Field, CA-based research facility, though much of their work is done in far away places like salt marshes,

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NASA Awards $16.5 Million towards Research into Green Technologies for Aircraft Entering Service after 2030

(GreenAirOnline)  Four industry and academic teams have been awarded contracts by NASA to continue research on technologies that could enable aircraft entering service between 2030 and 2035 to further reduce fuel consumption, emissions and noise. In NASA-speak, this time period

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Chicken Fat Studied by NASA as Eco-friendly Jet Fuel

by Michael Finneran   (Yahoo! News/PR NewsWire)  In an RV nicknamed after an urban assault vehicle, scientists from NASA's Langley Research Center traveled cross-country this month for an experiment with eco-friendly jet fuel. The Langley team drove 2,600 miles (4,184 km)

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NASA Looks at Plant Biomass as New Source of Biofuel in Space

by Lisa Sibley(Cleantech Group)    NASA research scientist Chad Paavola has a problem to solve: When astronauts leave the earth for long periods of time, they’re going to need to produce plants for food and the air they breathe. Some of the crops

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NASA Studies Cellulose For Food And Biofuel Production

For long-duration space missions, astronauts someday will grow plants for food and the air they breathe, while transforming inedible parts of the plants into useful resources, such as biofuels, food, and chemicals.   Today, scientists at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett

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Making the Desert Bloom - with Fuel-Yielding Plants, Halophytes

A NASA scientist is confident that within five years commercial aircraft could be powered using a type of biofuel derived from saltwater plants, or halophytes, grown in desert areas and irrigated using sea water. While the concept may sound far-fetched,

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emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security 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drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric 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(FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum 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High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy 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