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EU Invests EUR 4.8B of ETS Revenues in 85 Projects

(Bioenergy International)  The European Commission has selected 85 innovative net-zero projects to receive EUR 4.8 billion in grants from the Innovation Fund, helping to put cutting-edge clean technologies into action across Europe. The 2023 call for proposals of the Innovation Fund attracted

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Fiat Is Selling Hybrids that Run on Ethanol

by Adrian Padeanu (Motor 1) ... The Stellantis brand calls it a “bio-hybrid” technology that revolves around a turbocharged 1.0-liter engine. This three-cylinder mill runs on gasoline and ethanol while being supplemented by an electric motor. The combustion engine is good for

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CALL FOR PAPERS SUM 2025 - 8th Multidisciplinary Symposium on Circular Economy and Urban Mining --- May 21-23, 2025 --- Procida (Naples), Italy DEADLINE March 10, 2025

SUM Symposium has become a multidisciplinary annual event. The main aim of this decision is to promote a more continuous interaction (discussion, collaboration, exchange of experiences, etc.) between different disciplines with the full scientific engagement of intra-, cross-, multi-, inter-, and

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EU Climate Chief Holds Firm on CO2 Deadlines for Cars

by Kate Abnett (Reuters) The European Union's climate commissioner on Thursday reaffirmed EU plans to end sales of CO2-emitting cars in 2035 and tighten CO2 limits next year, after pressure from some governments and carmakers to reconsider the policies. The EU has

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SUM 2025 - 8th Multidisciplinary Symposium on Circular Economy and Urban Mining --- May 21-23, 2025 --- Procida (Naples), Italy

Considering the intense and rapid development of topics and issues related to Circular Economy, observing the growing need for a multidisciplinary approach and ascertaining that the voice of the scientific community should influence more heavily the political decisions regarding Circular

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Leveraging on Its Proprietary Technologies NEXTCHEM Signs an Agreement with KazMunaiGas-Aero to Cooperate in the Development of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in Kazakhstan

(Group Maire) During the Forum Kazakhstan-Italy being held in Milan from 7 to 9 October, NEXTCHEM and KazMunayGas-Aero (KMG AERO) have signed an agreement to collaborate on advancing energy transition initiatives, leveraging on NEXTCHEM’s proprietary technology portfolio and process engineering capabilities. These initiatives aim at contributing to

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Asahi Kasei Enters Collaboration with De Nora for Development and Sale of Small-Scale Containerized Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Production

(Asahi Kasei)  The Japanese technology company Asahi Kasei has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with De Nora, an Italian multinational company, leader in sustainable technologies, and a manufacturer of electrolyzer cells, small scale electrolyzers, and other components for the production

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Boeing Invests in Australian Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(Boeing)  Investment supports development of Wagner Sustainable Fuels refinery to advance SAF production in Australia; - Expands Boeing-Wagner partnership announced earlier this year -- Boeing [NYSE: BA] has become an early investor in Wagner Sustainable Fuels to support the development of its sustainable

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Only 1 Oxidation Stabilizer for Biodiesel Passes AGQM’s No-Harm Test this Year

(AGQM/Biobased Diesel Daily)  After passing all the demanding tests, an oxidation stabilizer from the Italian chemical company Chimec was placed on the no-harm list of the German biodiesel quality management association (AGQM), thus expanding the range of tested and suitable additives

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NEXTCHEM (MAIRE) Awarded by Sarlux Licensing, Engineering Services, Proprietary Equipment and Catalyst Supply to Integrate its NX CPO™ Technology in a SAF Pilot Plant

(Group MAIRE) Following the completion of the engineering design study announced in December 2023, NextChem Tech will act as technology integrator for a Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) pilot plant to be implemented in Saras’ facility in Sarroch (Sardinia); NextChem Tech will provide

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Poste Italiane Fleet Will Run on Enilive Biofuels

(Eni)  Signing of an important collaboration agreement for the supply of biofuels for ground vehicles and aircraft; Aimed at accelerating the path towards energy transition and carbon neutrality goals  --  Poste Italiane's ground and air fleet will run on biofuels supplied by

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Copyrolysis of Olive Pomace and Plastics Reduces Energy and Polluting Emissions in Bioenergy Production

(University of Córdoba) The combined thermal degradation of olive pomace and plastic waste by pyrolysis increases the effectiveness of the process and generates new value-added products, such as biofuels, according to a study by the University of Córdoba ... Through recovery processes new

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Eni: 2024 Rubber Seed Harvesting Campaign Starts to Produce Vegetable Oil for Biorefineries

(Eni)  Eni announces the start of the 2024 rubber seed harvesting campaign involving thousands of small-scale producers in Côte d'Ivoire. The non-food oil produced will be sent to Enilive biorefineries for the production of biofuels that can contribute to the decarbonization

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Thought for the Week: If Italy Can Do It, Why Not Greyhound? And Other Bus Issues. Why Not 100% Renewable Fuel? Why Not Now?

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Did You Know? Buses can run on 100% renewable fuel.  Just ask Itabus in Italy.  Itabus travels with Enilive’s biofuel, 100% made from renewable raw materials  They will be using 100% renewable diesel/HVO or hydrotreated

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Itabus Travels with Enilive’s Biofuel, 100% Made from Renewable Raw Materials

(Eni) Itabus, an Italian transport company, is now using Enilive's HVOlution diesel biofuel to power its fleet of next-generation buses.   The new agreement strengthens the collaboration between Enilive, Eni’s company focused on mobility products and services, and Itabus, a long-distance coach

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Petronas, Enilive, Euglena to Set Up JV for $1.3 Billion Malaysia Biofuel Project -- 2024 Update

by Kosaku Narioka Market Screener) Malaysia's state-owned oil company is teaming up with a unit of Italian energy giant Eni and a Japanese biotech startup to develop a $1.3 billion biofuel plant in the Southeast Asian country. Petronas, Enilive and Euglena plan to

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Eni in Talks to Sell Minority Stake in Biofuels Unit to KKR

(Renewables Now) Italian oil and gas major Eni SpA (BIT:ENI) has inked a temporary exclusivity agreement on the sale of a minority stake in its biofuels subsidiary Enilive to US private equity firm KKR & Co Inc (NYSE:KKR). The parties are negotiating

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to the State of Green Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In this presentation, we explored the challenges faced by global hydrogen producers in shifting towards low carbon hydrogen — new technologies for green hydrogen, new carbon capture opportunities to make blue hydrogen, and much more, including

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IVECO and the CNR Present a New Study on the Environmental Impacts of cCompressed Biomethane for the Decarbonisation of the Sector

(IVECO) An analysis by the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in partnership with IVECO confirms bio-CNG as the optimal solution for waste collection – the perfect example of “well-to-wheel” circular economy. -- IVECO, established leader in the alternative traction sector, has promoted

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Stellantis to Expand Hybrid Vehicle Line to Meet Growing Demand

(Reuters)  Stellantis (STLAM.MI) said on Tuesday it would expand its line of affordable hybrid vehicles to 36 models in Europe by 2026, to meet growing demand for this engine type, an alternative to petrol-fuelled cars and electric vehicles. The American-French-Italian automaker, created from

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2024 European Biomethane Map Shows 37% Increase in EU RNG Capacity

(Bioenergy International) Europe has reached an installed capacity of 6.4 billion cubic meters (bcm) of biomethane per year, according to figures in the 2024 European Biomethane Map. Of this capacity, 81 percent corresponds to plants located in the European Union (5.2

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RENMAD Biomethane Italia 2024 --- November 20-21, 2024 --- Bologna, Italy

Learn how to develop and operate biomethane projects efficiently and profitably  --  Biomethane, a refined version of biogas and sustainable alternative to methane, represents a promising renewable energy source for the country to adress the climate crisis. Join RENMAD Biometano Italia 2024,

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KPI Signs Partnership Agreement with Italy’s Fox Petroli to Produce Biofuels

(Arab Times) Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI) announced on Wednesday completing the agreement to acquire a 50 percent stake in Italy’s Eco Fox SRL, a company wholly owned by Fox Petroli, which specializes in the production of biofuels. In a statement to

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Rice Straw Researcher Bags 2024 GBEP Youth Award

by Alan Sherrard (Bioenergy International) In Rome, Italy, Czaneil Gomez an Aston University, UK visiting researcher from the University of the Philippines Los Baños and Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) has been announced as

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Gasification 2025 --- March 19-20, 2025 --- Bologna, Italy

This event gathers industry leaders, innovators, and stakeholders to explore market dynamics, feedstock utilisation, and syngas production. Key topics include Dimethyl Ether (DME) utilisation, investment opportunities, mobility sector advancements, industrial applications, and technical solutions. We’ll also discuss policy frameworks, environmental considerations,

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Supported by NEXTCHEM, KT Awarded a USD 400 Million Project for an HVO Complex to Produce High Quality Renewable Diesel and Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Germany

(Maire) The complex, located inside the HOLBORN refinery in Hamburg, is expected to be operational in early 2027 and will produce 220,000 tons per year of high-quality renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from waste and residues; The project will leverage both KT's execution and NEXTCHEM's

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Did Gasoline Win the European Election?

by Arianna Skibell (Politico's Power Switch)  The stunning results from the European election hammered home one reality for leaders on both sides of the Atlantic: People don’t like you messing with their cars. The EU’s plan to ban the sale of internal-combustion-engine vehicles by

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Blue Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) If designed cars are a thing, why can’t designer hydrogen be a thing? So asks Terry Mazanec of LEC Partners in this ABLC 2024 presentation. He notes that clean hydrogen represents just 0.7 percent of global

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ACWA Power and Tunisian Government Sign MOU for Major Green Hydrogen Project

(ACWA Power)  - ACWA Power to explore the development of major green hydrogen project with a first phase of a capacity of 200,000 tonnes per year powered by 4GW of renewable energy.   - Tunisia is envisioned as a central node for green hydrogen

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CALL FOR PAPERS Venice 2024 – 10th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste --- November 25-27, 2024 --- Venice, Italy NEW DEADLINE September 13, 2024

The production of energy from alternative sources and its impact on climate change are among the main strategic tools implicated in the sustainable development of society, particularly in this period where geopolitics and dependence on energy have become such an important issue. Numerous

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Venice 2024 – 10th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste --- November 25-27, 2024 --- Venice, Italy

The production of energy from alternative sources and its impact on climate change are among the main strategic tools implicated in the sustainable development of society, particularly in this period where geopolitics and dependence on energy have become such an important issue. Numerous

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Enilive Iberia Expands Service Station Network in Spain. The Closing for the Acquisition of Atenoil Has Been Completed

(Eni) ... In line with Enilive's sustainable mobility development strategy, the expanded service station network will meet the needs of people on the move. In particular, the traditional offer of fuels and lubricants will be complemented by new biofuels derived

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Commission Approves up to €1.4 Billion of State Aid by Seven Member States for the Fourth Important Project of Common European Interest in the Hydrogen Value Chain

(European Commission) The European Commission has approved, under EU State aid rules, a fourth Important Project of Common European Interest (‘IPCEI') to support research, innovation and the first industrial deployment in the hydrogen value chain. The project contributes to the EU's

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TerraX srl and SWEN CAPITAL PARTNERS Invest More than 100M€ in Biomethane Projects in Italy

(European Biogas Association)  TerraX srl, the leading Italian developer of renewable gas projects, and the SWEN Impact Fund for Transition managed by SWEN Capital Partners, announce the creation of a joint entity to invest in Italy in the biomethane sector. TerraX is led

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IFC, Italian Climate Fund Partner with ENI to Support Biofuel Production, Farmers in Kenya

(Indian Chemical News)  The investment consists of US$ 135 million from IFC and US$ 75 million mobilized from the Italian Climate Fund -- IFC (International Finance Corporation) and the Italian Climate Fund announced a US$ 210 million investment in Eni S.p.A.’s Kenya

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Global Biofuel Alliance Sets up Three-Pronged Work Plan, Says Govt

by Subhayan Chakraborty (Business Standard) While it remains without a charter, or a permanent secretariat, the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) has adopted a work plan focused on assessing country landscapes, drafting policy frameworks, and conducting biofuel workshops, petroleum and natural gas ministry

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Fratelli Cosulich Adds New Methanol and Biofuel Bunker Barge to Its Fleet

by Ajsa Habibic (Offshore Energy)  Italian maritime transportation group Fratelli Cosulich has taken delivery of the newbuild chemical bunker barge equipped to carry methanol and biofuels up to B100. -- The newbuild, named Marta Cosulich, was built by the Chinese yard Zhejiang

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Premiere for the Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup with eFuels

(Porsche) The Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup will start the new season with eFuels that are potentially near-carbon-neutral. The feedstock comes from the Haru Oni pilot plant. The up to 32 racing cars in the Supercup will be fuelled exclusively with eFuels

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The Turin Joint Statement on Sustainable Biofuels – The Background

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Turin Joint Statement on Sustainable Biofuels has now been released, and is here. WHAT THE TURIN JOINT STATEMENT (TJS) IS The Turin Joint Statement seeks to focus attention on G7 Ministers (and by extension heads of state) regarding

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Eni: The Council of State Cancels the AGCM Provision on the Diesel+ Case and Defines the Concept of 'Green Claim'

(Eni) Eni is pleased to learn of the decision of the Council of State which after 4 years rejected the thesis of the Competition and Market Guarantor Authority (AGCM) according to which Eni had implemented an unfair commercial practice to the

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Europe Could Produce 111 bcm of RNG by 2040, Report Finds

(Bioenergy International) A new report by Guidehouse on behalf of the European Biogas Association (EBA) reveals that Europe (EU-27 + UK, Norway, and Switzerland) could produce 111 billion cubic metres (bcm) of biomethane by 2040. This amount represents over 30 percent

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Exclusive: Eni Aims to Sell Stakes in Biofuel, Bioplastic Units by Year-End, Sources Say

by Francesca Landini, Ron Bousso and Elisa Anzolin (Reuters) Italian energy group Eni (ENI.MI), opens new tab aims to sell by year-end minority stakes in its biofuel and bio-plastic units that could fetch around 1.3 billion euros in total to speed up its

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Axpo and ENEGO Consider 100 MW Green Hydrogen Production Plant in Sicily

(Axpo Group)  Axpo has signed a cooperation agreement with French energy investor ENEGO to study the feasibility of a 100 MW green hydrogen plant in Sicily, it was announced today (April 9, 2024). The project shall be located in the Priolo-Augusta

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What Other Brands Can Learn From Stellantis' Combustion Investment

by Gerhard Horn (Car Buzz) Stellantis announced that it will be investing $6 billion to keep internal combustion alive for cars like the Dodge Charger. -- Earlier this year, Stellantis announced that it would be investing $6 billion to keep internal combustion alive.

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Eni, Fincantieri and RINA Establish Partnership for Maritime Transport Decarbonization

(Eni)  Eni, a global energy company, Fincantieri, one of the world’s largest shipbuilding groups, the only one active in all high-tech marine industry sectors, and RINA, a multinational inspection, certification, and engineering consultancy, have signed an agreement to develop joint initiatives

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The Digest’s Biofuels Mandates Around the World 2024

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Florida, the Daily Digest today released its annual review of biofuels mandates and targets around the world, looking at the state of biofuels mandates in 65 countries. Get the latest up to the minute new

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Kuwait Oil Company Q8 to Buy 50% of Italian Biodiesel Producer EcoFox

by Muhammad Al Gebaly (Reuters/Zawya)  The Italian branch of Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI), Q8, said on Saturday that it would buy a 50% stake in Italian biodiesel producer, EcoFox, as part of efforts to reduce its fossil-fuel emissions. "This deal constitutes a

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InfraVia Announces Incorporation of Heygaz Biomethane

(Bioenergy Insight) ... Athanasios Zoulovits, partner at InfraVia, stated: “Circular economy is one of our strong convictions sectors at InfraVia. Heygaz is well set up to play a leadership role in the European biomethane sector, with strong growth prospects driven by

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US Imports 2nd-Highest Volume of Biobased Diesel in History Last Year, Exports Hit 15-Year High

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daiy)  The U.S. imported more than 863 million gallons of biobased diesel in 2023, the second-highest volume of combined biodiesel and renewable diesel imports on record, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration compiled

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Bears, Cars and Angry Farmers Fuel Green Backlash

by Karl Mathiesen, Nicolas Camut, Zia Weise, Charlie Cooper and Louise Guillot (Politico) A 28-country guide to how climate policies are splitting Europe. -- And Green parties are taking the hit — polling shows they will face deep electoral pain when EU citizens

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CEO: Gamalux on Track to Hit 100,000 Tonnes Mark for Sustainable Aviation Fuel by Year-End

(Borneo Post Online/Bernama) KUALA LUMPUR (March 6): Gamalux Group, a leading player in the downstream oil palm industry with facilities in both East & West Malaysia, has targeted to hit the 100,000 tonnes per annum mark for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF)

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Advancing Certification Schemes for Bio-based Feedstock – The BIORECER Project

(Renewable Carbon News/nova institute) In four case studies the project will test the assessment framework and additionally assesses novel value chains based on biological feedstocks -- The EU funded BIORECER project, currently in its 18th month, aims to increase the use and to

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Green Arrow Capital and Lazzari&Lucchini Grow in the Biomethane Sector

(Green Arrow Capital)   Green Arrow Capital, one of the leading Italian independent operators in the field of alternative investments, and Lazzari&Lucchini, leading company in the production of energy from natural resources, announce the completion of their first 7 Biomethane production plant portfolio. The

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Stellantis Spending $6 Billion on New Gasoline Engines that Run on Ethanol

by Adrian Padeanu (Motor 1) ... Stellantis is the next auto juggernaut to signal it has no intention of abandoning piston-powered cars anytime soon. The automotive conglomerate that owns 14 brands is spending the equivalent of $6 billion in South America

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InfraVia Announces the Incorporation of Heygaz Biomethane, a Pan-European Renewable Natural Gas Platform

(InfraVia) Infravia Capital Partners incorporated Heygaz Biomethane (Heygaz), a Pan-European renewable natural gas platform, to address the exciting and deep European renewable natural gas market opportunity and to leverage on the increasing needs of a broad range of industries and transportation

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Researchers Seek to Expand Supplies of Clean Aviation Fuels by Producing More from Agricultural Sources

by Tereza Pultarova (Horizon/Tech Xplore)  Professor David Chiaramonti is looking down at the ground to help resolve a problem up in the sky: airplanes' emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other pollutants. An expert in energy systems and power generation at the Polytechnic University of Turin

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CycleØ Acquires Biogasclean to Increase Fully Circular Green Gas Production by Capturing CO₂

(CycleØ/PR Newswire) Acquisition puts CycleØ at the forefront of synthetic green gas innovation via carbon capture and utilisation (CCU); CycleØ now offers a fully circular biomethane solution which captures methane emissions and CO2; Biogasclean is one of the few companies worldwide pioneering a

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Uncovered: Italian Oil Giant’s African Biofuels Gamble Falls Short

(Transport & Environment/Clean Technica) Investigation into Eni’s projects in Kenya and the Republic of the Congo shows company is failing to produce “miracle” drought-resistant biofuels crops at scale. Italian oil giant Eni is failing to deliver on its promise to produce thousands

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Tecnimont (MAIRE) Awarded a Front-End-Engineering Design for an Integrated Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Plant in Portugal

(Tecnimont (MAIRE)) Tecnimont will carry out FEED and will submit an EPC proposal for a large-scale plant that will produce green hydrogen and green ammonia from dedicated renewable energy; The scope of work includes electrolyzers’ integration, air separation unit for nitrogen production,

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The President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo Met Eni Chief Executive Officer Claudio Descalzi in Jakarta

(Eni) The President of the Republic of Indonesia Joko Widodo met Eni Chief Executive Officer Claudio Descalzi in Jakarta today (February 2, 2024), to discuss the company’s ongoing activities in the country and to outline initiatives in the areas of energy

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to HEFA Based SAF Projects Utilizing Marginal Land

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A new Aviation Biofuel plant producing HEFA, and Production and test of HEFA in commercial flights in non-segregated mode are the focal points of this presentation by esteemed international researcher David Chiarimonti. The goal is to

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India Could Triple Its Biofuel Use and Accelerate Global Deployment

by Jeremy Moorhouse and Astha Gupta (IEA) India has quickly joined the ranks of major biofuel producer and consumer thanks to a set of coordinated policies, high-level political support, and an abundance of feedstocks. Over the next five years it has the

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Eni Rovuma Basin Starts Producing Vegetable Oil for Biorefining in Mozambique

(Eni) Eni Rovuma Basin (ERB) announces the beginning of production of vegetable oil which will be used as feedstock in Eni’s biorefineries. This initiative is part of Eni’s strategy to contribute to the decarbonization of transportation, and it will include Mozambique

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Nordic Aviation Stakeholders to Push Hydrogen Power

(Bioenergy International)  A consortium of Nordic aviation stakeholders including Airbus, Avinor, SAS, Swedavia, and energy utility major Vattenfall AB, have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to investigate the feasibility of a hydrogen infrastructure at airports in Sweden and Norway. According to

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Europe Launches New e-Fuels Project to Decarbonize Shipping

(Safety4Sea)  The new €17 million European GAMMA project aims to make ocean transport and trade more environmentally friendly. Companies and researchers from Europe will collaborate to develop and convert a bulk carrier to operate on climate-neutral fuels and green power, reducing

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CEM14/MI-8 Minister – CEO Biofuels Roundtable

(Biofuture Platform) The CEM14/MI-8 closed door Minister – The CEM14/MI-8 closed door Minister – CEO Roundtable on Biofuels was held on 21st July. The Roundtable was organized by the CEM Biofuture Platform Initiative and the Co-leads of the MI Integrated Biorefineries (India

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Eni Moves Ahead with Conversion of the Livorno Refinery into a Bio-refinery

(Eni) Eni confirms its decision to build Italy's third bio-refinery in Livorno. The project, first announced in October 2022 and followed by an application for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in November 2022, is awaiting official authorisations and includes the construction of

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Ryanair and Enilive: A Common Goal to Fuel a More Sustainable Aviation

(Ryanair)  Ryanair, Europe’s no.1 airline, and Enilive, a company directly controlled by Eni which holds 100% of its share capital, announced today (22 Jan) that they have signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) for the long-term supply of Enilive sustainable aviation

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The World’s Best Import Markets for Biodiesel

(Indexd Box/Global Trade) ... The import market for biodiesel has seen significant growth as countries look to meet their energy needs while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we will explore the world’s best import markets for biodiesel, using data from the

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Entrepreneur Cultivates Seeds that Produce Biofuel

(GCIS Vuk’uzenzele/Sowetan Live) Business journey has not been a bed of roses - Ngidi -- A young, curious farmer’s quest to pivot from farming traditional crops has seen her become an environmental warrior.  Zinhle Ngidi from Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal, now cultivates seeds that produce

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LG Chem and Enilive: A Joint Venture Agreement for the Biorefinery in South Korea

(Eni)   LG Chem and Enilive move a further step forward to the final investment decision on the project of a new biorefinery in South Korea by signing the joint venture agreement. The agreement has been signed in Rome by Eni CEO,

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Green Hydrogen: Italy Planning Pipeline Project with Morocco

(North Africa Post) The Italian government has agreed to finance a feasibility study for building a pipeline destined to transport green hydrogen from Morocco to the European country. This ambitious project has been disclosed lately by Italian MP Debora Serracchiani of the

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CALL FOR PAPERS SUM 2024 - 7th Symposium on Circular Economy and Urban Mining --- May 15-17, 2024 --- Capri, Italy DEADLINE March 4, 2024

Saving and recovery of resources and increasing need of environmental sustainability have been the driving forces for the development of Circular Economy and Urban Mining strategies. These represent a real revolution in waste management as well in several other fields.

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SUM 2024 - 7th Symposium on Circular Economy and Urban Mining --- May 15-17, 2024 --- Capri, Italy

Saving and recovery of resources and increasing need of environmental sustainability have been the driving forces for the development of Circular Economy and Urban Mining strategies. These represent a real revolution in waste management as well in several other fields.

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Green Hydrogen and Biofuels Will Create 1.7 Million Jobs in Europe by 2040 – Executive Summary

by Andrea Hargraves  (brytfmonline) New renewable fuels, such as green hydrogen or biofuels, could create 1.7 million new jobs in Europe and contribute to European GDP growth of €145 billion by 2040. This is the conclusion of the study “Green Molecules: The Imminent

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NEXTCHEM (MAIRE) Awarded by Saras an Engineering Design Study for the First Green Synthetic Fuels Pilot Plant in Italy

(MAIRE) The study is related to the development of a pilot plantfor the production of green syntheticfuels from low carbon hydrogen and CO2 in the Sarroch’s refinery (Sardinia), with the potential for scaling-up to an industrial plant; NextChem will apply its proprietary NX CPO technology to boost

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Eni Rovuma Basin Starts Producing Vegetable Oil for Biorefining in Mozambique

(Eni)    Eni Rovuma Basin (ERB) announces the beginning of production of vegetable oil which will be used as feedstock in Eni’s biorefineries. This initiative is part of Eni’s strategy to contribute to the decarbonization of transportation, and it will include

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US Imports Record Volume of Biodiesel from Spain in October

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  The U.S. imported more biodiesel from Spain in October 2023 than ever before, according to new data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. In October, the U.S. received more than 13.3 million gallons from Spain. This marks

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Standard Engines to Endure in Brazil Amid EV Growth

by Laura Guedes and Gabrielle Moreira (Argus Media)  ... With a mature and structured biofuel market, the country is not likely to move away from alternatives linked to ethanol and biodiesel anytime soon, extending flex options and mixtures with fossil

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NEXTCHEM Awarded New Project in the UAE for the Transformation of Solid Waste into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(NEXTCHEM) MyRechemical to carry out a Waste-to-Chemicals Feasibility Study to support US LanzaTech and Tadweer (Abu Dhabi waste management company) to accelerate a circular carbon economy --  MAIRE announces that NEXTCHEM (Sustainable Technology Solutions BU), through its subsidiary MyRechemical, a leader in waste-to-chemicals,

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Energy Groups Launch Two Green Hydrogen Projects in Italy

by Francesca Landini (Reuters)   Four energy companies announced on Tuesday two separate green hydrogen projects in Italy as they move to offer clean fuels to their customers and take advantage of money coming from the European Union's post-pandemic recovery fund. Italian gas

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Cargo Ship Carrying Biodiesel Feedstock from Malaysia to Italy Attacked by Houthis for Planned Israel Stop

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Yemen, Reuters reports that Houthis attacked a cargo ship that was heading to Italy from Malaysia where it loaded 15,000 metric tons of palm oil waste and residues. The feedstock is destined for Eni’s biorefineries but

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European Parliament Decides to Tighten CO2 Limits for Heavy Commercial Vehicles

(Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e.V. (UFOP)/Biobased Diesel Daily)   The Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen e.V. (UFOP) welcomed the Nov. 22 decision by the European Parliament to lower the CO2-emission limits for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. This decision

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Measuring, Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions across the International Supply Chain for Natural Gas: International Working Group Joint Statement

(U.S. Department for Energy Security and Net Zero)  Public announcement of International Working Group to establish a greenhouse gas supply chain emissions measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification (MMRV) framework for providing comparable and reliable information to natural gas market participants The UK

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Biomass to Liquid Fuels: We Need Commercial Scale Gen 2 Success

by Doug Rivers (Lee Enterprise Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  ... And while advances have been made in the materials handling and pretreatment of these feedstocks, commercial scale attempts produce ethanol have been met with multiple and highly visible failures measured in at least hundreds

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Can Solar and Farming Coexist?

by Clinton Griffiths (AgWeb)   The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) believes solar could provide up to 40% of the country’s electricity by the year 2035. However, it’s estimated roughly 5.7 million acres of land will be needed. “While that amount is

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“Unlocking the Value of Algae” Presented at the Alternative Fuels and Chemicals Coalition Conference

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)   "Unlocking the Value of Algae" was the subject of a Sunday Symposium at the recent Alternative Fuels and Chemicals Coalition’s 2023 Global Biobased Economy Conference and Exhibit.  Presenters at the symposium followed the whole

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IFC Invests Sh32 Billion in Kenya’s Biofuel Project

by Allan Odhiambo (Business Daily)  The International Finance Corporation(IFC) is set to invest Sh31.96 billion ($210 million) in an agribusiness project by Italian firm, Eni Kenya. The IFC said the investment in the form of a senior loan will support capital requirements

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Coldiretti and Italgas Sign a Memorandum of Understanding for the Development of Biomethane

(Italgas (Google Translation)) The commitment, signed in the presence of Deputy Minister Gava, aims to encourage the construction of new plants, the conversion of those currently producing biogas and the connection to gas distribution networks  --   National Confederation Coldiretti , the main organization

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Eni and Saipem: Agreement to Develop New Biorefineries

(Eni) Eni and Saipem have signed an agreement for the development of biorefining. It was signed today by Giuseppe Ricci, Chief Operating Officer for Energy Evolution at Eni, and Alessandro Puliti, Chief Executive Officer at Saipem, to support the transformation path

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Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets

(Biofuels Digest/Nuu Media) Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets provides detailed case studies, updates and analysis of the key producers and developers participating in Renewable Diesel projects and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) projects in the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia, and in South

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Ball Beverage Packaging and Coca-Cola Launch HVO trial

(Biofuels International) Ball Beverage Packaging and Coca-Cola Europacific Partners (CCEP) have announced a new UK trial of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) part fuelled vehicles. A 12-month trial began in October which could reduce supply chain CO2e emissions by around 300 tonnes per

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Enilive’s Diesel from 100% Renewable Raw Materials Powers Lannutti’s fleet

(Eni) Enilive (Eni Sustainable Mobility), through the Eni Fuel company, and Lannutti Group, a leading operator in the logistics and road transport sector, have signed an agreement for the use of HVOlution, a diesel fuel produced from 100% renewable raw materials*. With

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All The Right Foods

by Anna Simet (Biomass Magazine) About 15 miles southwest of Baltimore, the town of Jessup is right in the heart of the Maryland Food Center Authority. Stretching across nearly 400 acres, the center includes the Maryland Wholesale Produce Market and the

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Bertschi and Dow Launch Groundbreaking Sustainable Transportation Solution, Combining Intermodal Rail and Biofuel-Engine Trucks to Reduce CO2 Emissions

(Bertschi) Bertschi, a global leader in chemical logistics, and Dow Inc., a world-leading materials science company, have initiated a groundbreaking pilot for sustainable transportation, from the Netherlands to Italy, combining intermodal rail and biofuel-engine trucks. This collaborative effort marks a significant

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Oleofuels 2024 --- June 12-13, 2024 --- Italy

It is the 15th edition for professionals and experts in the field of oleofuels, providing a unique platform for networking and knowledge exchange. In this two-day conference, industry leaders, manufactures, researchers, policymakers, and market experts will come together to discuss the latest

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Eni’s Africa Biofuel Feedstock Plan to Cost €700 Million

(BNN Bloomberg)  Eni SpA’s plan to set up plants to source approximately 700,000 tons of biofuel feedstock from Africa by 2026 will cost as much as €700 million ($735 million), according to a senior company official.  The plan has already received its

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“On the Road to Net-Zero Emissions”: IVECO and Shell Launch European Bio-LNG Tour

(IVECO/AltFuels) IVECO and Shell are about to start their “ON THE ROAD TO NET-ZERO EMISSIONS” bio-LNG tour, a 10-day long-haul journey across Europe on board an IVECO S-Way truck powered by bio-LNG. The tour will start at the Mittenwalde Shell station

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Mounting Discontent Augurs Badly for EU Green Deal

by Rasmus Grand Berthelsen (Politico) Recent climate regulations are triggering an unintended backlash that risks undermining Europe’s very own climate agenda from within. -- ... Earlier this month, European Parliament President Roberta Metsola — who is part of the same center-right political grouping

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The UK Is Delaying the Switch to Electric Cars. Automakers Are Furious

by Hanna Ziady (CNN)  The UK government said Wednesday it would delay a ban on the sale of new gas and diesel cars by five years, angering carmakers who warned the move would undermine the industry’s efforts to switch to electric vehicles. The delay

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ENGIE Expands Its Biomethane Portfolio

(ENGIE)  The biomethane market is set for substantial growth and ENGIE has set its sights on becoming one of the leading players in Europe. The Group plans to produce 10 TWh per year by 2030. Our commitment to biomethane goes beyond solely

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Eni, LG Chem Explore Renewable Diesel, SAF Project Development in South Korea

(Eni/Biobased Diesel Daily)  South Korea’s leading chemicals producer LG Chem and Italian energy group Eni Sustainable Mobility jointly announced Sept. 14 that they are exploring the possibility to develop and operate a new biorefinery at LG Chem’s Daesan chemical complex, 80

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PM Formally Launches Global Biofuels Alliance; 19 Countries, 12 Global Bodies Agree to Join

by Sukalp Sharma (Indian Express) The alliance is aimed at facilitating international cooperation and intensifying the use of sustainable biofuels, along with facilitating global biofuels trade and technical support for national biofuel programmes. The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) was formally launched on

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International Forum on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioeconomy --- September 28-29, 2023 --- Florence, Italy

IFIB brings together the main world bioeconomy stakeholders, who gather to discuss and present the latest updates in the new economy based on renewable, biological resources. There is a conference with different sessions focused on Biobased Industries, Energy, Agro-food and Biomaterials

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EU Infrastructure Fund Eyes African Clean Jet Fuel Projects

by Wendell Roelf (Reuters) EU to weigh co-financing, guarantees of proposed plants; Africa has 'great potential' to produce SAF - EU official -- The European Union is scouting Africa to back clean jet fuel projects under its Global Gateway infrastructure fund, an

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Politecnico, Fuels: Plant to Obtain Biomethanol from Biogas Was Built

(Milan Post (Google Translation))  “An innovative industrial plant capable of producing biomethanol from biogas, the result of a five-year effort by the Milan Polytechnic and Fattoria Autonoma Tabacchi SC, is now a reality, thanks to BIGSQUID (Biogas-to-liquid) technology. Thus won one of

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Shipowners' Associations and Eni Join Forces to Decarbonize the Maritime Sector

(Eni)  Today (July 11, 2023) Eni presented a document titled “The route to net zero. Decarbonizing the maritime sector” in collaboration with Assarmatori and Confitarma as well as three of the largest companies in the maritime sector (Wärtsilä, WinGD and MAN Energy

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Italian Antitrust Authorities Launch Biofuel Price Fixing Investigation

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Italy, the Corriere Della Sera newspaper reports the Antitrust authority has launched an investigation against Eni, Esso Italiana, Saras, Kuwait Petroleum Italia, Tamoil Italia (which also owns Repsol Italia), Italiana Petroli and Iplom for allegedly colluding

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Motorsport UK Supports Formula Student to Embrace Sustainable Fuels

(Motorsport UK) Motorsport UK, working with Coryton Fuels, will bring sustainable fuel options to the 2023 edition of Formula Student for the first time in its 25-year history. The finals of the celebrated competition will get underway on Thursday this week at

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Politecnico, Fuels: Plant to Obtain Biomethanol from Biogas Was Built

(Milan Post (Google Translation))    “An innovative industrial plant capable of producing biomethanol from biogas, the result of a five-year effort by the Milan Polytechnic and Fattoria Autonoma Tabacchi SC, is now a reality, thanks to BIGSQUID (Biogas-to-liquid) technology. Thus won

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New Biogas Plant in Puglia Fed with the Prickly Pear Plant

(News Italy 24) Sebigas, a company specializing in the design and construction of biogas and biomethane plants, signs a contract with Wakonda SpA, an innovative agricultural startup from Lecce, for the construction of a biogas plant powered by Opuntia (prickly pear)

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Germany, Italy Support New Hydrogen-Ready Pipeline Project

by Rachel More and Francesca Landini (Reuters)  German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said on Thursday he is pleased that Italy and Germany have agreed to push ahead with work on the construction of a pipeline to transport gas and hydrogen between the

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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Raven SR

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Raven SR is a clean fuels company that transforms waste – municipal solid waste, organic waste, and methane – into high-quality, clean hydrogen and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels through its patented Steam/CO2 Reforming technology.  RavenSR CEO Matt

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15th Green Chemistry Postgraduate Summer School --- July 2-7, 2023 --- Venice, Italy and ONLINE

      This 2023 Edition of the Summer School follows the previous one held online and on-site as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. You may already know about previous 14th successful editions of the Summer School, in particular the one took place in Palazzo

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EUBCE 2023 Marks the Return to Real-World Interaction

(Bioenergy International) ... Over 1 500 delegates from 79 countries convened in Bologna, Italy earlier this week to discuss the use of biomass in a circular and sustainable economy. ... The chairwoman of the conference, Isabella de Bari of the Italian Energy

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Eni Launches Dedicated Program for Its Fuel Suppliers in Italy to Use 100% Renewable Diesel

(Eni/Biobased Diesel Daily) Eni announced May 26 that it has launched an initiative to encourage the use of HVOlution by its suppliers’ vehicles transporting fuels to Eni Live Stations. --  HVOlution is Eni Sustainable Mobility’s first diesel produced from 100 percent renewable

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Interview: Varying EU Ethanol Mandates Cloud Biofuel Demand Outlook: ePURE

by Thomas Washington and Harry Clyne (S&P Gobal)  Prices likely rangebound through 2023 after 2022 spike; Advanced fuel production most efficient when derived from crop-based fuel -- Reliable demand forecasts for ethanol uptake in the EU are made harder by the piecemeal

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Eni Sustainable Mobility: Azimut-Benetti Group Is the First to Be Supplied with Biofuel for Pleasure Craft Made from Renewable Raw Materials

(Eni) ...  Azimut|Benetti Group and Eni Sustainable Mobility have signed an agreement for the supply and use of HVOlution, the biofuel produced from 100% renewable raw materials*. This is the first yachting industry agreement that targets decarbonisation. HVOlution, a biofuel made of

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Eni Bets on Agri-business in Africa to Expand Biofuel Production

by Francesca Landini (Reuters) Eni aims to develop farming ventures in at least 9 countries; Eni replicates upstream-downstream model with agri-business; Eni to decide over new bio-refinery in Livorno by year-end -- Italy's Eni (ENI.MI) is investing in farming in several African

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Eni and RINA Sign Partnership to Accelerate the Energy Transition and Decarbonisation of Maritime Transport

(Eni)  RINA, an international company specialising in inspection, certification and engineering consultancy, and Eni have signed an agreement to jointly develop initiatives that can contribute to the energy transition and decarbonisation of their respective operations and particularly maritime transport, where

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IVECO Delivers a Biomethane-Powered IVECO S-Way LNG to Giro d’Italia

(IVECO Italy/AltFuels)  IVECO is supporting the Giro d’Italia 2023 with two Daily and one IVECO S-Way LNG supplied for the sporting event. During the 21 stages of the event, starting on 6 May from the Costa dei Trabocchi (Abruzzo) and arriving

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Eni and Sonangol Expand Cooperation in Decarbonization and Sustainable Energy Transition Areas

(Eni)  The CEO of Eni Claudio Descalzi and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Sonangol Sebastião Pai Querido Gaspar Martins have signed today in Rome a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to further expand the scope of the cooperation between the

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Eight European Countries Block Ambitious Euro 7 Emissions Plan

by Peter Holderith (The Drive) ... The extremely stringent Euro 7 emissions regulations could be blocked in the European Union after it was announced Monday that eight countries signed a letter objecting to the legislation's passage. These countries constitute a large

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Kenya Airways : KQ to Pilot Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel During the Sustainable Flight Challenge

(Kenya Airways/Market Screener)  Kenya's national carrier, Kenya Airways (KQ), has announced participation in the second edition of the Sustainable Flight Challenge (TSFC), an initiative of SkyTeam. The initiative is a friendly competition between SkyTeam member airlines. This year, TSFC has

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Costa Cutting Road Emissions by 90% Using Biofuel-Powered Trucks to Move Supplies

by Holly Payne (Seatrade Cruise News)  Costa Cruises has signed an agreement with LC3 Trasporti to start using bio-LNG-powered trucks to convey supplies for its vessels, slashing its road transport emissions by 90%. The collaboration gets underway May 19, when Costa Firenze will

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Makueni’s Castor Beans Feeding Italian Biofuel Firm

by Pius Maundu (Nation Media Group) Castor beans are the raw material for jet fuel; Its production nosedived over the years due to the vagaries of climate change and lack of a steady market -- As a little girl growing

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BP Targets Farms and Feedstock as Biofuel Race Gathers Pace

by Ron Bousso (Reuters) BP considers investing in feedstock producers; BP could invest directly in feedstock crop farming; BP aims to triple biofuel output by 2030  --... BP said it will increase biofuel output three-fold by 2030 to 100,000 bpd, or

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Pepsico Reuses Oil from Its Snacks Plant to Turn It into Biodiesel

(PepsiCo Spain (Google Translation)) The company launches a pilot project that allows more than 40,000 liters of used oil to be converted into HVO, a 100% plant-based biofuel; It will be used for the truck fleet of PepsiCo employees and

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PBF Begins Commissioning Renewable Diesel Unit at Chalmette Refinery in Louisiana

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Construction on PBF Energy’s 306-million-gallon-per-year renewable diesel production unit co-located with the company’s Chalmette refinery in Louisiana has reached mechanical completion, the company announced in its first-quarter financials. The project, which includes a repurposed hydrocracker and

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Ferrari CEO Says E-Fuel Cars Do Not Compromise Carbon Goals

by Giulio Piovaccari (Reuters) Ferrari's plans to continue building internal combustion engine cars powered by so called e-fuels does not conflict with its target to become carbon neutral by 2030, its chief executive said on Tuesday. "The two (targets) are very much

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ITA Airways Launches Its Fly with SAF Program, Signing Its First Agreement with DB Schenker Italy

(ITA Airways/DB Schenker) • ITA Airways launches its Fly with SAF program, signing its first agreement with DB Schenker Italy. • ITA Airways and DB Schenker join their forces to develop the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel. The program offers freight

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Fratelli Cosulich Completes Its First Biofuel Supply

by Aida Čučuk (Offshore Energy) Italian maritime transportation group Fratelli Cosulich, in partnership with IPLOM (Piedmont Industry Processing Mineral Oils), has begun producing and supplying its own bio VLSFO to reduce the GHG intensity of marine fuels and meet the EU

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NextChem Awarded a New Advanced Basic Engineering Study by Storengy for the Production of 2nd Gen Biomethane in France

(Gas Processing News) Maire Tecnimont S.p.A. announces that its Sustainable Technology Solutions subsidiary NextChem, after having completed the methanation advanced basic engineering study announced in July 2022 for the Salamandre project in the Normandy region, has been awarded a new contract

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OG Clean Fuels Expands Presence in Europe, Opens Its First Bio-CNG Station in Italy

(OG Clean Fuels/AltFuels) OG Clean Fuels is expanding its clean fuels network to Italy with the opening of its first biomethane refueling location in Novara. After the Netherlands, Germany and Sweden, Italy is the fourth country in which OG Clean Fuels

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Stellantis Is Betting on Keeping Combustion Engines Alive with Massive E-Fuel Tests

by Rob Stumpf (The Drive)  Stellantis ordered 28 different engine families to be stress tested with synthetic fuel. ... On Thursday (April 20, 2023), the automaker announced that it had begun testing e-fuels in 28 different engine families across its

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Gas from Grappa: Spirits Maker Bonollo Turns Waste to Biomethane

by Francesca Landini (Reuters) Bonollo, known for making Italy's traditional spirit grappa, and gas distributor Italgas (IG.MI) opened the first biomethane plant in an Italian distillery on Wednesday, in a move that could spur the country's production of renewable natural gas. Biomethane, which in

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Neste Welcomes the Italian Government’s Ambition to Increase the Use of Unblended Renewable Fuels as an Important Step in the Fight against Climate Change

(Neste) Neste welcomes the Italian government’s decision to introduce a mandate for increasing the use of unblended, i.e. “neat”, biofuels to further accelerate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions in the transport sector. While the use of such renewable fuels is not

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First Biofuel Bunkering Operation in the Mediterranean Sea

(infoMARE)  It was built by TotalEnergies Marine Fuels and Corsica Sardinia Ferries in the port of Toulon -- TotalEnergies Marine Fuels and Corsica Sardinia Ferries have announced that it has carried out the first bunkering operation of biofuel in the

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G7 Climate: Even Biofuels to Decarbonise the Car

by Neil (Global Happenings/Ansa) The importance of the role of biofuels in the decarbonisation of the automotive sector, in view of the appointment of 2035 on the overcoming of diesel and petrol engines in new cars, is highlighted in the conclusions

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'Unreasonable' Not to Include Biofuel in EU Car Deal

(Redazione ANSA) Energy Minister says Italy committed to meeting energy neutrality goals --  It is "unreasonable" for Europe not to include biofuels in a deal to allow the sale of vehicles that burn fuels made from renewable energy past 2035, Environment

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Italian Carrier Trusts on Biomethane to Power Its New 15 IVECO S-WAY LNG Trucks

(IVECO Italy/AltFuels)  IVECO has delivered another 15 IVECO S-WAY LNG trucks to Spezzano Trasporti, a transport and logistics company with a strong focus on the environment. The new vehicles, equipped with a 460 HP Cursor 13 engine, will be powered by

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Eni Sustainable Mobility's Diesel from 100% Renewable Raw Materials Powers Spinelli Group Trucks

(Eni) From today, HVOlution, the biofuel produced at Venice and Gela Eni’s bio-refineries, will be used by 150 vehicles from the Spinelli Group’s fleet --  Eni Sustainable Mobility and the Spinelli Group, a leader in the field of integrated logistics, have

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Italy, German Officials Lean against EU Target on Combustion Engines

(SursaZilei.RO) Germany and Italy threatened to block an European Union plan that would have effectively banned new combustion-engine vehicles after 2035 unless the bloc’s executive comes up with a promised proposal to exempt cars that use climate-neutral synthetic fuels, according to Bloomberg. Poland and Hungary have also

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EU Launches Dung-To-Fuel SAF Project

by Graham Warwick (Aviation Week Network) Abundant animal manure could be converted to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) via hydrothermal liquefaction. -- Europe produces about 1.4 billion metric tons of manure annually from animal farming, some of which could be converted to sustainable

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Eni Sustainable Mobility and Saipem Sign a Memorandum for the Use of Renewable Fuels on Naval Fleet

(Saipem)  Eni Sustainable Mobility and Saipem have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the aim of employing biofuels on Saipem’s drilling and construction naval vessels, with particular attention to operations in the Mediterranean Sea. Saipem has a global fleet consisting

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DHL Express Launches GoGreen Plus: First Global Express Courier to Give Customers the Opportunity to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce Emissions

(Deutsche Post DHL Group) - GoGreen Plus will become available to all DHL Express customers globally over the coming months. - GoGreen Plus is part of Deutsche Post DHL Group's sustainability goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050  --  DHL

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Biogas and Biomethane Firmly on European IOC Radar

(Energy Intelligence) ... US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). BP, for example, says buying US renewable gas specialist Archaea Energy last year gives it strong potential in a “key fast-growing geography for biogas.” IRA has been a “game changer” in underpinning projects

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HVOlution, the New Biofuel Arrives in the First 50 Eni Service Stations

(HDMotor.it (Google Translation)) Eni focuses on " technological neutrality " to decarbonise the transport sector . Therefore, the company intends to invest in various technologies to achieve this important goal. Technologies such as, for example, biofuels . Last November, Eni reported on its work on HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil), a biofuel which it

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Formula 1 ‘Will Never Go Electric’ Says CEO

by James Gilboy (The Drive) We called it: F1’s CEO says batteries aren’t the future for the world’s premiere open-wheel race series. ... Instead, the Italian said that F1 will hedge its future on a "clean, zero-emission petrol" that it is

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Costa Group and Proman join forces towards decarbonisation of the cruise industry

(Proman) Costa Group, part of Carnival Corporation and Europe’s leading cruise operator with its two brands Costa Cruises and AIDA Cruises, and the leading methanol producer, Proman, have signed an MOU to drive further the implementation of methanol as a

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enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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