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Growth Energy Calls New CAFE Standards A Missed Opportunity

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on June 7 issued a final rule setting new corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards. Growth Energy said the agency has again missed the opportunity

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Hyundai Completes Verification for LNG/Hydrogen Hybrid Engine

(Maritime Executive) Hyundai Heavy Industries Group has developed and successfully tested Korea's first LNG/hydrogen mixed-firing engine. The development of the hybrid engine is part of the South Korean shipbuilding industry’s focus on next generation ships and high-value applications which it is

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New Rule Considered by California Board Would Boost Renewable Diesel

by David Murray (The Waterways Journal Weekly) If a current proposal by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for marine vessels is approved, all harbor vessels, supply boats, fishing vessels, ferries, excursion vessels, tugboats, barges and dredges in California will be

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NATA Sustainability Standard for Aviation Businesses Gets A Refresh

(National Air Transportation Association ) Today (October 18, 2022), the National Air Transportation Association (NATA) released the first update to the NATA Sustainability Standard for Aviation Businesses – a self-certification process for any aviation business interested in pursuing flexible, cost-effective options to

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What Happened at the 2022 CAAFI Bienennial General Meeting?

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative )  There’s more attention on SAF now than ever before. There’s also a lot going on in the SAF space from near-term commercialization, policy pushes, feedstock development, pathway approvals, airline, airport and business aviation engagement,

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CAAFI® Biennial General Meeting --- June 1-3, 2022 --- Washington, DC and ONLINE (free access) Presentations Posted

The CAAFI® Biennial General Meeting (CBGM) is a critical convening event to connect sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) stakeholders across global industries and sectors and provides a venue to share information and showcase technologies.  CAAFI is a public-private partnership of airlines, aircraft and

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Growth Energy’s Bliley Testifies before EPA on Proposed Emissions Standards

(Growth Energy) Today, Growth Energy’s Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Chris Bliley testified before the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during its hearing on the proposed rulemaking, Revised 2023 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards. Earlier this month,

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Beyond the Bedlam in the 2021 Oil Markets --- June 23, 2021 --- ONLINE

A look back at the chaos from the wellhead to the pump in the first six months and expert opinion on what might happen in the second half. Attend this free webinar on June 23 at 2:00-3:00 pm ET and listen

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Beyond the Bedlam in the 2021 Oil Markets --- June 23, 2021 --- ONLINE

A look back at the chaos from the wellhead to the pump in the first six months and expert opinion on what might happen in the second half. Join veteran industry analyst Tom Kloza as he lays out the perils, pitfalls,

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CFDC Calls Nebraska E30 Demonstration One More Step Towards Higher Blends

(Clean Fuels Development Coalition) The Clean Fuels Development Coalition (CFDC) today applauded the work of the State of Nebraska following the release of a report that found higher ethanol blends are safe, efficient, and cost effective when used in conventional vehicles. The

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Groups Say Proposed Rule Would Penalize Ethanol Blends

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com) The Urban Air Initiative (UAI), a coalition of state corn grower organizations, and the American Coalition for Ethanol, and the Clean Fuels Development Coalition filed comments last week opposing a proposed EPA rule they say would penalize ethanol for its

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Corn Growers, Ethanol Supporters to EPA: Stop Penalizing Ethanol Blends

(Urban Air Initiative)  The Urban Air Initiative (UAI), a coalition of state corn grower organizations, and the American Coalition for Ethanol, and the Clean Fuels Development Coalition filed comments today asking EPA not to penalize ethanol's ability to reduce carbon

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Growth Energy Testifies on Low-Carbon Ethanol, EPA Test Fuels

(Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine) Today (July 13, 2020), Growth Energy Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs Chris Bliley offered testimony during a virtual public hearing on the U.S. EPA’s test protocols for U.S. fuels. The agency is currently updating Tier 3 Motor Vehicle

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UAI: EPA Keeping Ethanol from Its True Lower Carbon Value

by Steve Vander Griend (Urban Air Initiative/Ethanol Producer Magazine) In a world intent on lowering carbon emissions, any positive steps lowering CO2 should receive credit. Instead, a recent Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) issued by EPA actually proposes to penalize

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Renewable Fuel Standard Program Anti-Backsliding Determination and Study PUBLIC COMMENT DEADLINE: July 8, 2020

(Environmental Protection Agency)  Clean Air Act Section 211(v) requires EPA to complete an “anti-backsliding study” to determine whether the renewable fuel volumes required in the Act adversely impact air quality as a result of changes in vehicle and engine emissions.

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Ethanol Blog: Ethanol Industry Groups Disappointed in EPA Emissions Study

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer) EPA's release of a so-called "anti-backsliding" study on Friday that calls for no further action to mitigate potential adverse air quality effects from renewable fuels, was met with disappointment by two ethanol industry interest groups. The

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Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Vehicle Test Procedure Adjustments for Tier 3 Certification Test Fuel DEADLINE: August 11, 2020

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to make adjustments to certain laboratory tailpipe emission testing procedures for automobiles, light trucks, and heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans as the result of a test fuel change that was finalized

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Oil Slammed by Price War and Virus in Worst Loss Since 1991

by Dan Murtaugh, Alex Longley, and Jacqueline Davalos (Bloomberg)  Saudi Arabia and Russia both plan to increase production; IEA sees unprecedented combination of supply-and-demand shock  -- Oil plunged as both Russia and Saudi Arabia stood poised to flood the market with

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FPT Industrial Is Investigating Plant-Based Biofuels

(Corporate Social Responsibility Newswire)  FPT Industrial a global powertrain brand of CNH Industrial N.V. (NYSE: CNHI/ MI: CNH),  invested in a production plan and tests dedicated to exploring macaúba biodiesel, with a view to developing a potential new source of sustainable fuel. Macaúba, a native

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WEBINAR: Low-Cost, Low-Volume Prescreening of Novel SAF

by Joshua Heyne (University of Dayton/CAAFI) Fit-for-purpose properties to Tier 3 and 4 Operability Limits ... This Prescreening isn’t (doesn’t) • Required • Affect the formal approval process • Comprehensive • Additional properties that alternative fuels are sensitive to are not additionally evaluated. • thermal stability • contaminates,

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An Identity Crisis—Ethanol Blending is a Refinery?

by Dave VanderGriend (Urban Air Initiative/Biofuels Digest)  ... (A)nyone who owns a blender pump woke up one day in June to find out they were a refiner! Actually, a “fuel manufacturer” to be exact, with all the numbing, strangling regulations that

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Wondering What If -- Real-World Fuels Are Needed as Part of Real-World Testing to Prove Ethanol's Worth in Helping to Boost Octane and Lower Emissions.

by Steve Vander Griend (Ethanol Producer Magazine/Urban Air Initiative)  ... While we are all glad Reid vapor pressure (RVP) relief for E15 was finalized, limiting us to E15 makes this a small victory rather than the game-changer it could have

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How to De-Fossilize Your Fleet: Suggestions for Fleet Managers Working on Sustainability Programs

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Cities, companies, universities, organizations pledge to be 100% renewable (or 50%) by a certain date.  But how often does that pledge include renewable transportation energy?  Occasionally.  But it could be better.  At conferences, sustainability

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More Octane Means More Pain if You Need Very Best Gasoline

by Jeffrey Bair (Bloomberg)  One in seven cars a luxury model that may need higher octane; Refiners step up with extra capacity in Midwest, Gulf Coast -- Premium gasoline for your luxury ride is set to cost even more in the coming months

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Study Finds Ethanol Blends Reduce GDI Tailpipe PM

(Green Car Congress)  A new study finds that ethanol blends reduce particulate matter (PM) coming out of the tailpipe, which in turn reduces overall toxic emissions. The study was conducted by the University of California Riverside and the University of Wisconsin, Madison and

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Urban Air Initiative Comments on E15 Proposed Regulations focus on Sub-Sim

(Urban Air Initiative, et al.) EPA’s proposed rule is inconsistent with the text of the sub-sim law, because ethanol is now a fuel additive used in vehicle certification. The proposed rule would codify a “no more than 15%” ethanol limit for the 1

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Biofuels Advocates Testify at EPA Hearing

(Ag News Wire) The Environmental Protection Agency held a hearing Friday on proposed regulatory changes related to retail sales of 15% ethanol blended fuel (E15) and the renewable identification number (RIN) compliance system Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program. Biofuels advocates, organization representatives and

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Public Hearing for Modifications To Fuel Regulations To Provide Flexibility for E15; Modifications to RFS RIN Market Regulations March 29, 2019

(Environmental Protection Agency/Federal Register)  The EPA is announcing a public hearing to be held in Ypsilanti, MI on March 29, 2019 for the proposed rule ‘‘Modifications to Fuel Regulations to Provide Flexibility for E15; Modifications to RFS RIN Market Regulations.’’ This proposed rule will be published separately

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UC Riverside Team Examines Influence of Mid-and High-Level Ethanol Blends on Pollution from GDI Flex Fuel Vehicle

(Green Car Congress)  A team from the University of California Riverside has investigated the influence of low-, mid-, and high-ethanol fueling—as well as the influence of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel blend—on the regulated and greenhouse gas emissions, the mobile

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Improving Ethanol’s Outlook: Fuel Economy Standards Help Make the Case for Midlevel Ethanol Blends.

by Chris Bliley (Growth Energy/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ...  Automakers are responding by making smaller, higher-compression engines that demand higher octane. Improved engines are the first step toward achieving mid-level ethanol blends such as E25 and E30. ... E30 would improve fuel economy standards, reduce

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Red and White Fleet's Long Awaited Plug-In Vessel, 'The Enhydra' Is Available For Use in San Francisco Bay

(Red and White Fleet/PR NewsWire)  The Red and White Fleet, a San Francisco ferry business operating on San Francisco Bay for over 126 years, announced today the newest addition to its fleet, the Enhydra. The Enhydra, a tribute to the California sea otter, will be the first aluminum

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Isobutanol: Now on the Radar for USA COMMENTS DUE April 30, 2018

by  Jess Hewitt  (Biofuels Digest/Lee Enterprises Consulting)  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has opened a comment period for the registration of the use of Isobutanol in gasoline.  Why is this important?  Because since the states banning of the use of MTBE

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EPA Publishes CAFE Standards Mid-Term Evaluation Final Determination

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)  On April 2, 2018, the Administrator signed the Mid-term Evaluation Final Determination which finds that the model year 2022-2025 greenhouse gas standards are not appropriate in light of the record before EPA and, therefore, should be revised.

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Alternative Fuel Tax Credits Extended

(Wisconsin Clean Cities)  The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, signed into law by President Trump today, included provisions to extend a host of Alternative Fuel Tax Credits. The incentives originally expired on December 31, 2016, but were retroactively extended through

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Is E25 Legal in the Mini Cooper?

by Dave VanderGriend (Ethanol Producer Magazine/ICM/Urban Air Initiative)  ... In an over-simplified explanation, the EPA has claimed the legal authority to regulate ethanol blends under section 211(f) of the Clean Air Act, known as the “sub-sim” law. Under EPA’s current interpretation

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Press Releases

Press Releases The Bioeconomy 500 for 2024 Includes Advanced Biofuels USA Executive Director and Board Members  March 6, 2024 The Bioeconomy 500 for 2023 Includes Advanced Biofuels USA Executive Director and Board Member  February 8, 2023 Advanced Biofuels USA Announces 1st Annual Essay

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ASTM Awards Ethanol Industry Leaders

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  Two ethanol industry technical experts were honored this week by members of ASTM International gathered for their D02 2017 meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants presented Renewable Fuels Association (RFA)

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Ethanol's Biggest Advocate May Be EPA

(Urban Air Initiative)  In plot twist that may open the door to higher ethanol blends, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received an engine patent it has been pursuing for nearly a decade for a high efficiency, high compression

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Drivers Get Cleaner Air, Added Costs as Taxes, Premium Gas Rise

by Laura Blewitt (Bloomberg Markets)  Need high-octane for that BMW? New sulfur curb boosts the cost; Seven U.S states pile on with higher tax rates for 2017  --  A new federal rule cuts the amount of sulfur in gasoline by two-thirds,

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Time to Rein in the EPA

by  Dale Christensen (Glacial Lakes Corn Processors/The Hill)  ... EPA has either through ignorance at best or malice at worst failed to make our continued transition to cleaner, renewable fuels an easier path.   Recall the nearly decade old problem with setting

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Sulfur Compounded in Ethanol Regulations

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  As the Tier 3 deadline approaches, it's important to understand the difference between EPA and ASTM treatments of the element.  --  The U.S. EPA’s Tier 3 rules are not new—they were finalized two years

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Sulfur Compounded in Ethanol Regulations

by  Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  As the Tier 3 deadline approaches, it's important to understand the difference between EPA and ASTM treatments of the element.  --  The U.S. EPA’s Tier 3 rules are not new—they were finalized two

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Ethanol Backers Say Higher Blends Would Reduce Air Toxics

by Renee Schoof (Bloomberg BNA)  A group of farm-state governors and some advocates for clean energy are pressing the Environmental Protection Agency to get tougher on toxic air pollution from motor vehicles in a way that could lead to a bigger

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RFA Comments on DOE’s Innovative “Optima” Program

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com) The Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) had a call for information on Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Optima). The Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) submitted comments stating that the Association agrees that “co-optimization of future

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Federal Court Slams Ethanol and EPA in One Ruling

by John Siciliano  (Washington Examiner)  A federal appeals court slammed the ethanol industry on Tuesday for suing the Environmental Protection Agency, and then slammed the EPA's defense even though the agency won the case. The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals threw

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FFV Fleet Can Serve as Bridge to More Efficient, E30-Burning Vehicles

(25 x '25)  ... The latest report, which is from experts at the DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), describes a study that explores the potential performance benefits of high-octane ethanol blends in the legacy fleet of nearly 18 million flex-fuel

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The Urban Air Initiative's Comments On EPA’s Proposal to Update the Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone Docket ID#: EPA-HQ-OAR-2008-0699

(The Urban Air Initiative)   UAI appreciates this opportunity to comment on EPA’s proposal to strengthen the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground level ozone, as set forth on November 25, 2014.  As summarized here and developed more fully

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'Renewable Super Premium' Offers Boost to Biofuel Producers, Auto Industry

(25 x '25)  A group of DOE National Laboratory representatives have been in Washington this week making presentations to promote the benefits of what they call “Renewable Super Premium” (RSP) fuels. The researchers have found that ethanol fuel blends of

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Welcome to the Twilight Zone

by Robert E. Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Imagine if you will a country with two natural resource industries. Both produce high demand products. One is the lowest priced producer on the planet and is able to sustain output from their

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Advanced Biofuels USA Signs on to Letter to EPA Urging the Agency to Adopt Volkswagen of America’s Proposal for Establishing the E85 Weighting Factor (“F factor”) for Model Year 2016-2025 Dual Fuel Vehicles.

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Advanced Biofuels USA signed on to a letter to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) urging the agency to  adopt Volkswagen of America’s proposal for establishing the E85 weighting factor (“F factor”) for model year

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Two Organizations Call Out the EPA on Corn Ethanol Emissions Modeling, 'Seriously Flawed'

by Aaron Turpen (Torque News)  The UAI and the EFC have called the EPA MOVES2014 corn ethanol emissions model "seriously flawed" and are calling for peer review of the emissions estimates in the annual report. The Urban Air Initiative (UAI) and

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RFS Update from EPA at ACE Meeting

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  Environmental Protection Agency official Paul Machiele visited the American Coalition for Ethanol conference this week in Minneapolis to discuss various issues, including plans for the 2014 volume obligations under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). Machiele, who is director for

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Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference Rumblings of Discontent

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  In the meetings, hallways and conference sessions at Biofuels Digest’s Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference near Washington, DC, the following issues, rumblings, lessons and congratulations abounded. Criticism of the Obama administration and its lack of enthusiastic

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It’s Not a Sprint: Achieving Biofuel Goals Requires the Effort of a Marathon

(25 x '25)   EPA’s release this week of the latest rule governing vehicle emissions and fuel standards is a reminder that while regulations can raise the profile of biofuels, there are no “silver” policy bullets that absolutely assure the growth of biofuels

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EPA Tier 3 Rule Sets E10 as New Test Fuel

by Holly Jessen (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA final rule for emission standards for cars and gasoline made E10 the new federal emissions test fuel, finalized specifications for E85 test fuel for flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) and left the door open for vehicle

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Advanced Biofuels USA Sees Conditional Victory for Ethanol in Tier 3 Final Ruling

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  “It’s not the greatest thing since sliced bread; but at least there’s dough in the machine,” said Advanced Biofuels USA’s vehicle emissions expert, Robert Kozak upon reviewing the Environmental Protection Agency’s Tier 3 vehicle

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EPA Sets Cleaner Fuel and Car Standards, Slashing Air Pollution and Providing Health Benefits to Thousands

(US Environmental Protection Agency)  Based on extensive input from the public and a broad range of stakeholders, including public health groups, auto manufacturers, refiners, and states, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today finalized emission standards for cars and gasoline

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Questions Arise on Tier 3 Timing as Automakers Cite Rule Delay

by Jason Plautz (E&E News/Greenwire)  Questions are rising about when U.S. EPA will release a final rule slashing the amount of sulfur in gasoline, as two key automaker groups say the agency has told them the rule will be delayed until

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Action Plan for a Sustainable Advanced Biofuel Economy

by Robert Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Status Quo US Policies Need to Change Orchestrated, well funded opposition from the non-renewable fuel industry and growing governmental inertia has stalled biofuel R&D innovations and market expansion. Climate Change isn’t going away, nor are

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Call to Action for a Truly Sustainable Renewable Future

-Include high octane/high ethanol Regular Grade fuel in EPA Tier 3 regulations. -Use a dedicated, self-reducing non-renewable carbon user fee to fund renewable energy R&D. -Start an Apollo-type program to bring New Ideas to sustainable biofuel and bioproducts from non-food biomass. -Make advanced

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EPA Tier 3 Proposed Regulations A Common-Sense Change that Could Triple the Market Size for Biomass Ethanol and Other Advanced Biofuels

by Robert Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA)  As part of the recently proposed Tier 3 motor vehicle fuel and emission regulations, www.epa.gov/otaq/tier3.htm, EPA included a very forward looking idea that could bring higher octane, higher ethanol gasoline to the marketplace. Advanced Biofuels

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Advanced Biofuels, Climate Change and National Security

by Robert Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA) The direct relationship between Climate Change effects and National Security was recently summarized in testimony at a Congressional hearing: Competition and scarcity involving natural resources—food, water, minerals, and energy—are growing security threats. Many countries important to

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RFA Comments on Proposed Tier 3 Rule

by Cindy Zimmerman (DomesticFuel.com)  ...Kelly Davis, RFA Director of Regulatory Affairs, says they support the timely implementation of the Tier 3 standards especially the proposal to establish E15 as the certification test fuel beginning in 2017. “We really hope that

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Latest Data on Fuel Mileage and GHG Benefits of E30

by Robert Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA)  As part of Ford Motor Company’s comments submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency docket on proposed Tier 3 regulations regarding higher octane higher ethanol fuels, they provided an up-to-date literature review of the benefits

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In EPA Tier 3 Comments Advanced Biofuels USA Introduces "E30 Capable" Idea to Bring Higher Octane, Higher Ethanol Gasoline to the Marketplace

(Advanced Biofuels USA)  As part of the recently proposed Tier 3 motor vehicle fuel and emission regulations, EPA included a very forward looking idea that could bring higher octane, higher ethanol gasoline to the marketplace. However, Advanced Biofuels USA recommends the

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Sugar for Food, Fuel and Power: The ISO Datagro Sugar & Ethanol Conference in New York City

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  What used to be known as “The New York Sugar Conference” has become “The ISO and Datagro Sugar & Ethanol Conference” with a record-setting number of attendees (350 from 25 countries) demonstrating the growing

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High Compression Ratios and Ethanol Blends Combine to Make a Super-efficient Car

by RP Siegel (Industry Market Trends Green & Clean Journal/ThomasNet.com)  Four years ago, American LeMans kicked off its first green racing season. The program, which requires teams to use alternative fuels such as ethanol blends (E10 or E85), clean diesel, or isobutanol

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Advanced Biofuels USA Supports Proposed Tier 3 Higher Octane Vehicle Fuel and Emissions Regulations, with Recommendations for Implementation

(Advanced Biofuels USA)  As part of the recently proposed Tier 3 motor vehicle fuel and emission regulations, EPA had included a very forward looking idea that could bring higher octane, higher ethanol (E-30) gasoline to the marketplace.  Advanced Biofuels USA

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EPA Holds Hearings to Gather Public Comments on Vehicle and Gasoline Standards

(Environmental Protection Agency)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will hold two public hearings in April on the Tier 3 proposed rulemaking aimed at addressing the impacts of motor vehicles on air quality and public health. The program proposes to

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New EPA Fuel, Emission Standards A Benefit for Ethanol

(Farm Futures)  National Corn Growers Association says more stringent emissions standards create a place for ethanol's higher octane levels to shine ...The tier 3 standards increase the level of stringency with which vehicle emissions are regulated with the goal of decreasing

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EPA Tier 3 Rules Lower Sulfur Content, Assume E15 to Replace E10

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. EPA has proposed Tier 3 emission standards for cars and gasoline. The new goals for lower sulfur content got the attention in the first days after the release of the proposed

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Washington Auto Show Policy Day Brings Biofuels Conversation to Capitol Hill

by Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA) “Affordable Mobility: A Roadmap to Energy Efficiency” framed a public discussion of automotive issues for Capitol Hill staff which ranged from fuel efficiency and the new CAFÉ (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standards to increasing

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No Farm Bill, No Tier 3—Not until after the Election; Sundrop Fuels Presents an Alternative

By Joanne Ivancic (Advanced Biofuels USA)  At the March 21 Bioenergy Day on Capitol Hill, discussion focused on the need for a continued Renewable Fuels Standard, reviews of the history of biofuels, assessment of current questioning of biofuels as viable

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Obama Administration Slows Environmental Rules as It Weighs Political Cost

by Juliet Eilperin (The Washington Post)  ...Rules aimed at curbing emissions from cars and light trucks are on hold because the White House has yet to give the Office of Management and Budget the go-ahead to review them. ...The fight over

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Policy Day at the Washington DC Auto Show

by Robert Kozak (Advanced Biofuels USA)  On the day before the Washington DC Auto Show opens to the public, there is an event called Policy Day. Administration officials and high ranking auto company executives give short presentations and spend time

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emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase 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point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office 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drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric 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