Top 10 Bioeconomy Must-Knows in the Biden Transition

Agriculture (USDA)Algae/Other Aquatic Organisms/SeaweedAtmosphereAviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)BioChemicals/Renewable ChemicalsCarbon Dioxide (CO2)Energy (DOE)Environmental Protection AgencyFederal Agency/Executive BranchFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal LegislationFederal RegulationFeedstocksField/Orchard/Plantation Crops/ResiduesForestry/Wood/Residues/WasteFunding/Financing/InvestingGreen JobsHeating Oil/FuelInfrastructureMethane/BiogasOffice of Management and Budget (OMB)OpinionsPolicyPrecursors/BiointermediatesSustainabilityTransportation (DOT)White House
January 20, 2021
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by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who are the key bioeconomy players in the new Biden Administration? What recent moves by the outgoing Trump Administration and Congress will set their budget and regulatory framework for 2021. What will the new Administration do, right away and this year?  READ MORE

1. New faces

Here are the key bioeconomy players, as nominated and as-yet unconfirmed, for the incoming Biden Administration.

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2. Climate and the Paris Agreement

Here are 7 key elements of Joe Biden’s plan for a Clean Energy Revolution and Environmental Justice, as detailed here and here and here.

1. Day 1 of the Biden Administration is going to be very busy! To immediately make progress on his climate agenda, Biden will take actions including requiring aggressive methane pollution limits for new and existing oil and gas operations; developing rigorous new fuel economy standards aimed at ensuring 100% of new sales for light- and medium-duty vehicles will be zero emissions and annual improvements for heavy duty vehicles; protecting the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

2. Work with Congress to enact in 2021, President Biden’s first year in office, legislation that, by the end of his first term, puts us on an irreversible path to achieve economy-wide net-zero emissions no later than 2050.

3. On Day 1, Biden will rejoin the Paris Climate Agreement. But we must go further. In his first 100 days in office, Biden will convene a climate world summit to directly engage the leaders of the major greenhouse gas-emitting nations of the world to persuade them to join the United States in making more ambitious national pledges, above and beyond the commitments they have already made.

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6. Biden will make it a priority for all federal agencies — and hold them accountable for results — to engage in community-driven approaches to develop solutions for environmental injustices affecting communities of color, low-income communities, and indigenous communities.

7. On Day 1, Biden will require public companies to disclose climate-related financial risks and the greenhouse gas emissions in their operations and supply chains.

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3. Rural Development

Here are key elements of Joe Biden’s Rural Plan as detailed here.

1. Make a historic $400 billion procurement investment that together with his clean energy and infrastructure plan will power new demand for American products, materials, and services.

2. Provide capital for small-medium manufacturers so they can modernize and compete.

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3. Grow the bioeconomy and bio-based manufacturing to bring cutting-edge manufacturing jobs back to rural America

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5. Promote ethanol and the next generation of biofuels. Biden believes renewable fuels are vital to the future of rural America – and the climate. As part of his R&D investment, Biden will invest in developing the next generation of biofuels. Biden will invest in research to develop cellulosic biofuels in a manner that protects our soil and water and addresses the challenge of climate change, while turning grass, crop residues, and other biomass into fuel. From day one, President Biden will use every tool at his disposal, including the federal fleet and the federal government’s purchasing power, to promote and advance renewable energy, ethanol, and other biofuels.

6. Biden will bolster funding for the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Our farmers need new technologies to compete in world markets while protecting our soil and water. These new technologies – and the next new seeds – should be developed and owned by the American people, not private companies who can use patents to expand profits.

7. Create jobs building sustainable infrastructure and a clean energy future

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4. Domestic Manufacturing

Here are key elements of Joe Biden’s Manufacturing Plan as detailed here.

1. Create A “Made in America” Tax Policy with a New Biden Offshoring Tax Penalty and a new Biden Made in America Tax Credit.

2. Impose an New Offshoring Tax Penalty.

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3. Biden Will Establish a New “Made in America” Tax Credit to Save and Create Manufacturing Jobs.

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4. In his first week in office, Biden will sign executive actions to strengthen Buy American — Use authorities under the Defense Production Act and the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 Act to enforce Buy American rules.

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5. Infrastructure

Here are key elements of Joe Biden’s Manufacturing Plan as detailed here.

TRANSPORTATION

Highways, Roads, & Bridges

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Invest in historically marginalized communities and bring everyone to the table for transportation planning. Pair new infrastructure investments with new training programs. Stabilize the Highway Trust Fund.

Speed the Transition to Low- and No-Carbon Vehicles. Launch a new generation of low-carbon trucking, shipping, and aviation technologies. Long-haul trucking, oceanic shipping, and global aviation also contribute heavily to transit emissions. As part of Biden’s plan to invest $400 billion over 10 years in clean energy research and innovation, his administration will develop a federal research program focused on further reducing the cost of biofuels; increasing their energy density; and developing more efficient engines that can power long-haul trucks, planes, and ships, to keep global commerce moving while reaching net-zero emissions by 2050. In addition, the Biden Administration will work with the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization to share those technologies with other nations.

Rail

Across the Midwest and the Great West, he will begin the construction of an end-to-end high speed rail system that will connect the coasts, unlocking new, affordable access for every American. 

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Smart Cities

As president, Biden will build on the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Smart City Challenge by launching a yearly $1 billion competitive grant program to help five cities pilot new planning strategies and smart-city technologies that can serve as models for the country. Biden will also direct the Department to work with labor unions to develop a plan to help workers impacted by this automation find high-paying, quality jobs.

Aviation

As president, Biden will double funding for airports through the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Airport Improvement Program, and launch a new competitive grant program for major airport renovation projects.

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Freight

Biden will roughly double funding for key competitive grant programs ....

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WATER

Biden will double federal investments in clean drinking water and water infrastructure, and focus new funding on low income rural, suburban, and urban areas that are struggling to replace pipes and treatment facilities – and especially on communities at high risk of lead or other kinds of contamination. In addition, Biden will reduce the matching funds required of local governments that don’t have the taxbase to be able to afford borrowing to repair their water systems.

BROADBAND

As president, Biden will invest $20 billion in rural broadband infrastructure; and triple funding to expand broadband access in rural areas, and to ensure that the work of installing broadband provides high-paying jobs with benefits.

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Finally, Biden will work with Congress to pass the Digital Equity Act, to help communities tackle the digital divide.

SCHOOLS

President Biden will invest $100 billion in improving public school buildings.

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6. The DOE Loan Guarantee Program re-invented, re-programmed, re-vived

If you were counting, there has not been a new closing for a novel project using the DOE Loan Guarantee Program since 2014, we’re told. Despite a stellar less-than-3-percent default rate that any small business lender would kill for. And, despite more than $25 billion in the kitty.

We predict that this is the year that the DOE Loan Program will roar to life.

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7. Energy Policy Act

Here are key elements of the new Energy Policy recently passed by Congress as part of the year-end package, as summarized from a more detailed analysis provided to members of the Advanced Biofuels Association:

Title IV – Carbon Management

Section 4002 directs the Secretary of Energy to conduct RDD&CA activities for carbon capture technologies. It also authorizes and encourages support for large-scale pilot projects. 

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Title V – Carbon Removal

Section 5001. Carbon removal. establishes an RD&D program to examine the methods, technologies, and strategies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere at a large scale. It also requires the Secretary of Energy to award prizes to pre-commercial and commercial direct air capture projects for qualified facilities that capture carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air.

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Title VI – Industrial and Manufacturing Technologies

Section 6001 outlines the purposes of the title, which are to encourage the development and evaluation of technologies that increase the technological and economic competitiveness of U.S. industry and manufacturing and decrease the emissions of non-power industrial sectors.

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Title IX – Department of Energy Innovation

Section 9001 establishes an Office of Technology Transitions, the mission of which is to improve the commercial impact of the research investments of DOE and to focus on commercializing technologies that advance the missions of DOE, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants. It requires the Secretary of Energy to appoint a Chief Commercialization Officer

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8. The Budget, Tax Credits and COVID relief in the Year-End appropriations package

Here are key elements of the year-end package passed by Congress as summarized from a more detailed analysis provided to members of the Advanced Biofuels Association.

Tax Extensions through 2021 for:

  • Alternative fuels/mixture credit.
  • Second generation biofuels credit.
  • Alt fuel vehicle refueling property credit.

Repeal of Second generation biofuels property depreciation.

COVID Relief

Makes biofuel producers eligible for direct payments from USDA to recoup losses due to COVID; top-line funding for the direct aid account is $11.1875 billion. There is no specific spend required for biofuel producers, USDA has wide discretion on how to use these funds.

Appropriations

EPA

  • Directs EPA to finalize a rule permitting the production, transfer, and use of biointermediates within 90 days. EPA is also required to brief Congress on its plans for action within 60 days.
  • Directs EPA to report to Congress within 180 days on agency and stakeholder engagement to create markets for low-grade and low-value wood (i.e. slash and precommercial thinnings) as a feedstock for alternative fuels.
  • Directs EPA to process applications for eRINs within 90 days. Notes the backlog of pathway applications at EPA.
  • Reminds EPA that it is able to grant additional SRE relief regardless of the recommendations from the Department of Energy (holdover language from last year championed by Senate EPW Chairman Barrasso)

DOE

  • Approximately flat funding for the Bioenergy Technologies Office
  • Specific carveouts for feedstock technologies, algal systems, and RNG
  • Encourages DOE to focus on sustainable aviation fuel cost reduction…considering relevant global supply chains and coordinating with Federal agencies, national labs, universities, and the aviation industry.
  • Directs DOE to conduct a study evaluating pathways to reducing emissions from home heating using advanced biofuels and biofuel blends within 1 year.
  • Provides $5 million for research on direct injection, engine technology, and the use of dimethyl ether as a fuel. Encourages R&D in advanced combustion and vehicle engine technology efficiency in propane engines for light and medium-duty applications.

DOT

  • Supports sustainable aviation fuels through existing programs, including $31 million for the NextGen Environmental Research Aircraft Technologies and Fuels program, of which $3 million is designated for the CLEEN program and $15 million is for the center of excellence.
  • Directs FAA to certify fuels for safe use in commercial aviation and for inclusion under CORSIA, encourages utilization of the aviation sustainability center (ASCENT) researchers to address the entire sustainable aviation fuels supply chain to identify and enable industry to overcome key barriers to entry such as fuel costs.

9. The Electrify Everything Movement Gains More Traction

With the election of Joe Biden to the U.S. Presidency, look for a coalition of auto makers, environmental groups and utilities to press for a series of measures to accelerate the conversion of transportation from Internal Combustion Engines (ICE engines) to electric motors. There are good energy efficiency reasons to quickly electrify transport, and good energy storage and “greening the grid” reasons to go slow. So, there will be pushback from oil & gas interests and those who don’t like the prospect of the $7500 per vehicle tax incentives being given to millions of new car owners.

The President’s Plan says:

Speed the transition to electric vehicles.

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Renewable fuels have a dilemma — they are low-carbon technologies often greener than electric mobility options, and they offer lower upfront conversion costs, support for rural economies and can be carbon-negative sky-cleaners, too. They have a good story, but renewable fuels are uniquely tied to oil & gas because they are usually (not always) blended with fossil fuels, and some important voices view renewable fuels as a means of perpetuating fossil fuel dominance. Under a Biden administration, the forces petitioning government have the size (automakers, utilities) to gain a hearing and (automakers, environmentalists) they have deep experience in influencing government policy, and (automakers, utilities, environmental groups) have built-in platforms and budgets for messaging consumers.

10. TAC reform – last minute EPA new regs last minute

Last week, the US federal government formed the Fuels of the Future Advisory Board, which will have three subcommittees on biofuels, hydrogen and methane hydrates. At the same time, the government terminated the Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee (BR&D TAC); Methane Hydrate Advisory Committee (MHAC); and Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee (HTAC).

The FoFAB will provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary of Energy concerning the development of alternative fuels throughout the Department of Energy. Activities of the FoFAB will include advice and recommendations to the Secretary of Energy concerning the development of alternative fuels and related programmatic issues. Activities include, but are not limited to, developing recommendations on broad programmatic priorities for various alternative fuel research and development programs throughout the Department. The board has been selected but the composition of the board has not yet been announced.

FoFAB is expected to be continuing in nature. FoFAB members were selected to achieve a balanced board of community representatives and technical experts in fields relevant to the Department of Energy and the development of alternative fuels.

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The Digest’s take on TAC reform

This is abolishment of a twenty-year old advisory committee set up by biomass r&d act of 2000 and its re-birth as a subcommittee under a new advisory board that also incorporates former H2 and methane hydrate committees. For one, it appears that the old dual leadership structure of USDA & DOE has been abolished in favor of just DOE control. Ostensibly this is being done to save money, per an executive order from President Trump — but also as you can see fromKurt Heckman’s comments, this is also about breaking down silos and looking for overlaps between bioenergy, hydrogen and methane. The Trump Administration has been working on this for a couple of years, we’re told.

The other really big change here apparently is that DOE is dropping the TAC’s legislated focus on biobased products to look solely at biofuels.

Next step, issuing operational details in the handful of working days left before Biden takes office. Also, will the new Administration let it stand? How will the Agriculture sector react to cutting out USDA? It’s awfully late in the Trump Administration to be making sweeping changes — how much will stand? It’ll be up to the new Administration.  READ MORE

Biden to sign flurry of executive actions in first hours of presidency (The Hill)

Biden’s First Round of Executive Orders Protect Environment (Our Daily Planet)

Biden's EPA pick talks WOTUS, biofuels, environmental justice, importance of ag, and more (Agri-Pulse)

DOT GOES GREEN: (Politico's Morning Energy)

Biden EPA asks DOJ to hit pause on defense of Trump-era rules (The Hill)

GROWTH ENERGY READY FOR ‘NEW ERA OF BIOFUELS’ (Brownfield Ag News)

Carbon Capture Coalition submits recommendations to Biden (Biomass Magazine)

A Framework for Just Transitions (Just Transition Initiative)

Carbon Capture Coalition Submits Key Carbon Capture Priorities to President Biden’s Climate Team (Carbon Capture Coalition)

EPA plans to integrate EJ Screen tool in rulemakings (Inside EPA)

 

Excerpt from Politico's Morning Energy: DOT GOES GREEN: The Biden administration has named several prominent climate experts to senior positions at the Transportation Department, in the latest sign he intends to follow through with his campaign promise to tackle climate change across his administration, Pro's Sam Mintz, Zack Colman and Stephanie Beasley report.

Thursday's elevation of three climate hawks comes as the administration confronts the vexing question of how to fundamentally transform transportation, the highest-emitting sector of the U.S. economy. The appointees include Steve Cliff, deputy executive director at the California Air Resources Board, who will serve as deputy administrator at NHTSA and Ann Carlson, a highly regarded climate expert and UCLA environmental law professor, to be NHTSA's general counsel. Annie Petsonk, a lawyer at the Environmental Defense Fund, has been tapped to be principal deputy assistant secretary for aviation and international affairs.

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Meanwhile, Transportation Secretary-designate Pete Buttigieg repeatedly discussed the role infrastructure can play in combating climate change during his nomination hearing before the Senate Commerce Committee on Thursday, including building out electric vehicle charging capabilities and setting strong fuel economy standards. But after Buttigieg said that "all options" were on the table for funding infrastructure during his hearing, a spokesperson for the former mayor backpedaled, noting Buttigieg does not support increasing the federal gas tax, Sam reports.

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INSIDE YELLEN'S WRITTEN RESPONSES: The Senate Finance Committee is expected to vote on Janet Yellen's nomination for Treasury secretary today after a hearing earlier this week where she pledged to create a team to focus on climate change. Yellen's written responses to members of the Senate Finance Committee were released Thursday, spanning 114 pages. In the document, she notes the climate crisis can't be solved without effective carbon pricing. "The President supports an enforcement mechanism that requires polluters to bear the full cost of the carbon pollution they are emitting," she wrote.

Asked about the 45Q tax credit under the Biden administration, she wrote that "using the tax code to set incentives for businesses and individuals to adopt climate-friendly policies is a critical tool," while noting that Biden has been supportive of carbon capture, utilization and storage and of tax incentives "to increase its availability and affordability." She also wrote that "stranded assets are a possible result when new forms of clean energy, transportation, and production displace those that have contributed to climate change." READ MORE

 

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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona 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microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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