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The Case for Conversion

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Gevo Inc. expects to close early this year on a deal to acquire the ethanol production and carbon capture and storage assets of Red Trail Energy LLC in Richardton, North Dakota, for $210 million. Gevo

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BETO Selects 13 Small Businesses to Develop Innovative Bio-Based Products and Biomass Processing Technologies

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced awards for the FY24 Phase I Release 2 of the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program. Across DOE, 229 projects in 39 states received $52 million to pursue clean

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Novel Electro-Biodiesel a More Efficient, Cleaner Option to Existing Alternatives

by Beth Miller (Washington University) Joshua Yuan, Susie Dai and colleagues at WashU and Texas A&M create biodiesel with electrocatalysis and bioconversion -- Researchers in the labs of Joshua Yuan in the McKelvey School of Engineering and Susie Dai at the University

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PBF Energy Expects Renewable Diesel Production, Economics to Improve in Q4

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) PBF Energy Inc. on Oct. 31 announced that its St. Bernard Renewables facility produced 13,000 barrels per day of renewable diesel during the third quarter. Production is expected to increase during the fourth quarter.  The company previously

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HYCO1 Announces the First Commercial Operation of its Breakthrough CO2 Conversion Technology, Achieving TRL-9 Status

(HYCO1/PR Newswire)  HYCO1, Inc. announces it has achieved a key milestone in commercializing its breakthrough CO2 conversion technology, already surpassing 1,500 hours of continuous steady-state operation in its first commercial CUBE™ Syngas system (CUBE™ stands for Carbon Utilization. Best Efficiency). The revolutionary HYCO1

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New $5 Million DoE Award Supports KU Startup’s Green Hydrogen Energy Research

(University of Kansas)  With $5 million in support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the University of Kansas and Avium — a startup firm founded by researchers from KU’s School of Engineering — aim to make clean hydrogen more affordable. According to

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DOE Grant Supports Bridgestone Innovation for Non-fossil-based Synthetic Rubber

(Bridgestone)  Bridgestone Americas (Bridgestone) today announced it received a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Industrial Efficiency and Decarbonization Office. Bridgestone will design, build and operate a pilot plant that will advance an innovative, potentially more sustainable and cost-effective approach

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Georgia Tech Researchers Develop More Efficient Approach for Turning Plant Biomass into Useful Chemicals

by Brad Dixon (Georgia Institute of Technology)  Lignin is one of the most plentiful organic polymers on Earth, making up about 20 to 30 percent of the dry mass of wood and other plants. Despite this abundance, lignin’s complex structure has challenged

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrochemical Production of Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 electrolysis can utilize waste CO2 from bioreactors to produce market competitive formic acid at commercial scales. Conventional design has energy and cost intensive downstream separations. A solid electrolyte design has tunable formic acid concentration with

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Repurposing Plastics Using Novel Engineered Processes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE) consortium is developing new chemical upcycling strategies for today’s plastics and redesigning tomorrow’s plastics to be recyclable-by-design. BOTTLE conducts high-impact research and development

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Repurposing Plastics Using Novel Engineered Processes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE) consortium is developing new chemical upcycling strategies for today’s plastics and redesigning tomorrow’s plastics to be recyclable-by-design. BOTTLE conducts high-impact research and development

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Conversion of Plastic-Derived Intermediates to New Monomers

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE) consortium is developing new chemical upcycling strategies for today’s plastics and redesigning tomorrow’s plastics to be recyclable-by-design. BOTTLE conducts high-impact research and development

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF from Wet Wastes via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Wet wastes could provide up to 6 billion gallons of SAF and saves on expensive alternative disposal processes that can reach as high as $4 per gallon of fuel. In this project, researchers propose a method

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Catalyst Selection Holds the Key to Flexible, Efficient SAF and Renewables Production

by Milica Folić and  Maria Jesus Lorences Perez (Topsoe/Biofuels Digest) ...  Ideally, solutions for processing renewable feedstocks into SAF should offer some feedstock flexibility, enabling refineries to produce clean fuels from a diverse range of inputs including vegetable oils, animal fat,

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Pioneering Plasma-Catalytic Process for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol under Ambient Conditions

(University of Liverpool) Researchers at the University of Liverpool have achieved a significant milestone in the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable fuels and chemicals, marking an important step towards a sustainable net-zero economy. In a paper published in the journal Chem, the team

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading of Biochemical Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What are the best pathways to generating and upgrading biochemical intermediates. For example, wet waste to mixed volatile fatty acids in arrested methanogenesis. Or, sugars to butyric acid, or 2,3 butanediol. Tasks include mitigation of scalability

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Virent: The 2024 AFCC Global Biobased Economy Performance Award Recipient

(Alternative Fuels & Chemicals Coalition)  This award is given to an organization, public or private, for their stellar performance and achievements in advancing science, assisting, and taking appropriate measures for initiating the production, manufacture, and commercialization of industrial biotechnology products.  Their

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Turning Carbon Pollution into Ethanol

by Ula Chrobak (Stanford University Engineering) Stanford scientists designed a catalyst that turns carbon dioxide into ethanol, which could incentivize cleaning up emissions. -- ... In two recent papers, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society and Angewandte Chemie, a team of Stanford researchers

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Deconstruction and Chemical Catalysis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Deconstruction is a major effort in BOTTLE  (Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment) . Work spans exploratory catalysis (”fail fast”) to advancing promising approaches towards scale-up. There are a couple of routes:

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Upgrading C2 Building Blocks

by  Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The ChemCatBio Consortium has a project focused on upgrading C2s. Specifically, to develop novel catalytic upgrading technologies that enable cost-competitive conversion of cellulosic ethanol to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). We aim to develop a commercially viable

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Biofuels Can Power the Biggest Ships: Five Things to Know about Expanding Their Use

by Zia Abdullah  (U.S. Department of Energy)   ... Propelling massive ships around the world requires lots of energy created by burning thousands of gallons of fuel. The industry uses an estimated 2.5 billion barrels of fuel every year—primarily heavy fuel oil made from

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Chemists Design Novel Method for Generating Sustainable Fuel

by Tatyana Woodall (Ohio State News) Chemists have been working to synthesize high-value materials from waste molecules for years. Now, an international collaboration of scientists is exploring ways to use electricity to streamline the process. In their study, recently published in Nature Catalysis,

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NREL Research Dives Deeper Into the Mysteries of Energy Control in Electron-Bifurcating Enzymes

 by Justin Rickard (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  Understanding the Catalytic Mechanism of This Unusual Class of Enzymes May Be a Precursor to More Efficient Catalysis in the Production of Fuels and Chemicals -- In 2019, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) senior scientist Cara

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A New Catalyst Can “Recycle” Carbon Dioxide into Useful Chemicals

(University of Chicago) Research by Argonne, University of Chicago scientists aims to turn CO2 into resource -- Carbon dioxide is leaking from industrial operations into the atmosphere, causing a cascade of dangerous changes to Earth’s climate. But some scientists wondered if

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Fast, Simple and Ready: Unlocking Opportunities in Coprocessing SAF

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biobased Diesel Daily) Discover which units are the most suitable for coprocessing, what modifications are required and which feedstocks are best for SAF yield.  --  As the aviation industry seeks to reduce its carbon footprint,

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FOZ Do Iguacu Receives the First Synthetic Oil P{roduction Plant from Biogas in Brazil

(CI Biogas (Google Translation)) The International Center for Renewable Energy ( CIBiogás ) and the Brazil-Germany Cooperation for Sustainable Development, through the H2Brasil project, inaugurated, on June 17th, the first pilot plant in Brazil for the production of synthetic oil from biogas, focusing

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Homes Heated by Human Sewage Could Be a Reality Thanks to Aston University

(Aston University/EurekAlert!) Project to transform sewage sludge into clean water and energy awarded a share of £4.5 million by Ofwat; Involves extracting energy from the waste produced during sewage and water treatment; Gases obtained can be used to power engines or heat people’s

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Sugar-Based Catalyst Upcycles Carbon Dioxide

(Northwestern University)  New catalyst could offer a potential solution for using captured carbon --  New catalyst is made from an inexpensive, abundant metal and table sugar; Catalyst converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon monoxide, a building block for producing a variety of useful

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GTT Strategic Ventures Invests in Energo, the Technological Expert in the Production of Synthetic Molecules Using Plasma Catalysis

(GTT Group) GTT Strategic Ventures, the investment fund of the GTT Group, announces that it has participated in a €16.5 million financing round to support the development of Energo, the French technology expert in the production of synthetic molecules using plasma

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Conversion of Organic Waste to Sustainable Aviation Fuel via Carboxylic Acids

(ChemCatBio)  This study demonstrates conversion of organic waste to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using microbial conversion followed by catalytic upgrading. Carboxylic acids produced by microbes are upgraded to SAF over commercially available catalysts. This research reports a catalytic process to convert waste

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New Technique by NUS Scientists to Transform Waste Carbon Dioxide into High-Value Chemicals Achieves Cost Reduction of about 30%

(National University of Singapore) An energy-efficient, cost-effective way to convert the greenhouse gas into a wide range of chemical feedstocks -- Addressing the urgent challenge posed by escalating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their impact on climate change, researchers from the National

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Just Released: 2023 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Highlighting Expert Feedback on BETO's Portfolio -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) released its 2023 Project Peer Review Report, a comprehensive summary of stakeholder and subject-matter expert feedback on BETO’s latest research, development, and

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Blue Biofuels Begins Engineering and Design for Cellulosic Ethanol Project

by Blue Biofuels/EthanolProducer Magazine) In a recent development, Blue Biofuels Inc. proudly announces the commencement of an FEL 1 & 2 engineering study for a 2.4-million-gallon cellulosic ethanol facility. This endeavor is grounded in the company's innovative cellulose-to-sugar (CTS) system, which

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Futuria Fuels and DME

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Dimethyl-ether is a single molecule that can be produced from a wide range of renewable feedstocks. It can be blended with LPG and used in existing applications. It is chemically similar to propane and butane, and

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What Fits the Process

(BDI Bioenergy/Biofuels International) ... When biodiesel producers shift to waste-based material as feedstock, the first choice is often used cooking oil (UCO). The main reason is that UCO’s feedstock parameters are close enough to that of vegetable oil. The result is

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AI is Accelerating Materials Science Discovery and Synthesis Exponentially

by Kent Goeking (LEC Partners/Biofuels Digest) One of the key barriers to the economic and technical success of many advanced energy technologies is the sub-optimum performance of critical inorganic materials used as catalysts, electrodes, dielectrics, and photovoltaics.  Oxide materials in particular,

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CO2 Transformed to Methanol with Sunlight on Copper Atoms

(New Energy and Fuel)  University of Nottingham researchers have successfully transformed CO2 into methanol by shining sunlight on single atoms of copper deposited on a light-activated material, a discovery that paves the way for creating new green fuels. The international team of

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Co-processing Promises a Cost-Efficient SAF Pathway – but Not All Refineries Face Equal Costs

by Maria J. L. Perez and Milica Folic (Topsoe/Biofuels Digest)  By introducing renewable feedstocks directly into existing diesel hydrotreaters, refineries can produce a combination of renewable and fossil diesel, reducing CO2 emissions originating from fossil-based feedstocks. But what are the main

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Infinium’s Project Pathfinder Is World’s First Fully Operational eFuels Facility

(Infinium) Ultra-low carbon electrofuels now in production in North America --  Electrofuels leader Infinium is now successfully operating the world’s first commercial scale facility making drop-in ready electrofuels (eFuels) in Corpus Christi, Texas. The project, known as Project Pathfinder, is a continuously

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Pathways to eFuels: CO2 Capture and Conversion to Liquid Products

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2, the final frontier. We have, famously, too much of it, and can do too little with us for too high a cost. Yet, researchers are teasing out exciting new applications, such as a pathway to

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Nanoscale Research Might Help Convert CO2 Waste into Usable Products

by Wade Hemsworth (Brighter World) Think of it as recycling on the nanoscale: a tantalizing electrochemical process harvests carbon before it becomes air pollution and restructures it into the components of everyday products. The drive to capture airborne carbon dioxide from industrial

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New Research Pathway Uses Renewable Electricity to Produce Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This technology was developed in the BETO-funded CO2RUe consortium mission and can be used to produce sustainable aviation fuel.  -- Identifying routes to efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to an intermediate chemical which can be further upgraded to

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BASF and Envision Energy Enter a Collaboration to Drive Sustainable Energy Solutions

(BASF)  Collaboration to accelerate conversion of green hydrogen and CO2 to e-methanol; BASF’s new SYNSPIRETM catalyst technology to be combined with Envision Energy’s process package; E-methanol holds significant potential as sustainable energy carrier replacing fossil fuels in various industries BASF process catalysts,

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New EU-funded FUELGAE Project Aims to Resurrect Algae as a Promising Source for Aviation Biofuels

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) Over a decade ago, algae was seen as a very promising biomass for producing jet biofuel and a number of high-profile startups attracted big-name investors. In 2009, Continental Airlines flew the United States’ first-ever commercial jet

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Mercurius

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Reaching high is something Mercurius is familiar with, especially with their REACH technology. Standing for renewable, acid-hydrolysis, condensation, hydrotreating, their REACH technology works at low temperature, low pressure and enzyme free. Drop-in hydrocarbon jet fuel and

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Infinium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Infinium is a Commercial Scale decarbonization Platform for heavy transport, utilizing existing infrastructure for lower emissions today. Infinium’s production process uses renewable power, waste CO2 and water and, unlike most of today’s SAF and Renewable Diesel,

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Grown-Up Talk about Blue Hydrogen

by Terry Mazanec (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest) ... What constitutes the hydrogen economy? According to most analysts, the hydrogen economy is “an economy that relies on hydrogen as the commercial fuel that would deliver a substantial fraction of a nation’s energy and

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First Gas at ABSL Swindon Plant Proves RadGas Process

(Advanced Biofuel Solutions Ltd.) Advanced Biofuel Solutions Ltd (ABSL), a proven developer and producer of advanced waste-derived biofuels, announces successful first production from the 22 GWh waste-to-syngas line at its demonstration plant in Swindon, using its patented RadGas technology. RadGas combines a gasifier, electric

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NEXTCHEM (MAIRE) Awarded by Saras an Engineering Design Study for the First Green Synthetic Fuels Pilot Plant in Italy

(MAIRE) The study is related to the development of a pilot plantfor the production of green syntheticfuels from low carbon hydrogen and CO2 in the Sarroch’s refinery (Sardinia), with the potential for scaling-up to an industrial plant; NextChem will apply its proprietary NX CPO technology to boost

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HYCO1 Celebrates 9,000 Hours of Run-Time on Its Revolutionary, Patent-Pending CO2 Utilization Catalyst

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1 celebrates over 9,000 hours of run-time on its proprietary, patent-pending CO2 utilization catalyst at its Houston, Texas CUBE™ Technology Center (CUBE™ is Carbon Utilization at Best Efficiency). Operating for over a year inside of a commercial diameter reactor tube, the HYCO1

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CAER, Chemistry Researchers Awarded US Department of Energy Grant to Develop Biofuel Technology

by Dave Melanson (University of Kentucky)  Researchers at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER) and the Department of Chemistry have received a $1 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to advance their innovative biofuels research. The project is titled “Robust Engineered Catalysts

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New Research Could Make Turning Waste Cooking Oil into Biofuel Easier and Quicker

(De Montfort University Leicester)  Researchers at De Montfort University Leicester (DMU) have pioneered a new manufacturing process which could make the creation of biofuel from waste cooking oil faster and more efficient. Professor Katherine Huddersman, Dr Rawaz Ahmed, Saana Rashid, and Ketan

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Comstock Executes First Biorefinery Commercial Agreement

(Comstock) Preliminary Engineering Complete for 100,000 TPY Biointermediate Production at Pulp and Paper Facility  --   Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced execution of agreements with RenFuel K2B AB (“RenFuel”) to advance Comstock’s first commercial biorefinery, including an option

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AHFL Chooses UK for World’s First Commercial-Scale Plastic-to-Fuel Plant

by Daniela Castim (World Bio Market Insights) Advanced Hydrocarbon Fuels Limited (AHFL) is set to establish the first commercial-scale plant in the UK to showcase its ground-breaking process for converting waste plastic into fuel. Unlike traditional pyrolysis methods that require a

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Comstock Fuels Targets More Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Comstock Fuels)  Technology Partner RenFuel Awarded Grant to Demonstrate Increased Sustainable Aviation Fuel Yields -- Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” or the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Comstock Fuels Corporation (“Comstock Fuels”), today announced that Comstock Fuels’ biointermediate refining technology partner,

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Dimensional Energy Secures $20 Million Series A Funding

(Dimensional Energy/Business Wire) Global leader in carbon utilization technology will use funds to accelerate sustainable aviation fuel production and the decarbonization of our economy. -- Dimensional Energy, Inc., a global leader in cutting-edge carbon utilization technology, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production and

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Bio Products: Green Materials for an Emerging Circular and Sustainable Economy (De Gruyter Stem)

by Bhima R. Vijayendran (Redwood Innovation Partners) The book is focused on Bio Products derived from renewable resources processed by conventional catalytic thermochemical processes and or emerging bioprocessing techniques including fermentation and synthetic biology. It highlights some of these developments—from discovery,

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Chinese Academy Realizes CO2 Reduction to Ethanol via Tandem Single Atom Electrocatalyst

(Chinese Academy of Sciences/Mirage News)  The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) into carbon-based fuels provides a promising strategy to mitigate CO2 emission and promotes the utilization of renewable energy. The Cn (n≥2) liquid products are desirable because of their high energy densities and ease of

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SunGas Renewables Selected to Supply Green Methanol for New Hydrogen and E-Methanol Facility in Australia

(SunGas Renewables)  The $1.4 billion green hydrogen and methanol project at Bell Bay is expected to produce 300,000 tonnes of green methane per year -- SunGas Renewables today announced it has been selected by Australian green hydrogen and methanol project developer, ABEL Energy, to

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Research Focuses on Production of Jet Fuel from Halophytes

(United Arab Emirates University/University World News) Among renewable energy sources, the use of bioenergy is projected to enjoy the highest growth rate. Socio-economic concerns have prompted the wide utilisation of agricultural wastes and non-food biomass (second generation of biomass) and algae

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How Green Ammonia Is Helping to Drive the Hydrogen Transition

(Nium/RE:TV) Hydrogen is the most abundant element on Earth and has been identified as an important clean fuel for the energy transition, emitting only water when burned instead of carbon dioxide. However, producing hydrogen can be carbon intensive, and storing and

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Zeolyst International Unveils New Brand Names for Its Product Portfolio

(Ecovyst) Zeolyst International, an Ecovyst Inc. (NYSE: ECVT) joint venture that is a leading producer of zeolites ("Zeolyst"), is proud to announce the launch of its branded product portfolio. With a four-decade legacy in zeolite development and manufacturing, Zeolyst continues to

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Launch of 52,500 sq ft State-of-the-Art Technology Facility in Ohio

(Velocys) Velocys, the sustainable fuels technology company, is delighted to announce the launch of its new 52,500 sq. ft technology facility in Plain City, Ohio that will house the reactor core assembly and catalysis operations which form a critical part of

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Comstock Fuels Completes All Validation Milestones

(Comstock/Globe Newswire)  Executes Exclusive License for Proven Refining Process --  Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced completion of all milestones required for the scale-up of its proprietary lignocellulosic biomass refining process, culminating in the execution by its wholly

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Electrocatalytic CO2 Utilization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Low-temperature CO2 electrolysis is a promising pathway to produce low carbon intensity fuels and chemicals, offering advantages in scalability, process efficiency, and intermittent operation. Significant risks must be overcome for CO2 electrolysis to help meet 2050 decarbonization goals A

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Environmental Sustainability: Who Are the Leaders in Biofuel Production for the Oil & Gas Industry?

(Offshore Technology/Global Data) The oil & gas industry continues to be a hotbed of patent innovation. Activity is driven by low-carbon hydrogen, carbon capture and storage, and biofuels, and growing importance of technologies such as electrolyzers, auto-thermal reforming and bioenergy

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Upgrading of C2 Building Blocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A new DOE project aims to develop a novel catalytic upgrading technologies that enable cost-competitive conversion of cellulosic ethanol to sustainable aviation fuel. It aims to develop a commercially viable process within the concept of an

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SAF in Action: Carbon Negative Jet Fuel Made from Manure and More

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Wet waste—including food waste, manure, sewage, and inedible fats, oils, and greases—is a large source of methane emissions, a pollutant 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have created

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Products for SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A recent DOE project aims to Develop a technology pathway to convert woody biomass into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and other biogenic products via catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) and hydrotreating. This research opens pathways for SAF production from forest resources

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaJet

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Lanzajet says we are at an inflection point for the sustainable aviation industry. Why? How? What’s LanzaJet’s role in it all? How are they driving innovation and accelerating deployment of SAF? What’s the status of their

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Upgrading of C1 Building Blocks

A new DOE project aims to develop the centerpiece technology for an integrated biorefinery concept based on the conversion of renewable and waste sources of C1 intermediates (e.g., syngas, CO2, methanol) to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with improved carbon

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Thermochemical Platform Analysis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A recent DOE project aims to Improve Research Impacts by Providing Industrial Context, Maximize SAF and Heavy Fuels as Primary Products, Facilitate the Reuse of Existing Petroleum Refining Operations and mitigate scale-up risks feasible within lab/pilot

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Accelerating the Catalyst and Process Development Cycle for Bioenergy Applications

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ChemCatBio accelerates the development of catalytic technologies for converting biomass and waste resources into fuels and chemicals with a lower carbon footprint. From sustainable aviation fuel to bio-based marine fuel to renewable monomers for material manufacturing, the Chemical

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) High-value chemicals and materials have the clearest near-term path to market; accordingly, the program is encouraged to increase its focus on ancillary technologies for producing high-value chemicals alongside core technologies that focus on producing high-volume fuels.

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E-fuels: Axens, Paul Wurth (SMS group) and IFPEN Sign an Agreement for the Co-Development of the Reverse Water Gas Shift Technology

(Axens) Axens, SMS group subsidiary Paul Wurth and IFP Energies nouvelles signed a co-development agreement for the optimization of the Reverse Water Gas Shift technology (RWGS) and its integration into e-fuel projects. The RWGS technology is indeed an essential part of the

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Ethanol-Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with HEA Internal Reforming Catalyst for Transportation Applications

(Green Car Congress) Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Connecticut have demonstrated high-performance metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFC) with an integrated high entropy alloy (HEA) internal reforming catalyst (IRC) for transportation applications using ethanol and methanol

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On Top of SAF: ... Topsoe Believes All Possible Pathways Are Needed—but for Most, Investment Costs Remain High.

by  Susanne Retka Schill (SAF Magazine) U.S. SAF goals are lofty. New tax credits provide real incentives. Multiple technologies are ready to roll. Opportunities lie ahead.  But the challenges are complex, Henrik Rasmussen, Topsoe’s managing director for the Americas, tells SAF Magazine.

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Start for the "Leuna100" Project: Use of the Green Fuel Saves Gigatons of CO2

(Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT) Green methanol for shipping and industry -- The Berlin-based climate tech start-up C1, together with its partners – the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems IWES, the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Infinium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Infinium is a Commercial Scale decarbonization Platform for heavy transport, utilizing existing infrastructure for lower emissions today. Infinium’s production process uses renewable power, waste CO2 and water and, unlike most of today’s SAF and Renewable Diesel,

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National Laboratory Pilot Plants Help Industry De-Risk Biofuel Processes

by Zia Abdullah (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) We are witnessing a renaissance of innovation in sustainable fuels. Established corporations and small startups around the world are proposing novel solutions for turning abundant renewable carbon resources into energy-dense, low-carbon fuels that are key

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Clariant's MegaMax® Catalyst Chosen by European Energy for World's Largest e-Methanol Plant

(Clariant) European Energy is building the world’s largest CO2-to-green methanol plant, with an annual capacity of 32,000 tons; End-customers include maritime giant Maersk, the Lego Group and Novo Nordisk; MegaMax catalyst optimally suited for green methanol production due to its high activity and

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Rid Us this Day our Daily Waste: New Path out of the Plastics Problem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... The main reason is that the products made by existing processes are so low in value that, instead of making treasure from trash, we make trash from trash, and there’s no cash. The fact that

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PCC Hydrogen Secured Crucial Funding from USDA and KSTC

(PCC Hydrogen/Business Wire) PCC Hydrogen Inc. (PCCH2) is pleased to announce that the company has been awarded a highly competitive Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Phase I Award of $175,000 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of

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New Ethanol Fuel Cell Technology Rivals Fossil Fuels and Electric Car Batteries

by Beatriz Nina Ribeiro Oliveira (University of Central Florida) Ethanol fuel cells, in which alcohol can be poured directly in as fuel, offer cleaner emissions than fossil fuels and no charging times compared to electric vehicle batteries. University of Central Florida researchers

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Axens Will Provide Vegan Technology to Haike Chemicals for Its Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Project in China

(Axens) Shandong Haike Chemical Co. Ltd, a Chinese refining and petrochemical company, has selected Axens’ Vegan® technology to produce low carbon, cost competitive sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by retrofitting its existing assets. Vegan® technology is a second-generation hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) solution which

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UvA Chemists Recycle Shrimp Waste as Catalyst for Hydrogen Generation

(University of Amsterdam) Flexible spheres of the biomolecule chitosan, made from shrimp waste, can be used for catalysts that generate hydrogen gas from borohydride salts. In a paper in Green Chemistry, a research team at the University of Amsterdam (UvA) shows

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Anellotech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Founded in 2008, Anellotech is a sustainable technology company that has invented and is developing innovative technologies to produce cost effective, renewable chemical and to recycle mixed plastics. Over the past years Anellotech has raised over

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Taking a New Crack at the Cellulosic Code: Blue Biofuels Is Trying to Grow

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Blue Biofuels is trying to grow in multiple areas. From its home state of Florida, the aspirant advanced biofuel production company is trying to expand its know-how and commercial readiness with a novel mechano-chemical cellulosic

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ART, a Chevron, Grace Joint Venture, Launches Catalyst System to Produce Renewable Diesel, Sustainable Aviation Fuel from 100% Renewable Sources

(W.R. Grace & Co./Globe Newswire)   Advanced Refining Technologies LLC (ART), a joint venture of Chevron (NYSE: CVX) and specialty chemicals leader W. R. Grace & Co. (Grace), today launched ENDEAVOR™, a hydroprocessing catalyst solution to produce renewable diesel (RD) and

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HYCO1 and Kansas Ethanol Collaborate on World's Largest Biogenic CO2 Utilization Facility

(HYCO1/PR Newswire) HYCO1, Inc.  announces that it has entered into a 20-year carbon dioxide supply agreement with Kansas Ethanol, located in Lyons, Kansas for the planned construction of the world's largest biogenic carbon dioxide utilization facility, Green Carbon Synthetics Kansas, LLC.  HYCO1 is

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World’s Leading Steel Company, ArcelorMittal and LanzaTech Announce First Ethanol Samples from Commercial Flagship Carbon Capture and Utilisation Facility in Ghent, Belgium

(LanzaTech) €200 million commercial scale CCU plant first of its kind in the European steel industry; Facility employing LanzaTech’s cutting-edge carbon recycling process couples decarbonization technology with chemical production to advance EU’s 2030 Climate Target Plan and a circular economy ArcelorMittal

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Production and Catalytic Upgrading of 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation Broth into Sustainable Aviation Fuel Blendstock and Fuel Properties Measurement

by Martin Affandy, Cheng Zhu, Marie Swita, Beth Hofstad, Dylan Cronin, Richard Elander,  and Vanessa Lebarbier Dagle (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Fuel)  With the increasing demand for sustainable supplies of aviation fuel and need to address

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Improving Rigor and Reproducibility Can Accelerate Catalytic Research

by Cody Wrasman, Jacklyn Hall, and Josh Schaidle (ChemCatBio)  Achieving the Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy Consortium's (ChemCatBio's) mission of accelerating catalyst and process development relies on rigorously collected and reproducible catalytic data. However, the best practices for collecting, processing, and reporting catalytic

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After More than 15 Years, BDI’s RepCat Technology Comes of Age

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) The commissioning of three new plants in less than a handful of months marks a milestone for the decade-and-a-half-old “new” biodiesel technology. BDI-BioEnergy International, the Austrian biodiesel process-technology provider and plant builder whose pioneering achievements in

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OXCCU Raises $22 Million to Transform Carbon Dioxide into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(OXCCU TECH LTD) Developed by Oxford University scientists, OXCCU converts captured carbon dioxide into sustainable aviation fuel to cost-effectively decarbonize air transport;  Led by Clean Energy Ventures, the Series A round is composed of new investors including United Airlines and

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Available Now! BETO 2023 Project Peer Review Presentations

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted the 2023 Project Peer Review on April 3-7, 2023, in Denver, CO.  During this in-person event, more than 280 projects in BETO’s research, development, and demonstration portfolios presented their progress

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Disrupting Climate Change: 13 Tech Innovators Helping to Save the Planet

by Meghan Gunn, Kerri Anne Renaulli and Ned Potter (Newsweek) ...These disruptors are pushing the boundaries of technology in creative ways to find solutions to the climate crisis and other, often related, environmental challenges. And they are often doing so

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Aviation Climate Task Force Issues First Research Grant to Drive More Sustainable Aviation Fuel using Direct Air Capture Technology

(Aviation Climate Taskforce (ACT)/PR Newswire)   The Aviation Climate Taskforce announces today the funding of its first research grant to pioneer an innovative Direct Air Capture (DAC)-to-Jet approach—transforming conventional DAC to aviation-aligned reactive DAC by combining CO2 capture with CO2 conversion. The $400,000 grant to Susteon will be

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Sulzer's Flow Technology Selected for Biofuel Production in Canada

by Bella Weetch (Hydrocarbon Engineering)  ... Sulzer has been selected to supply a range of pumps for an innovative project in Canada that will utilise locally grown rapeseed as bio-feedstock for net zero diesel production. This includes reliable centrifugal pumps designed

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Preparing a Renewable Route to Rubber Material

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) ...  Butadiene, an essential component of synthetic rubber, is currently produced by the petrochemical industry from fossil reserves. But it could be efficiently made in a one-step reaction from renewable ethanol using a modernized

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SAF in the Big Sky State

by Susanne Retka Schill (SAF Magazine)  Calumet’s Montana Renewables has set sights on optimizing renewable jet output to be North America’s largest producer. -- As of late February, Montana Renewables LLC claims the distinction of being the largest sustainable aviation

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Jakson Green To Build World’s First Methanol Production Plant In Partnership With NTPC

(India Education Diary)  Jakson Green, India’s leading player in the renewable and new energy space, has won a first-of-its-kind project from National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) to establish a Methanol synthesis facility at Vindhyachal, Madhya Pradesh. Methanol is a cleaner alternative

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DOE Announces $14 Million to Optimize Production of Affordable Biofuels and Biochemicals DEADLINE April 21, 2023

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Department of Energy today announced $14 million in funding to support and optimize the production of affordable biofuels and biochemicals while significantly reducing carbon emissions. This funding will advance the Biden-Harris administration’s goals to address

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International Study Develops Ground-Breaking Method of Making Biodiesel from Dirty Old Cooking Oil

by Alan Williams (University of Plymouth) A scientist from the University of Plymouth has played a key role in new research which has developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food

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Novel Catalyst for Highly Selective Photoelectroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol

by Li Yuan (Chinese Academy of Sciences/Phys.Org) Artificial photosynthesis (AP), using sunlight to produce valuable chemicals and fuels from carbon dioxide (CO2), is a promising strategy to achieve solar energy storage as well as negative carbon cycle. However, artificial photosynthesis is quite complex and

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Off the Ground

by Katie Schroeder (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Several alcohol-to-jet projects, partnerships and technologies have been announced in the past 18 months. Ethanol Producer Magazine checks in on each, looking at where they stand and what they might ultimately achieve. ... Multiple airlines forged

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Aether Biomaterials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aether’s biosourced MCH is currently used today in both jet fuels and ICE fuels. MCH is the carrier compound for the Chiyoda SPERA hydrogen transport & storage system. MCH is a source of Toluene. The

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Bio-Optimized Technologies to keep Thermoplastics out of Landfills and the Environment (BOTTLE)

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Current plastics waste management and recycling approaches are limited. Recycled plastics often lower quality and value; Mechanical recycling not applicable to all polymers; and, there is little economic incentive for plastics reclamation. Can we apply expertise

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Feedstock Imperatives: What Biobased Diesel Producers Need to Know to Develop a Common-Sense Feedstock Specification.

by Christine Riedl (Biobased Diesel Daily/BDI-BioEnergy International) In the most relevant market newsletters, feedstocks like used cooking oil (UCO) or animal fats are specified by the free fatty acid (FFA) content, moisture, insoluble impurities and unsaponifiable matter (MIU), and sometimes

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Researchers Produce Green Hydrogen from Seawater

by Daniela Castim (World Bio Market Insights) Researchers from the University of Adelaide, Australia have successfully split seawater without any pre-treatment to produce green hydrogen. The international team was led by the University of Adelaide’s Professor Shizhang Qiao and Associate Professor Yao

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to SHV Energy and rDME technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) SHV Energy is a leading global distributor of off-grid energy, such as LPG, LNG, hydrogen, bioLPG and rDME. The company serves 30 million business and residential customers in 24 countries across 4 continents. The ambition

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Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel: What’s the Difference?

by Maria Gerveni, Scott Irwin, Todd Hubbs  (University of Illinois and U.S. Department of Agriculture/FarmDocDaily) Biomass-based diesel has long played an important role in compliance with the U.S. Renewable Fuels (RFS) mandates (e.g., farmdoc daily, July 19, 2017).  The two main types of

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move: New Reactor Concept for Methanation -- Robust and Flexible to Synthetic Methane

by Annina Schneider (EMPA)  Synthetic energy carriers are carbon-neutral and make renewable energy transportable and storable in the long term. Synthetically produced methane is one of them. The problem: The production involves rather high energy losses; moreover, existing processes require

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U.S. Department of Energy Awards $118 Million to Accelerate Domestic Biofuel Production

(U.S. Department of Energy) 17 Projects Will Boost Production of Biofuels for Consumer and Freight Transportation in America, Support President Biden’s Decarbonization and Climate Agenda -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $118 million in funding for 17 projects

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Researchers Capture Carbon More Effectively with New Catalyst Design

by Tyler Irving (Tech Explore/University of Toronto) A new catalyst design created by researchers at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering could significantly improve the practicality of an electrochemical process that converts captured carbon dioxide into

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Maersk Backs C1 to Make Zero-Carbon Shipping a Reality Faster – and Cheaper.

(Circular Carbon Chemistry) Berlin-based start-up found a way to mass-produce green methanol at a competitive price / Partnership with the global pioneer in decarbonisation of shipping enables faster scale and technological cooperation. The Climate tech start-up C1 has raised growth capital

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Berkeley Lab scientists have developed a nature-inspired technique for converting carbon dioxide into solar fuels. Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have demonstrated

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New Notice of Intent for Improving Bioenergy Feedstocks and Optimizing Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) announced its intent to issue two funding opportunity announcements (FOAs) in early 2023.  These potential FOAs, “Reducing Agricultural Carbon Intensity and Protecting Algal Crops (RACIPAC)” and the “2023

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In a First in Arab World, Mwasalat Launches Green Bus Powered by Biofuel

(TAS News Service/The Arabian Stories) The fuel was made from date kernel oil by a research team at Sultan Qaboos University. -- Oman’s National Transport Company — Mwasalat launched Green Bus powered by biofuel, considered to be the first in the

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International Study Develops Ground-Breaking Method of Making Biodiesel from Dirty Old Cooking Oil

(University of Plymouth) A scientist from the University of Plymouth has played a key role in new research which has developed a powerful, low-cost method for recycling used cooking oil and agricultural waste into biodiesel, and turning food scraps and

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$1 Million Awarded to Minority Serving Institutions for Bioenergy Research

(U.S. Department of Energy) Three projects have been selected for funding under a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) interagency agreement with the Minority Serving Institution STEM Research & Development Consortium (MSRDC). DOE has leveraged the interagency agreement to reduce barriers to entry for

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To Battle Climate Change, Scientists Tap into Carbon-Hungry Microorganisms for Clues

by Theresa Duque (Science Daily/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  New technique could fast-track future carbon-free solar fuels -- Scientists have demonstrated a new technique, modeled after a metabolic process found in some bacteria, to convert carbon dioxide into solar fuels through artificial

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Danish University Research Receives Funding to Produce Hydrogen from Biogas

(Bioenergy Insight) Denmark's first plant to produce hydrogen by catalytic pyrolysis of biogas is due to be ready in three years. The technology can convert carbon - captured via photosynthesis - into solid form and simultaneously produce hydrogen very energy-efficiently Carbon

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to ChemCatBio

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ChemCatBio’s mission is to accelerate the catalyst and process development cycle for bioenergy applications – but how? What’s the potential impact of a billion-ton bioeconomy? What are the catalysis challenges in the conversion of biomass

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Making High-Efficiency Ethylene from CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers aim for high-efficiency electrochemical production of ethylene from CO2,. Specific in this project, they sought to design electrodes to direct the cascade reaction from CO2 to ethylene via carbon monoxide, and

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Chemists Create an 'Artificial Photosynthesis' System that Is 10 Times More Efficient than Existing Systems

by Louise Lerner (University of Chicago News) UChicago breakthrough creates methane fuel from sun, carbon dioxide and water -- For the past two centuries, humans have relied on fossil fuels for concentrated energy; hundreds of millions of years of photosynthesis

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Consortium Formed for Developing New Process Technology to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(OMV Group) Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) in Germany announces funding of EUR 3.1 mn for Methanol-to-SAF (M2SAF) development project; BASF, Thyssenkrupp, OMV, DLR and ASG join M2SAF consortium  The strong growth of the aviation industry requires solutions to

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SHV Energy and GTI Energy Announce New Partnership to Produce Renewable Propane

(SHV Energy) The partners will produce renewable propane and butane from bioethanol.  -- SHV Energy and US-based GTI Energy announced today(November 8, 2022) that they are entering into a strategic partnership to further develop a process for commercial-scale, on-purpose production

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Biofuel on Road to Energy, Cost Savings

by Beth Burmahl (Argonne National Laboratory) Argonne collaborates with U.S. laboratories on research to identify promising biofuels for different engine types.  -- Biofuel is closer to becoming a cost-competitive, climate-friendly solution for slashing carbon emissions in cars and trucks, according to two new

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Clean Hydrogen Fuel Is Easier to Produce from Seawater with Stable Hierarchical Electrocatalysts

(King Abdullah University of Science and Technology/Phys.Org) Seawater, which comprises more than 95% of the Earth's water, could become a key resource in the sustainable production of clean hydrogen fuel with use of water-splitting catalysts developed by a KAUST-led team. Water

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Swing Process for Reactive CO2 Capture and Conversion to Methanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this project, researchers are designing and developing tailored dual-function materials (DFMs) and the accompanying pressure-swing process for reactive capture and conversion (RCC) of CO2 to directly produce methanol. This will favor lower capital and

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Polymers for Simultaneous CO2 Capture and Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This Project aims to advance the Technical Readiness Level through experimental and modeling to enhance the efficiencies while assessing the TEA/LCA of a dual functional catalytic porous polymer for simultaneous capture and conversion of CO2

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Researchers Pilot New Process to Achieve 100% Bio-Based Jet Fuel

by Emma VandenEinde (KUNC) As the airline industry works to cut its carbon dioxide emissions, a team of researchers believe they've found a "runway" to 100% sustainable aviation fuel. Their findings – published this week in the journal Joule – demonstrate harnessing the power of

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New BASF CircleStar™ Catalyst Decreases CO2 Footprint in the Bio-Ethylene Value Chain for Products Ranging from Jet Fuel to Plastics

(BASF) CircleStar™ improves selectivity and reduces carbon emissions by more than 10 percent; Novel geometry leads to better mass transfer and longer catalyst lifetime; CircleStar™ contributes to transformation of chemical industry to climate neutrality BASF introduces CircleStar™, an innovative dehydration catalyst

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Honeywell to Make Lower-Carbon Aviation Fuel from Ethanol

by Stephanie Kelly (Reuters)  Tech firm Honeywell International Inc (HON.O) will roll out technology that could increase supplies of lower-carbon aviation fuel produced from ethanol, the company said Monday, as the Biden administration calls for the aviation industry to reduce emissions. Honeywell's technology can increase production

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$2.25M Awarded to Develop Sustainable Energy Products from Waste Streams

by Sam Jones (North Carolina State University CALS News) Researchers will create sustainable aviation fuel and graphite from a blend of wood waste and seaweed.  -- A team of researchers in NC State’s College of Natural Resources and College of Agriculture and

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PNNL Team Recognized with ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry

by Mary Ann Showalter (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) The American Chemical Society (ACS) has announced that development of a catalytic process and catalyst to create sustainable aviation fuel is receiving the 2023 ACS Award for Affordable Green Chemistry. The team named in the

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New Catalyst Offers a More Affordable Way to Produce Hydrogen from Seawater

by Jeannie Kever (University of Houston)   Researchers Discover a Single Catalyst Capable of Splitting Both Freshwater and Seawater at Low Voltage -- Hydrogen has drawn attention in recent years as a potential source of clean energy because it burns without producing

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Catalytic Process with Lignin Could Enable 100% Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Biobased Diesel Daily) An underutilized natural resource could be just what the airline industry needs to curb carbon emissions. Researchers at three institutions—the U.S. DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Washington State University—report success

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalyst Deactivation Mitigation for Biomass Conversion

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) As we observed once here in Digestville, biomass is where catalysts go to die. How can we change that? Providing fundamental insight and actionable recommendations for extending catalyst lifetime in biomass catalytic conversion by a collective and

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The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolysis Vapors

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a versatile technology pathway for the direct liquefaction of biomass and waste carbon sources. In this slide deck from NREL’s Mike Griffin, we explore the Potential for high carbon yields to

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WPI Researchers Create New Method for Making Biodiesel Fuel with Food Waste

(Worcester Polytechnic Institute/Business Wire) With gas prices soaring and food costs pinching family budgets, an interdisciplinary team of researchers at WPI is looking at ways to use food waste to make a renewable and more affordable fuel replacement for oil-based diesel. The work,

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Direct Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Bulk Chemicals and Liquid Fuels

(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences) High-efficiency utilization of CO2 facilitates the reduction of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere and hence the alleviation of the greenhouse effect. The chemical utilization of CO2, which refers to converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and

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Green Plains, Tallgrass and PNNL Awarded DOE Funding for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Technology

(Green Plains) Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE), Tallgrass, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) today announced they have been awarded funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to advance sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technology as part of the federal agency’s effort

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Easing Pain at the Pump with Food Waste: New Method for Making Biodiesel Fuel

by Jack Levy (Worcester Polytechnic Institute/ Phys.Org) ... To make the fuel, the researchers employed a process called hydrothermal liquefaction, which uses heat and water to break down the food waste into a liquid. It's a method that has been used

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Department of Energy Announces $29.5 Million for Improved Bioenergy Resource Recovery and Conversion Systems

( U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has awarded $29.5 million to 15 projects to improve the current science and infrastructure for utilizing waste streams, often disproportionately located in underserved communities, and support the development of improved organisms and

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Felix T-Cat: Anellotech Reaches into Its Bag of Tricks to Produce a Plastic-to-Plastic Fix

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Anellotech has developed Plast-TCat technology to address the gap. Now, we have news that Anellotech has, for the first time, continuously processed solid, post-consumer plastic waste into light olefins and aromatics using its Plas-TCat catalytic pyrolysis

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2021 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted its virtual 2021 Project Peer Review on March 8‒12, 15‒16, and 22‒26, 2021. During the event, 271 projects in BETO’s research portfolio were presented, representing a total

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Scientists Create a New Catalyst for 'Green' Biodiesel

( The National University of Science and Technology MISIS/Tech Xplore) An effective industrial catalyst for the faster production of biofuels at low temperatures has been synthesized by an international scientific team with the participation of scientists from MISIS University. The

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Unlocking the Mystery of Catalyst Poisoning

by Asanga Padmaperuma (U.S. Department of Energy) A research team from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory investigates how potassium in biomass feedstocks poisons a catalyst. Their discovery allowed researchers to better understand catalyst health and regeneration during the conversion of feedstocks into

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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