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Big Oil Sees Brazil Becoming Major Global Hub for Clean Jet Fuel

by Dayanne Sousa and Clarice Couto (BNN Bloomberg)   A global push to decarbonize air travel has groups from Big Oil to sovereign wealth funds betting on Brazil to become a top global center for green jet fuel. Brazil is becoming a magnet

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Decarbonizing Maritime Transport: Pricing EU ETS Compliance and the Role of Methanol as a Future Fuel

(OPIS) The global push toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions is reshaping industries at an unprecedented rate. The shipping sector is facing significant regulatory changes with the expansion of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) to include maritime transport starting

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California’s Proposed LCFS Cap on Soy, Canola Biofuels ‘Far Worse than Anticipated’ Public Comment DEADLINE August 27, 2024

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  California Air Resources Board published proposed amendments Aug. 12 to the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which, if implemented, would set stricter carbon-intensity (CI) targets, impose significant limitations on vegetable-oil feedstocks and add new sustainability

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The Bioeconomy Risk Indexes Launched by The Daily Digest and Digest Data

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, Digest Data launched the BRISKIs, the Bioeconomy Risk Indexes, tracking risk for 30 bioeconomy fuels and chemical molecules, and 60 feedstocks. They are free, and here. The purpose The BRISKIs offer insight for decision makers, at a time

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Feedstocks and Agriculture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced in the transition to sustainable, available, reliable, affordable feedsocks. We look at the crops getting traction, new crops developing, the role of residues, new data from the Billion

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1968: Are We Back There Again? Can the Bioeconomy Help?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... A bigger and more worthy task, equal in impact to the Apollo moon shot, is to de-risk industrial biotechnology investments and de-carbonize agriculture. Those are not drops in the ocean, they are each of them,

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Visualized: The Price of Carbon Around the World

(Motive-Power) ... Only 1% of global emissions are priced high enough to meet the Paris Agreement’s temperature target in 2024. This chart, created in partnership with the National Public Utilities Council, shows carbon prices around the world using data from the World Bank. Let’s start

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Commentary: Airline Industry Faces Carbon Credit Shortage in Net-Zero Push

by Tatiana Feuerhahn ( Valitera/GreenAir)  A lack of direction from governments worldwide, specifically in relation to the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), has left potential buyers in the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) in the dark, with many choosing

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Models on the Runway: Is SAF Ready for Take-off?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... So, at EUBCE, you ask, what is the buzz on the floor? To paraphrase Monty Python:, it is SAF, SAF, SAF, SAF, carbon price on chemicals, eSAF, SAF, SAF and eSAF. So many people had so many

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Aemetis Biogas Reaches Milestone of Operating Dairy Digesters Producing More Than 300,000 MMBtu Per Year of Renewable Natural Gas

(Aemetis) Additional Digester Construction Planned to Increase Production Rate over 150% to 800,000 MMBtu Per Year by Q3 2025 --  Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a renewable natural gas and renewable fuels company focused on low and negative carbon intensity products, today announced that

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Argus Guide to the EU CBAM Regulation

(Argus Media) The Argus Guide to EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is extremely timely and insightful. It explains what CBAM is, how it will work, the timeline and what it means for the fertilizer sector in Europe and abroad. Key

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Carbon Markets Proliferate Worldwide — Report

by Anne C. Mulkern (Politico Pro Climatewire) Three dozen emissions trading systems are now operating worldwide, raising $74 billion in revenue last year. -- Washington state's carbon market was one of five new or heavily revised systems to launch in 2023, adding

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Sustainable Shipping Fuels Can Reach Cost Parity with Fossil Fuels by 2035 with Decisive Policy, Says New Wärtsilä Report

(Wärtsilä)  New Wärtsilä analysis shows EU ETS and FuelEU Maritime will close price gap, creating policy blueprint to accelerate the global transition to sustainable fuels Sustainable shipping fuels could reach cost parity with fossil fuels as early as 2035 with the help

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Bears, Cars and Angry Farmers Fuel Green Backlash

by Karl Mathiesen, Nicolas Camut, Zia Weise, Charlie Cooper and Louise Guillot (Politico) A 28-country guide to how climate policies are splitting Europe. -- And Green parties are taking the hit — polling shows they will face deep electoral pain when EU citizens

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Stop Arguing and Cut Emissions

by M. Granger Morgan and Jay Apt (Science Magazine)  ... Renewables have made good progress in the US but still produce only 21% of electric power. Arguments that the US should ban all electricity that is not made by wind or solar,

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USDA Investing $25 Million in ACE-led Project to Incentivize, Model, and Monetize Climate-Smart Ag Practices in a 10-State Region

(American Coalition for Ethanol) The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) recently approved a $25 million investment in the American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE)-led Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) expansion that builds on the successful South

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Delivering Net-Zero Shipping by 2050: Introducing the Green Balance Mechanism

(World Shipping Council)  The global shipping regulator, the UN International Maritime Organisation, has set a target of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 for the industry, and now needs to develop climate regulations by 2025 that make it possible to reach that

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Delivering Net Zero by 2050: The Cornerstones of Effective IMO Climate Regulations

(World Shipping Council/Biobased Diesel Daily) To deliver on the goal of net-zero emissions for shipping by 2050, the International Maritime Organization’s greenhouse-gas (GHG) regulations must rest on solid foundations. Liner shipping is committed to decarbonizing quickly and efficiently, and to support this

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Countries, Companies Signal Support for Energy Transition Accelerator

(Rockefeller Foundation/PR Newswire) Today (December 3, 2023) at COP28, the United Nations Climate Change Conference, the U.S. Department of State, the Bezos Earth Fund, and The Rockefeller Foundation presented the core framework of the Energy Transition Accelerator (ETA), an innovative carbon finance

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Hydrogen: A Fuel Carrier for Heavy-Duty Commercial Land, Maritime and Aviation Vehicles, and Energy Storage

by Buff Lopez (Cleantech Group) ... Increased penetration of low-carbon hydrogen could play a significant role in industrial grid-load shifting and heavy-industry decarbonization. Low-carbon hydrogen (hydrogen with up to 80% carbon emissions reduction) could displace 94 Mt of grey hydrogen currently

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Thrive in Five: How Will the Market Incorporate Carbon?

by Deb Ryan (S&P Global)  Join Deb Ryan, Head of Strategic Commodities within the Centre of Emissions Excellence at S&P Global Commodity Insights as she discusses how will the market incorporate carbon? Deb explains that we are trying to answer 2 major questions. Will someone pay a premium for

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Mapped: Carbon Pricing Initiatives around the World

(Transport Energy Strategies/Visual Capitalist)  ... Over the past two decades, governments around the world have responded to climate change through various initiatives and policies, with carbon pricing at the forefront. A recent example is the Canadian province of Ontario’s Emissions Performance Standards program, first launched

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Europe Just Launched the World’s First Carbon Tariff. Will the United States Follow Suit?

 by Kristoffer Tigue (Inside Climate News) In the U.S., where climate policy has been highly politicized, the concept of a carbon tariff has recently emerged with rare bipartisan support. -- Companies that want to do business in the European Union will soon

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Biden Admin Floats Idea of Adding Climate Impacts to Fines, Penalties

by Jean Chemnick (Politico Pro Climatewire) The proposal comes from a White House directive highlighting the social cost of greenhouse gases. -- Breaking the law soon could get more expensive for companies and people who violate U.S. environmental regulations. That’s based on a

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Analysis: US Carbon Capture Pipeline Setbacks Reflect Challenges in Climate Fight

by Leah Douglas (Reuters)   A series of permit rejections for two high-profile carbon pipeline projects in the U.S. Midwest could bode poorly for carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a widespread solution to climate change, reflecting deep-seated public concern about its

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Biden Broadens Use of Social Cost of Carbon

by Jean Chemnick  (E&E News Climatewire)  The Biden administration announced plans Thursday to consider climate costs in a much broader swath of government policies and decisions than ever before — including how the federal government wields its massive buying power. The social

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Climate Needs and Market Demand Drive Future for Durable CDR

by Karan Mistry, Bahar Carroll, Thomas Baker, Paulina Ponce de León Baridó, Alex Dewar, and Amy Sims (Boston Consulting Group) If the world is to circumvent an irreversible climate crisis, reducing or avoiding emissions will not be enough. Carbon Dioxide Removal

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EU Commission Chief Asks G20 to Join Global Carbon Pricing

by Sarita Chaganti Singh, Katya Golubkova, Sakshi Dayal and Shivam Patel (Reuters)  The European Commission president asked G20 leaders on Saturday to join a proposal to set up global carbon pricing. Many countries are using a price on carbon to help meet

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Mapped: Carbon Pricing Initiatives Around the World

by Tammy Klein (Transport Energy Strategies/Visual Capitalist)  Over the past two decades, governments around the world have responded to climate change through various initiatives and policies, with carbon pricing at the forefront. A recent example is the Canadian province of Ontario’s Emissions Performance Standards program,

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Airbus, LATAM Airlines Group Fund MIT Joint Program Study on Options for Decarbonizing Aviation in Latin America

(MIT Global Change/Airbus) Airbus and LATAM Airlines Group have funded a study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change (MIT Joint Program). The study, entitled "Options for Decarbonizing Aviation in Latin America in

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American Farmland Trust, Sierra View Solutions Release Report on Carbon Market Programs

(American Farmland Trust/Morning Ag Clips)  The world needs agriculture to reduce emissions to avoid the worst effects of climate change, farmers need carbon market programs to work for farming -- Carbon market programs could be key to emission reductions, but agricultural carbon

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Megatrends Driving Low Carbon Intensity Developments

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Due Diligence Wolfpack member Steve Slome of NexantECA presented these slides at ABLC 2023 on Renewable Power, Hydrogen, Methanol, Ammonia, and Carbon Capture; including the Overlap Between Sustainability and Digitalization: Smart Meters with Mass Balance, Electrification,

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Bioenergy as Harmful as Fossil Fuels if CO2 Emissions Not Priced

(Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)/Mirage News) A new study in Nature Climate Change shows that under current land-use regulations, CO2 emission factors for biofuels might even exceed those for fossil diesel combustion due to large-scale land clearing related to

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UN Chief Says Fossil Fuels 'Incompatible with Human Survival,' Calls for Credible Exit Strategy

by Frank Jordans (Associated Press/ABC News)  The head of the United Nations attacked fossil fuel companies Thursday, accusing them of betraying future generations and undermining efforts to phase out a product he called “incompatible with human survival.”  The head of the

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Alliance for Clean Trade: A Framework Proposal for a New Climate and Trade Alliance between the U.S., EU, and Allies

by Paul Beldsoe and Ed Gresser (Progressive Policy Institute) ... A low-emissions trade deal to help the United States, the European Union, and their allies harmonize approaches to the clean energy transition and incentivize China and other nations to reduce

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Trafigura Publishes New Whitepaper

(Trafigura)   Trafigura, a market leader in the global commodities industry, has today published new research highlighting the vital role that hydrogen-based fuels will play in decarbonising shipping – and the enormous potential for countries in the ‘Global South’ to produce

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Running a Hydrogen Plane Could Be Cheaper than Traditional Aircraft by 2035

(Transport & Environment) Deploying hydrogen planes in Europe is economically feasible, new study shows, but must be supported by the right set of policies and incentives.  --   Hydrogen jets could be cheaper to run than fossil fuel planes from 2035

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A Transatlantic Dialogue: Carbon Pricing and the Energy Transition --- June 9, 2023 --- Washington, DC and ONLINE

(Wilson Center) In theory, carbon pricing promises an economically efficient means to the energy transformation. In practice, however, carbon pricing has faced multiple and significant hurdles to adoption. But momentum is building. In recent years, Europe and Canada have established

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Chevron, Exxon Pursue Cleaner Gasoline as Alternative to EVs

by Sabrina Valle (Reuters) The two largest U.S. oil companies are road testing renewable gasoline blends that they say could bring down emissions from conventional autos to levels competitive with electric vehicles (EVs). The fuels being promoted by Chevron Corp (CVX.N) and Exxon Mobil

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Parliament Approves Core EU Climate Legislation

by Federica Di Sario (Politico) Next, the deal needs to be formally ratified by the Council of the EU. -- ... The revision of the EU's carbon market, known as the Emissions Trading System, includes fully integrating aviation into the mechanism

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A Flood of RD and a Snowballing LCFS Credit Bank – Is a Step-Change in CI Reduction Schedule the Answer?

by Kendra Seymour (Stillwater Associates) ... A flood of renewable diesel production and snowballing net credits have left California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) with a historically large and growing credit bank. This glut in the LCFS credit market has tanked

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Carbonx Launches New Set of Carbon Removal Market Data to Support The Space

by Petya Trendafilova (Carbon Herald) A climate tech startup Carbonx is supporting the carbon dioxide removal (CDR) market with a net set of data. The company announced on March 30th, the launch of a new data initiative that aims to improve the transparency

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Why EPA’s Huge Social Cost of Carbon Might Fail to Halt CO2

by Jean Chemnick (E&E Climatewire) EPA is about to finalize a sky-high value for carbon that could be used whenever the federal government leases land to oil drillers or buys new mail trucks. But its effect on actual policymaking may be limited. The

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Want More Bioeconomy Capacity, Sooner? Our 4-Point Plan to Relieve the Investor’s Tour of Terror

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... But it is only the world’s second-scariest rollercoaster, because the scariest one is the Tour of Terror in building a bioeconomy project. Strategics bail when oil prices go low; formulator adoption is poorly understood; there’s a

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Washington State Is Moving to Cap Carbon Emissions

by Maxine Joselow (Washington Post) ... In 2021, after mounting a climate-centric presidential campaign, (Governor Jay) Inslee signed into law the Climate Commitment Act, which established an ambitious program to cap the state’s carbon emissions. The “cap-and-invest” program took effect

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Senate Committee Considers National Clean Fuel Standard

by Mike Lee (E&E News Climatewire) A federal standard has "enormous potential" if it improves on state-level programs, industry and trade officials told the Environment and Public Works Committee.  --  Senators debated the merits of a national clean fuel standard Wednesday,

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Exxon Retreats from Major Climate Effort to Make Biofuels from Algae

ByBen Elgin and Kevin Crowley (Bloomberg) Renewable fuels made from algae was the company’s most heavily publicized climate solution. -- After advertising its efforts to produce environmentally friendly fuels from algae for over a decade, Exxon Mobil Corp. is now quietly walking away

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Carbon Pricing Standards Needed to Accelerate Green Transition

(Bioenergy International) In order to reach 2050 emissions reduction targets, trillions of dollars in public and private capital are needed to adopt and scale green energy technologies. Carbon pricing is essential to unlocking the vault, financial experts told participants at a

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The Chopped Liver of Climate Policy Is Making a Comeback: Carbon Market Madness

by Debra Kahn (Politico's The Long Game)  Don't look now, but the country's first- and third-largest economies are both pursuing carbon prices on industrial emissions. New York regulators on Monday approved their first-ever "scoping plan," or roadmap for how they're going

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California’s LCFS: Just How Much Stronger Will the New Targets Be?

by Jordan Godwin (OPIS) Prices for credits under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) have been a sad story in 2022. They opened the year around $149. That was the first OPIS assessment of 2022 on Jan. 3. Sure, it was down

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Advanced Biofuels Canada Welcomes Draft Regulation to Exempt Sustainable Aviation Fuel from the Federal Carbon Charge

(Advanced Biofuels Canada/EIN Newswire) Proposed update brings Canada closer to greater SAF use in aviation fuel -- Advanced Biofuels Canada (ABFC) recognizes the government of Canada for taking concrete steps towards decarbonizing aviation by publishing draft regulations exempting Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)

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Interview: Hydrogen, Carbon Capture Critical to Decarbonising the Chemical Industry – Dow CEO

by Joseph Chang (Independent Commodity Intelligence Service) Hydrogen and carbon capture and storage (CCS) will be critical for the chemical industry and other energy-intensive sectors to fully decarbonise, the CEO of Dow said. “Carbon capture is critical. You won’t get to any

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Which Countries Have Put a Price on Carbon?

by Hannah Ritchie and Pablo Rosado (Our World in Data) Putting a price on carbon helps us account for the real costs of fossil fuels in the market. Which countries have a carbon tax or trading system? ... The purpose of setting

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Missouri Loses Appeal Challenging Biden’s Social Cost of Carbon

by Alex Guillén (Politico Pro) The ruling marks the second red state lawsuit against the regulatory metric to fall short. -- The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit on Friday rejected a lawsuit brought by Missouri and a dozen other Republican-controlled

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Biofuels, Refining Industry Executives Decry California ZEV Mandate

by Patrick Newkumet (OPIS)  ... In a panel bringing together several representatives from major refining and biofuel groups -- interests that have long clashed around fuels policy -- Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) said

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Costs Associated with Carbon Emissions Three Times Federal Estimate: Study

by Zack Budryk  (The Hill)  The social cost of carbon is significantly higher than the federal estimate, according to a study published Thursday in the journal Nature.  Researchers put the financial toll associated with projected future carbon emissions at $185 per ton of carbon pollution

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After 25 Years of Futility, Democrats Finally Jettison Carbon Pricing in Favor of Incentives to Counter Climate Change

by Marianne Lavelle (Inside Climate News) The $370 billion Inflation Reduction Act is the nation’s first comprehensive climate plan to curtail greenhouse gas emissions and boost renewable energy and green technology. It relies on tax credits and other “carrots,” not

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Diplomats Limber up for ‘Fit for 55’ Transport Laws Negotiations

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com)  ... Aviation -- While clean aircraft powered by electricity and hydrogen remain on the distant horizon, the short-term play to slash aircraft emissions is the roll-out of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF).  Under the “ReFuelEU Aviation” proposal, all aircraft

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Carbon Removal Is Moving Full Steam Ahead. So Is Climate Change.

by Vanessa Montalbano (Washington Post) ... The Energy Department is also set on boosting approaches that would remove gigatons of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere for less than $100 per net metric ton of carbon. (According to Energy, 1 gigaton

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BP Aims to Start Producing Green Jet Fuel in Australia by 2025

by Sonali Paul (Reuters)  BP Plc (BP.L) is aiming to start producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in Australia by 2025 after converting its oil refinery near Perth to produce renewable fuels, a senior executive of the British company said on Thursday. The project is

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What Is Carbon Pricing and Why Is It Important?

by Eva Amsen (Neste) Carbon pricing is a tool increasingly used to translate greenhouse gas emissions into a financial cost, and can be used by governments and businesses to help reduce emissions and meet climate goals. There are different pricing

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Prices Triple in Brazil's Lopsided Market for Carbon Credits

byPeter Millard and Tatiana Freitas (Bloomberg)  Some call the program ‘inefficient.’ Others say it’s downright flawed. Either way, the sharpest critics say RenovaBio is not living up to its promise. -- ... At best, the program known as RenovaBio that mandates fuel distributors

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Exxon Mobil CEO Darren Woods Calls for a Higher Price on Carbon

by Lindsey Jacobson (CNBC) Exxon Mobil CEO Darren Woods would like the U.S. government to help incentivize some of the clean energy innovations his company is developing, like biofuels and direct air capture of carbon dioxide. ... Proposing a carbon tax has been

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A Border Carbon Bill with a Price

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy) Whitehouse (Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.)) introduced a bill Tuesday charging $55 per ton for carbon emissions on imported products from energy intensive industries. The Clean Competition Act, which POLITICO’s Josh Siegel got an early

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Low-Carbon Hydrogen Demand in Refining Could Reach 50 Mtpa by 2050

(Wood Mackenzie) Up to 35% of refining carbon emissions could be reduced  -- Potential low-carbon (green or blue) hydrogen demand from the global refining sector could reach 50 million tonnes per annum (Mtpa) by 2050, says Wood Mackenzie, a Verisk

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High Fuel Prices Could Erode Public Support for Energy Transition, Chevron CEO Says

by Sabrina Valle (Reuters)  Europe's plan to double down on renewable fuels in response to rising fuel costs could have the unintended short-term effect of increasing prices and slow down the energy transition, Chevron Corp (CVX.N) Chief Executive Michael Wirth said

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CARB Releases Ambitious Draft Climate Action Plan to Slash Use of Fossil Fuels and Reach Carbon Neutrality by 2045

(California Air Resources Board) Draft of 2022 Climate Change Scoping Plan charts rapid timeline to cut pollution and engage every sector of the world’s fifth largest economy  -- The California Air Resources Board (CARB) today released a draft plan that, when

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Supreme Court Rejects Red States' Plea to Block Biden Climate Metric

by Alex Guillen (Politico)  -The decision means the White House can move forward with its plans to overhaul and likely significantly increase the number known as the social cost of carbon. -The Supreme Court’s refusal to get involved in the

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Berlin Pushes for a €60 Minimum Price on EU Carbon Markets

by Nikolaus J. Kurmayer (EURACTIV.com) Discounting allegations of speculation on the EU carbon market, Berlin is throwing its weight behind a minimum price of €60 per tonne of CO2, saying it will ensure this through national measures if the EU does

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What’s Going on with California LCFS Credit Prices?

by Brad Pleima (EcoEngineers)  One of the hottest topics within the renewable fuels industry is “What is going on with LCFS credit pricing?” California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard continues to drive development and investment into renewable fuels and market participants have

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Occidental Is Eyeing California’s Clean Fuels Market to Fund Texas Carbon Removal Plant

by Nicholas Kusnetz (Inside Climate News) The oil company plans to remove carbon from the atmosphere and pump it into the ground to extract oil in the Permian Basin. Some climate activists fear the new technology is a cover for continuing

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EU Biofuels Chain Calls for More Biofuel Use in Decarbonization Plans

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, consequent with the increased ambitions brought by the European Green Deal, and the objective to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the European Union (EU) ought to ensure that its 2020 energy and climate objectives are

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Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Launches

(Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels/Biomass Magazine) Canadian aviation industry leaders are joining forces to create the Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (C-SAF), whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) in Canada to ensure that the Canadian

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Leaders See Need for More Buy-in on SAF

by Kerry Lynch (AIN Online)  ... In the short term, SAF, coupled with carbon offset credits and book-and-claim, are viewed as the most immediate steps to get there. The book-and-claim process allows customers who wish to use SAF but are not in

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Optimizing for Carbon Storage: A New Model for Biorefineries

(Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center) Biorefinery profitability scale with a carbon credit in cases of (A) no capture, (B) capture from fermentation, (C) capture from fermentation and biogas, and (E) full capture from fermentation and biogas, with exactly enough capture from

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Auto Rule Targeted after Climate Injunction

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy) The fallout has started arriving following last week's court order blocking the Biden administration from using its social cost of carbon metric in rulemakings. The conservative Competitive Enterprise Institute on Tuesday sent a letter asking EPA

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Carbon Tax Huddle

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  The Climate Leadership Council, a GOP-backed group supporting a carbon tax, is launching a new research center to explore how the U.S. could impose a border carbon adjustment or other policy to punish imports

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What Does the Recent Growth in the LCFS Credit Bank Mean for Credit Prices in the Longer Term?

(Stillwater Associates) Volatility in the LCFS credit market and recently released 3Q2021 data showing nearly 433,000 metric tons in net credits for the quarter have left many investors scratching their heads. What does this mean for the trajectory of the program?

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Americans Should Pay More for Gas, Not Less

by Jinjoo Lee (Wall Street Journal)  There are some glaring holes in the way the U.S. regulates fuel economy and emissions. Understanding how it works (or doesn’t) is key to understanding why oil demand is likely to remain high. --

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OPIS Launches Carbon Neutral Fuels Index, Core Carbon Credits and Climate Community and Biodiversity Standards Assessments for Price Transparency into Emissions Offsetting Strategies

(IHS Markit/Business Wire)  Extends the OPIS voluntary carbon pricing suite to 55 daily assessments and provides solutions to stakeholders targeting emission reductions  -- OPIS, an IHS Markit (NYSE: INFO) company, the leading benchmark provider for carbon and fuels markets data, has

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ACE, Industry Groups Encourge CARB to Recognize Climate-Smart Farming Practices in Low Carbon Fuel Standard

(American Coalition for Ethanol) In a cosigned letter, the American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE), along with the Great Plains Institute, Low Carbon Fuels Coalition, the National Biodiesel Board, and Canadian Oilseed Processors Association, recommended the California Air Resources Board (CARB) recognize the

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The Gulf CCUS Hub

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  The National Ocean Industries Association, a trade group representing the offshore energy industry, is calling on policymakers to lay the groundwork for Exxon Mobil and other companies to make the Gulf of Mexico a

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Viewpoint: RD, Fuel Demand Weigh on California LCFS

by Elliott Blackburn (Argus Media) New low-carbon fuel supplies will add pressure in 2022 on California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) credits already trading near three-year lows. California this year recorded some of the nation's largest drops in transportation fuel demand compared

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Severstal Increases the Share of Renewables in Its Energy Portfolio

(Severstal) Severstal, one of the world's largest vertically integrated steel and mining companies, has taken a strategic decision to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy portfolio, in part by increasing heat generation from biofuels at the operating boiler

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Northeast States Abandon Cap-and-Trade Plan for Cars

(E&E News)  The Transportation and Climate Initiative — a cap-and-trade program covering cars in three Northeastern states and the District of Columbia — was abandoned last week after Connecticut Gov. Ned Lamont (D) and Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker (R) pulled

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EIA Analysis Projects Carbon Fees Would Decrease U.S. Carbon Dioxide Emissions through 2050

(U.S. Energy Information Administration) Carbon fees as high as $35 per metric ton could decrease U.S. energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by as much as 19% compared to 2020 levels, according to analysis from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). In

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G-20 Fossil-Fuel Support Hits Nearly $600 Billion in 2020

by Victoria Cuming and Maia Godemer (BloombergNEF) The Group-of-20 countries have made headlines in recent months with some new pledges to achieve “net-zero” CO2 emissions by 2050 or, in China’s case, by 2060. But back in the here-and-now many of these

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Bio-Based Feedstocks Will Likely Only Be Able to Provide Half of SAF Demand by 2050, Finds ICF Study

by Susan van Dyk  (GreenAir Online) Bio-based feedstock availability for SAF will likely only be sufficient to supply 50% of the SAF required to meet IATA’s net zero carbon by 2050 target, concludes an ICF report prepared for the second edition of

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Big Oil CEOs Will Testify before Congress This Month

by Maxine Joselow (Washington Post) The CEOs of six major fossil fuel companies and trade associations will testify at a blockbuster hearing this month about their role in spreading climate disinformation, Rep. Ro Khanna (D-Calif.) confirmed to The Climate 202. “In the history

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Carbon Pricing and Regulations Compared: An Economic Explainer

by Shuting Pomerleau and Ed Dolan (Niskanen Center) • Carbon pricing, either in the form of a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade system, has the potential to limit pollution to an economically optimal level.  Carbon pricing allows various pollution sources

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Democrats Prep Carbon Tax Option to Pay for Spending Bill

by Laura Davison, Ari Natter, and Jennifer A Dlouhy (Bloomberg) Carbon tax gains momentum as talks on spending bill heat up; Plan would use tax proceeds to send cash payments to Americans --  Senate Democrats are developing a carbon-tax proposal that

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REDD+, CORSIA and California Carbon Offsets - Understanding the Differences

(Opis Carbon Team) The commitment to carbon neutrality continues to grow as corporations and jurisdictions chart a course for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Voluntary REDD+ Credits, CORSIA eligible offsets and California Carbon Offsets provide a variety of opportunities for emissions reductions,

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Industry Group Backs Global Carbon Price for Large Ships

by Frank Jordans (Associated Press) A major maritime industry association on Monday backed plans for a global surcharge on carbon emissions from shipping to help fund the sector’s shift toward climate-friendly fuels. The International Chamber of Shipping said it’s proposing to the

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Video: What Is the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) and How Has It Grown?

(OPIS) The Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) has been around for 20 years, but it is changing rapidly. As more companies make net-zero pledges, demand for carbon credits, advanced climate technology and project funding has increased. In part one of our four-part video

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Energy Traders See Big Money in Carbon-Emissions Markets

by Sarah McFarlane  (Wall Street Journal) Vitol, Glencore and other firms that dominate oil trading are beefing up their carbon-trading desks -- Big energy trading houses, long focused on deep, volatile markets such as oil and natural gas, are now bulking up

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ExxonMobil Affiliate to Produce Renewable Diesel to Help Reduce Transportation Emissions in Canada

(ExxonMobil/Business Wire)  Project will include carbon capture and storage, hydrogen to meet low-carbon fuel standards; Strathcona refinery could produce 20,000 barrels of renewable diesel per day in 2024; Renewable diesel has the potential to reduce annual CO2 emissions by about

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Pipelines Seek to Hit Net-Zero Ethanol-- Carbon Pipelines Offer Ethanol Lower Carbon Footprints and Tax Credits

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)   After years of battles over oil pipelines, two companies are pitching carbon dioxide pipelines that would crisscross six states and combine to sink as much as 24 million metric tons of carbon emissions into geologic

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Progressive Pollster: 65 Percent of Likely Voters Would Back Polluters Tax

by Zack Budryk (The Hill) American voters are broadly supportive of proposals to tax major fossil fuel companies for the costs of climate change, according to polling from the left-leaning firm Data for Progress. A survey of likely voters found that 77 percent

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Border Carbon Adjustments without Full (or Any) Carbon Pricing

by William Pizer and Erin Campbell (Resources for the Future/Our Energy Policy) Border carbon adjustments (BCAs) are national or possibly multicountry trade measures—typically taxes on imports (and sometimes rebates on exports)—intended to support ambitious national climate mitigation policies. They are meant

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Can New Technology Incentivize Farmers to Capture Carbon in Their Soil?

by Michael Sterenberg (Columbia Climate School State of the Planet) The Scenic Hudson Soil Lab is a rather unassuming structure. Sitting atop a hemp farm within New York’s Hudson River Valley, the lab is unadorned, and no bigger than a roadside

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Bioresources within a Net-Zero Emissions Economy: Making a Sustainable Approach Possible

(Energy Transitions Commission) In its new report Bioresources within a Net-Zero Emissions Economy, the Energy Transitions Commission (ETC) makes plain that, while bioresources are in principle renewable, not all forms of biomass use are beneficial from an environmental perspective: not all biomass

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Carbon Capture Is a No-Brainer Solution for Companies Facing Net-Zero Policy Goals

by Ian Palmer (Biofuels Digest) ... Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an escape hatch, or an offset, to be used if there are “leftover” GHG emissions.  If a country is on a pathway to reduce GHG to zero by a

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$19 Trillion Captured Carbon Market – How Will We Reward Carbon’s Hunters and Gatherers?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The IPCC forecast seen below tells the tale of how the next 50 years will play out in climate action. There’s going to be a demand to remove 50 gigatons of carbon emissions through abatement (wind,

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EU Carbon Market Will Be Extended to Buildings and Transport, von der Leyen Confirms

(EurActiv/Reuters) Europe will apply its emissions trading scheme to buildings and transport, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen told a summit of world leaders on Thursday (22 April), setting the stage for the EU’s planned overhaul of its carbon market. The

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US SAF Producers Target Net Zero in Drive to Reduce the Carbon Intensity of Their Fuels

by Susan van Dyk (GreenAir Online) The recent virtual symposium hosted in the US by CAAFI, the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative, illustrated the increasing momentum in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) commercial development, with companies at different stages of development outlining ambitious

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UK Aviation Industry Sets New Interim Targets en Route to a Net Zero by 2050 Goal

(GreenAir Online)  The UK’s aviation industry has set new interim decarbonisation targets on its way to a goal of net zero emissions by 2050. The sector’s Sustainable Aviation group, with members from airlines, airports, manufacturers and air navigation service providers, has announced

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Biden Hits Roadblocks on Path to Low-Carbon Economy

by James Osborne (Houston Chronicle) ... The decision by a Louisiana federal judge Wednesday requiring the Department of Interior to end its pause on oil and gas leasing came as the administration’s plan to spend hundreds of billions of dollars

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Fred Ghatala on the Canadian Clean Fuel Regulation & What It Means for Renewable Fuels

by Tammy Klein (Transport Energy Strategies) ...  I spoke with Fred Ghatala, Director of Carbon and Sustainability for Advanced Biofuels Canada. We talked about the industry’s engagement in and reaction to the recently released draft Canadian Clean Fuels Regulation (CFR). ... If the current Canadian

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Nasdaq and Fortum Join Forces to Develop Carbon Removal Market

by Nora Buli (Reuters)  Financial services company Nasdaq (NDAQ.O) and Finnish state-owned utility Fortum (FORTUM.HE) have joined forces to develop a trading platform for carbon removal credits, they said on Tuesday. ... Backed by Fortum, Puro.earth was founded in 2019 and offers

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Big Oil’s Tough Clean-Energy Transition Early Movers in Decarbonization Shift Offer a Glimpse of the Hard Times ahead for Exxon and Chevron

by Rochelle Toplensky (Wall Street Journal)  ... Pressure on the petroleum industry to decarbonize is building on multiple fronts. U.S. oil giants that look at their more forward-thinking peers across the Atlantic for inspiration will find some lessons, but not easy

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The Split over Carbon Pricing

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  TAKING CARBON PRICING TO THE NEXT (FEDERAL) LEVEL:Carbon pricing has its backers in environmental circles, the fossil fuel industry and in state houses around the country. But lawmakers in Washington just can’t seem to get

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Opinion: Biden Should Embrace a Carbon Tax

by Henry M. Paulson, Jr. and Erskine B. Bowles (Washington Post) ... A carbon tax, which taxes carbon dioxide and other greenhouse-gas emissions, is a proven means to raise large sums of much-needed revenue while lowering carbon emissions. It is supported by 67 percent

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Press Release: Advanced Biofuels USA Files Comments on Transportation and Climate Initiative: Calls for Extension of Program to Aviation, Trains, Marine/Maritime, Agriculture, Rocket Launches and Natural Gas

(Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA suggests an expansion of transportation emissions reduction in the Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI) proposed Draft Model Rule (TCI-P) in public comments filed today. Currently, the proposed emission reduction program is limited to on-road

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Is It Really a Comeback? Some Oil and Gas Giants Are Reporting Positive Earnings

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  Some oil and gas giants are reporting positive earnings in the first quarter, signifying a return to profitability from the pandemic slump. But it's not all rosy, as low demand for jet fuel continue

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How Biofuels Giant Neste Transforms America’s French Fry Grease into Clean Diesel

by Christopher Helman (Forbes) ... “Nobody wants to send that material down the drain,” says Rick Sabol, president of the Mahoney division. And not just because fat globules can clog up sewer systems — but because that grease is valuable —

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Valero Moves further into Low-Carbon Fuels Space to Match Growing Demand

by Janet McGurty (S&P Global Platts) Ethanol carbon sequestration will lower CI; DGD renewable diesel expansion online end 2021; Renewable diesel sales expected to grow  --  Valero sees growing demand for low-carbon fuels and will continue to seek out projects

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Earth Day 2021 Series Day 16: How Can Renewable Fuels Enhance Environmental Justice? How about Cleaner Air and Lower Fuel Costs for Regular Cars for Many Years to Come?

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  First proposed in 2015, Advanced Biofuels USA’s  proposal for a “Disappearing” Non-Renewable-Carbon User Fee begins: “If we’re serious about reducing climate change-causing greenhouse gases and reducing non-renewable liquid and gas use, we need serious

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Emissions, Mileage, New Data: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to EVs vs. ICE

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Today, a special look at new hard data on EVs vs IC engines — what the recent Wall Street Journal review missed! It was an exclusive to the DigestConnect last week but here’s your chance

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Biden Wins CAFE Penalty Court Dispute

by Matthew Choi (Politico's Morning Energy)  The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit in New York has sided with the Biden administration in a lovers’ quarrel with green groups, blue states and Tesla over the Trump administration’s delay

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Contribution of Sustainable Biomass and Bioenergy in Industry Transitions towards a Circular Economy

(IEA Bioenergy)  Summary and conclusions from the IEA Bioenergy eWorkshop, 19-20 October 2020 --  Key messages from the workshop • Biomass is a key component to reduce the climate impact of industries, next to electrification, hydrogen & CCUS (carbon capture and

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Earth Day 2021 Series Day 6: Taxing Carbon: RFS, RenovaBio and EU’s RED II

by Nathália Fernandes Pimentel* (Advanced Biofuels USA) First of all, carbon taxes are policy measures designed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and to meet further objectives in policy making. By definition, it is a tax that establishes a price on

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How Green Are Electric Vehicles? In Short: Very Green. But Plug-in Cars Still Have Environmental Effects.

by Hiroko Tabuchi and Brad Plumer (New York Times) Here’s a guide to the main issues and how they might be addressed. -- ... But a lot depends on how much coal is being burned to charge up those plug-in

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The Supreme Court Rules Canada’s Carbon Price Is Constitutional. It’s a Big Ein for Justin Trudeau’s Climate Plan

by Alex Ballingall (Toronto Star) In a landmark decision for climate action in Canada, the Supreme Court ruled Thursday that Ottawa has the power to impose a carbon price across the country as a “matter of national concern.” The majority ruling from

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Supreme Court to Rule on whether Carbon Tax Is Constitutional Next Week

(Canadian Press/CTV News)  The Supreme Court of Canada says it will issue its ruling on the fate of the national carbon tax next week (week of March 22, 2021). The court decision expected Thursday will determine the fate of the central

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A Large PR Firm Pledged to Fight Climate Change. Then It Took Millions from a Notorious Fossil Fuel Trade Group.

by Zahra Hirji and Kendall Taggart (BuzzFeed News) Edelman, a PR firm that’s pledged to “work with an environmental conscience,” was paid $4 million to promote one of the most extreme fossil fuel trade groups in the country, new tax

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Electric Cars Are Coming. How Long until They Rule the Road?

by Brad Plumer, Nadja Popovich and Blacki Migliozzi (New York Times)  These vehicles represent the 250 million cars, S.U.V.s, vans and pickup trucks on America’s roads today. The vast majority run on gasoline. Fewer than 1 percent are electric. Automakers are now shifting

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The Sage of Hastings-on-Hudson: The Wit and Wisdom of Ron Cascone

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In New York, Ronald F. Cascone died on Friday, March 5th from complications of COVID and after a long battle with esophageal cancer. He was 77. Cascone was known around the world as one of

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How the Oil Lobby Learned to Love Carbon Taxes

by Jennifer A Dlouhy and Leslie Kaufman (Bloomberg) The American Petroleum Institute may come out in favor of a carbon price, a sign of Washington’s dramatic move toward climate-friendly policy. ... But the policy itself has a number of silver linings for

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House Democrats Unveil Sweeping Climate Legislation to Transform Country’s Energy Mix

(Aken Gump)  On Tuesday, March 2, Democrats on the House Energy and Commerce (E&C) Committee introduced a sweeping climate proposal—the Climate Leadership and Environmental Action for our Nation’s (CLEAN) Future Act—an amended version of draft legislation released last year in the

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Transport Ministers Call for Accelerated EU-Wide Deployment and Mandates for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(GreenAir Online) Eight European transport ministers have called for a harmonised, long-term strategy to decarbonising the air transport sector to include ramping up the production and supply of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) through an EU-wide blending mandate. Hosting a high-level virtual

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Crushing Ethanol’s CO2 Footprint: Summit Carbon Launches 10MT Carbon Capture & Storage Monster; Green Plains Is in

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Sometimes, as the song says, you gotta bury your troubles, and when your trouble is the cost of carbon dioxide emission, and you’re in the ethanol business, you were stymied until a few minutes ago, when

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Carbon Tax Meets New Washington Politics

by Annie Snider (Politico's Morning Energy) President Joe Biden has revived the idea of a carbon tax, but climate hawks on Capitol Hill hope he will give them time to work through the tricky politics of the issue.  --  ... THE

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Growing Interest in Carbon Markets Coming from All Sides

by Rhiannon Branch (Brownfield Ag News) Interest and growth in carbon market programs is booming.  A recent ecosystem markets webinar hosted by the Illinois Sustainable Ag Partnership had more than 1600 participants registered with more than 600 questions submitted ahead of time. Speaker Kari Hernandez,

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Tonko Talks Climate Bill

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  The House Energy and Commerce Committee's climate legislation from last year will be the template for action this year, Rep. Paul Tonko (D-N.Y.) said Tuesday. "After years of headwinds on climate action, this is the first

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Life is a Highway

by John Eichberger (Fuels Institute) ... Fuels Institute recently published “The Impact of Transportation-related Environmental Initiatives” which provides an objective assessment of 37 global efforts and a deep dive into 14 of the most prominent initiatives affecting transportation. As we embark upon

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Ed Markey on the Green New Deal, Biden

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  ... The Massachusetts senator also said he wants Democrats to pursue a clean energy standard over carbon pricing in their push for climate legislation. "[M]y view is that sector-wide solutions like a clean energy standard

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John Kerry's Climate Plan, in His Own Words: In an Interview with Amanda Little, He Promises a "Total Rethink" and Trillions in Global Investment as He Works to Speed the Shift from Fossil Fuels.

by Amanda Little (Bloomberg Opinion) As President Joe Biden's Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, John Kerry will play perhaps the most critical role internationally in managing a planetary crisis.  ... AL:  Yet progressive climate activists have said that “climate delay-al” is

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New Mexico Clean Fuel Standard Proposed, Counterpoints to CA LCFS Report

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... (A)an even hotter report from Jonn Axsen, Director of Sustainable Transportation Action Research Team and Michael Wolinetz at Navius Research is slamming California’s Legislative Analyst’s Office 2018 Low Carbon Fuel Standard report that

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Updating the United States Government’s Social Cost of Carbon

by Michael Greenstone and Tamma Carleton (Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago) This paper outlines a two-step process to return the United States government’s Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) to the frontier of economics and climate science. The first

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Top 10 Bioeconomy Must-Knows in the Biden Transition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who are the key bioeconomy players in the new Biden Administration? What recent moves by the outgoing Trump Administration and Congress will set their budget and regulatory framework for 2021. What will the new Administration

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Germany Rings in 2021 with CO2 Tax, Coal Phase-out

(Energy Market Price)  From January 1, 2021 the government will charge 25 euros ($30) per tonne of carbon dioxide emissions released by the transport and heating sectors Germany is aiming for a green start to 2021 by shutting down a coal-fired

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Atlantic Council Analyzes the Potential for a Carbon Trade War

by Nick Silvis* (Advanced Biofuels USA)The world is undergoing drastic climate and ecological changes which will have dire ramifications on all facets of global activity. Critical trade relationships, such as the one between the United States and Europe, are facing

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Now Is the Time to Let Sustainable Aviation Fuel Take Off

by Chris Cooper (Aviation Pros/Neste North America)  ... Globally, more than 40 airlines now have already implemented SAF at some level, with an estimated 200,000 commercial flights using SAF since 2011 and 1.6 billion gallons of SAF committed to forward purchase

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Canada Unveils Its New Clean Fuels Standard, Carbon Price, and $2.25B in New Sector Investment

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Canada, the federal Department of Environment and Climate Change Canada has focused its new Clean Fuel Standard on  liquid fossil fuels. released its updated climate and clean growth plan, A Healthy Environment and a Healthy Economy. The government

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Shutdown Stopped, but Funding Fight Continues

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy)  However, the emerging package has drawn the ire of progressive and environmental justice groups who are urging Democrats to walk away and try again next Congress. "We have serious concerns about the prospects of the Senate

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Greens Look to Yellen on Climate

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico's Morning Energy) --President-elect Joe Biden is expected to officially tap Janet Yellen for Treasury secretary, a job with significant climate implications.  --And former Secretary of State John Kerry will serve as Biden's special presidential envoy for

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WEBINAR REVIEW: The Future of Carbon Pricing: 2020 and Beyond

by Sharon Ji* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  This online conference focused on the updated models set-up on carbon pricing calculations. As for the many factors involved, the main issues considered were the production cost, marketing and sales cost, carbon tax cost,

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Report Evaluates Emission-Reduction Efforts: The Fuels Institute Compares 14 Initiatives in Terms of Effectiveness, Impact and Overall Cost.

(NACS) As governments consider strategies to reduce emissions from transportation, a new Fuels Institute report provides valuable context to help guide their considerations, encouraging them to consider multiple perspectives before deciding how to proceed. “Impact of Transportation-Related Environmental Initiatives” takes an in-depth look at the

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Career Conservative Says the Right Should Embrace Renewable Energy

by  Steve Melink (Melink Corporation)  ... But about half of conservative Republicans, who represent that party’s majority, advocate increasing the production of fossil fuels oil, coal and natural gas. Steve Melink (www.melinkcorp.com), ForbesBooks author of Fusion Capitalism: A Clean Energy Vision For Conservatives, is

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Submission by Solutions from the Land on Behalf of the North America Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance In Response to the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture

(Solutions from the Land)  NACSAA 'Capstone Submission' Stresses CSA Is 'Foundational' to Global Agreement -- North America Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance has handed over its capstone submission into the Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture, the global platform for ag policy

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policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) 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(synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet 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