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Portugal's Galp Plans to Start Producing Biofuels in 2026

by Sergio Goncalves (Reuters) Portugal's Galp Energia (GALP.LS),  expects to start producing biodiesel and biojet fuel from waste in an industrial-scale unit it is building at its Sines refinery in 2026, the company, which is primarily an oil producer and refiner, said

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Commission Approves €3 billion German-Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support the Production of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €3 billion German-Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBOs), including renewable hydrogen, throughout the world. These RFNBOs will be imported and sold

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Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid to Support Concrete Chemicals in Production of Synthetic Aviation Fuels

(European Commission)  The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German measure to support Concrete Chemicals GmbH in the production of synthetic aviation fuels. The measure will contribute to the achievement of the European Green Deal and the ReFuelEU

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Prime Capital Acquires RES Hydrogen Project in Sweden, Develops Plans for eSAF Production

(RES/Biobased Diesel Daily)  RES, the world’s largest independent company in renewable energy, announced Dec. 3 that it has signed a sales agreement with the independent asset manager and financial-service provider Prime Capital AG for the Alby hydrogen plant project in Ånge,

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Scotland Unveils Its First Hydrogen Export Plan

(edie) The Scottish Government has published the nation’s first hydrogen export plan, setting out plans to develop regional hydrogen ‘hubs’ which co-locate production, storage and transportation infrastructure. Scotland will strive to be a “key producer and exporter of renewable hydrogen by 2030”,

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We've Completed Construction of Our World-First Green Gas Network

(SGN)  We have reached a key milestone on our H100 Fife project, with the completion of the construction of the world’s first domestic hydrogen gas network in Levenmouth, Fife. Green hydrogen gas, created using renewable electricity from a local 7MW offshore wind

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Bp and Iberdrola Inject 900,000 Euros into Their Joint Venture that Promotes the Green Hydrogen Plant

by Lorena Ortega (Castellón Plaza)  Castellón Green Hydrogen now has 1.2 million -- Bp  and Iberdrola  have just injected 900,000 euros into  Castellón Green Hydrogen SL , the joint venture created for the development of the first green hydrogen project undertaken by both companies. Both companies signed

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RP Global and GIZ Join Forces in BMWK’s H2Uppp Programme to Develop a Pipeline of Green Hydrogen Projects in the South of Argentina

(RP Global)   The partnership was launched at the end of November 2024, at the Argentine-German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (AHK Argentina) headquarters in Buenos Aires. Officials from the national government and the province of Santa Cruz, representatives from both

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Liquid Sun Raises Nearly €4 Million in Seed Funding from Voima Ventures, Failup, and Business Finland to Build an eSAF Demonstration Unit.

(Liquid Sun) The market for sustainable aviation fuel (eSAF) is predicted to grow from €2 billion in 2030 to over €60 billion by 2050. Finnish company Liquid Sun aims to be at the forefront of this exploding market growth. Finnish technology company

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Poland's Hynfra Plans to Establish Green Hydrogen Plant in Egypt

by Noha El Tawil (Egypt Today) Poland's Hynfra plans to establish in Egypt one of five green ammonia plants that will target Middle Eastern and European markets, and whose capacity will be 100,000 tons per annum in the first phase that will

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Twelve

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation deck provides an overview of Twelve, a company that develops and produces sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) through a process called Power-to-Liquid (PtL). The presentation highlights Twelve’s innovative technology, which uses electrochemistry to convert carbon

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IAG Announces New e-SAF Deal with Infinium and Remains on Track to Deliver 2030 Target

(Infinium/PR Newswire)  Purchase agreement is for commercial volumes of e-SAF over a 10-year period; IAG expects to start receiving fuel deliveries from Infinium in 2026 -- International Airlines Group (IAG) today announced a new Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) purchase agreement with e-SAF

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Sora Fuel and Emerging Fuels Technology, Inc. Will Collaborate to Accelerate Development of Efficient, Globally Scalable Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) to Meet Growing Market Demand.

(Sora Fuel/Business Wire) Combination of leading technologies is game changing in the race to decarbonize air travel which accounts for 2.5% of global CO2 emissions and 4% of global warming. -- Sora Fuel, a venture-backed startup that produces sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using only water,

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From a Cold Start to a US$180 Billion Market by 2035 – Green Hydrogen is Set to Displace, Outpace, and Outgrow Polluting Alternatives

(ABI Research/North American Clean Energy)  Green Hydrogen (H2) is the cleanest form of hydrogen production. It’s produced by renewable energy with zero CO2 emissions. Though only 0.2% of hydrogen is produced today, green H2 will account for 27% of total hydrogen

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European Aviation Players Launch Project SkyPower to Drive Investment in e-SAF and Meet EU and UK Mandates

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir)  A high-profile European coalition has joined forces to urgently advance the production of e-SAF – sustainable aviation fuels produced by combining renewable electricity, water and captured carbon dioxide. Project SkyPower brings together 13 CEOs and more

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The Hydrogen Stream: Ohmium, Spirare Energy, and JNCASR Collaborate on India’s First CO2 to Green Methanol Plant

by Uma Gupta and Sergio Matalucci (PV Magazine) The project will combine green hydrogen generated by Ohmium PEM electrolyzers with CO2 captured from the Singareni Thermal Power Plant to produce green methanol. Ohmium International (Ohmium), a green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures, and deploys advanced

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Ulsan City and Hyundai Motor Join Forces to Build a Hydrogen-friendly City

by Jung Min-hee  (Business Korea)  Aim to Establish an Integrated Hydrogen Supply Chain -- In a significant move towards establishing a hydrogen economy, Ulsan City and Hyundai Motor have announced a collaborative effort to create the largest hydrogen-friendly city in Korea. On Nov. 12,

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U.S. Department of Energy Releases New Report on Pathways to Commercial Liftoff for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(U.S. Department of Energy) New Report Identifies Key Strategies to Increase Production and Position the United States to Lead the Global SAF Economy by 2030  -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced the release of its latest Pathways to Commercial

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Cepsa and Sonatrach Sign a Memorandum of Understanding on Green Hydrogen

(Cepsa/Moeve Global)  Cepsa and Sonatrach have signed today (October 16, 2024) a memorandum of understanding to jointly carry out a feasibility study for the development of an integrated project for green hydrogen production and derivatives in Algeria, mainly aimed at supplying

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Fuella Reveals Second Green Ammonia Project in Brazil

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy) Norwegian green hydrogen and ammonia company Fuella has signed an agreement with the Port of Pecém to develop a large-scale green ammonia project in Pecém, in the State of Ceará, in Brazil. -- Under the agreement signed

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New $5 Million DoE Award Supports KU Startup’s Green Hydrogen Energy Research

(University of Kansas)  With $5 million in support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the University of Kansas and Avium — a startup firm founded by researchers from KU’s School of Engineering — aim to make clean hydrogen more affordable. According to

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From Photosynthesis to CO2 Electrolysis: How Carbon Regeneration Can Make a Brighter Future

bty Todd Brix (OCOchem/Carbon Capture Magazine)  ... CO2 isn’t just a molecule, a by-product, or a greenhouse gas; it’s the essential molecule vehicle for moving carbon around in its depleted state. It’s part of a regenerative cycle, a fundamental aspect

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RWE’s Green Hydrogen Ambitions for Eemshaven Region Strengthened by Plans for 100MW Electrolyser

(RWE)  100MW electrolyser development project secured environmental and building permits; RWE's hydrogen ambition supports Eemshaven region as sustainable energy hub; Electrolyser is part of the OranjeWind system integration solutions RWE has taken an important step in developing 100MW of green hydrogen production at Eemshaven,

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Rely Awarded a Contract by AM Green to Engineer and Deliver India’s Largest* Green Ammonia Complex in Kakinada, India

(Rely) Rely has been awarded an EPsCm contract by AM Green India Pvt Ltd. for its 2 x 1500 tons per day (TPD) Green Ammonia Complex at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. The project, which reached FID in August 2024, includes 2

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European Energy’s First Green Hydrogen Plant Is Up and Running

by Ajsa Habibic  (Offshore Energy) Danish renewables developer European Energy has officially opened its first green hydrogen facility in Måde, near Esbjerg, marking its first venture into large-scale hydrogen production using renewable energy. --  Following the completion of the construction in

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In Step toward Solar Fuels, Durable Artificial Photosynthesis Setup Chains Two Carbons Together

(University of Michigan)  The system produces ethylene, an important ingredient of many plastics, with much higher efficiency, yield and longevity than competing systems --  A key step toward reusing CO2 to make sustainable fuels is chaining carbon atoms together, and an artificial

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Sembcorp and PT PLN EPI Sign Joint Development Agreement for Southeast Asia's Largest Green Hydrogen Project

(Sembcorp)  Sembcorp Industries (Sembcorp) through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sembcorp Utilities Pte Ltd, and PT PLN Energi Primer Indonesia (PT PLN EPI), a sub-holding company of PT PLN (Persero), have entered into a joint development agreement (JDA) for a green hydrogen production

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Dispelling Myths around Hydrogen

(OPIS)  Hydrogen today is currently almost entirely used in either refining or industry. It is mostly produced from natural gas or methanol, with less than 1% of hydrogen production coming from low emissions technologies. However, in the last decade, numerous additional

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CRI to Supply Methanol Synthesis Tech to Chinese e-Methanol Project

(Bioenergy International) Iceland-headed emissions-to-liquids (ETL) technology developer Carbon Recycling International hf (CRI) has announced the signing of a "landmark agreement" with China-headed Tianying Group to leverage its methanol synthesis technology in its large-scale electro-methanol production project in Liaoyuan, China. Tianying Group’s business

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Power2X and Advario to Develop World-Scale e-SAF Hub in the Port of Rotterdam

(Port of Rotterdam)  In partnership, Power2X and Advario are developing a world-scale production and storage hub for sustainable aviation fuel (e-SAF) and synthetic, ultra-low carbon fuels in the port of Rotterdam. -- The Power2X production facility will have the capacity to produce

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Petrobras to Build Its First Plant to Produce Renewable Hydrogen

(Petrobras)  Unit, with an investment of R$90 million, is expected to start operating in 2026 -- Petrobras will build its first pilot plant for generating renewable hydrogen at the Vale do Açu Thermoelectric Plant, in Alto do Rodrigues, Rio Grande do Norte.

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Denmark Postpones Green Hydrogen Transmission Roll-out to Germany to 2031

by Louise Breusch Rasmussen and Riham Alkousaa (Reuters)  Denmark will postpone the rollout of a green hydrogen transmission pipeline between western Denmark and northern Germany by three years to 2031 from 2028, the country's energy ministry said on Tuesday. Denmark has worked with

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to PEM CO2 Electrolyzer Scale-up

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Twelve is developing and scaling a platform for a reactor that electrochemically transforms biogenic CO2. The company’s core innovation is a membrane electrode assembly that enables CO2 electrolysis. In this project, the company aims towards mass

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Cometstock: Comstock Fuels Yields Are Headed for the Stars. Why?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Feedstock costs look more like 50 cents a gallon at the yields, based on $60 per ton for waste biomass, that have been in our reporting this year, and that’s transformative. So, it’s a comet. Why,

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On the Way to an Emission-Free Future: OSV Coastal Liberty Operates on Green Hydrogen in the German Wadden Sea

(Fuel Cells Works/eCap Marine) First months of running eCap Marine’s containerised hydrogen-electric energy system successful --  In a significant step towards sustainability and emission-free energy sources on board, Offshore Supply Vessel Coastal Liberty has set sail on the waters of the Wadden

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King of the Netherlands Inaugurates Electrolyser for Green Hydrogen Funded by LIFE

(European Commission) The LIFE project NEW HYTS aims to revolutionise heavy transport through the deployment of hydrogen-powered vehicles. -- His Majesty King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands officially inaugurated a new electrolyser for green hydrogen production near Utrecht on 4 October. Developed by

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Plug and Allied Green Execute Binding Framework Agreement for 3 GW Electrolyzer Capacity

(Plug Power) This follows recent completion of MOU and BEDP contracts; Both parties are collaborating to finalize purchase agreement in coming months -- Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in comprehensive hydrogen solutions for the green hydrogen economy, has signed

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Ohmium Providing Electrolyzers for Zero-Emission Transit Network

by Valerie Swiantek (NGT News)  Ohmium International, a green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures and deploys proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, has been selected as the electrolyzer supplier for Lewis County Transit’s zero-emission transportation network. For the first project, Ohmium will install a

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Pertamina NRE Group and Genvia Sign MoU on Advanced Green Hydrogen Production Technology

(Pertamina) PT Pertamina Power Indonesia (“Pertamina NRE”), PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk (“PGE”), and Genvia have signed memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on developing green hydrogen production through the integration of advanced solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEL) technology with geothermal heat

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Tunisia Unveils Ambitious Strategy To Become A Global Leader In Green Hydrogen Production

by Pooja Chandak (Solar Quarter) Tunisia has unveiled an ambitious national strategy aimed at transforming the country into a global leader in green hydrogen production. The North African nation, blessed with abundant solar and wind resources, is poised to leverage these

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Yara Drives Hydrogen Economy with New Ammonia Import Terminal

(Yara) Today, Yara International officially opened its new ammonia import terminal in Brunsbüttel, Germany. Brunsbüttel is located on the North Sea and Kiel Canal, making it an ideal hub for enabling the hydrogen economy in Germany. With the new terminal, Yara

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Lessons from the Kitchen: of LanzaTech, a Protein Shake, New Markets, and Scooby-Doo

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) LanzaTech is back in the news with a budding venture based in manufacturing single-cell protein — usually a side product — as the main product for a new set of biorefineries they have in the pipeline. Plus,

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Avina’s Southern California Clean Hydrogen Project Hits Major Milestone

(Avina)  Company receives necessary permits to begin construction of North America’s landmark on-site electrolytic hydrogen production and dispensing facility.  --  Avina Clean Hydrogen is thrilled to announce that it has received the industrial new construction permit to proceed with the construction of

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DOE Announces $15 Million to Develop Innovative Systems for Clean Hydrogen Production DEADLINE November 22, 2024

(U.S. Department of Energy) Funding Will Support Technologies That Convert Biomass and Other Waste Materials Into an Affordable, Low-Carbon Fuel --  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) today announced up to $15 million in

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Avalon Energy Group Announces its First Integrated Agriculture-Sustainable Aviation Fuel Project (SAF) in Latin America with Endorsement from the Uruguayan Government

(Avalon Energy Group)  Uruguayan Government Endorses the Launch of Avalon Energy Group’s Fully Integrated Agriculture-Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Project in Latin America --  Avalon BioEnergy Uruguay S.A., a subsidiary of the U.S.-based Avalon Energy Group LLC, is proud to announce the launch

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Dispelling Myths around Hydrogen

(OPIS)  Hydrogen today is currently almost entirely used in either refining or industry. It is mostly produced from natural gas or methanol, with less than 1% of hydrogen production coming from low emissions technologies. However, in the last decade, numerous additional

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Methanol a Versatile Chemical and Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The most recent Digest webinar looked into the promise and progress with renewable methanol as a chemical intermediate and as a renewable fuel. Muhammed Islam of S&B Engineers and Constructors took us through this presentation, which

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Biomethanation to Upgrade Biogas to Pipeline Grade Methane

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Renewable natural gas (RNG) is typically produced from biogas using gas separation technology – keeping the CH4 – venting the CO2. Upgrading CO2 present in biogas using naturally-occurring organisms can  increase production 60 – 70%. In

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Deutsche ReGas Completes FEED for Lubmin Hydrogen Hub

(Riviera News) German LNG terminal operator Deutsche ReGas has completed the front-end engineering and design phase for its planned hydrogen hub in Lubmin -- This project, known as H2-Hub Lubmin, started in September 2023. Deutsche ReGas has signed an agreement in principle

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Plug Signs Technical Evaluation Phase Contract for 25 MW of PEM Electrolyzers with Dourogás and CapWatt for 80,000 Ton Per Year Methanol Project

(Plug Power) Plug will collaborate to provide support during the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) phase -- Plug Power Inc. (NASDAQ: PLUG), a global leader in comprehensive hydrogen solutions for the green hydrogen economy, has secured a contract with H2DRIVEN, a project

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Thermax Partners with Ceres for Green Hydrogen Production with Large-Scale Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOEC) Manufacturing in India

(Ceres)  Thermax, a leading energy and environment solutions provider and a trusted partner in energy transition, has announced a strategic collaboration with Ceres Power Holdings plc (CWR.L), a leading developer of clean energy technology. The two companies have entered a non-exclusive,

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Ohmium to Collaborate with Ten08 Energy for 500MW Clean Ammonia Project

(Ohmium)  Ohmium PEM Electrolyzers will generate Green Hydrogen for Ten08 Energy's pioneering 500MW Clean Ammonia Project in Texas.—Ohmium International (“Ohmium”), a leading green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures and deploys advanced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)electrolyzers, has announced a strategic partnership with Ten08

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MAN Energy Solutions and H-TEC SYSTEMS in Cooperation with Helen Oy to Execute Helsinki Hydrogen Plant

(Helen Oy) With its first hydrogen project of three PEM electrolysers Helen Oy will increase its expertise to meet the needs of large-scale hydrogen production. -- Helen Oy, one of Finland's largest energy companies, is joining forces with MAN Energy Solutions and

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The City of St. Cloud buys Nel Electrolyser for Wastewater Treatment Facility

(Nel Hydrogen)  Nel has received a purchase order for an MC250 containerized PEM electrolyser to produce renewable hydrogen at an innovative wastewater treatment facility in St. Cloud, Minnesota, US.  “In the future, the whole community of St. Cloud will use renewable hydrogen

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Asahi Kasei Enters Collaboration with De Nora for Development and Sale of Small-Scale Containerized Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production

(Asahi Kasei)  The Japanese technology company Asahi Kasei has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with De Nora, an Italian multinational company, leader in sustainable technologies, and a manufacturer of electrolyzer cells, small scale electrolyzers, and other components for the production

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GAFT Secures $S1 Million Funding from Temasek Foundation by Winning the Liveability Challenge 2024

(GAFT)  GAFT has emerged as the grand prize winner of The Liveability Challenge 2024, triumphing in the Climate Change track. This remarkable achievement secures us a phenomenal S$1 million in funding!   This funding allows us to showcase our process to produce fatty acids

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Pioneering Plasma-Catalytic Process for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol under Ambient Conditions

(University of Liverpool) Researchers at the University of Liverpool have achieved a significant milestone in the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable fuels and chemicals, marking an important step towards a sustainable net-zero economy. In a paper published in the journal Chem, the team

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Carbon Rebrand: The Carbon Transformation Technology Developed by California-based Twelve Splits Apart Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

by Lisa Gibson (SAF Magazine) The Carbon Transformation Technology developed by California-based Twelve splits apart carbon dioxide (CO2) at low temperatures using electrochemistry, creating foundational elements for fuels, chemicals and plastics. Twelve, founded in 2016, has partnered for demonstration projects to produce

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DRIFT Plans First Green Hydrogen Producing Vessel with Close of Seed Round

(DRIFT Energy)   DRIFT Energy aims to drive the clean energy transition worldwide with high-performance sailing vessels that harness deep ocean wind to produce green hydrogen at sea. The company has secured £4.65 million in seed capital, led by Octopus Ventures with

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Next Hydrogen to Supply Latest Generation Electrolysis Technology for Renewable Energy Ammonia Production Research

(Next Hydrogen) Next Hydrogen Solutions Inc. (the “Company” or “Next Hydrogen“) (TSXV:NXH, OTC:NXHSF), a designer and manufacturer of electrolyzers, is pleased to announce that it has been awarded a contract by the University of Minnesota (UMN) for its latest generation electrolysis technology

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Wales & West to Test Hydrogen Production from Wastewater

(edie/Utility Week)  Wales & West Utilities (WWU) has launched the next stage of a project to use wastewater to produce low-carbon hydrogen. -- The gas network is partnering with Cardiff University and manufacturer Hydrostar with the aim of having a prototype electrolyser

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Saudi Arabia’s NEOM Green Hydrogen Plant Launches Mass Recruitment Drive

by Jennifer Bell (Al Arabiya English)  NEOM Green Hydrogen Company (NGHC) has initiated a major recruitment campaign for its world-leading green hydrogen plant in Saudi Arabia’s futuristic city NEOM, as the project moves closer to its operational phase. The $8.4 billion facility, set

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Hydrogen: The Multifunction Tool of Net-Zero Energy Systems

Derek Wissmiller (Catalyst by GTI Energy/Medium)  Hydrogen has the intrinsic qualities of a fuel. It’s storable and transportable. It can generate high-temperature heat or serve as a chemical feedstock. But hydrogen is no ordinary fuel. It is distinct in that it does not contain

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Norwegian Company Reserves Spot at New Hydrogen Hub at Porto do Açu

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy)  Porto do Açu, a subsidiary of economic group Prumo Logística, and Norwegian developer of green hydrogen and ammonia plants Fuella have signed the first area reservation contract for the newly licensed low-carbon hydrogen hub at the

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DENSO and JERA to Jointly Develop High-Efficiency Hydrogen Generation Technology that Combines SOEC with Waste Heat Utilization and to Conduct Joint Demonstration Testing at a JERA Thermal Power Station

(DENSO/JCN Newswire)  DENSO Corporation (“DENSO”), and JERA Co., Inc. (“JERA”) announce that they will jointly develop high-efficiency hydrogen generation technology that combines SOEC(1) with waste heat utilization and conduct joint demonstration testing at a JERA thermal power station. DENSO for years has

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Alexandre Silveira Says that the Low Carbon Hydrogen Bill Opens a New Idustry for Brazil

(Brazil Ministry of Mines and Energy (Google translation))  The project was sanctioned this Friday (2/8) by President Lula, in Ceará, and will provide regulatory security and credibility to Brazil in the global hydrogen market. -- ill No. 2308/2023, which creates the legal

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A Fifth of U.S. Green Hydrogen Projects Eyed for Water-Stressed Areas

by Alec Luhn (Floodlight)  As the federal government pours billions into hydrogen production to lower greenhouse gas emissions, critics worry water shortages in the Southwest could worsen -- Armed with bright green shovels, executives from the Australian mining giant Fortescue broke ground in May on

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3 Issues to Watch with the Big US Bet on ‘Clean’ Hydrogen

by Clare Fieseler and Brian Dabbs (E&E News Energywire) The Biden administration is preparing decisions that will determine the industry’s fate. --- ... Much of the industry — and Biden’s Democratic allies on Capitol Hill — are frustrated by the Treasury Department’s

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Masdar and TotalEnergies to Develop a Commercial Green Hydrogen to Methanol to SAF project in Abu Dhabi

(Masdar) Focus of project is to decarbonize hard to abate, emission intensive sectors such as aviation and maritime industries; Agreement follows successful test flight by Masdar and TotalEnergies demonstrating potential for converting methanol to SAF; Project will capture and utilize CO2 from an

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Government of Canada Announces $300 Million in Port Hawkesbury on Canada - Germany Hydrogen Alliance

(Natural Resources Canada) Hydrogen will play an essential role in meeting global energy needs, whether in energy security, energy transition or the broader climate imperative. Canada’s vast natural resources, world-leading technology companies, and existing energy infrastructure position us as a secure

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Commission Approves €998 Million Dutch State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €998 million Dutch scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen. The measure aims to contribute to the development of renewable hydrogen in line with the objectives of

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BP to Construct 5 to 10 Green Hydrogen Projects this Decade, CEO Days

by Ron Bousso (Reuters)  BP (BP.L) aims to construct five to 10 low-carbon hydrogen projects this decade in order to produce clean fuels and reduce greenhouse emissions, CEO Murray Auchincloss said on Tuesday. The so-called green hydrogen, produced through electrolysis using renewable power, will

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Carbon Accounting for Sustainable Biofuels

(BioFuture Platform)  The development of sustainable biofuels is at a pivotal juncture. They are recognised for their important role in decarbonising the transport sector – particularly for their potential to help reduce aviation and shipping emissions, and for their complementarity with

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DEME and OQ Join Forces with bp for HYPORT Duqm Project in Oman

(DEME)  DEME and OQ recently reached an agreement to have bp as an equity partner and operator in the HYPORT Duqm project. bp will acquire a 49% stake, while OQ and DEME will each maintain a 25.5% stake in the project

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Now Available! U.S. Department of Energy Sustainable Aviation Fuel State-of-Industry Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO), released the first two parts of the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) State-of-Industry Report. The report focuses on how to achieve the near-term fuel production

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CATAGEN First to Submit Sustainable Aviation Fuel Sample to EU SAF Clearing House

by Victoria McConnell  (CATAGEN) CATAGEN, a net-zero technologies company, is the first to submit a sample of its sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to the recently established EU SAF Clearing House. SAF is a safe replacement for conventional fossil-based jet fuel and can be used in existing aeroplanes to reduce emissions

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HIF Global Signs Collaboration Agreement with Airbus for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(HIF Global) Agreement paves the way for e-Fuels, made from renewable electricity, water, and recycled carbon dioxide, to reduce net CO2 emissions in the aviation sector   -- - HIF Global has announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with Airbus to advance the global

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Offshore Wind Turbines Offer Path for Clean Hydrogen Production

by Wayne Hicks (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  NREL Researchers Identify Promising Locations off US Coastlines for Installation of Technology -- Using electricity generated by offshore wind turbines as one pathway to split water to produce clean hydrogen may make economic sense, particularly

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Pacific Northwest Hydrogen Hub Awarded $27.5 Mil to Begin Project's First Phase

Kassia Micek and Santiago Canel Soria (S&P Global)  PNWH2 Phase one is expected to last 12-18 months -- ... "OCED is working with PNWH2 to build a clean hydrogen ecosystem across Washington, Oregon and Montana that leverages the region's abundant renewable resources

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SunHydrogen Announces Agreement with CTF Solar GmbH, Global Innovator of Thin Film Solar Cell Modules, to Accelerate Production of Green Hydrogen Panels

(SunHydrogen)  SunHydrogen, Inc. (OTCQB: HYSR), the developer of a breakthrough technology to produce renewable hydrogen using sunlight and water, today announced that the Company has entered into a technology collaboration agreement with CTF Solar GmbH to integrate CTF’s solar cell

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HDF Energy signed MoU with Department of Energy and Mindanao Development Authority to Boost Sustainable Energy for a Greener Philippine Economy

(HDF Energy)   Hydrogène de France (HDF Energy), a leading force in large-scale green hydrogen infrastructure and high-power fuel cell manufacturing, has strengthened its partnership with the Department of Energy (DoE) and the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA) by signing a joint Memorandum

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ABS Releases 'Industry-First' Ammonia Bunkering Guidance

by Gary Howard (Seatrade Marine News) ABS has published a new advisory covering technical and operational challenges in ammonia bunkering from the perspective of both the source and receiving vessel. -- Ammonia is among the maritime industry's future fuel contenders due to

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KBR Awarded Advisory Consulting Contract for Kuwait Oil Company’s Renewables and Hydrogen Masterplan Project

(KBR) KBR (NYSE: KBR) announced today it has been awarded an advisory consulting contract by Kuwait Oil Company for the development of a country wide masterplan for the production of 17GW of renewables and 25GW of green hydrogen by 2050.  Under the

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1968: Are We Back There Again? Can the Bioeconomy Help?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... A bigger and more worthy task, equal in impact to the Apollo moon shot, is to de-risk industrial biotechnology investments and de-carbonize agriculture. Those are not drops in the ocean, they are each of them,

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MXene Breakthrough to Transform Green Hydrogen Production

(Innovation News Network)  Scientists at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) have developed a revolutionary MXene that may advance green hydrogen production. The team has developed the oxidatively stable molybdenum-based MXene as an electrocatalyst support for anion exchange membrane water electrolysers. Due to its stability under

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Spain to Launch New $2.5 bln Plan to Support Green Hydrogen, Renewable Industry

by Emma Pinedo and Pietro Lombardi (Reuters) Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez on Wednesday (July 17, 2024) announced a new plan worth 2.3 billion euros ($2.5 billion) to boost the country's transition to clean energy, including subsidies for green energy industries and hydrogen

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EU's Green Hydrogen Goals Not Realistic, Auditors Say

by Kate Abnett (Reuters) The European Union's goals to produce and import green hydrogen fuel are unrealistic and unlikely to be met despite billions of euros in funding, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) said on Wednesday. The European Commission has

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EUR 250 Million for Hydrogen Projects in Hamburg

(Hamburg News)  German government and city investing in  "Hamburg Green Hydrogen Hub" and  HH-WIN hydrogen network. Funding decisions handed over.   --  The German Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK) handed over Tuesday (July 16, 2024) funding decisions on two “Important Project

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DOE Launches First-ever Hydrogen Hub with $12.6 Billion Deal

by Clare Fieseler (Political Pro Energywire) The California hub known as ARCHES plans to produce "clean" hydrogen at 10 sites for energy projects around the state.   --  The Department of Energy signed a $12.6 billion agreement Wednesday with a California hydrogen hub,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Green Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced by global hydrogen producers in shifting towards low carbon hydrogen — new technologies for green hydrogen, new carbon capture opportunities to make blue hydrogen, and much more, including

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Denmark Approves Certification Scheme for PtX Producers

by Patrick Jowett (PV Magazine)  The Danish Energy Agency says its new certification scheme is a “short-term transitional solution” to launch Power-to-X (PtX) projects this year. It will eventually be replaced with the European Commission’s certification system. The Danish Energy Agency has

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Decarbonizing the Aviation Sector: Global Bioenergies Extends Its Technological Process to the Production of e-SAF

(Global Bioenergies) a unique e-SAF with a record selectivity rate of 95% compared to existing technologies; a complementary approach to ASTM-certified SAF technology, substituting a plant-based resource for a synthetic resource  --  Global Bioenergies announced today that it has adapted its process for

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MOU Signed for 35,000 Hectares of Land in Sonora, Mexico, to Propel Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production

(Aslan Energy Capital/PR Newswire) A significant step towards sustainable energy production and environmental preservation was taken by Aslan Energy Capital (Aslan Energy) by signing an MOU for the acquisition of 35,000 hectares of land in Sonora, Mexico. The land will serve as

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Air Travel and Climate: German Plant Produces First Quantities of Carbon-Neutral Synthetic Kerosene

(Atmosfair) A pilot plant in northern Germany has produced the first quantities of CO2-neutral aviation fuel on an industrial scale, using renewable electricity, water, and CO2 extracted from the air. Among the customers are two German tour operators, suggesting that air

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Vattenfall and Shell Have Decided to Pause Their Collaboration in the HySkies Electrofuel Project

(Vattenfall)  Vattenfall continues review of HySkies project scope -- Vattenfall and Shell have decided to pause their collaboration in the HySkies electrofuel project while Vattenfall continues the search for new partners to join potential industry decarbonisation developments in the Forsmark region. In 2021

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UK’s First Offshore Hydrogen Production Trials Kick off in South Wales

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy) After six years of development, sustainability consultancy ERM has launched offshore trials to test its Dolphyn Hydrogen process which combines electrolysis, desalination, and hydrogen production on a floating wind platform, marking the first time hydrogen has

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Fraunhofer Develops Tandem Module for Direct Hydrogen Production

by Jochen Siemer (PV Magazine) Three Fraunhofer institutes in Germany have developed “an exciting alternative” to hydrogen production using electrolyzers in the Neo-PEC joint research project. “PEC” stands for “photoelectrochemical cell,” which is a cell that enables direct solar water splitting. The

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Yara Clean Ammonia, Scatec, ECHEM and MOPCO Sign Heads of Terms for Renewable Ammonia Offtake Agreement in Egypt

(Yara)  Scatec ASA, a leading renewable energy solutions provider, and its partners, ECHEM and MOPCO, have agreed on Heads of Terms for renewable ammonia offtake from Egypt with Yara Clean Ammonia, the world's largest trader- and distributor of ammonia. Ammonia tanker Yara

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Voltalia and TAQA Arabia Sign Framework Agreement for Renewable Energy and Green Hydrogen Cluster in Egypt

by Kanika Singh (Solar Quarter) Voltalia, a global leader in renewable energies, and its partner TAQA Arabia have signed a framework agreement during the Egypt-EU Investment Conference 2024, held on June 29-30 in Cairo. The conference was held under the auspices

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CAPHENIA and Condor Have Entered into an Agreement for the Future Procurement of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).

(CAPHENIA)  As a partner, Condor will support the further development of the process to market maturity while securing access to agreed-upon quantities once production reaches an industrial scale. This is expected to occur in 2027.  --  ... Dr. Mark Misselhorn, CEO of

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Decision to Install Small-Scale Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Production Test Rig for further Development of CO₂ to SAF Synthesis Technologies

(IHI Corporation)  -The next stage of world-class synthesis technology development- - IHI Corporation together with the Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE²)(*1), a research institute under the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, has been working on the

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Models on the Runway: Is SAF Ready for Take-off?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... So, at EUBCE, you ask, what is the buzz on the floor? To paraphrase Monty Python:, it is SAF, SAF, SAF, SAF, carbon price on chemicals, eSAF, SAF, SAF and eSAF. So many people had so many

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This Engine Runs on Water and Will Be Commercialized: Better than Hydrogen and More than 400 hp

by D. Garcia (EcoNews/ECOticia) ... In addition to the usual use of hydrogen, some engine manufacturers are exploring the possibility of burning hydrogen with combustion engines. This operation is more inefficient, but retains much of the essence of these engines,

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Sweco Supports VoltH2 in Design and Development of New Green Hydrogen Plant in the Netherlands

(Sweco) The European energy company VoltH2 has selected Sweco as its partner for the design and development of a new hydrogen plant in Delfzijl in the Netherlands. The production facility has received the necessary permits and is currently in the

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FRV Announces $5 Billion Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Production Project in Ceará’s Pecém Port

by Kavitha (Solar Quarter) In a meeting with Governor Elmano de Freitas, executives from FRV, part of the Jameel Energy group, announced their ambitious green hydrogen (H2V) production project in the Pecém Industrial and Port Complex (CIPP). Named H2 Cumbuco, the

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How Water Could Be the Future of Fuel

by Nicolás Rivero and Emily Wright (Washington Post) A new generation of fuels could power planes and ships without warming the planet. -- ... Turning hydrogen into liquid fuel could help slash planet-warming pollution from heavy vehicles, cutting a key source of emissions

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Utility Global

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Claus Nussgruber, the CEO of Utility Global, made his ABLC debut with this look at the hydrogen landscape and in particular the eXEROtechnology platform, with the promise of electrolysis without costly and hard to secure electricity.

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Now Available! U.S. Department of Energy Clean Fuels & Products Shot™ Summit Questions & Answers

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Clean Fuels & Products Shot™ Summit Questions & Answers (Q&A) are now available. Stakeholders across government, industry, academia, and non-profit organizations attended the two-day virtual event to learn about the Shot’s objectives, progress, priorities,

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Texas Water Fight Shows Pushback on ‘Clean’ Hydrogen

by Christian Robles (E&E News Energywire) A Texas hydrogen project is facing criticism over whether it will have adequate water supplies, illustrating how local disputes on everything from pipelines to air pollution threaten the industry’s build-out. Near Corpus Christi, environmentalists and some

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White Summit to Invest 250 Million Euros in Spanish Green Methanol Plant

by Pietro Lombardi (Reuters)  Infrastructure investment firm White Summit Capital will invest 250 million euros ($267 million) in a green hydrogen and methanol plant in Spain, a person familiar with the matter told Reuters. The investment aims to tap into demand from

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Infinium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Infinium is a Commercial Scale decarbonization Platform for heavy transport, utilizing existing infrastructure for lower emissions today. Infinium’s production process uses renewable power, waste CO2 and water and, unlike most of today’s SAF and Renewable Diesel,

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Space Age Fertilizer: Landus Green Ammonia Plant Online in Iowa

by Matthew J. Grassi (AgWeb)  Landus Cooperative is celebrating the grand opening of a new 75,000-square-foot fertilizer production and distribution facility in Boone, Iowa, this week.  According to the cooperative, the $15 million sustainable fertilizer facility will produce an 82-0-0 slow-release ammonium

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Yara Opens Renewable Hydrogen Plant: “A Major Milestone”

(Yara)  Today (June 10, 2024), Yara International is officially opening its renewable hydrogen plant at Herøya, Norway. Yara is now producing renewable hydrogen and ammonia and has already delivered the first tonnes of fertilizers made from renewable ammonia produced at

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Power-to-X: A New Pathway for SAF

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo* (Advanced Biofuels USA) In the third Webinar, the theme was one of the most promising alternatives for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, not only for civil aviation but in different areas: Power-to-X (PT-X) technology. Before the

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HPCL Commissions India’s First Highly Efficient ‘Solid Oxide Electrolyser’ for Green H2 Generation

(Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. has successfully commissioned India’s first Solid Oxide based Electrolyser (SOE) at its HP Green R&D Centre, Bengaluru for Green Hydrogen (GH2) generation. This highly efficient pilot-scale electrolyzer can generate Green Hydrogen with 99.99%

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Aviation Industry Calls for More Funding for Synthetic Green Fuels

by Joanna Plucinska (Reuters) Europe will need to invest more into synthetic aviation fuels if it hopes to meet its net zero targets and decarbonise aviation by 2050 as it can't only rely on biofuel, according to industry leaders, with many

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Zero to Accelerate Synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuel (eSAF) Adoption with Airbus Partnership

(Notion/EIN Presswire) Zero has signed a MOU with Airbus to advance the development of synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuel & enable commercial-scale adoption of the technology --  Zero has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Airbus to advance the development of synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuel

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OMV Petrom to Invest 750 Million Euro in Biofuel Plants

by Alexandru Cristea (See News) Romania’s top oil and gas group OMV Petrom [BSE:SNP] said on Tuesday that it will invest around 750 million euro ($806.2 million) to build several sustainable fuel plants at its Petrobrazi refinery, near the southern city

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China to Exceed ‘Green’ Hydrogen Target ahead of Schedule, Beating Rest of World Combined

by Yujie Xue (South China Morning Post) Output of hydrogen made using renewable energy on track to beat a 2025 target of 200,000 tonnes, Rystad Energy report says.  --  China is set to surpass its national hydrogen production targets, solidifying its leading

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Ground-Breaking Hydrogen and Bio-Methanol Collaboration Ready for Global Giant Markets

(Norwegian Hydrogen) Ålesund-based Glocal Green and Norwegian Hydrogen have entered into a collaboration agreement on large-scale production of what is also known as bio-e-methanol. -- While Glocal Green is focusing on the possibilities within bio-methanol as its contribution to the green shift,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Blue Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If designed cars are a thing, why can’t designer hydrogen be a thing? So asks Terry Mazanec of LEC Partners in this ABLC 2024 presentation. He notes that clean hydrogen represents just 0.7 percent of global

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Commission Kick-Starts Work on a New Pilot Mechanism to Boost the Hydrogen Market

(European Commission) Today (June 3, 2024), the Commission is taking further steps to support the development of the European hydrogen market by launching work on a pilot mechanism. The new mechanism was created under the recently-adopted decarbonised gases and hydrogen package, and aims to accelerate investments by

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ACWA Power and Tunisian Government Sign MOU for Major Green Hydrogen Project

(ACWA Power)  - ACWA Power to explore the development of major green hydrogen project with a first phase of a capacity of 200,000 tonnes per year powered by 4GW of renewable energy.   - Tunisia is envisioned as a central node for green hydrogen

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First Green Hydrogen Plant Starts Trial Operation

(Hungary Today) Hungary’s first green hydrogen plant was inaugurated on Monday at the Bükkábrány Energy Park (northeastern Hungary). At the inauguration ceremony of the plant, Energy Minister Csaba Lantos stressed that the plant not only serves the fight against climate change,

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Vast Receives Planning Consent for CSP-powered Solar Methanol Project in Port Augusta

(Vast)  Vast (Vast Renewables Limited) (Nasdaq: VSTE), a renewable energy company specialising in concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) energy systems that generate zero-carbon, utility-scale electricity and industrial process heat, has received planning consent for Solar Methanol 1 (SM1), a CSP-powered reference

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European Commission Begins Developing Hydrogen Market Pilot

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Belgium, the European Commission is taking further steps to support the development of the European hydrogen market by launching work on a pilot mechanism. The new mechanism was created under the recently-adopted decarbonized gases and hydrogen

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Ceres Signs Contract with Shell for Green Hydrogen

(Ceres) Contract to design a 10MW pressurised solid oxide electrolyser (“SOEC”) module to produce green hydrogen at 36kWh/kg; Builds on the data being generated from the existing demonstration of Ceres’ technology at Shell’s R&D facility in Bangalore, India; Develops pathways for the commercialisation

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Capwatt selects Sumitomo SHI FW as Gasification Technology Partner for the Pioneering Mangualde Renewable Methanol Project

(Sumitomo) Sumitomo SHI FW (SFW) has signed an agreement with Capwatt to provide Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) services for a state-of-the-art syngas production plant, integral to the groundbreaking Mangualde Renewable Methanol project in Portugal. This initiative aims to build a cutting-edge biorefinery

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Ohmium Selected to Provide 10MW PEM Electrolyzers for First Green Hydrogen Project in Croatia

(Ohmium International) Ohmium International (“Ohmium”), a leading green hydrogen company that designs, manufactures, and deploys advanced Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, is pleased to announce that it was selected to equip the first green hydrogen project in Croatia. Ohmium was selected

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Circe Bioscience Licenses Technology to Decarbonize Industry with Microbes Developed at Wyss Institute at Harvard University

by Lindsay Brownell (Wyss Institute at  Harvard Office of Technology Development) Novel gas fermentation approach enables engineered microbes to eat greenhouse gases and produce valuable products for multiple uses -- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University announced that Circe,

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Hydrogen Supply Outlook 2024: A Reality Check

(BloombergNEF)  BNEF expects clean H2 supply to skyrocket 30-fold to 16.4 million metric tons per year by 2030, driven by supportive policy and a maturing project pipeline. Still, this is not sufficient to meet most government targets. Less than a third

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Arnhem to Host First e-Methanol System in Benelux

by Alan Sherrard  (Bioenergy International) In the Netherlands, a consortium with Bright Renewables and HyGear, both part of the HoSt Group, and the University of Twente are set to construct Benelux's first electro-methanol (e-methanol) system. The joint project, "Towards Acceleration and Demonstration of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Standardized eMethanol Production

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Flemming Kanstrup and Robert Buckley-Mellor of Topsoe and Worley respectively presented these slides at ABLC 2024 on new revenue for biogenic CO2 via eMethanol — highlighting that market maturity breaks the barriers to entry for producers

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Europe’s Spending Billions on Green Hydrogen. It’s a Risky Gamble

by Rachel Morison and Petra Sorge (Bloomberg)  Governments and companies want the clean fuel to play a big role in fueling the continent. If they’re wrong, the planet will be worse off than before. The tree-lined street in Leipzig may seem an

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Smelly but Clean: How Ammonia Might Kill Coal under the IRA

by Benjamin Storrow (Politico Pro Climatewire) Biden's climate law is funding "green ammonia" projects in hopes of using the chemical to power the grid, fuel cargo ships and make fertilizer. -- The stinky ammonia under your sink comes from one of the world's

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Asahi Kasei Starts Operation of Multi-Module Hydrogen Pilot Plant in Kawasaki

(Asahi Kasei) Important milestone towards realization of 100 MW-class alkaline-water electrolysis systems -- The Japanese technology company Asahi Kasei is further accelerating its hydrogen business activities. On May 13, company representatives and partners including the Japanese government celebrated the official opening of

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Boric Presents Plan to Produce Green Hydrogen: "A Window of Opportunity for Chile"

(infobae (Google Translation))  The Chilean president, Gabriel Boric, presented this Thursday the Green Hydrogen Action Plan, a set of 80 measures with which Chile seeks to reduce the installation and production costs of green hydrogen by 2030, and thus become

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Antwerp-Bruges and Namport to Invest in Hydrogen and Ammonia Export Hub

(World Cargo News)  Port of Antwerp-Bruges partners with Namport to develop a EUR 250M hydrogen export hub in Walvis Bay, leveraging Namibia’s solar energy advantage. -- The Port of Antwerp-Bruges collaborates with Namport, a state-owned Namibian port operator, to establish a hydrogen

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Will Making Hydrogen ‘Green’ Depend on China?

by Christian Robles (E&E News) Machinery that makes hydrogen fuel from water could become another energy technology whose production is centered in Asia. ... China leads the world in producing the essential technology for green hydrogen made from renewables: electrolyzers. The machines use

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European Hydrogen Bank Pilot Auction Results

(European Commission)The first EU-wide auction (IF23 Auction) for the production of RFNBO (renewable fuel of non-biological origin) hydrogen was launched on 23 November 2023 and closed on 8 February 2024. The auction attracted 132 projects bids from 17 European countries You

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to DG Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) DG Fuels is an emerging leader in renewable hydrogen and biogenic based, synthetic low emissions aviation and diesel fuel, and this deck looks at their second-generation cellulosic biofuel and their market expansion plans, whose hydrogen content

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Hybrid Electric Flight Pioneer Ampaire Ground Tests Dimensional Energy e-Fuel

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir) Electric aviation pioneer Ampaire has partnered with Dimensional Energy, an emerging power-to-liquid producer, to perform a ground test of a hybrid-electric powertrain using 100% e-SAF created by converting carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere. The two US-based companies performed

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Groundbreaking H2@Scale Project Unveils Hydrogen Proto-Hub

(GTI Energy)  First-of-its-kind facility will foster innovation in the production and deployment of low-carbon hydrogen --  Frontier Energy, Inc., GTI Energy, and the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin, today hosted the grand opening of a hydrogen research

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MOL Group Inaugurates Green Hydrogen Plant of the Region

(MOL Group) MOL produces 1600 tonnes of green hydrogen per year using electricity from renewable sources; The plant will reduce carbon dioxide emissions of the Danube Refinery by 25 000 tonnes; With the introduction of this technology, MOL Group has taken an important

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Commission Approves €350 Million German State Aid Scheme to Support Renewable Hydrogen Production

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €350 million German scheme to support the production of renewable hydrogen through the European Hydrogen Bank's “Auctions-as-a-Service” tool. The German measure is in line notably with the objectives of the REPowerEU Plan and

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OCP and Fortescue to Partner to Develop Green Energy, Hydrogen and Ammonia in Morocco

(Fortescue)  Today (April 8, 2024), OCP Group, a global leader in plant nutrition and phosphate-based fertilizers, and Fortescue Energy, part of global green energy, metals and technology company Fortescue Ltd (Fortescue), announced a landmark Joint Venture (JV) in Morocco. This equal partnership

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RIL, Tata Motors, IOCL to Be Key Bidders for Green Hydrogen Pilot Project: Report

(Business Today) The pilot project will help identify operational issues and gaps in terms of technology readiness, regulations, implementation, infrastructure and supply chains. -- Reliance Industries (RIL), Tata Motors and Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) are likely to be key bidders for

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Axpo and ENEGO Consider 100 MW Green Hydrogen Production Plant in Sicily

(Axpo Group)  Axpo has signed a cooperation agreement with French energy investor ENEGO to study the feasibility of a 100 MW green hydrogen plant in Sicily, it was announced today (April 9, 2024). The project shall be located in the Priolo-Augusta

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to OMC Thermochemistry

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Low cost green hydrogen and syngas using heat and domesitically abundant materials.  READ MORE

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CapCO2 and Adkins Energy Are Building the Largest Green Methanol Network

by Violet George (Carbon Herald) Carbon capture company CapCO2 Solutions has teamed up with Illinois ethanol producer Adkins Energy to build what is currently the world’s largest network for green methanol.  In addition to making methanol more environmentally friendly, CapCO2 boasts the unique advantage

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cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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