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Secondary Impacts from Rising Used Cooking Oil Demand on Crop-Oil Prices

by Andrew Swanson, Shawn Arita, Joseph Cooper, and Seth Meyer (farmdoc daily)  Renewable fuel policies like the national Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) have created a boom in the consumption of alternative diesels. These alternative diesels come

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Pricing of Ethanol Blends at the Pump Differs in the Short Term Compared with the Long Term

by Simla Tokgoz  (U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service)  By law, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets targets for blending renewable fuels such as ethanol with traditional transportation fuels to implement the mandates set by the Energy Independence and

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Guidance -- The SAF Mandate: An Essential Guide

(U.K. Department for Transport) What is sustainable aviation fuel?  Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are fuels that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation over their lifecycle when compared to standard jet fuel. SAF can be made from a variety of feedstocks and can be

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Domestic Next-Gen Feedstocks: Revolutionizing the Bioeconomy (Parts 1 and 2)

by Jennifer Kaplan (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) Imagine a bioeconomy where sustainability is a fundamental prerequisite. While we have made much progress on bioeconomy technology, the challenges of developing verifiably “sustainable” feedstock remains a challenge. The fact remains that to achieve the promise

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Long-Term Strategy for Biofuels

(Biofuels International) Biofuel producers and investors in Europe undoubtedly face a challenging future, although maybe one with a little more hope than has been true of the past decade of high promise and low achievement. For all the ambitious words and targets

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Biofuel Struggles to Gain Traction in the Americas

by Debarati Bhattacharjee (Engine) While some ports offer biofuel blends, infrastructure remains limited compared to that of conventional fuels. Supply is confined to a few locations, and logistics often depend on trucks or third-party arrangements rather than dedicated facilities or barges.

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Prioritizing Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in South Korea Could Benefit the Domestic Economy and Global Decarbonization Efforts

(Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA))   South Korea can lead the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) industry with its advanced recycling system and above-average waste recycling rate -- A new report by the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA) highlights

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CAER, State Energy & Environment Cabinet Launch Sustainable Aviation Fuel Study Survey DEADLINE December 31, 2024

by Dave Melanson (University of Kentucky)  The University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) and the Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet (EEC) are launching a survey as part of a collaborative Biomass Feedstock for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Project, which is funded by

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to ResourceWise and the Growing Demand for SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation deck from ResourceWise, a consulting firm specializing in biofuel markets, highlights the growing global demand for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) and bio-based diesel. The presentation deck focuses on the increasing adoption of SAF and

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New Deep-Dive Video Resources on the 2023 Billion-Ton Report Now Available

(U.S. Department of Agriculture)  New deep-dive videos about the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office's (BETO's) 2023 Billion-Ton Report (BT23) are now available to help users access and apply the report findings and associated online data resources.  --  New deep-dive videos

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Biofuels Can Help Solve NY’s Electricity Problem

Guest Opinion by Rocco J. Lacertosa & Kris DeLair (New York State Energy Coalition Inc. / Empire State Energy Association Inc./Syracuse.com)  There are many aspects of the scope and scale of New York’s energy system that boggle the mind. Uncertainty about where

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New Method Enables Biofuel Fingerprinting in an Hour

(Marine Link)  The Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonization (GCMD) has introduced a new technique that creates a fingerprint for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) biofuels that can identify the origins of the fuel's feedstock. The shipping industry is increasingly using biofuels, such as FAME,

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Innovations for Reducing Food Loss and Waste

(U.S. Department of Agriculture) ARS researchers are finding innovative ways to reduce food loss and waste – from farm to table. -- The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s chief scientific in-house research agency. Our job is finding

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Haffner Energy Launches Its Hydrogen Production, Testing and Training Center in Champagne, France

(Haffner Energy)  Inaugurated today (November 22, 2024), Haffner Energy’s hydrogen production, testing and training center is about to start producing renewable hydrogen using its patented biomass and organic waste thermolysis process. The project, a laureate of the France 2030 and Territoires

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RFA to CARB: Time to Step Up Monitoring and Verification of Imported UCO Feedstock

(Renewable Fuels Association)  In comments submitted today (NOvember 25, 2024) in response to a request for information from the California Air Resources Board, the Renewable Fuels Association urged the state agency to do more to ensure the integrity of imported used cooking oil

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Neste and PCS to Bring Renewable Solutions to Southeast Asia’s Chemicals Industry

(Neste) Neste will supply renewable Neste RE to PCS in Singapore. PCS will produce essential products, such as ethylene, propylene or butadiene, for customers in various industries.   --  Neste and Singapore-based essential chemicals company PCS Pte. Ltd. (“PCS”) have launched a cooperation for

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Bunker Fuel Hubs Report Problems with Cashew Nut-Based Biofuel Blends

by Jamey Bergman (Riviera)  A Singapore-based fuel testing group has recommended that shipowners avoid cashew nut fuels and blends -- ’Several’ ships in the fuel bunkering hubs of Singapore and Rotterdam have reported operational problems after apparently bunkering fuel blended with Cashew

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bp and MIGASA Agree to Supply Non-food Industrial Waste to Produce Biofuels at the Castellón Refinery

(bp)  -- bp has signed an agreement with the agri-food group MIGASA for the supply of up to 40,000 tonnes per year of non-food industrial waste from vegetable oil for a decade.  -- bp will use the biological feedstock to produce

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Topsoe to Provide Technology for One of Brazil’s First Commercial Scale Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production Plants

by Ulrik Frøhlke (Topsoe)  • Refinaria Riograndense, based in Rio Grande, Brazil, aims to produce 16,000 barrels per day of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Topsoe will deliver its HydroFlex™ and H2bridge™ technologies, enabling SAF and renewable diesel production from soybean oil

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U.S. Department of Energy Releases New Report on Pathways to Commercial Liftoff for Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(U.S. Department of Energy) New Report Identifies Key Strategies to Increase Production and Position the United States to Lead the Global SAF Economy by 2030  -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced the release of its latest Pathways to Commercial

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Challenges and Opportunities for B.C. Biofuels

by Nelson Bennett (Delta Optimist) Biofuels' environmental and economic opportunities for Canada: C.D. Howe -- Canada is well-positioned to profit both environmentally and economically from a growing biofuel industry, but faces risks in scaling up biofuel production in a way that is

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Honeywell UOP and Johnson Matthey Join Forces to Cut Costs and Boost Deployment of Sustainable Fuels

(Johnson Matthey)  - Johnson Matthey and Honeywell are combining expertise to provide a comprehensive end-to-end solution to produce fuels from a wide variety of feedstocks.  - The new partnership builds on an existing partnership in low carbon (CCS-enabled) hydrogen.  Johnson Matthey

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Suomen Lantakaasu Invested More than 80 Million in the Kiuruvesi Biogas Plant Project

(Suomen Lantakaasu) Suomen Lantakaasu Oy's biogas plant to be built in Kiuruvedi is to produce renewable liquefied biogas from the manure of Ylä-Savo's cattle farms and other side streams of agriculture and the food industry. The investment covers the construction of

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The Making of a Monster: the Greasezilla, BP story

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... For now, we have the company Greasezilla, known to mere mortals as Downey Ridge Environmental, which has snagged a massive partnership with BP and is well on the way to revolutionize brown grease collection and its availability as

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Bangchak, Charoen Pokphand Foods Sign SAF Feedstock Agreement

(Bangchak Corporation Public Company/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Thai petroleum and energy conglomerate Bangchak and Charoen Pokphand Foods held a signing ceremony Oct. 28 for a business sustainability cooperation agreement to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from used cooking oil. Under the agreement, Bangchak

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Updated Estimates of the Production Capacity of U.S. Renewable Diesel Plants Through 2026

by Maria Gerveni and Scott Irwin (farmdoc Daily)  Renewable diesel production capacity in the U.S. exploded in recent years, increasing over three billion gallons (farmdoc daily, March 8, 2023; March 29, 2023).  This had a substantial impact on fats and oils feedstock markets, as

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to BioVeritas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation deck highlights BioVeritas’s innovative approach to producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) using a bio-based process called the BioVeritas Process™. The presentation deck emphasizes BioVeritas’s commitment to unlocking a wide range of feedstocks for SAF

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to GreenStar BCS

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This  presentation delivered at the ABLC Conference in 2024 highlights Green Star BCS’s expertise in the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) sector. The company, with a global team of “Molecule Managers,” provides consulting services focused on techno-economic

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RMI and World Energy Partner to Lower the Carbon Footprint of Business Travel

(RMI)  As climate leaders prepare to fly to San Jose for the VERGE Conference, sustainable aviation fuel certificates offer a solution to air transport emissions. -- Five-year contract will deliver 954 metric tons of carbon reduction; Equivalent of flying more than 1500 economy passengers round

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Chandra Asri Group Invests in Biofront’s Indonesian UCO-Collection Unit

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Indonesia-based chemical and infrastructure-solutions company Chandra Asri Group announced Oct. 28 that it has invested in TUKR, Biofront’s Indonesian used cooking oil (UCO) collection unit. TUKR handles the entire process from UCO collection, filtration, storage, and

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Brazilian Producer Be8 Set to Begin Manufacturing Newly Branded, Double-Distilled Biodiesel for Use as B100

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) The Brazilian biodiesel producer Be8, formerly known as BSBios, is planning to begin production of a newly branded biodiesel product in November called “BeVant.” BeVant is an advanced biodiesel with a high degree of purity that can

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The Potential of Renewable Diesel

by Carrie Song (Neste/NGT News) ... There have been arguments suggesting that renewable liquid fuels are just the bridging solutions before all the vehicles and equipment transition to electric or hydrogen. However, recently a number of car giants have made changes

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Indian Oil Advocates Integrating Biodiesel Processing within Existing Refineries to Meet 5% Biodiesel Blending Target

by Shahkar Abidi  (Autocar Professional)  Indian Oil, India’s largest state-owned oil and gas corporation, is urging the government to allow biodiesel to be processed alongside traditional crude oil at its refineries, a shift it argues could facilitate the country’s ambitions

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Interview: Ethanol Earmarked for European Road-Use Could Go to Other Transport Ends: Raizen

by Thomas Washington, Harry Clyne, and Daniel Workman  (S&P Global)  Second-generation ethanol from waste has potential in aviation and shipping;  Building 270 million liters nameplate capacity by 2025, mostly sold to Europe; Exploring new pathways like converting lignin residue into advanced biofuels Brazilian energy

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Southwest Airlines Brings Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Chicago Midway International Airport in the State's Largest SAF Supply Agreement

(Southwest Airlines) Supply from Valero is expected to deliver the highest volume of SAF announced to date in Illinois -- Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV) today announced a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) supply agreement with Valero Marketing and Supply Company (Valero), a subsidiary of

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Eco-Energy Commences Operations at its Newton, Iowa Renewable Feedstock Distribution Terminal

(Eco-Energy/Business Wire) Eco-Energy, a leading renewable energy supply chain company, has commenced operations at its newly built renewable feedstock distribution facility located in Newton, Iowa. The facility will provide Marathon Petroleum Company the ability to aggregate renewable feedstocks (e.g., distillers corn

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Repsol Supplies Bio-LNG to Brittany Ferries for the First Time in Spain

(Repsol)  - This is the first test of its kind for the two companies, consisting of the supply of three truck-loads, totalling 60 tons of bio-LNG to be used in Brittany Ferries LNG-fuelled vessels. It is the first supply of its kind

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What's Really in Your Tank? Ireland to Raise Concerns about Fraudulent Biofuel with EU Ministers

by Valerie Flynn (The Journal)  The government will raise concern over palm oil waste-based biofuel, as its use here soars. -- As reported by The Journal last month, a 24% increase in biofuel use in Ireland last year was largely met with an additional

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VTTI and Connex Intend to Develop Renewable Feedstock Pretreatment Facility in Amsterdam

(VTTI)  VTTI and Connex are joining forces to develop a renewable feedstock or 'Greenstock' Pretreatment Facility (GPF) at VTTI’s terminal in Amsterdam (ETA). -- VTTI, an industry leader in energy infrastructure, and Connex, a renewable feedstocks trader, are joining forces to develop

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President Lula Signs the "Future Fuel" Law

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo*  (Advanced Biofuels USA) On October 8, 2024, President Lula da Silva signed the "Future Fuel" Bill (PL 528/2020) into law at an event held at the Brasília Military Air Base. This legislation, which was introduced

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Aviation, Maritime Demand to Fuel Global Biofuel Feedstock Race by 2030

by Samyak Pandey (S&P Global) Biofuel market expected to grow sharply to 58 million tons by 2030; Stricter aviation, maritime mandates to prompt higher biofuel blending; Increased demand for feedstocks to further drive prices -- Global biofuel demand is poised to shift

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Asian Countries Agree to Establish Sustainable Fuel Supply Chain with a Focus on Biofuels

by Samyak Pandey (S&P Global)  Agreement between Indonesian and Japanese companies for SAF derived from coconut oil; Toyota Tsusho and Pertamina to develop biofuels and green hydrogen -- Japan, Australia, and nine Southeast Asian countries have agreed to establish an extensive Asian supply

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Just Announced! International Clean Energy Initiative Launches Global Biomass Resource Assessment

(U.S. Department of Energy) International Biomass Feedstock Portal Provides First-of-its-Kind Data on the World-wide Availability of Sustainable Biomass Resources -- A multi-country, government-led initiative dedicated to advancing the global transition to a sustainable, bio-based economy, unveiled a new Global Biomass Resource Assessment, providing groundbreaking

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Optimizing a Waste-to-Fuel Future for Aviation

by Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  The U.S. aviation sector, responsible for around 2% of the nation’s annual carbon emissions, is a key target for decarbonization—but there are many technical and logistical hurdles remaining when conceptualizing an efficient, scaled future for

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Senator Brown: Boosting Energy Independence and Biofuel Production with Ohio Farmers

(Office of US Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH)) I’m always looking for ways to grow new markets for Ohio farmers, and one industry where we see tremendous potential in Ohio is in biofuels – things like ethanol and sustainable aviation fuel and

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Thailand's Biofuel Subsidy Navigates EV Threat Amid E20, Feedstock, SAF Transition

by Samyak Pandey and Prishitha Kandasamy (S&P Global)  Extends biofuel subsidies to September 2026; Targets 8% sustainable aviation fuel by 2036; Electric vehicles pose risks to biofuel demand  --  Thailand recently extending its biofuels mandate is expected to bolster current feedstock demand and fuel

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Darling Ingredients Inc. Announces Agreement to Bring First Regular Supply of Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Florida Through Diamond Green Diesel Joint Venture

(Darling Ingredients)  Darling Ingredients Inc. (NYSE: DAR), the world’s leading company turning food waste into sustainable products and producer of renewable energy, today announced that its 50/50 joint venture Diamond Green Diesel (DGD) will provide the first regular supply of sustainable

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National Oceanography Centre Trialling Fossil-Free Marine Fuels

(UK National Oceanography Center) The UK’s National Oceanography Centre (NOC) is trialling the use of a fossil-free marine diesel to fuel the Royal Research Ships (RRS) James Cook and Discovery. Use of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), made from used vegetable oils and fats and non-food crops,

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Stellenbosch University Pioneers Biofuel Research for a Sustainable Future

(The Newspaper)  At the turn of the millennium, Professor Emile van Zyl, a pioneering microbiologist, embarked on a mission to propel research and training in biofuels at Stellenbosch University (SU). Recognizing the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, Van

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How Integrating SAF into Aviation Fuel Supply Chains Requires Collaboration between Stakeholders

by Paige Smith (Business Airport International) The business aviation sector has long been committed to reducing it’s carbon footprint, and sustainable aviation fuel represents a significant breakthrough the industry’s efforts. However, the transition to biofuels is complex, requiring advancements in technology,

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RFA Seeks Update on EPA Feedstock Audits, Urges Tighter Regulations on Imported UCO, Tallow

(Renewable Fuels Association) In a letter sent today (September 17, 2024) to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Michael Regan, the Renewable Fuels Association asked for an update on the agency’s investigation of certain biofuel feedstock imports and urged the adoption of more

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Biofuel Technologies: An Overview? This Data-File Provides an Overview of the 3.5Mbpd Global Biofuels Industry

(Thunder Said Energy)  This data-file provides an overview of the 3.5Mbpd global biofuels industry, across its main components: corn ethanol, sugarcane ethanol, vegetable oils, palm oil, waste oils (renewable diesel), cellulosic biomass, algal biofuels, biogas and landfill gas. For each biofuel technology,

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Korea's SK Energy to Start Commercial Operations of SAF Production Line

by Hyung-Kyu Kim (Korea Economic Daily) The refiner of SK Innovation is considering establishing a full SAF-dedicated production facility if demand rises fast enough  --  SK Energy Co., South Korea’s largest oil refiner, is set to start commercial operations of a production line

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Anaergia Selected to Design and Build Biogas Facility in Jeju Island, South Korea

(Anaergia)  Letter of Award received for Anaergia’s first project in South Korea -- Anaergia Inc.’s (“Anaergia”, the “Company”, “us”, or “our”) (TSX: ANRG), subsidiary, Anaergia Singapore Pte. Ltd., has received a Letter of Award from New Jeju Bio Co. Ltd. (“New Jeju

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RSB Launches Study with Boeing on Sustainable Feedstock Potential in Southeast Asia

(Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials)  New research highlights the region’s capability to supply around 12% of global SAF demand by 2050, supporting commercial aviation’s net-zero goal. Rice husks and straw are identified as the region’s most promising SAF feedstocks when considering both availability

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Federal bp Grant Enables Biomass-to-SAF Production in Washington

(Bioenergy Insight)  bp America's Cherry Point Refinery in Blaine in Washington State will receive a federal grant of $26,763,504 to build infrastructure and buy equipment to allow it to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for the first time, using renewable

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One-Stop Data, Tools for the Bioeconomy: The Bioenergy Knowledge Discovery Framework

by Erin Webb (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Stakeholders, such as farmers, industry, and local, regional, and national planners, have a powerful, free, and easy-to-access data portal at their command to unlock the power of bioenergy: the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Bioenergy

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HoSt Bio-Energy Systems and Bright Renewables Will Supply Biogas and RNG Technology for Global NRG Renewables' Distillery Waste-to-RNG Project in Kentucky

(HoSt Bio-Energy Systems/PR Newswire)  HoSt Bio-Energy Systems North America and Bright Renewables North America have been selected to provide Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) technologies for Global NRG Renewables' distillery waste-to-RNG project in Louisville, Kentucky. The project will convert 105 million gallons per

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The Contaminant Challenge: Boosting Efficiency and Flexibility with Pretreatment

by Matthew Clingerman (Sulzer Chemtech/SAF Magazine)  ... The processes used to convert fats, oils and greases (FOG) into finished fuels are well established. However, opportunities exist to improve upon the process used to pretreat the incoming raw materials. The feedstocks from which

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Expanding the Feedstock Arsenal

by Katie Schroeder (SAF Magazine) ... According to U.S. DOE’s 2023 Billion-Ton Report, there is up to 1.5 billion tons of biomass available on a  sustainable basis in the U.S. each year, from waste to forest residuals to ag waste. Currently

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RAF Defends UK's Skies Using Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Royal Air Force)  The Royal Air Force is ensuring Britain is secure in a more sustainable manner using a blend of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with normal jet fuel on routine operations for the first time.  Aircraft including Typhoon and Poseidon submarine hunters, operating from RAF Lossiemouth in

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Department of Energy Announces 2024 Community Partners for Waste-to-Energy Technical Assistance Program

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) announced the 2024 community partners for the Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technical Assistance for State, Local, and Tribal Governments Program. Funding collaborations between NREL and state, local, and Tribal government

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New Tel Aviv University Research Enables Biofuel Production from Wet Organic Waste

(Jewish News Syndicate)  “The production of biofuels from organic waste components can significantly reduce the volume of municipal waste sent to landfills, decreasing pollution of soil, water and air,” the researchers conclude. -- An innovative development by a team of researchers at Tel

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The Bioeconomy Risk Indexes Launched by The Daily Digest and Digest Data

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Florida, Digest Data launched the BRISKIs, the Bioeconomy Risk Indexes, tracking risk for 30 bioeconomy fuels and chemical molecules, and 60 feedstocks. They are free, and here. The purpose The BRISKIs offer insight for decision makers, at a time

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Delek Idled Biodiesel Plants in Q2 Due to 'Overall Decline' in Market -- OPIS

by Aaron Alford (OPIS/Market Watch)  Delek U.S. Holdings idled its three biodiesel plants "temporarily" during the second quarter of 2024 due to "the decline in the overall biodiesel market," the company said Tuesday. Pausing operations at its biodiesel facilities in Arkansas, Texas

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Groundbreaking Ceremony Marks the Start of Dairy Distillery Alliance’s Sustainable Biofuel Project

(Michigan Milk Producers Association)  America’s lowest carbon-intensity dairy ethanol plant breaks ground in southwest Michigan, adding to the needed biofuel supply and helping lower the dairy industry’s carbon footprint. -- Today (August 6, 2024), the Michigan Milk Producers Association (MMPA) and Canadian Dairy Distillery celebrated the

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Ethanol-Blended Petrol Sold by Indian Firms Crossed 13 pc Mark in 2023-24: Minister

(Daijiworld/IANS)  During the current supply year (2023-24), the blending of ethanol (alcohol) with petrol has already crossed 13 per cent compared to the corresponding figure of 12.06 per cent in 2023-24, when the blending of ethanol with petrol increased to more

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Indian Auto Firms to Soon Produce 100% Ethanol Run Cars and Two Wheelers: Gadkari

(Autocar Professional) ... Nitin Gadkari, the Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways noted that several Indian companies are establishing plants to produce 100% ethanol-run cars and two-wheelers in the country, ANI reported.   The minister who came to Parliament in a

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Biogas and RNG

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced in the transition to sustainable, available, reliable, affordable RNG and biogas. We look at the companies and technologies getting traction, new projects underway, the state of feedstocks, policy,

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ISU Studies Explore Win-Win Potential of Grass-Powered Energy Production

(Iowa State University)  Strategically planting perennial grass throughout corn and soybean fields helps address the unintended environmental consequences of growing the dominant row crops, including soil erosion, fertilizer runoff and greenhouse gas emissions. But converting portions of farmland back to prairie has

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Poste Italiane Fleet Will Run on Enilive Biofuels

(Eni)  Signing of an important collaboration agreement for the supply of biofuels for ground vehicles and aircraft; Aimed at accelerating the path towards energy transition and carbon neutrality goals  --  Poste Italiane's ground and air fleet will run on biofuels supplied by

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Cowpower: JBS Supplies a Primary Ingredient of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(JBS)   Beef tallow and pork grease from JBS operations in the United States, Canada, and Australia is being transformed into low carbon intensity fuels for the transportation and shipping sectors. In the past two years, JBS has directed 1.2 million

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Carbon Accounting for Sustainable Biofuels

(BioFuture Platform)  The development of sustainable biofuels is at a pivotal juncture. They are recognised for their important role in decarbonising the transport sector – particularly for their potential to help reduce aviation and shipping emissions, and for their complementarity with

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SAF’s Billion-Ton Question

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine) This spring, the U.S. Department of Energy air-dropped a report that should give the nascent sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) industry a massive crate of confidence. With the release of the 4th installment of a decades-old

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Now Available! U.S. Department of Energy Sustainable Aviation Fuel State-of-Industry Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO), released the first two parts of the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) State-of-Industry Report. The report focuses on how to achieve the near-term fuel production

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Itabus Travels with Enilive’s Biofuel, 100% Made from Renewable Raw Materials

(Eni) Itabus, an Italian transport company, is now using Enilive's HVOlution diesel biofuel to power its fleet of next-generation buses.   The new agreement strengthens the collaboration between Enilive, Eni’s company focused on mobility products and services, and Itabus, a long-distance coach

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Feedstocks and Agriculture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced in the transition to sustainable, available, reliable, affordable feedsocks. We look at the crops getting traction, new crops developing, the role of residues, new data from the Billion

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Petronas, Enilive, Euglena to Set Up JV for $1.3 Billion Malaysia Biofuel Project -- 2024 Update

by Kosaku Narioka Market Screener) Malaysia's state-owned oil company is teaming up with a unit of Italian energy giant Eni and a Japanese biotech startup to develop a $1.3 billion biofuel plant in the Southeast Asian country. Petronas, Enilive and Euglena plan to

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Advancing Circular Bioeconomy with Biomass Feedstocks

(Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research)  Teams of researchers working to develop the science to create energy, animal feed, and other essential products from sustainable materials have been selected to join the Virtual Institute on Feedstocks of the Future (VIFF). The institute is

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ST Telemedia Global Data Centres Deploys Renewable Generator Fuel in Singapore, Marking a Sustainability Milestone

(ST Telemedia Global Data Centres)  ST Telemedia Global Data Centres (STT GDC), one of the world’s fastest-growing data centre providers today announces the deployment of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) to its data centres in Singapore, as a renewable fuel replacing conventional

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Valero Sees Policy Tailwinds for Renewable Diesel, SAF Operations — OPIS

(Oil Price Information Service/Morningstar) With a U.S. presidential election on the horizon, and potential changes to federal and state-level biofuel credit schemes looming, Valero executives on Thursday said they see "a lot of tailwinds" for its renewable diesel and sustainable aviation

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Will Airlines Meet Their 2050 Net-Zero Emissions Goal?

by Helen Massy-Beresford and Graham Warwick (Aviation Week)  ... SAF can cost 3-5 times as much as standard kerosene and accounts for around 0.5% of global fuel usage. In Europe, ReFuelEU mandates are set to come into force Jan. 1, 2025, but

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Oil Giants Enter Biomethane with Investments of 137 Million in Jaén

by Juan Esteban Poveda (ElEcoNomista) Major olive oil producers are entering the biomethane business in the province of Jaén. There are four projects underway to produce biogas from alpeorujo that require a joint investment of 137 million euros in the municipalities of Martos, Guarromán, Castellar and

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UK Confirms Plans to Set SAF Mandate at 2% For 2025

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The U.K. Department for Transport on July 22 sent a written statement to the U.K. Parliament confirming that, subject to Parliamentary approval, the agency will introduce a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) mandate starting on Jan. 1,

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Daihatsu Diesel Mfg : Participation in a Project Aimed at Long-Term Use of Biofuels

(Daihatsu/Market Screener) We participate in Project LOTUS, which NYK and the Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonization (GCMD), a nonprofit organization in Singapore, launch it jointly to assess the risks associated with the long-term use of biofuels in marine engines which are

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Metronet Trials Renewable Diesel for Heavy Machinery in Western Australia

(Metronet/Biobased Diesel Daily) In a first for Western Australia’s construction industry and a win for the global goal of a net-zero emissions future, the Metronet Byford Rail Extension is trialing the use of renewable diesel to help reduce its carbon footprint.  Known as hydrotreated vegetable oil

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SAF Production to Triple in 2024 but More Opportunities for Diversification Needed

(International Air Transport Association)   The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced that its projections for a tripling of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) production in 2024 to 1.9 billion liters (1.5 million tonnes) are on track. This would account for 0.53% of

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Brazil's JBS Supplies Animal Waste for Production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Leticia Fucuchima (Reuters)  Brazilian meatpacker JBS (JBSS3.SA) is supplying animal waste from its operations abroad for the production of renewable aviation fuels and is studying a similar initiative in Brazil through the Friboi brand, the company said on Monday. According to JBS, the

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President Calls for Realizing Coconut Downstreaming to Produce Biofuel

(Antara Indonesian News Agency) President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) pressed for realizing the downstreaming of coconut commodities by processing the waste products into bioenergy and bio-aviation fuel (bioavtur) to increase added value in the green economy. "I see there is much coconut waste

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Turning Agricultural Trash to Treasure

by Lauren Biron (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) New funding will help Berkeley Lab and partners improve how the diverse agricultural waste in California’s Northern San Joaquin Valley can be used to make sustainable bioproducts and biofuels -- Agricultural residues and wastes from

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New Study Shows U.S. Oilseed Feedstock Production Exceeds Existing Federal Renewable Fuel Requirements; Domestic Feedstocks to Support Additional 1.4 Billion Gallons of U.S. Biofuel Production by 2030

(National Oilseed Processors Association) The National Oilseed Processors Association commissioned S&P Global Commodity Insights to review the present and future availability of biofuel feedstocks to support U.S. biofuel production and consumption. -- A new study shows feedstocks produced within the U.S.

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U.S. Renewable Diesel Production Growth Drastically Impacts Global Feedstock Trade

(U.S. Department of Agriculture) During the past few years, the landscape for U.S. renewable diesel production has drastically changed, akin to the growth of ethanol and biodiesel during the past two decades. Driven by federal and state policies aimed at reducing

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Anaerobic Digestion Of Food Waste

by Nora Goldstein (BioCycle Magazine) Two recent analyses shed light on stand-alone and food waste codigestion facilities processing pre and postconsumer streams. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been surveying operators of anaerobic digesters that process pre and postconsumer food waste streams

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OMV Starts up Co-processing Plant at Schwechat Refinery

(OMV) Up to 160,000 metric tons of liquid biomass per year to be converted into high quality renewable diesel blending component, also be used for the newest generation of OMV’s MaxxMotion Diesel; Almost EUR 200 mn invested in OMV Schwechat refinery; OMV carbon

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Why Taking Biofuel Investors for Granted Is Very Bad for Climate Change

by DickonPosnett (Argent Energy/Open Access Government)  Dickon Posnett, Argent Energy’s Director of Corporate Affairs, explains why taking biofuel investors for granted is very bad for climate change, beginning with a discussion about this peculiar market created and nourished entirely by legislation There

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U.S. Department of Energy Releases Request for Information on Renewable Propane and Other Gaseous Intermediates DEADLINE August 5, 2024

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) has released a Request for Information (RFI) on Renewable Propane Production Technologies and Uses to better understand the supply chains for production and uses of renewable propane and other renewable gaseous

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Global: MASH Makes Biofuels Set to Be Trialled on NORDEN Vessel

by Ian Taylor (Bunkerspot) MASH Makes has announced that its biofuel is set to be trialled on a DS NORDEN vessel in Singapore later this summer, following recent engine tests by FVTR GmbH which demonstrated that it is compatible with the

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Fast, Simple and Ready: Unlocking Opportunities in Coprocessing SAF

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biobased Diesel Daily) Discover which units are the most suitable for coprocessing, what modifications are required and which feedstocks are best for SAF yield.  --  As the aviation industry seeks to reduce its carbon footprint,

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Climate Now Episode 165, 167 and 169: Sustainable Aviation Fuel (1, 2 and 3 of 4)

(Climate Now) Aviation accounts for 12% of CO2 emissions from transportation and 2% of all CO2 emissions globally. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is fuel made not from petroleum hydrocarbons, but from other sources of carbon and hydrogen. These non-fossil hydrocarbons include waste oils, plant-derived oils,

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Accelerating SAF: Digest / Topsoe Webinar

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The world wants SAF, needs SAF — with targets like the 3 Billion Gallons by 2030 SAF Grand Challenge, it's time to fast-track production. We know the why and the when. But how, where, with what,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the SAF Grand Challenge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) 26 Workstreams, 140 Activities and with 2030 & 2030-2050 impact timeframes — The SAF Grand Challenge is ambitious and detailed, with many US Federal agencies and one aggressive goal. In this deck, the deed for policy

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Garbage Could Replace a Quarter of Petroleum-Based Jet Fuel Every Year

JoAnna Wendel (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Understanding where Americans produce the most garbage—and where the busiest airports are—can inform where to build waste-to-fuel facilities -- Every year, the nation’s aviation industry uses around 22 billion gallons of jet fuel, which produces about

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Value and Sustainability through Agriculture

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Pacific Ag is North America’s largest harvester and marketer of crop residue, operating the largest harvest fleet globally.In this ABLC presentation from pacific Ag’s Harrison Pettit, the potential of ag residuals when realized globally – improving lives,

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International Agencies Issue Joint Statement on the Role of Sustainable Bioenergy

(Bioenergy International)  ... To raise awareness of the significance and highlight the critical role of sustainable bioenergy in the global energy transitions, the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has issued a joint statement that seeks to address the persistent debates

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Models on the Runway: Is SAF Ready for Take-off?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... So, at EUBCE, you ask, what is the buzz on the floor? To paraphrase Monty Python:, it is SAF, SAF, SAF, SAF, carbon price on chemicals, eSAF, SAF, SAF and eSAF. So many people had so many

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US Opens Way for Brazil Used Cooking Oil in Blow for Farmers

by Clarice Couto and Tarso Veloso (BNN Bloomberg)  Brazil said the US has cleared the way for its shipments of used cooking oil in a move that may further erode profits for American soybean producers and crushers as they face increased

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Phillips 66 Achieves Full Production Rates of Renewable Fuel

(Phillips 66/BusinessWire) Rodeo Renewed project increases output to approximately 50,000 barrels per day (BPD) -- Phillips 66 (NYSE: PSX) today announced the full conversion of the Rodeo Renewable Energy Complex, expanding commercial-scale production and positioning the company as a leader in renewable

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The Most Sustainable Feedstocks for Precision Fermentation

(World Bio Market Insights) Over the last several years, precision fermentation has attracted attention as a manufacturing methods that could drastically lower the environmental impacts of everyday products, from edible proteins to animal feed and cosmetics ingredients.  Precision fermentation is a biomanufacturing

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Renewable Diesel and DME

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This week on ABLC CONNECT, we networked and exchanged information about the world of Renewable Diesel and rDME, and as part of the proceedings, we had the State of Renewable Diesel and rDME presentation. The slides

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USDA: Growth In US Renewable Diesel Production Impacts Global Feedstock Trade

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  The USDA Foreign Agricultural Service on June 11 published a report discussing how the recent boom in U.S. renewable diesel production has caused market-altering shifts to both foreign and domestic feedstock trade.  U.S. renewable diesel consumption has

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The U.S. and Europe Can’t Agree on What Counts as Sustainable Aviation Fuel. That’s Leaving Investors in a Bind.

by H. Claire Brown and Yusuf Khan (Wall Street Journal) ... But as the industry matures, fuel producers and airlines are scratching their heads over how best to invest their cash because of one major problem: No one agrees on what counts

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SkyNRG Releases Sustainable Aviation Fuel Market Outlook 2024

(SkyNRG) - A decisive year for announced projects targeting operations before 2030, as most in progress facilities still face the challenges of raising capital, construction, and commissioning.  - Regulatory developments are driving Sustainable Aviation fuel (SAF) demand, with mandates and aspirational

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Chevron Lummus Global's ISOTERRA Technology Selected for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Project in China

(Chevron Lummus Global)  Chevron Lummus Global LLC (CLG) today (June 13, 2024) announced its ISOTERRA technology has been selected for a groundbreaking sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) project in China. CLG will provide the technology license, engineering services, and supply proprietary equipment

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Refinery Owner Pushes to Start up Plant on Rosedale

by John Cox (Bakersfield Californian/Yahoo!) A yearslong headache of a project south of Rosedale Highway is coming to a head as the owner of the former Big West oil refinery pushes to finish converting the plant to produce renewable diesel. Long Beach-based

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US Farmers Edged Out by Brazilian Beef Fat Destined for Biofuels

by Gerson Freitas Jr, Tarso Veloso, and Kim Chipman (Bloomberg/Farm Progress) Brazil accounted for 40% of tallow imports into US this year; Good news for fuelmakers poses threat to US soyoil suppliers -- Brazil is reaping the benefits from a US biofuels boom,

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this presentation, Aemetis CEO Eric McAfee took the ABLC 2024 stage in Washington DC to outline the company’s milestones ahead, progress to date, technology, financial estimates, policy asks, its portfolio of Carbon Zero One projects,

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Low-CI Ethanol Made from Milk

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Milk permeate is a byproduct made when milk is filtered for a variety of products. The process begins with removing fats for butter and ice cream production, leaving behind skim milk. To make it efficient

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Argus Launches Global Biofuels and Feedstocks Freight Assessments

(Argus Media/PR Newswire) Growing liquidity fosters greater price transparency -- Global energy and commodity price reporting agency Argus is launching today freight rates for biofuels and biofuels feedstocks in response to growing demand for price transparency in the energy transition fuel supply chain. Regulatory

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Gas Networks Ireland to Connect New €63m Bia Energy Biomethane Plant Directly to Its Network

(Gas Networks) Partnership with Bia Energy will be the first direct entry point for renewable biomethane in the greater Dublin area -- Gas Networks Ireland and Bia Energy have agreed a significant partnership to enable renewable biomethane gas from the Bia Energy

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Yes, Biofuels Have a Role in Decarbonizing CT

by  Jamie Densmore and Stephen Dodge (CT Mirror/ Densmore Oil/Clean Fuels Alliance America)  Recent CT Viewpoints in favor of widespread heat pump deployment needlessly paint an inaccurate picture of renewable biofuels and their potential to decarbonize hundreds of thousands of Connecticut homes alongside other strategies,

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Renewable Diesel Production Surpasses Biodiesel

(U.S. Department of Agriculture) The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard, a program that originated in the mid-2000s, mandates that a specific volume of certain biofuels be used each year in transportation fuel. One category of biofuels included in this mandate is biomass-based

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Avfuel Expands SAF Supply to France

(Avfuel) Avfuel Corporation—one of business aviation’s leading suppliers of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)—marks a new milestone in its SAF supply journey, expanding its supply globally to three French airports. With SAF supply agreements at Paris Le Bourget Airport (LBG), Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport

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JF Fendercare Announces New Green Fuel Transfer Capabilities and Delivers First Operations in Asia

(JF Fendercare) JF Fendercare has invested in a new addition to its capabilities which enables biofuel transfers, supporting the growth of clean energy.  --  JF Fendercare has invested in a new capability for the transfer of byproduct oils and the biofuels

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India Elections: Policy Incentives in Spotlight to Drive Biofuels Transition

by Sampad Nandy, Samyak Pandey, and Aditya Kondalamahanty (S&P Global)  Focused policy needed to boost biodiesel production; Compressed biogas competes for feedstocks with other biofuels; SAF demand limited from cost-sensitive domestic airlines -- India has been actively exploring various forms of biofuels to accelerate

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Plant Fuels Could One Day Power Airlines and Cars while Lowering Carbon Emissions

by Joe Tarr (Wisconsin Public Radio) Head of the Wisconsin Energy Institute, Mary Blanchard, details biofuels innovations -- ... However, Blanchard (Mary Blanchard, associate director of the Wisconsin Energy Institute) told WPR’s “The Morning Show,” new biofuels have the potential to totally replace

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NORDSOL and Prodeval Announce Groundbreaking Bio-LNG Production Facility in Portugal

(Prodeval) NORDSOL, a pioneer and leader in bio-LNG technology, together with Prodeval, a leader in biogas treatment and upgrading solutions, are excited to announce their collaboration to construct a state-of-the-art bio-LNG production plant in the southern region of Portugal. The new plant will

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Norway Aims to Use Biofuel for Its F-35 Multirole Fighters.

(Global Defense News Army Recognition Group) The Norwegian Armed Forces have announced an ambitious initiative to have their F-35 fighters fly with biofuel by the end of the year, as indicated on the Norwegian Ministry of Defense's X account on May

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Complete Utilization of Date Seeds for Biofuel Production

by Saleha Al-Mardeai, Meera Aldhaheri, Aysha Al Hashmi, Maryam Qassem, Sulaiman Al-Zuhair (Cleaner Engineering and Technology)  Full utilization of date seeds for bioethanol and biodiesel production was tested; Oil extraction was examined as a potential pretreatment method; Oil extraction enhanced yield by two folds

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Bright Renewables, Tekniska Verken Partner up for Sweden’s First Biogas CCU Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From Sweden comes  news that Bright Renewables has won the technical tender from Tekniska verken, a major Swedish multi-utility energy company, for the supply of CO2 liquefaction technology. The system will be installed at Tekniska verken’s

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British Truck Racing Championship Makes Cmmitment to Using Sustainable Fuel

(BARC) The British Truck Racing Championship has announced its commitment to using a more sustainable fuel from the 2023 season onwards. In the first major step on its road to greater sustainability, the championship has partnered with the UK’s leading provider of

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Gevo

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Gevo addresses the market need of reducing greenhouse gas emissions with sustainable alternatives, and is commercializing the next generation of advanced, bio-based renewable fuels with sustainable aviation fuel, renewable premium gasoline, and renewable natural gas that

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NYK, GCMD Address Continuous Biofuel Use

by Dom Magli (Port Technology International) The Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation (GCMD) has partnered with NYK Line to begin Project LOTUS (long-term impact of continuous biofuel usage on vessel operations). This six-month study will test the continuous usage of a biofuels

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The Case for E-fuels Use in Aviation

by Pete Rocha (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) The aviation industry produces 2-3% of all CO2 emissions globally. This percentage will likely grow over time as the developing world becomes richer and the demand for air transportation increases. In the graphic below, we

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Cleaner Burning Aviation Fuels Poised for Takeoff

by Amena H. Saiyid  (Cipher)  ... Clean jet fuel production is expected to surge in the United States in the next 10 years aided by rapid advances in technology, generous federal incentives and growing demand from airlines, according to new projections from Oslo-based consultancy

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TotalEnergies and Vanguard Renewables, a Portfolio Company of BlackRock’s Diversified Infrastructure Business, Join Forces to Develop Renewable Natural Gas in the United States

(Total Energies) TotalEnergies, a global integrated energy company, and Vanguard Renewables, a U.S. leader in farm-based organics-to-renewable natural gas production and a portfolio company of a fund managed by BlackRock’s Diversified Infrastructure business, have signed an agreement to create an equally

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Yeast Fuel, Developed by Chula's Faculty of Science Soon to Expand Its Production for the Aerospace Industry

(Chulalongkorn University/PR Newswire) Researchers from Chulalongkorn University have made use of forage grass to feed microorganisms and convert the resulting fat into jet fuel. They aim to expand petroleum-based oil replacement production to reduce impacts on human health and the environment. --  Yeast is a

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Just Released: 2023 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Highlighting Expert Feedback on BETO's Portfolio -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) released its 2023 Project Peer Review Report, a comprehensive summary of stakeholder and subject-matter expert feedback on BETO’s latest research, development, and

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Honeywell Technology Helping to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel with Lower Cost and Waste

(Honeywell)  Latest technology expands Honeywell’s portfolio of offerings to help meet growing demand for renewable jet fuel; DG Fuels to deploy new Honeywell technology in its SAF production plant --  Honeywell (Nasdaq: HON) today announced its hydrocracking technology can be used to produce

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Enhancing School Transportation with Biodiesel: One Company’s Green Journey

by Ron Kotrba (School Bus Fleet) For more than six decades, Cook-Illinois Corporation has been entrusted with the crucial task of transporting children to and from school. And for more than 15 years, this family-owned and operated school-bus contractor, among the largest in the

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Free FATTY ACIDS – Two 5-Letter Words for EARTH MONTH

Free FATTY ACIDS (FFAs) are a significant component in the production of biodiesel, a renewable alternative to conventional diesel fuel. FFAs are present in various feedstocks used for biodiesel production, such as vegetable oils like soybean oil, animal fats, and

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The "Fuel of the Future" Bill and the Opportunity for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo[*1], Amanda Duarte Gondim [*2] and Laís Forti Thomaz[*3] (Advanced Biofuels USA)  On March 13th, the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies approved Bill 4516/23, known as the "Fuel of the Future" Bill, which was sent to Congress by President Luiz Inácio Lula

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UNILORIN Chemical Engineer Uses Eggshells to Produce Biodiesel

by Adekunle Jimoh (The Nation)  Aprofessor of Chemical engineering at the University of Ilorin (UNILORIN), Temitope E Odetoye, says she has produced biodiesel through the exploration of chicken eggshells. She added that the invention was derived from heterogeneous catalysts. Prof Odetoye said that the feat

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The Airline Industry’s Biggest Climate Challenge: A Lack of Clean Fuel

by Ben Elgin (BNN Bloomberg) ... The $200 million plant from LanzaJet Inc. will be the first to turn ethanol into a fuel compatible with jet engines. The facility is one of many efforts around the globe attempting to crack one of

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Full Throttle: The Aviation Industry Has Been Working on Bio-Aviation Fuels Since the Late 2000s.

 by Dhanisha Juleemun, Lucky Nurafiatin, Daria Kochetkova, and Jorge Sierra (SGS INSPIRE/Biofuels International) The first flight using bio-aviation fuel took off in 2008 - it was flown by Virgin Atlantic from London to Amsterdam. Since then, many more airlines have carried out

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What Fits the Process

(BDI Bioenergy/Biofuels International) ... When biodiesel producers shift to waste-based material as feedstock, the first choice is often used cooking oil (UCO). The main reason is that UCO’s feedstock parameters are close enough to that of vegetable oil. The result is

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St1 and SCA’s Joint Venture Commences the Production of Renewable Fuels in Gothenburg, Sweden

(St1) The Gothenburg Biorefinery, a joint venture between St1 and SCA, has officially opened on 10 April. Inaugurated by Minister of Energy and Business Ebba Busch, the plant marks an important milestone in the journey towards more sustainable energy production. Swedish Minister

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Biodiesel Producing Plant in Newarthill Set to Close with over 70 Jobs at Risk

by Michael Pringle (Daily Record) Argent Energy has already entered into a period of consultation with staff -- A plant producing biodiesel in Newarthill is set to close its doors with the loss of over 70 jobs. Argent Energy has already entered into

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Agreement Signed by 6 Companies to Collaborate on Biofuels, Feedstocks between Japan, South Korea

(Eneos/Biobased Diesel Daily) DS Dansuk Co. Ltd., Eneos Corp., HMLP Co. Ltd., Nomura Jimusho Inc., Yoshikawa Yushi Co. Ltd. and Sapporo Yushi Co. Ltd. announced March 22 that they have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MOU) earlier this year designed

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Phillips 66 Announces Major Milestone in Production of Renewable Diesel

(Phillips 66/Business Wire)  Phillips 66 (NYSE: PSX) today announced a major milestone in its conversion of the San Francisco refinery into the Rodeo Renewable Energy Complex, expanding commercial scale production of renewable diesel. The Rodeo Renewed project has progressed, with the facility

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World Fuel Services Provides Sustainable Aviation Fuel to the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence

(World Fuel Services) • World Fuel Services (World Fuel) confirms a follow-on agreement with the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence (UK MOD) through the Operational Energy Authority (OEA) to supply the Royal Air Force (RAF) with aviation fuel blended with Sustainable

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cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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