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SIAM: BS7 Committee Examining Compliance Challenges of Ethanol-Blended Fuels

by Shweta Bhanot Mehrotra (Economic Times Auto) Banerjee emphasises that the automotive industry has been on track with its ethanol-blended fuels -- The Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) says the committee working on Bharat Stage7 (BS7) emission norms is evaluating various aspects

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Brazil to Keep Mandatory Biodiesel Blend at 14%, Minister Says

 by Rodrigo Viga Gaier, Leticia Fucuchima, Gabriel Araujo and Ana Mano (Reuters) Brazil's national energy council has decided to keep the local mandatory biodiesel blend into diesel at 14% from March instead of raising it to 15% as previously expected, Energy Minister Alexandre

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Demand Destruction 2.0 for Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel?

by Scott Irwin (farmdoc daily) Two recent farmdoc daily articles (February 5, 2025; February 12, 2025) examined the impact of small refinery exemptions (SREs) under the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) on the demand for ethanol and biomass-based diesel (BBD).  The aggregate blend rate

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Where Is the Technical Solution for Overcoming the “Goldilocks Pricing” Problem for the Biofuel Industry?

by Bob Kozak* (Atlantic Biomass, LLC) In Part 1 of this 3-part series we discussed how “Goldilocks Oil Pricing” is causing major problems for the US fuel ethanol industry. In this Part 2 we’ll discuss why US R&D hasn’t been

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Ag Groups Seek Landowner Rights Compromise

by Carah Hart (Brownfield Ag News)  Two South Dakota ag groups want to see the state legislature compromise on eminent domain. House Bill 1052 would add a new section to existing right-of-way carrier law preventing the use of eminent domain for pipelines carrying

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Clean Fuels, API, and Others Urge EPA Administrator Zeldin to Set Robust, Multiyear RFS Volumes

(Clean Fuels Alliance America)  RFS must accurately reflect investments in capacity, availability of fuels, and demand from new markets -- - Today, Clean Fuels Alliance America joined 10 other national trade groups in a letter to EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin urging the

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OAL Rejects Portions of LCFS Amendments, Citing Clarity Concerns

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) The California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced this week that the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) has rejected one or more of the recently adopted amendments to the state’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), preventing the changes

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RNG Coalition Sponsors Introduction of California Biogas Bill

(Renewable Natual Gas Coalition/Biomass Magazine) California Sen. Timothy Grayson (D-9) on Feb. 14 introduced California Senate Bill 377 (SB-377), legislation that modifies the state’s renewable natural gas (RNG) procurement framework and authorizes utilities to recover costs associated with RNG interconnection investments.

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COMMENTARY: Bridging the Hydrogen and eSAF policy gap in the UK and EU

by Tim Moxham (GreenAir News) This year marks a pivotal moment for aviation as the EU and UK sustainable aviation fuel mandates take effect, requiring jet fuel producers to reduce carbon emissions by blending SAF into their fuel. With this, the

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What Is Biofuel Financing? Why Should You Read about It?

by Sanjana Negi (News Bytes)  As the (Indian) government aims to reduce dependency on crude oil imports and promote cleaner energy, biofuels have emerged as a promising alternative. This article delves into the dynamics of financing biofuel projects, shedding light on government initiatives,

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With 2050 Net-Zero Goal on Horizon, Momentum Builds for Biofuel in Japan

(Japan Times) A proposal to promote use of biofuel in the transportation sector is gaining attention as the country faces mounting pressure to accelerate decarbonization efforts and achieve the government's target of net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. In November last year,

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Ethanol Industry Eyeing March for Year-round E15 Legislation

 by Meghan Grebner (Brownfield Ag News)  U.S. Congressman Randy Feenstra of Iowa says it’s very possible language for year-round E-15 could be included in the March Continuing Resolution. “In December, we kicked that can down the road until March 15,” he

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Cooper: Trump Policies Can Re-Ignite Ag

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer) The Trump administration has an opportunity through biofuels and trade policy to avert a farm crisis, the head of the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) said during an address at the National Ethanol Conference in Nashville

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5 Takeaways in the EU’s Big Agriculture (and Food) Vision

by Bartosz Brzeziński and Alessandro Ford (Politico Pro)  The European Commission published its long-term “vision” for the European Union’s agriculture and food policy on Wednesday, setting out ambitions for a sector that has been at the center of political protests, trade tensions and

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Premium Tallow, Lard Prices Increase, Aligning with Broader Fats Market Trends

by Sarah Schneider (Fastmarkets/Biobased Diesel Daily) Prices for premium-grade tallow increased Feb. 14, with 10 railcars of technical tallow trading at 56 cents per pound Chicago and 10 railcars of edible tallow at 57.5 cents per pound, closing the week on

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Lauritzen Bulkers Takes on Biofuel in Gibraltar

by Rhys Berry (Bunkerspot) Lauritzen Bulkers has announced that one of its time-chartered vessels was recently bunkered with very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) biofuel B20 in Gibraltar. The fuelling, which took place on 9 February, was carried out by Peninsula via

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Indonesia's Conducting Studies to Implement 50% Biodiesel Blend in 2026

(Reuters/Channel News Asia) Indonesia is studying the implementation of a biodiesel blend that contains 50 per cent palm oil in 2026, and is also looking at a 3 per cent blend for jet fuel next year, energy ministry official Eniya Listiani

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Brazil at the Helm: Steering Global Health, Climate, Finance and Innovation

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  On Thursday, February 13, the BRICS member countries launched their first document outlining priorities and goals for the year 2025, in the lead-up to their 17th Summit, with Brazil holding the rotating presidency of

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The State of West Virginia Is Granted Primacy Over Class VI Wells

(Gibson Dunn) The final rule marks a significant transition in the regulatory oversight of the carbon capture and sequestration industry within West Virginia. On January 17, 2025, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) signed a final rule giving the State of

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RFA Releases 2025 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The Renewable Fuels Association released its 2025 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide today as a kickoff to the 30th annual National Ethanol Conference, taking place this week in Nashville. The annual publications serve as the go-to source of ethanol industry information,

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Consumption of Renewable Diesel Continues General Growth Trend on the U.S. West Coast

by Jimmy Troderman (U.S. Energy Information Administration)  Renewable diesel is increasingly replacing petroleum diesel on the U.S. West Coast, where state-level policies are attracting new production capacity and shipments to the region. The fuel continues to mostly be consumed in California

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The Trump Administration Is Trying an End Run around Revoking California’s Car and Truck Rules

by Ann Carlson and Mary Nichols (Legal Planet) Last Friday, EPA’s Administrator Lee Zeldin announced a new and unprecedented way to try to prevent California from implementing its ambitious program to move toward 100 percent  zero emission vehicles. This time around, the Trump

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Major Companies Advocate for Biomethane Rollout to Support Decarbonisation Pathways

(European Biogas Association)  Leading biomethane offtakers have come together in the Biomethane Offtakers Declaration, released today, to call for higher support for biomethane production and offtake. Led by the European Biogas Association, this initiative emphasises biomethane’s essential role in achieving Europe’s

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Third Year of Record Growth for U.S. Biogas Industry; Expected to Continue in 2024

(American Biogas Council) $1.8 billion was invested in new projects last year, according to numbers just released by the American Biogas Council -- Newly-released data from the American Biogas Council (ABC) indicates that 2023 was the third year of record growth across

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MOL Group Produces HVO and SAF via Co-processing

(Bioenergy International) Hungary-headed integrated oil, gas, petrochemicals, and consumer retail company MOL Group has announced that it has produced a diesel fuel containing hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at its Slovnaft refinery in Bratislava, Slovakia. The quality

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US and China Lead G20 in Search for Hydrogen Fuels

by Sean Barton (University of Sheffield)  The US and China are leading the G20 in efforts to develop hydrogen fuels, according to new research from the University of Sheffield. -- The United States and China have the most advanced hydrogen economies

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TECNIMONT, Paradeep Municipality and NITK - Surathkal Held Ceremony to Launch the Biogas Plant Project in Paradeep, India

(TECNIMONT)  The one-ton-per-day biogas plant aims to support community kitchens in providing cooking gas using food and vegetable waste as feedstock -- Tecnimont Private Limited (TCMPL), the Indian subsidiary of TECNIMONT, Paradeep Municipality and the National Institute of Technology of Karmataka Surathkal (NITK)

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EU Approves €111.7M Greek State Aid for Motor Oil Hellas to Boost Renewable Hydrogen Production

(Fuel Cells Works) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a €111.7 million Greek measure to support Motor Oil Hellas, a Greek refinery company, to produce renewable hydrogen. The measure will contribute to the decarbonization of the mobility and

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Uni-Fuels Gets ISCC Certifications to Accelerate Sustainable Marine Fuel Trading

by Naida Hakirevic Prevljak (Offshore Energy)  Singapore-based provider of marine fuel solutions Uni-Fuels has received both ISCC EU and ISCC PLUS certifications from the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC), an independent multi-stakeholder initiative and certification system supporting sustainable, fully traceable,

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Missouri Soybean Focused on Farmer Profitability

by Jared White (Brownfield Ag News) The new deputy executive director of the Missouri Soybean Association says the key to increasing farmer profitability is growing soybean demand.  Casey Wasser says Missouri farmers are uniquely positioned to benefit from expanded use of biofuels. “If

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Battle of the Biofuels as Shipping Takes a Stand against Using Crops

by Charlie Bartlett (The Loadstar) The IMO’s Intersessional Working Group on Greenhouse Gases (ISWG-GHG 18) has become an ideological battleground, with shipping lines taking a stance against crop biofuels, one of few alternatives to fossil fuels available today. Activist group Transport

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Trump Maneuvers to Outflank California Over Ban on Gasoline Cars

by Jennifer A. Dlouhy (Bloomberg News/Bloomberg Law)  EPA will submit air pollution waivers to Congress for review; Carmakers call zero-emission vehicle sales quotas unachievable The Trump administration is delivering an initial strike against California car pollution regulations compelling zero-emission vehicle sales that the

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White House Launches ‘Energy Dominance’ Council to Promote Fossil Fuels

by Heather Richards (E&E News PM) Interior Secretary Doug Burgum will lead the group tasked with centralizing national energy policies. -- President Donald Trump signed an executive order Friday establishing a White House energy council to promote the nation’s energy industries amid

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United States May Ask India for Substantial Market Access in Agriculture, Ethanol: Report

(ChinaMandi)  The United States (US) is expected to request more market access from India in sectors such as agriculture and dairy products, ethanol, and medical devices as part of the proposed bilateral trade agreement (BTA) that both countries aim to finalize within the next

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Iowa Gas Stations Face 2026 Deadline to Offer E15

byTom Barton (The Gazette)  So far, the state has spent $53.5M and private investors spent $260M -- Iowa gas stations face a looming deadline and substantial costs to install, replace or upgrade fuel storage tanks and dispensers needed to provide ethanol blends

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Ethanol: A Cross-Border Powerhouse

by Andrea Kent (Renewable Industries Canada/Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... Canada’s demand for clean fuel makes it the top buyer of U.S. ethanol, importing 639 million gallons annually—45% of all U.S. exports—while supporting 395,000 U.S. rural jobs. The U.S. ethanol industry produces

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Traceability: Rules and Tools

by Luke Geiver (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The California Air Resources Board has altered its Low Carbon Fuel Standard several times since first implementing the historic policy framework in 2011. In November 2024, CARB adopted a new round of program amendments on

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E30 Could Reduce Brazil's Dependence on Imported Gasoline, Says MME

(National Bioenergy Union (Google Translation))  In 2024, gasoline imports totaled 2.87 billion liters, a decrease of around 30% compared to the previous year -- The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) estimates that the adoption of E30, a blend of 30% anhydrous ethanol in C

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Council, National Corn Growers Association Host Corn Sustainability Strategy Meeting

(U.S. Grains Council)   the U.S. Grains Council (USGC) and the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) jointly held the 1st Corn Sustainability Strategy Session to discuss the U.S. corn industry’s plans to leverage its sustainable practices and respond to market requirements across

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Argus Media: California Aims to Expand Alternative Bunker Fuels

by Stefka Wechsler (Manifold Times)  State senate bill 298, introduced by state senator Anna Caballero, would require a plan to be developed by 31 December 2030 for use and deployment of alternative marine fuels at California’s public seaports. --  California lawmakers will

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GOP Eyes Expanding Transportation Fuels Tax Credit

by Daniel Moore (Axios Pro)  Republicans seeking to roll back the Biden climate legacy are actually looking to preserve one IRA incentive: the 45Z clean transportation fuels tax credit. A powerful and diverse coalition that includes airlines, farmers, labor unions

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Year-round E15 Legislation Reintroduced into Congress

by Brandon Peoples (Brownfield Ag News) The push for year-round E15 continues.  On Thursday, the bicameral, bipartisan Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2025 was reintroduced into the 119th Congress. If passed, the bill would remove seasonal restrictions from those

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Guangzhou Accelerates the Pilot Work of Promoting the Application of Biofuel Oil for International Ships

(Ocean Network/dayoo news (Google Translation))  The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce that in order to promote the national biodiesel promotion and application pilot and expand domestic biodiesel application scenarios, Guangzhou recently issued the pilot work plan

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Future Bright for Low-Carbon Vessels

by Tan Yingzi and Deng Rui in Chongqing (China Daily Hong Kong)  On Feb 8, 2025,  the Minhou, the country's first 130-type methanol-diesel dual-fuel distribution vessel, docks at Chongqing's Guoyuan Port after departing from Shanghai, marking China's foray into eco-friendly and

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Ferrie: Some Practical Thoughts on How to Be Ready for ‘45Z’ Public Comments DEADLINE April 10, 2025

by Rhonda Brooks (AgWeb)  Farmers will need to be able to show farm records, receipts, delivery tickets, and any as-applied maps. Geo-stamp photos will also be required to prove the use of no-till and cover crops. -- The Clean Fuel Production Credit,

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Carbon Recycling Firm LanzaTech Is Spinning out Synthetic Biology Tech

by Heather Clancy (Trellis) LanzaTech, which went public last year, is still not profitable. -- LanzaTech, which turns waste carbon from industrial processes into fuels, materials and proteins, is planning a joint venture to commercialize a process that uses microbes to turn

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Biomass-Based Diesel Demand Destruction 2.0?

by Scott Irwin (farmdoc daily)  A farmdoc daily article last week (February 5, 2025) examined the possible impact of reductions in the conventional mandate under the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) on the demand for ethanol in the physical market.  A previous episode

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Why Brazil Has Escaped Trump’s Tariff Targeting (So Far)

by Gabriel Malheiros (Datamar News)  “The question isn’t whether Brazil will face tariffs—it’s when”  That’s the assessment of experts consulted by BBC News Brasil regarding the future of Donald Trump’s tariff policies. “It’s highly likely that Brazil will eventually become a target of U.S.

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U.S. and International Commitments to Tackle Commercial Aviation Emissions

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute) ... The United States and the global air transport industry plan to reduce aviation’s climate impact by employing four primary strategies. The first is making fuel efficiency improvements through advances in aircraft technology, mainly

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SEC Announces It Will Not Defend Climate Disclosure Rule

by Zack Budryk (The Hill)  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced Tuesday that it will not defend a year-old rule requiring publicly held companies to disclose climate-related risks and in some cases the details of their emissions. “The Rule is deeply

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Trump Set a Deadline on the Endangerment Finding. Here’s What Might Happen.

by Jean Chemnick (E&E News Climatewire) The president ordered EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin to decide by next week on one of the first major issues facing his agency.  --  EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin has one week to tell President Donald Trump whether

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We Can’t Ignore Warning Signs, Farmers Need Growing Markets in 2025 Says IRFA’s Shaw

(Iowa Renewable Fuels Association)  Focused on Fuels of Opportunity at the 2025 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit --  While it is easy to glance over incoming challenges, the renewable fuels industry must face those hurdles head-on and not let change deter the destination.

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Waste Oils Displace Palm Oil, Determine Composition of Raw Materials in Germany’s 2023 GHG-Quota Year

(UFOP)  The 2023 quota year once again confirmed the “excellence” of biodiesel made from waste oils for counting towards Germany’s greenhouse-gas reduction obligation (GHG quota), stated UFOP, with reference to the “Evaluation and Experience Report 2023” published by Germany’s Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE) at

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Renewable Diesel’s Reliable Heavy-Duty Performance Powers Cities through Winter

(Approved Oil/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Winter storms may present challenges, but they also offer an opportunity to demonstrate the strength and reliability of renewable diesel. For cities committed to cleaner air, sustainability and the efficient operation of heavy-duty vehicles in freezing conditions, renewable

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Sustainable Aviation Fuel Pilot Program Underway at RAAF Base East Sale

(Australian Government  Defence) A 12-month pilot program using Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) has recently commenced at RAAF Base East Sale. The SAF pilot program marks a significant milestone in Defence’s ongoing efforts to increase energy resilience and adopt climate mitigation strategies, as

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Our Goal Is to Produce 5 MMT of Green Hydrogen Annually by 2030: PM Modi

(Economic Times/MSN) Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated and addressed the India Energy Week 2025 on Tuesday, outlining India's ambitious energy roadmap and asserting that the next two decades will be crucial for the country's growth. The Prime Minister said, "The coming

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Low-Carbon Intensity Marine Fuels: The Nexant ECA View

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This is an overview from NexantECA, an energy and chemicals advisory company, outlining their services and expertise in the field of low-carbon intensity (LCI) marine fuels. The presentation deck highlights the company’s deep understanding of the

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Honeywell and AM Green Collaborate to Advance Carbon Capture and Sustainable Aviation Fuel in India

(Honeywell) Collaboration seeks efficient ways to decarbonize aviation and shipping sectors and will help position India as a global leader in alternative fuel production --  Honeywell (NASDAQ: HON) and AM Green today signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) during India Energy Week 2025 to

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Aviation Outfits Want Sustainable Fuel Levy to Compete against Gulf Airlines

by Bárbara Machado (Euractiv)  New sustainable fuel rules unfairly penalise European airlines, the French and German aviation associations say. -- The German and French aviation associations have called on the European Commission to act immediately against the “competitive distortions” caused by new sustainable

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EU Finalizes Antidumping Duties on Biofuels, Starts Tracking SAF Imports

by Thomas Washington, Kelly Norways, and Harry Clyne (S&P Global)  Final tariffs are slightly lower than provisional ones; Concerns that SAF and tariff-liable HVO are too interchangeable -- The European Commission has finalized antidumping duties on Chinese imports of biodiesel and

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EPA Says Spending Halt for Climate, Infrastructure Law Programs Is Different from Trump Freeze

by Alex Guillén  (Politico Pro)  The new spending pause applied to more than two dozen EPA climate and infrastructure programs is separate from President Donald Trump’s broader spending freeze that has been blocked by the courts, according to the agency. Those programs, which

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Carbon Credit Buyers Need Options — Including Avoidance and Reductions

by Margaret Morales (Trellis)  Why carbon removals aren’t always better. -- ... The shift toward removals has led some companies away from projects that avoid or reduce global emissions — for example, by keeping the planet’s existing forests standing, providing clean cooking stoves

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Adoption of EU Rules on the ETS Support System to Accelerate the Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(European Commission)  On 6 February 2025, the Commission adopted a Delegated Regulation setting out the EU rules for the support system established and financed by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), to speed up the use of sustainable aviation fuels.  The European Climate Law sets

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Bipartisan Bill Promoting SAF Heard in Washington State Senate Committee

(Washington Senate Democrats/Biobased Diesel Daily)  ... To keep Washington moving toward a cleaner future, Sen. Marko Liias, D-Edmonds, is sponsoring bipartisan legislation to advance the state’s production and use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Senate Bill 5601, which was heard in the

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Policy 2025 Deep Intelligence

(Biofuels Digest) The definitive, Digest AI-powered, 7,000 word guide to the WHAT and WHEN of POLICY in 2025. Who's aligned? What adjustments are needed by whom?. Included in this download: The Last 40 Days in Policy – Key Movements Agencies and activities today United States

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UK to Offer Additional SAF Project Funding, Responds to Public Consultation on SAF Subsidies

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.K. Department for Transport on Jan. 29 announced it will investment £63 million ($78.35 million) over the next year under its Advanced Fuels Fund to support sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) producers. The agency

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Let Green Gas Count: 144 Companies and Associations Globally Call for Clarity on the Role of Market Instruments for Renewable Gases in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol

(European Biogas Association)   Following the withdrawal of guidance on the use of biomethane certificates in the GHG Protocol, over 144 companies and trade associations from around the world have issued a public joint letter to the governance bodies of the GHG

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SSE Commits to Delivering Next Generation of Power at Historic Tarbert Site

(SSE Thermal)  SSE Thermal, part of the integrated energy group SSE plc, has taken a final investment decision to build Tarbert Next Generation Power Station – opening a new chapter in the site’s proud energy story.  The 300MW plant in County Kerry

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Signature of a Term Sheet to Combine Two Technologies and Bring SAF Production to the Next Level

(Global Bioenergies)  Global Bioenergies has signed a term sheet with a large international industrialist (undisclosed) to co-develop a process leading to Sustainable Aviation Fuels (“SAF”) at a reduced cost and an improved CO2 reduction. This process will rely on the combination of

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Enviros Urge Lawmakers to Repeal Top CCS Incentive: The 45Q Tax Credit Is Being Debated as Congress Embarks on a Budget Reconciliation Process.

by  Carlos Anchondo (Politico Pro Energywire)  More than 200 environmental and community groups are asking Congress to abolish the carbon capture industry’s main tax incentive, countering industry calls to safeguard it. In a letter led by Food & Water Watch, the coalition called for

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DNV: IMO to Review Circular on Bunker Tankers Carrying Biofuel Blends up to B30

(Manifold Times) IMO PPR12 finalised an interim circular allowing conventional bunker ships certified as oil tankers under MARPOL Annex I to carry biofuel blends containing up to 30% biofuel; circular is subject to approval by MEPC 83 in April. Classification society DNV

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DOE's Carbon Dioxide Removal: Purpose, Approaches, and Recommendations Draft Report for Public Comment DEADLINE April 1, 2025

(U.S. Department of Energy) As part of the Energy Act of 2020 (P.L 116-260, 42 USC 16298e), Congress directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to deliver a report on carbon dioxide removal (CDR). To inform this report, DOE organized an Interagency

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Evolgene Evolutionizes 2G Ethanol Production with a New and Disruptive Technology for SAF Generation

(el Economista)  The company led by Raúl Pérez Jiménez and Xabi García Roldán has thus completed 11 years of research and has set itself the goal of developing, in consortium with companies from the energy sector, a set of refineries by

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Farmers on the Hook for Millions after Trump Freezes USDA Funds

by Daniel Wu, Gaya Gupta and Anumita Kaur (Washington Post)   Farmers report missing millions of dollars of funding they were promised by the U.S. Agriculture Department, despite promises from the Trump administration that a federal funding freeze would not apply

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Advancing Carbon Capture a Priority for EPW Leaders: The Environment and Public Works Committee Is Focusing on Carbon Capture for Its First Policy Hearing of the Year.

By Carlos Anchondo and Kelsey Brugger (Politico Pro E&E Daily)  The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee will hold a hearing Wednesday (February 12, 2025) aimed at boosting carbon capture, utilization and storage projects, long an area of bipartisan agreement. It will be

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Inside the House GOP Clash over Tax Cuts

By Benjamin Guggenheim and Meredith Lee Hill (Politico)  Prominent House Republicans are privately warring over how to advance tax cuts that are expiring and President Donald Trump’s long list of other tax demands — with Budget Chair Jodey Arrington and deficit hard-liner Rep. Chip

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Trump Talks Ethanol with Japan

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  President Trump wants to supply Japan with U.S. ethanol.  During a press conference with Trump, Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said his country is interested in importing … “bioethanol, ammonia and other resources” which could help reduce the

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Terviva

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation deck highlights Terviva’s efforts to use the pongamia tree as a sustainable biofuel feedstock. Terviva argues that pongamia is uniquely suited to a climate-changing world, as it’s a low-carbon, scalable, and cost-competitive crop with

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Lawmakers Press Zeldin on RFS Volumes 28 Members of Congress Call on EPA's Zeldin to Get RFS Back on Track

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)   As the Trump administration continues to reshape federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, a bipartisan group of 28 federal lawmakers is pressing new EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin to get the Renewable Fuel Standard

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Six Iowa Bills Would Tackle Carbon Capture Pipelines, Iowa Utilities Commission

by Stephen Gruber-Miller (Des Moines Register)  Iowa House lawmakers have filed six bills to regulate the Iowa Utilities Commission and place new limits on carbon capture pipelines and eminent domain, the latest step in a multi-year battle against a project by Summit

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Senators Question USTR Nominee on Biofuels Trade

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  Biofuels and ethanol, particularly in relation to Brazilian tariffs, were a topic of discussion during Thursday’s Senate Finance Committee hearing for the nomination of Jamieson Greer as the United States Trade Representative (USTR). Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and

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Support for Green Energy: All PIS Domestic Vessels Use B40!

(Pertamina)  Pertamina International Shipping (PIS) has demonstrated its commitment to supporting the government’s program by using B40 fuel for shipping transportation. A total of 189 vessels operated by PIS for national energy distribution have been using this biodiesel fuel since January

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Where Trump Officials Stand on RNG; Plus News from WM, Chevron and More

by Jacob Wallace (Waste Dive)   Newly confirmed agency heads like Energy Secretary Chris Wright have committed to working with Congress on biofuels, though some supportive federal programs may be at risk. ,,, (U.S. Department of Energy Secretary Chris) Wright will be tasked

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Monitoring the Deployment of Advanced Biofuel Demonstration Facilities

(IEA Bioenergy) Decarbonizing the transport sector is critical for achieving global climate and energy targets due to its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Biofuels, in particular advanced biofuels, play a particularly important role in decarbonizing transport

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Clean Energy Technology Observatory, Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin in the European Union

(European Union)  Status report on technology development, trends, value chains and markets : 2024  --  This report investigates the status and trend of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO), except hydrogen, which are needed to cover part of the EU’s demand for

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Biofuels Groups Weigh Trump Effects: Biofuels Policy Questions Left Open at Beginning of Second Trump Administration

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  As the Trump administration appears to be moving at light speed to implement its agenda, biofuels industry officials said on Tuesday they still are trying to get a read on how a U.S. Environmental Protection

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Study Looks at if US Farmland Is Better Used for Corn Ethanol or Solar Power

by Jack Aylmer, Michael Edwards   and Mohammed Ali (Straight Arrow News)  • A significant portion of U.S. farmland is used to grow corn for ethanol. ... This has led to research exploring whether the farmland used for corn-based ethanol would be better served as a

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Indonesia Targets 2.3m Hectares of Protected Forests for Food & Biofuel Crop Production

by Hans Nicholas Jong  (Mongabay) Indonesia has identified 2.3 million hectares (5.7 million acres) of protected forest that could be converted into “food and energy estates,” which could result in the country’s largest-ever deforestation project.  This is part of a plan to convert

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BASF Says Climate-Smart Biofuels Have Longevity

by Nicole Heslip (Brownfield Ag News)  A sustainability market development manager is bullish on decarbonization efforts continuing long into the future. Chad Asmus with BASF tells Brownfield 45Z tax credits allow farmers to be rewarded for their climate-smart efforts. “Low carbon intensity biofuels

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Ethanol Demand Destruction 2.0?

by Scott Irwin (farmdoc daily) In a farmdoc daily article last week (January 29, 2025), we examined a range of alternative scenarios for setting the 2026 mandates under the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).  In two of the scenarios, the conventional mandate was

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ITA: Renewable Energy and Energy Efficicency Advisory Committee Meeting --- February 12, 2025 --- Washington, DC and ONLINE includes Public Comment Opportunity POSTPONED

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Commerce’s International Trade Administration has announced the Renewable Energy and Energy Advisory Committee will hold a meeting Feb. 12 in Washington, D.C. The event will also be streamed online.  REEEAC is an

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Lifecycle Renewables Partners with East Coast to Distribute Truburn Renewable Heating Oil in New York City

(Lifecycle Renewables/PR Newswire) New distribution agreement enables NYC building owners to receive deliveries of 100% renewable biofuel that is Local Law 97 compliant --  Lifecycle Renewables, the creator of Truburn, a renewable heating oil that reduces greenhouse emissions by over 86 percent, today announced

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Summit Carbon Solutions and Infinium Partner to Advance eFuels Production and Energy Independence in the Midwest

(Summit Carbon Solutions) Summit Carbon Solutions (Summit) and Infinium, a leading electrofuels (eFuels) producer, have entered an arrangement for the supply of up to 670,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually at a proposed eFuels facility in North Dakota or

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Low Carbon Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation deck is a report by NexantECA, a consulting firm with extensive experience in the energy and chemicals sectors. The report focuses on the evolving landscape of low-carbon hydrogen, a critical component of the transition

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‘No More Iowa Nice’: Biofuels Leaders Push for Year-Round E15

by Cami Koons (Iowa Capital Dispatch)  Monte Shaw, executive director of Iowa Renewable Fuels Association urged industry leaders and farmers at the association’s summit Tuesday to pursue expanding markets and to be wary of “looking in the rearview mirror.”   Leaders in ethanol,

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Biofuels Could Be Placed on Market from 2026

(IPN Press Agency) Suppliers of petroleum products from January 1, 2026 could place on the market fuels that also contain renewable products. The Cabinet approved new regulations in this regard, IPN reports. The document sets emission reduction targets of 50% to 80%,

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IMO PPR 12: Bunker Ships Set to Carry Higher Percentage of Biofuel Blends under New Rules

by Sara Kosmajac (Offshore Energy) Following the IMO Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR 12) session, bunker ships certified as oil tankers are set to be permitted to carry biofuel blends containing up to 30% biofuel. -- As informed, the PPR

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Another Intense Year for Waste-Based and Advanced Biofuels Regulation

(Biofuels International) Angel Alvarez Alberdi, EWABA’s Secretary General, outlines what he thinks will be the main biofuel trends in the year ahead. This year will be a particularly consequential year for the waste-based and advanced biofuels industry, if there ever was

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Biosolids to SAF Is the Future

(Biofuels International) Kip Cleverley, Chief Sustainability Officer, Synagro Technologies and James Hygate OBE, Chief Executive Officer, Firefly Green Fuels describe in detail how they think the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) market will fare this year. The future for the sustainable aviation fuel

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Government Considers Reinstating Tax Exemption on ISP for Green Hydrogen and Biomethane

by Barbara Silva (Journal de Negocios (Google Translation)) The Minister of Environment and Energy, Graça Carvalho, made it clear that "the Government is available to [...] maintain the tax incentive for renewable gases", while the Secretary of Tax Affairs said that

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Moeve Supplies Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) to Norwegian

(Moeve) Norwegian and Moeve commit to promoting the development of sustainable aviation fuel with the signing of a supply contract; Moeve produces SAF at its La Rábida Energy Park (Huelva) from used cooking oils. The company already supplies SAF at Spain’s main

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4AIR Announces ForeFlight Integration for Simplified Regulatory Compliance

(4AIR/PR Newswire) New integration between 4AIR and ForeFlight allows easier compliance with new regulatory programs like the non-CO2 MRV and ReFuelEU for aircraft operators; Integration supports automated monitoring and reporting, reducing the compliance burden; Integration free to any existing customer of ForeFlight 4AIR, the global leader in business

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BP puts $1b Kwinana Hydrogen and Clean Fuel Projects on Ice

by Peter Milne (Boiling Cold) The two projects will be "recycled" amid BP's concerns about costs and government policy. -- UK oil and gas producer BP has put on ice plans for two clean fuel projects worth about $1 billion at its

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Strategic Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation deck for Strategic Fuels outlines a proposed project for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from forestry waste in Louisiana, with a focus on achieving an “ultra-negative carbon footprint.” The project aims to utilize forestry

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European Aviation Industry Calls for Policy Action to Boost SAF Production

by André Orban (Aviation24.be) Europe’s aviation sector has urged EU policymakers to adopt seven key measures to accelerate Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production and avoid reliance on imports. -- A new report by ICF, commissioned by six industry bodies(*), warns that current SAF

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VINCI Airports Ready to Launch Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) at Budapest Airport

(VINCI Airports) Budapest airport, part of the VINCI Airports network since June 2024, has successfully passed the audit criteria for the introduction of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) through its subsidiary, Airport Fuel Supply Ltd. This achievement addresses one of today's biggest

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What Happens if the US Doesn’t Lead on SAF? ‘Other Countries Will,’ Experts Warn

by Jon Adamy (Farm News Media/ Michigan Farm News) According to a 2023 report, emission levels from the production, dissemination, transportation, and combustion of sustainable jet fuels are roughly 75% lower than those from fossil jet fuels. -- Farm and fuel groups agree:

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Farm Futures: Biofuels Face Uncertainty after Record Year

by Bruce Blythe (Farm Progress) Ethanol exports hit new highs and soy oil use for biofuels reached record levels in 2024. Farmers now eye red flags amid changing demand patterns and policy uncertainty. --- After a blockbuster 2024 for U.S. biofuels, the

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Biofuel, Bioenergy Groups Urge Continued Support for 45Q Tax Credit

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Representatives of the U.S. biofuels and bioenergy industries are among more than 160 companies, trade groups, labor unions and policy organizations that are calling on federal lawmakers to maintain support for the 45Q tax credit.  The

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Valero Reports Profitable Q4 for Renewables, Sells First Volumes of SAF

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Valero Energy Corp. on Jan. 30 released fourth quarter financial results, reporting that both its ethanol and renewable diesel segments were profitable during the period. The company also announced that its sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)

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Farmers Left in Dark as USDA Withholds Climate Project Payments

by Philip Brasher and Noah Wicks (Agri-Pulse) The incoming Trump administration has stopped payments to at least one major climate-smart commodities project, raising questions about whether farmers across the country will be reimbursed for practices they implemented under the $3 billion

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EU Invests over €1.2 Billion in Cross-Border Infrastructure Contributing to Build our Energy Union and to Boost Competitiveness

(European Commission) The Commission will allocate almost €1.25 billion in grants from the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) to 41 cross-border energy infrastructure projects, which have obtained the status of Projects of Common Interest and Projects of Mutual Interest (PCIs and PMIs) in 2024 under the Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) policy framework. This is

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Transformative Moments: Biofuels Policy and Trade Are Global Gamechangers

by Marcy Eckelkamp (AgWeb) When Susan Stroud talks with farmers, she focuses on a readiness for change. “We need to embrace it instead of be so resistant because we’re constantly seeing changes we go through,” she says. In her regular commentary for

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Nitin Gadkari to Discuss with Oil Companies to Make Ethanol Rates Reasonable

(DD News) Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari, on Thursday said that he will hold a meeting with oil marketing companies (OMCs) after the Delhi elections to discuss bringing ethanol retail prices to a reasonable level. “On February 6

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Increasing Demand for Ethanol: Ships, Planes, Trains–Have We Forgotten about the Automobile?

Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/South Dakota Farmers Union)  There is an old saying usually attributed to politicians that isn’t exactly the king’s English, but the message is clear: “Dance With the One That Brung Ya” – meaning stay with what

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Stockholm Exergi Awarded $1.8 Billion by Sweden for Bio-energy Carbon Removal and Storage Project

by Mark Segal (ESG Today) Swedish energy company Stockholm Exergi announced today (January f27, 2025) that it has been awarded support for bio-CCS, a technology that captures biogenic carbon dioxide before it reaches the atmosphere, through a reverse auction by the

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Repsol Will Invest More than €800 Million in the Tarragona Ecoplant, a Pioneering Project in Europe to Produce Renewable Methanol

(Repsol)  • Repsol has approved a historic investment in the Spanish region of Catalonia to build the first plant in Europe to transform urban waste into renewable methanol - a fuel that will help decarbonize transport - as well as circular

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Lootah Biofuels Launches Smart App to Expand UCO Collection Network in Converting Waste into Clean Energy

(Lootah Biofuels/Zawya) The move will divert disposal of UCO to the ground and sewerage -- Lootah Biofuels, a pioneer in the circular economy through the production of biofuel from used cooking oil, has launched its smart app (Lootah Biofuels) for both Android and iOS platforms with an aim

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Small Refineries Sue Challenging Renewable Fuel Exemption Orders

by Shayna Greene (Bloomberg Law) One refinery sued before over delay, prior denial; Both refineries are now challenging denials for 2023  --  Wynnewood Refining Co. and Calumet Shreveport Refining LLC filed separate suits challenging the Environmental Protection Agency’s denials of their requests seeking small

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USDA Ordered to Scrub Climate Change from Websites

by Zack Coleman and Marcia Brown (Politico Pro Greenwire) The directive could affect information across dozens of programs including climate-smart agriculture initiatives. -- Agriculture Department employees have been ordered to delete landing pages discussing climate change across agency websites and document climate

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Oil Prices Gain as Trump Tariffs Stoke Supply Worries

by Arunima Kumar (Reuters) Brent climbs 2%, WTI up 3%; U.S. to tax oil imports from Canada at 10%; Mexican energy imports to U.S. face 25% charge; Canada, Mexico supply a quarter of crude processed by US refineries, says EIA; OPEC+ unlikely to alter plans

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Spain to Give €400mn to EU Hydrogen Bank Auction Losers

by Jonathan Gleave (Argus Media)  Spain plans to distribute €400mn ($417mn) among renewable hydrogen projects that met the criteria to compete in the EU's pilot Hydrogen Bank auction in 2024 but whose bids were too high to be selected for subsidies. The

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Germany: INERATEC's e-Fuel Demo Plant in Frankfurt Gets €70 Million from EIB, EU-Commission and Breakthrough Energy

(European Investment Bank) • The Capital injection will finance development of Europe’s first large-scale e-Fuel plant in Frankfurt and further research and development of INERATEC`s e-Fuels. INERATEC`s e-fuels will support compliance with EU regulation requirements to add synthetic aviation fuel to kerosene to

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EIB Group Invests a Record €9.6 Billion for Growth, Innovation and Climate Action in Germany

(European Investment Bank)   • In 2024, the EIB Group raised its financing volume in Germany to €9.6 billion to further increase competitiveness. It focused on investments in industry, such as the pharmaceutical sector, fibre optics and automotive suppliers. Other key areas remain start-ups with innovative

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ABLC Connect: The State of Liquid Fuels/The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Liquid Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This presentation from the ABLC Connect series on Digest TV analyzes the US liquid fuels market, focusing on prices, supply, and demand of various biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel.  It examines the impact of clean fuel standards

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Accelerating SAF Adoption: A European Airline Perspective

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This presentation deck, “Accelerating SAF Adoption: A European Airline Perspective,” argues that International Airlines Group (IAG), one of Europe’s largest airline groups, is a leading force in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) adoption. The presentation deck highlights

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IATA Releases SAF Accounting and Reporting Methodology

(International Air Transport Association) The International Air Transport Association (IATA) released its methodology for accounting and reporting the emissions reduction associated with the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by airlines. SAF is an essential component of airline plans to achieve net zero carbon

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New Study Shows that Only Targeted Subsidy for e-Fuels Coupled with a GHG Levy Would Ensure e-Fuel Early Adoption

(UMAS)   A high GHG price in combination with targeted e-fuel subsidies are the key policy components that can close the competitiveness gap between scalable zero emission fuels (e.g. e-fuels such as green ammonia) and other early compliance options such as LNG,

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Senate Confirms Burgum as Interior Secretary

by Ben Lefebvre (Politico)  The Senate easily confirmed Doug Burgum as secretary of the Interior Department Thursday, a job that positions him to act on President Donald Trump’s energy strategy. The 79-18 vote makes the wealthy former North Dakota governor the official

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Montana Renewables Announces Timing Update for DOE Loan Facility

(Calumet/PR Newswire)  Calumet, Inc. (NASDAQ: CLMT) ("Calumet," the "Company," "we," "our" or "us") has been informed by the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") Loan Programs Office ("LPO") that the first tranche of approximately $782 million under the guaranteed loan facility that was previously approved

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of SAF

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This 2021 report from The Digest and its ABLC CONNECT series  assesses the state of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel, highlighting both positive (“tailwinds”) and negative (“headwinds”) factors affecting its growth. Tailwinds include increasing

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PPR 12: Shipping Nations Must Switch to Cleaner Fuels to Cut Black Carbon Pollution

(Clean Arctic Alliance)   As a meeting of the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Pollution Prevention and Response sub-committee (PPR 12, 27-31 January) gets underway next week in London, the Clean Arctic Alliance called for the international shipping body to reduce the impact

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Existing Ships and Those on Order Would Produce Twice the Emissions Required under a 1.5°C-Aligned Carbon Budget

by nrehmatulla (UCL Shipping and Oceans Research Group)  A rapid transition could lead to "premature scrapping" of over a third of the fleet, valued at over 400bn USD, unless they undergo costly retrofits to remain competitive in the wake of new GHG

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Looking at Ethanol’s Lifecycle Emissions from ‘From Well to Wheels’

by Alex Gray (Successful Farming)  ... For this story, we set out to directly compare the life cycle of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions — from well to wheels — of ethanol and gasoline, and how carbon pipelines factor into the future

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North Dakota Legislation Aims to Help Ethanol Producers Lower Their CI Scores

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  A bill introduced in the North Dakota Senate aims to create a low-carbon fuels fund that would help the state’s ethanol producers lower the carbon intensity (CI) of the fuel they produce, increasing local demand

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US Moves to Repeal Biden Administration Vehicle Fuel Economy Standards

by David Shepardson (Reuters)  New U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy signed an order on Tuesday directing U.S. regulators to rescind landmark fuel economy standards issued under President Joe Biden that aimed to drastically reduce fuel use for cars and trucks. In a

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Lee Zeldin Confirmed to Lead Trump's Environmental Protection Agency

by Aubrie Spady (Fox News)  The Senate voted Wednesday afternoon to confirm Zeldin to lead the Environmental Protection Agency -- The Senate voted on Wednesday to confirm former Rep. Lee Zeldin to head the government's leading agency on environmental rules and regulations. President Donald Trump tapped Zeldin,

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Trump White House Rescinds Freeze on Federal Grants, Reversing Course

(Washington Post)  The budget office came under immense pressure over the impacts of a sudden pause in key government spending. -- The White House budget office on Wednesday rescinded an order freezing federal grants, according to a copy of a memo obtained

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EFT Awareded Sub-Contract in Support of Sea Dragon Energy's Contract with the Office of Naval Research to Demonstrate CO2 from Seawater into Sustainable Aviation eFuels

(Emerging Fuels Technology/CISION) EFT awarded subcontract to support Sea Dragon Energy to develop technology for converting seawater CO₂ into Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) under a $19.2M ONR project.  --  Emerging Fuels Technology, Inc. (EFT) announced today that it has been awarded a subcontract to

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Lydian Announces Successful Demonstration of Novel Sustainable Aviation Fuel Technology

(Lydian/PR Newswire)  Company also received DARPA award to develop prototype technology for defense applications - Lydian, the electric fuels company, today (January 27, 2025) announced the successful pilot demonstration of its technology for producing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for commercial and defense

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Kansas Corn, Sorghum Farmers and Ethanol Refiners Want $5 Million Tax Break to Aid E15 Sales

by Tim Carpenter (Kansas Reflector/News Break)  Rep. Ken Rahjes, an Agra Republican and chairman of the (Kansas) House Agriculture and Natural Resources Committee, asked House colleagues to embrace a $5 million annual income tax incentive to increase availability of E15 made

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The Digest's 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF Production Routes and Market Outlook

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The presentation from NEXANT ECA’s Steve Slome examines four main pathways for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (G-FT), and Power-to-Liquid (PTL). Each method’s advantages, disadvantages, and potential

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Biofuels M&A: 2024 Review & Outlook: Boosted by Exports, Ethanol M&A Stars in Tangled Biofuels Market

by Bruce Comer, Frank Kim, Zak Putlak, and John Panvica (Ocean Park/Biofuels Digest) In a biofuels sector grappling with policy uncertainty and a new federal administration, there were promising capital investments and above average ethanol M&A volume, driven by export growth

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Ohio Seeks E15 Delay From Trump EPA

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  Ohio Governor Seeks Delay in Year-Round E15 Implementation, Cites Petroleum Concerns -- Ohio Republican Governor Mike DeWine has asked the Trump administration to delay the implementation of year-round E15 in the state to 2026, citing concerns

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Republican Floats Repeal of 45Z Clean Fuel Credit

by Cole Martin (Argus Media)  A Republican lawmaker has quietly introduced a bill to repeal a key subsidy for low-carbon fuels, complicating a debate among lawmakers on what to do with clean energy incentives provided by the Inflation Reduction Act. The bill,

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White House Pauses All Federal Grants, Sparking Confusion

by Jeff Stein, Jacob Bogage and Emily Davies (Washington Post) Trillions of dollars could be on hold, according to an Office of Management and Budget memo. -- The White House budget office is ordering a pause to all grants and loans disbursed

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Lawmakers Urged to Protect Key CCS Incentive

by Carlos Anchando (Politico Pro Energywire) Supporters of carbon capture composed a letter defending the 45Q tax credit. --   More than 160 companies, power providers and other carbon capture backers pressed congressional leaders to defend one of the sector’s preeminent incentives amid

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Johnson Matthey Technology Selected for One of the Largest Planned e-Methanol Plants in Europe

(Johnson Matthey)  Reolum project represents the fifth win contributing to JM’s strategic milestone of 20 sustainable technologies project wins by the end of 2025/2; JM has won 15 major energy transition projects since 1st April 2022; Johnson Matthey’s (JM) e-methanol technology has been

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Agri-Pulse Open Mic: Paul Bertels, Senior Consultant, Farmgate Insights

(Agri-Pulse)  This week’s Open Mic guest is Paul Bertels, Principal and Senior Consultant for Farmgate Insights. Much attention is given to the potential demand for billions of bushels of row crops should they be included as acceptable feedstocks for sustainable aviation

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Government Ban on Eminent Domain for Carbon Capture Pipelines Makes It out of SD Committee

by Joshua Haiar (South Dakota Searchlight)  South Dakota lawmakers endorsed a bill 10-3 on Friday in Pierre that would prohibit the use of eminent domain for carbon dioxide pipelines. The vote occurred in a Capitol committee room packed with people interested in the issue.

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Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance 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Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae 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RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum price sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar 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training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) UCOME (Used 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