Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from Liquefaction

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June 8, 2021

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by John Holladay and Zia Haq (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and U.S. DOE, Bioenergy Technologies Office) In November 2020, PNNL facilitated an international workshop on HTL for SAF production.
Present an overview of findings
• Quick overview of HTL
• Details from the workshop – research opportunities
• Examples of pilot and demonstrations
• Conclusions
Take home message
• HTL has high promise
• Roughly 20% of fuel in SAF range
• Four areas of “research opportunities”

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Hydrothermal liquefaction provides a means to convert wet carbon-rich waste into biocrude oil

The carbon yield to fuels is among the highest in bioprocessing

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Key Results of HTL for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Workshop
• Need to analyze feedstock pre-processing cost to produce uniform quality bio-crude from mixed feedstocks. Feedstock consistency (temporal, seasonal) needs to be analyzed.
• Small decentralized plants could produce bio-crude moved via rail, pipeline, or trucks to processing plant for upgrading and hydro-treatment to finished fuels.
• Aqueous product management, ash removal, and solids removal are key issues. Ability to recover chemicals and dissolved metals from aqueous phase could add to financial viability of project.
• Nitrogen in jet fuel is a key issue. Sewage sludge and waste-water treatment effluent might have high N levels. mInteraction between nitrogen and sulfur needs to be better understood.
• Hydrogen requirement for HTL processes needs to be analyzed. Variability of cost and greenhouse gas emissions depends on source of hydrogen.
• Industry needs to produce bio-crude with required specifications on a reliable basis in order to facilitate ASTM approval.
• ASTM Marine diesel could be produced with minimal upgrading of HTL bio-crude. Integration of bio-jet, renewable diesel, and naptha/gasoline in single facility need to be explored. READ MORE

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