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Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

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Collins, Cantwell Introduce Carbon Removal Bill

by Manuel Quiñones (E&E News/Politico Pro) “Our bipartisan bill would spur research and development for carbon removal technologies, as well as accelerate the commercialization of innovative carbon removal solutions to

June 20, 2022 Read Full Article

How a Sound Transit Contractor Is Trying to Make Light-Rail Construction Easier on the Environment

by Mike Lindblom (Seattle Times)  … In a tiny experiment to limit greenhouse gas, crews building the north half of Sound Transit’s 2024 Northgate-to-Lynnwood extension are fueling two forklifts and

June 8, 2022 Read Full Article

AD Happenings In Washington State

(BioCycle Magazine)  Keep an eye on Washington State in 2022, as several significant developments are anticipated in the anaerobic digestion space. First is the rulemaking underway by the Washington Department of

June 7, 2022 Read Full Article

Accelerating Lessons Learned from State-Level Climate and Environmental Policies for U.S. Climate Action — June 9, 2022 — ONLINE

    Accelerating Lessons Learned from State-Level Climate and Environmental Policies for U.S. Climate Action — June 9, 2022 — ONLINE

In recent years, traditional leadership roles for addressing environmental and climatic changes have shifted. While international fora and processes remain crucial for advancing national and federal-level climate action, sub-national actors

June 2, 2022 Read Full Article

New Artificial Enzyme Breaks Down Tough, Woody Lignin

(Science Daily/DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Study shows promise for developing a new renewable energy source — An innovative artificial enzyme has shown it can chew through woody lignin, an abundant

June 1, 2022 Read Full Article

Renewable Energy Group Enters Strategic Partnership with CFN and Pacific Pride to Expand Distribution of Cleaner Fuels

(Renewable Energy Group/Business Wire) Renewable Energy Group, Inc. (REG) (NASDAQ: REGI), a global producer and supplier of bio-based diesel, has entered into strategic collaboration agreements with CFN and Pacific Pride, two

May 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Bombshell: Propel Fuels Sues Phillips 66 over “Year-Long Extraction of Trade Secrets”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In California, Judge Evelio Grillo of the Superior Court of Alameda County has unsealed a Propel Fuels-Phillips 66 lawsuit, ordered that Propel Fuels file an unredacted copy of

May 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Lignin-Based Jet Fuel Blended with Other Biofuels Can Replace Petroleum-Derived Fuels, Study Says

by Bethan Davies (AZoMaterials)  According to recent research, experimental plant-based jet fuel could enhance engine performance and efficacy, while dispensing with aromatics — the pollution-causing compounds seen in traditional fuels.

May 5, 2022 Read Full Article

15 AlgaePrize Teams Advance as Finalists

(U.S. Department of Energy) 15 teams are advancing as finalists in the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2022–2023 AlgaePrize competition. Finalist teams were selected based on their 10-page research

April 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Co-Processing Cooperation: National Labs Working Together to Create Clean Energy Fuels

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Since 2018, a multi-laboratory consortium, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) and guided by an industrial advisory board, has focused on adding co-processing of

April 22, 2022 Read Full Article

Why These Fleets Use Renewable Diesel Fuel

by Ronnie Wendt (Heavy Duty Trucking Info)  Titan Freight Systems, a regional less-than-truckload carrier in the Pacific Northwest, found renewable diesel was the key to meeting its emissions goals. — Titan

April 21, 2022 Read Full Article

U.S. Biomethane Vehicle Projects Grow 85% in Two Years, Says Argonne

(Argonne National Laboratory)  Made from organic waste, renewable natural gas is rapidly gaining ground as an alternative fuel source with the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Public and

April 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Seaweed Farming Has Vast Potential (But Good Luck Getting a Permit)

by Alex Brown (PEW Stateline) … The state’s permitting process involves nine different agencies, and the paperwork is so burdensome and time-consuming that few people bother. “There’s a lot of people

March 31, 2022 Read Full Article

Washington State Plans to Ban Most Non-Electric Vehicles by 2030

by Minyvonne Burke (NBC News) The bill says that all vehicles of the model year 2030 or later that are sold, purchased, or registered in the state must be electric.

March 28, 2022 Read Full Article

AECOM Enters Strategic Partnership with Genifuel to Transform Algae and Wastewater Biosolids into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(AECOM)  AECOM, the world’s trusted infrastructure consulting firm, today announced it has signed a strategic agreement with Genifuel Corporation to scale production of carbon neutral sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and biogas

March 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Greener Biofuel Production Beckons

(Chemical Processing) Novel electrocatalyst-based system operates at mild conditions and produces hydrogen — A research team at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Wash., has developed a patent-pending system

March 24, 2022 Read Full Article

AGP Expands Port Facility to Export More Soy Meal as Renewable Diesel Drives Crush Capacity up

(Ag Processing/Biobased Diesel Daily) The board of directors of Ag Processing Inc. (AGP) recently approved a major expansion and upgrade of its export facilities at the Port of Grays Harbor in

March 23, 2022 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Research and Development for the Fuels and Chemicals of Tomorrow

(Bergeson & Campbell)  On March 16, 2022, the House Science, Space, and Technology Subcommittee on Energy held a hearing on “Bioenergy Research and Development for the Fuels and Chemicals of Tomorrow.”

March 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Beyond Corn: Panel Mulls Future of Bio-Based Fuels, Chemicals

by Mark Heller (E&E Daily) The House Science, Space and Technology Committee will hold a hearing this week on bioenergy.  — The House Science, Space and Technology Committee this week will

March 14, 2022 Read Full Article

EPA Announces Selection of 11 Organizations to Receive $2 Million to Help Tackle the Climate Crisis Through Food Diversion

(Environmental Protection Agency) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announces the selection of 11 organizations expected to receive a total of approximately $2 million in funding to divert food waste from landfills by expanding

March 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Outstanding Faculty in Discovery: Kilaz Aims for Sustainably Fueled Future

by John O’Malley (Purdue University) Gozdem Kilaz, associate professor of engineering technology, has been recognized for her contributions to the research mission in Purdue University’s Polytechnic Institute. In May 2021, Kilaz

March 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Now on Broadway: LanzaTech’s $2.2B SPAC Merger Takes the Advanced Bioeconomy’s Biggest Hit to an Even Bigger Stage

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Illinois, news arrived that LanzaTech will go public in a merger with the NASDAQ-traded blank check firm AMCI Acquisition Corp II. The deal is reported

March 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Carbon and Hydrogen Hubs Part 2: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to GPI’s Atlas

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In part 2 of the Great Plains Institute’s just published Atlas of Carbon and Hydrogen Hubs, we look at where these 14 key carbon and

February 15, 2022 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2

by Will Thurmond (Emerging Markets) Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2. (249 pages, September 2021) provides a detailed analysis and outlook for low-carbon feedstock availability, and a

February 10, 2022 Read Full Article

LanzaJet and Marquis Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Partner to Build an Integrated Sustainable Fuels Plant in Illinois

(LanzaJet) This partnership will utilize carbon capture and sequestration, renewable energy, and other innovative practices to bring lower-cost, low carbon-intensity sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel, and other sustainable hydrocarbons to

February 10, 2022 Read Full Article

Boeing Buys 2 Million Gallons of Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Emily Holbrook (Environment + Energy Leader) Boeing today announced a supply agreement for two million gallons of blended sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) with EPIC Fuels to power its commercial airplanes operations in Washington

February 8, 2022 Read Full Article

Carbon Neutral by 2035: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Neste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  1.5 Mton/a sustainable aviation fuels production capacity by the end of 2023 with plans to grow capacity, helping customers reduce their GHG emissions by at

February 3, 2022 Read Full Article

Process Removes Biofuel Contaminants from Wastewater and Generates Hydrogen to Fuel Its Own Operation

by Karyn Hede (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Phys.Org)  … “The currently used methods of treating biocrude requires high-pressure hydrogen, which is usually generated from natural gas,” said Juan A. Lopez-Ruiz, a

February 2, 2022 Read Full Article

As Minnesota Explores a Clean Fuel Standard, There’s Pushback against Ag

by Jeff Beach (AgWeek) State agencies have been meeting with stakeholder groups, including farm groups. A report will be sent to Gov. Tim Walz in February. — Minnesota is exploring the

January 31, 2022 Read Full Article

Learning from Washington State: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Clean Fuels Policy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Did you know that most voters strongly support Clean Fuel Standards? Check out this slide guide from ABLC from Tim Zenk, Principle at Molecule LLC

January 19, 2022 Read Full Article

Opinion: Clean Fuel Production Is Growing Sustainably

by Donnell Rehagen (National Biodiesel Board/Clean Fuels Alliance America/Agri/Pulse) America’s demand for cleaner, better fuels is growing. Washington state recently joined Oregon and California in launching a clean fuels program. New

January 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Clean Fuel Standards: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Low Carbon Fuels Coalition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) What clean fuel standards are on the horizon? Graham Noyes, Executive Director of the Low Carbon Fuels Coalition shared this illuminating slide guide on clean fuel

January 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuel Station Network for Trucks under Development in the US

(Cyclum/NGV Journal) Cyclum Renewables LLC announced plans to construct a national network of renewable fuel truck stops, with the goal to utilize 100% renewable natural gas, for real green fueling of

January 13, 2022 Read Full Article

Startup Developing Hydrogen-Powered Aviation to Open Facility in Everett

by Dominic Gates (Seattle Times) ZeroAvia, a startup with facilities in the U.K. and California that aims to integrate hydrogen fuel cells with electric motors to power zero-emission aircraft, said Tuesday

January 12, 2022 Read Full Article

Which Is More Important To Biofuels – The Soil Or The Crop?

by James Conca (Forbes) … Plants take carbon from the air, build cells, then release some of the carbon into the soil through roots and root exudates. Some have suggested that

January 11, 2022 Read Full Article

Carbon Negative Biofuels Can Build Soil and Rural Prosperity

by Chuck Hassebrook, David Laird and Jill Euken (The Gazette)  … That pathway is the Pyrolysis-Biochar-Bioenergy Platform, which produces biofuel and biochar by heating crop residue, grass, wood or other forms

January 10, 2022 Read Full Article

How Six States Could Transform the U.S. Trucking Industry

by Tom Whipple (Bloomberg)  The U.S. trucking industry is set to be transformed by a handful of states adopting zero-emission vehicle requirements. Oregon, Washington , New York, New Jersey and

January 7, 2022 Read Full Article

Megatrends in Sustainability Under the Microscope: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Nexant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Find out what Steven Slome from Nexant thinks is hot in biofuels, biochemicals and sustainability in this illuminating slide guide from ABLC 2021. From a

January 6, 2022 Read Full Article

Complete Global Guide: The Digest’s Biofuels Mandates Around the World 2022

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  65 countries have targets or mandates–how much, where, when and what?  READ MORE Commodities 2022: European biofuel mandates to structurally shift ethanol demand higher in

January 4, 2022 Read Full Article

Regulatory and Policy Analysis of Production, Development and Use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in the United States

Ekrem Korkut and Lara B. Fowler (Frontiers in Energy Research)  The United States, spurred in part by international developments, is expanding its law and policy to incentivize the use of

January 3, 2022 Read Full Article

In an East Coast First, New Jersey Will Phase out Diesel Trucks

by María Paula Rubiano A. (Grist)  New Jersey joins California, Oregon, and Washington in setting ambitious goals to electrify trucks by 2035. — The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

January 3, 2022 Read Full Article

Top 10 Predictions for the Advanced Bioeconomy in 2022

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we sail into 2022? Not the good ship Digest! Instead, we dust off our crystal ball and offer our

January 3, 2022 Read Full Article

Viewpoint: RD, Fuel Demand Weigh on California LCFS

by Elliott Blackburn (Argus Media) New low-carbon fuel supplies will add pressure in 2022 on California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) credits already trading near three-year lows. California this year recorded

December 30, 2021 Read Full Article

U.S. Reverses Trump Effort to Quash California Vehicle Emissions Rules

by David Shepardson (Reuters) The Biden administration on Tuesday finalized a reversal of a rule issued under then-U.S. President Donald Trump that sought to pre-empt California’s vehicle emissions regulations. The Department

December 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Bioheat Fuel: The Key to Gaining and Maintaining Market Share

by Charlie Uglietto (Cubby Oil & Energy/Mechanical Hub)  … There are better alternatives than electrification, and the best option we have available right now, at least for homes with an

December 17, 2021 Read Full Article

FAA Research Grants Aim to Tackle Aviation’s Massive Deficit of Greener Fuel

by Leslie Josephs (CNBC)  -Sustainable aviation fuel accounts for much less than 1% of global aviation fuel.  -The FAA is giving research grants in effect to help drive down the

December 11, 2021 Read Full Article

King County, Port of Seattle to Study Waste-to-Fuel Feasibility

(Port of Seattle/Biobased Diesel Daily) King County, Washington, and the Port of Seattle agreed mid-November to jointly study the potential for converting municipal solid waste into renewable fuels, including sustainable aviation

December 9, 2021 Read Full Article

The Economics of Poop for Creating Biofuels

by Asanga Padmaperuma (U.S. Department of Energy) Techno-economic analysis is the first to model PNNL technology across wastewater facilities — Wastewater—American households produce billions of gallons of it daily, from flushing toilets

December 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Arlington, OR Awarded Third BDO Zone Designation in North America

(BDO Zone)  Port of Portland, SkyNRG Americas and Ecostrat are pleased to announce the issuance of a new Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone (BDO Zone) designation for Arlington, Oregon. The ‘A’ Rating

December 6, 2021 Read Full Article

EPA Plan to Delay RFS Requirements Pt 2

(AgInfo/Washington State Farm Bureau Report) I’m Bob Larson. The ethanol industry claims the Biden administration could secure lower gas prices “almost immediately” if it allowed higher blends of corn ethanol,

December 2, 2021 Read Full Article

PNNL Bioenergy Team Releases Report on Path to Sustainable Aviation Fuel

by Mary Ann Showalter (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Bioenergy experts identify critical areas, opportunities for bringing technology to aviation industry  — A report has been published summarizing a workshop designed to

December 2, 2021 Read Full Article

EPA Misses Statutory Deadline to Release Renewable Volume Obligations under RFS

by Mark Dorenkamp (1430WCMY)  The EPA will miss its statutory deadline of November 30th to release Renewable Volume Obligations under the Renewable Fuel Standard.  U.S. Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa says not

December 1, 2021 Read Full Article

New International Collaboration Aims to Start Large-Scale Production of E-fuels in Sweden

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) A major partnership has been formed by SAS Scandinavian Airlines, Swedish energy company Vattenfall, Shell Aviation and LanzaTech to explore the large-scale production in Sweden

November 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Giant Pipeline in U.S. Midwest Tests Future of Carbon Capture

by Leah Douglas (Reuters) … The project, dubbed the Midwest Carbon Express, had ambitions to become the world’s largest carbon dioxide pipeline, moving climate-warming greenhouse gases from Midwest biofuels plants

November 24, 2021 Read Full Article

Northeast States Abandon Cap-and-Trade Plan for Cars

(E&E News)  The Transportation and Climate Initiative — a cap-and-trade program covering cars in three Northeastern states and the District of Columbia — was abandoned last week after Connecticut Gov.

November 23, 2021 Read Full Article

1st of Kind Project Near Tri-Cities May Pave Way for Global Greenhouse Solutions

by Steven Ashby (Tri-City Herald) …  Scientists at DOE’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are among those conducting research related to carbon capture and storage. Building on their first-of-its-kind demonstration project to inject

November 22, 2021 Read Full Article

DiviGas, Neste, Toyota, Ballard, COP26 Pledges, PNNL, NREL, Others Are Hot on Hydrogen

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) It’s been a hot week for hydrogen with DiviGas securing $3.6 million in seed funding for the commercialization of a new next-generation polymeric hydrogen separation

November 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Climate Solutions Will Require California Creativity

by Leticia Phillips (UNICA/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Successful programs like California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard and RenovaBio remind us that not all climate answers emanate from Capitol Hill. Absent consensus on

November 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Net Zero Horizons: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Boeing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  For more than a decade, Boeing has been a leader in developing sustainable transportation, including the fostering of the wave of technologies now available in 2021

November 17, 2021 Read Full Article

6 Automakers and 30 Countries Say They’ll Phase Out Gasoline Car Sales

by Brad Plumer and Hiroko Tabuchi (Wall Street Journal) Ford, G.M. and Mercedes agreed to work toward selling only zero-emissions vehicles by 2040. But Toyota, Volkswagen and Nissan-Renault did not join

November 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Closing the Gap in Renewable Energy – the Next 80%?

by Sergey Nuzhdin, Kristen Davis, Meredith Brooks, Ann Carpenter, Pierre Wensel, and Cindy Wilcox, (Cluster for Sustainable Seaweed Solutions (CS3)/Biofuels

November 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Electrofuels Advance: Vattenfall, SAS, Shell, LanzaTech, US Air Force, Emerging Fuels Technology and Twelve Advance on Power-to-Liquids via Waste CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s a simple idea, using renewable electricity to induce carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form a

November 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Biogas Now & Beyond

by Anna Simet  (Biomass Magazine) Market momentum, potential and policy were some of the main discussion topics at the virtual

November 8, 2021 Read Full Article

Alcohol-to-Diesel Drop-in Fuels: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech’s Winterized Diesel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Baby, it’s cold outside, and LanzaTech is working on a flexible Alcohol-to-Diesel process for producing

November 8, 2021 Read Full Article

U.S. DOE Announces $199 Million to Reduce Emissions from Cars & Trucks

(U.S. Department of Energy/Clean Technica)  25 Research, Development, and Demonstration Projects Will Advance Electrification of Freight Trucks, Reduce Vehicle Emissions

November 4, 2021 Read Full Article

SAS, Vattenfall, Shell and LanzaTech to Explore Synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(Vattenfall/CISION)  Vattenfall, SAS, Shell and LanzaTech will together investigate the production of the world’s first synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using the LanzaJetTM “Alcohol to Jet” technology

November 3, 2021 Read Full Article

Heard on the Floor at ABLC 2021 – Day 1

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ABLC 2021 opens this morning after an informal day of networking, but already the 500+ attendees

October 28, 2021 Read Full Article

Better Fuels & Better Vehicles: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This just released slide guide looks at the Co-optimization of Fuels & Engines initiative’s accomplishments,

October 19, 2021 Read Full Article

US Secretary of Energy Granholm and US Senator Ossoff Visit LanzaTech Innovation Hub in Georgia and Site of the World’s First LanzaJet Sustainable Fuels Plantl

(LanzaTech) Visit highlights the potential of rural America to create domestic supplies of sustainable fuels and chemicals. — LanzaTech and

October 12, 2021 Read Full Article

USDA Announces More Than $146M Investment in Sustainable Agricultural Research

(U.S. Department of Agriculture)  U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Secretary Tom Vilsack announced today an investment of more than $146 million

October 7, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Announces Nearly $8 Million for National Laboratory H2@Scale Projects to Help Reach Hydrogen Shot Goals

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Tthe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced nearly $8 million for nine cooperative projects that will

October 7, 2021 Read Full Article

Microsoft’s Million-Tonne CO2-Removal Purchase — Lessons for Net Zero

by Lucas Joppa , Amy Luers , Elizabeth Willmott , S. Julio Friedmann , Steven P. Hamburg & Rafael Broze

October 6, 2021 Read Full Article

California Spill Triggers New Calls against Drilling

by Matthew Choi (Politico’s Morning Energy)  … The California oil spill is drawing scrutiny in Washington, with the White House

October 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Tuatara Expands Alternative Fuel Options

(SSC North America)  SSC Enhances Sustainability, Flexibility, Accessibility  — SSC North America expands flexible-fuel capabilities of its powertrain assembly to meet

October 5, 2021 Read Full Article

bp Investing almost $270 Million to Improve Efficiency, Reduce Emissions and Grow Renewable Diesel Production at Cherry Point Refinery

(bp) Estimated to reduce refinery’s operational carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 160,000 tons per year, or seven percent; To double

October 5, 2021 Read Full Article

The Biden Administration to Ensure a Sustainable Future for Aviation: SkyNRG Americas and LanzaTech Secure DOE Funding to Produce SAF in the US

(LanzaTech)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office announced more than $64 million in funding for 22 projects focused on developing technologies

September 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Potential to Produce 5B Gallons of Sustainable Aviation Fuel from CO2

(LanzaTech)  LanzaTech and Argonne National Lab Awarded funding for Aviation Project in Georgia. — The White House set a goal of

September 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Biomass from Forest Restoration: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to PNNL Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Wildfires around the globe have been increasing but what about controlled fires? The U.S. Department

September 20, 2021 Read Full Article

Fighting Viruses with Algae

by Rebekah Orton (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Phys.Org)  …  Biologist Scott Edmundson, who has studied photosynthetic algal cultivation for bioproduct generation for

September 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Making Methane from CO2: Carbon Capture Grows More Affordable

by Brendan Bane (Pacific Norwest National Laboratory)  Methane made from CO2 and renewable hydrogen offers a new path toward cheaper

September 13, 2021 Read Full Article

Lignocellulosic Bagasse, Carinata, Pennycress, Guayule: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to SAF Feedstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There are challenges to sustainable aviation fuel commercialization, but the USDA SAF program is focused

September 7, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels Offer a Cost-Effective Way to Lower Shipping Emissions

(Argonne National Laboratory/Tech Xplore)  Marine shipping traffic has grown steadily over the past decade—and so have the associated greenhouse gas

September 6, 2021 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2

(Emerging Markets Online)  New study! Renewable Diesel & Sustainable Aviation Fuels 2030, Vol 2. (249 pages, August 2021) focuses on low-carbon

August 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Anchors Aweigh: Examining Biofuels for Maritime Shipping

by Tim Theiss (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) A multi-laboratory team of scientists led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is studying

August 25, 2021 Read Full Article

Minnesota Lawmakers Look to Low-Carbon Fuel Standards as a Way to Address Transportation Emissions

by Walker Orenstein (MinnPost)  Unlike the Clean Cars regulations — a controversial mandate from Gov. Tim Walz’s administration — the

August 25, 2021 Read Full Article

U.S. Department of Energy Announces $24 Million to Capture Carbon Emissions Directly From Air

(U.S. Department of Energy) Nine Research Projects Will Advance Cost-Effective Carbon Capture Technologies  — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $24

August 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Faster and Cheaper Ethanol-to-Jet-fuel on the Horizon

(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Phys.Org) A patented process for converting alcohol sourced from renewable or industrial waste gasses into jet or diesel

August 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Biogenic Carbon Fuels, Co-Processing Strategies: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Coprocessing Bio-oils in Refineries

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Leveraging existing refining infrastructure leverages billions US$ in CAPEX and 5 million bpd of crude

August 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Ethanol Producers Must Start Now to Support RFA’s Net-Zero Commitment

Donna Funk (KCoe Isom) How the Attainment of Net-Zero will Pay Off for Ethanol Plants in the Short- and Long-term

August 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Better Bioblendstocks for Cleaner Diesel Vehicles

by Trevor Smith (U.S. Department of Energy) … But new fuel blendstocks from biomass and waste resources, combined with advanced

August 4, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Announces Nearly $34 Million to Advance Waste and Algae Bioenergy Technology

(U.S. Department of Energy)  11 University- and Industry-Led Projects will Develop Biomass Resources to Convert to Low-Carbon Fuel for Planes

August 3, 2021 Read Full Article

Waste to Energy: Biofuel from Kelp Harvesting and Fish

by Kelsey Adkisson  (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Newswise)  Possibility of cheaper, greener fuel for remote, coastal Alaska communities —   Kelp is plentiful

August 3, 2021 Read Full Article

Renewable Diesel Project Developer GCEH Provides Preliminary Q2 Financials, Camelina Update

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Global Clean Energy Holdings Inc., the project developer retrofitting a petroleum refinery in Bakersfield,

August 3, 2021 Read Full Article

Fungus That Tastes Just Right: PNNL Researchers Study Plant Material in Soils that Offers Clues for Making Sustainable Bioproducts

by Allan Brettman (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) Discerning leaf-cutter ants know what food they like to eat. They turn up their

August 2, 2021 Read Full Article

The Rubbishing of Aviation, and the Search for Carbon-Negative Rubbish

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Where I come from, rubbish is used as a verb, meaning to denigrate, and there’s been

July 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Converting Renewable Electricity into Stable Molecules Could Provide Long-Term Energy Storage

by Beth Mundy (Tech Xplore/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  For renewable energy and energy storage technologies, variation is the name of the

July 29, 2021 Read Full Article

US Renewable Diesel Capacity Projected to Hit 5.1 Billion Gallons per Year by 2024

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Renewable diesel production capacity in the United States is forecast to grow from 600 million

July 27, 2021 Read Full Article

Boeing and JetBlue Invest to Grow Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production on US West Coast

by Mark Pilling (GreenAir Online) Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production on the US West Coast has been boosted with the announcement

July 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Boeing and SkyNRG Partner to Scale Sustainable Aviation Fuels Globally

(Boeing)  – Partnership builds on Boeing’s industry leadership and SkyNRG’s pioneering approach to scaling SAF demand and supply – Boeing

July 15, 2021 Read Full Article

Using Cycloalkanes for Jet Fuel: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Ethanol-Derived Jet Blending Components

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) LanzaTech, Purdue and PNNL are working together to develop a commercially viable process to convert

July 14, 2021 Read Full Article

California’s LCFS Is Successfully Proliferating. Is It Also Successfully Decarbonizing Transport?

by Kendra Seymour (Stillwater Associates) As explained in our LCFS 101 Beginner’s Guide and LCFS 101 Update articles, California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) aims

July 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Weather-Resistant Crops: the Bioenergy Fuel of the Future

(Bio Market Insights) …  Finding a way to increase crop yields without encroaching on either food crops or natural habitats is

July 7, 2021 Read Full Article

Alaska Aims to Become ‘Most Fuel-Efficient’ US Airline: CEO

by Pilar Wolfsteller (Flight Global)  Alaska Airlines is aiming to become the most fuel-efficient US airline in the next five years,

July 7, 2021 Read Full Article

DOE Researchers Examine Biofuels for Maritime Shipping

(U.S. Department of Energy/Biomass Magazine) A multi-laboratory team of scientists led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory is studying the feasibility of

June 30, 2021 Read Full Article

Hydrothermal Processing: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Algal Based Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Dan Anderson from Pacific Northwest National Lab shared this illuminating slide guide at BETO’s Peer

June 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Biden Hits Roadblocks on Path to Low-Carbon Economy

by James Osborne (Houston Chronicle) … The decision by a Louisiana federal judge Wednesday requiring the Department of Interior to

June 18, 2021 Read Full Article

At Scale Feedstock Blending Optimization: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Waste-To-Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What if we could build a biorefinery in every state and divert all 76 million

June 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) from Liquefaction

by John Holladay and Zia Haq (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and U.S. DOE, Bioenergy Technologies Office) In November 2020, PNNL

June 8, 2021 Read Full Article

On-Site Hydrogen Production Technology Accelerates to Market

by Susan Bauer (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  California hydrogen fueling stations could soon benefit from lower cost approach —  A new

June 7, 2021 Read Full Article

Grassley, Cantwell Introduce Legislation to Support Biodiesel Industry

(Office of Senator Chuck Grassley (R-IA))   Sens. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.) today introduced legislation to support the

May 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Roadmap Lays out Path to Renewable Hydrogen Growth in the Pacific Northwest

by David Wagman (PV Magazine)  The plan calls to “lead with projects” that produce renewable hydrogen and deliver it to

May 21, 2021 Read Full Article

Fueling a Renewable Future

by Trevor Hoag (The Iola Register)  Kansas Gov. Laura Kelly toured the East Kansas Agri-Energy ethanol plant in Garnett on

May 21, 2021 Read Full Article

Velocys Provides Update on US, UK Biorefinery Rrojects

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) Velocys provided an update on its proposed commercial-scale U.K. and U.S. biorefinery projects in its 2020

May 19, 2021 Read Full Article

More Research to Back the Bills: University of Nebraska Researchers Have Proven E30 Is Safe

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine) University of Nebraska Researchers have proven E30 is safe for long-term use in non-flex

May 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Inslee Signs Bill to Implement CFS in Washington

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Washington Gov. Jay Inslee on May 17 signed legislation that will create a state-wide Clean

May 18, 2021 Read Full Article

U.S. Department of Energy Invests $35 Million to Dramatically Reduce Carbon Footprint of Biofuel Production

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today (May 14, 2021) announced $35 million in funding that will

May 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Yara Enters Carbon Markets, Introduces Agoro

by Margy Eckelkamp (AgWeb)  With farmers already registered in Iowa, Nebraska and Washington, Yara officially announces its carbon marketplace, Agoro Carbon

May 14, 2021 Read Full Article

Department of Energy Selects Four Projects to Move Co-Optimized Biofuels and Combustion Engines Closer to Market

(U.S. Department of Energy) Today, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced the selection of four projects totaling $1 million

May 10, 2021 Read Full Article

The Co-Optima FY20 Year in Review Spotlights Recent Engine and Fuel Innovations.

(U.S. Department of Energy) A report released this week highlights the most significant breakthroughs of the last year in the U.S. Department of

May 10, 2021 Read Full Article

Biden Faces Pressure to Drive Gasoline and Diesel Cars out of the US

by Oliver Milman (The Guardian)  Joe Biden’s administration, seeking deep cuts to planet-heating emissions, is facing pressure to take a previously

May 4, 2021 Read Full Article

Washington State Passes Low-Carbon Clean Fuel Standard — Establishing a ‘Clean Fuel Coast’ from San Diego to the Klondike Gateway

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington state, HB 1091. the Clean Fuel Standard has been passed by the legislature and

April 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Washington State to Ban Sales of New Gas-Powered Cars

(NACS)  The target is 2030, and the plan hinges on adoption of a vehicle-miles-traveled tax.  —  Last week, Washington state lawmakers

April 20, 2021 Read Full Article

Coprocessing at Diesel Refinery: bp Products, North America — Cherry Point Refinery | Blaine, Washington

(EcoEngineers) bp’s Cherry Point Refinery is the first refinery in the Pacific Northwest capable of manufacturing diesel made from biomass-based feedstocks, which

April 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Greasezilla Partners with Next Generation of Pumpers to Install Greasezilla FOG Separation Systems in Key Cities

(Greasezilla)  Greasezilla is investing $1 million per facility in joint ventures to build FOG processing facilities nationwide. — Downey Ridge Environmental

April 5, 2021 Read Full Article

A Better Way to Recycle CFRP: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Mild Chemical Recycling of Thermoset Composites

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From current carbon fiber recycling methods to the way of the future– mild chemical recycling

April 2, 2021 Read Full Article

Biocrude Passes the 2,000-hour Catalyst Stability Test

by Karyn Hede (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Sewage and food waste biocrude conversion process reaches major milestone — A large-scale

March 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Northwest Advanced Bio-Fuels Secures Construction Equity Commitment MOU for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Project in Washington State

(Northwest Advanced Bio-Fuels/BusinessWire) Stonepeak Infrastructure Partners, a leading independent investment firm with a long history of supporting critical North American

March 25, 2021 Read Full Article

Researchers Are Turning Kitchen Waste into Biofuels

by Steven Ashby (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) … As part of advancing sustainable energy solutions, scientists at the Department of

March 24, 2021 Read Full Article

New Clean Energy Process Converts Methane to Hydrogen with Zero Carbon Dioxide Emissions

by Lynne Roeder (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  Novel bimetallic catalyst also yields valuable solid carbon co-products for manufacturing industries  — 

March 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Two States Tax Some Drivers by the Mile. Many More Want to Give It a Try.

by Ian Duncan (Washington Post)  … Widespread production of hydrogen-powered cars has not come to pass, but GM is eyeing an

March 22, 2021 Read Full Article

Fuel Industry Experts Share Expectations for 2021

by Steve Klein (C Store Decisions/Renewable Energy Group) … The transportation industry will be a key factor in reaching those

March 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Characteristics of the Soil in Biofuel Crop Fields Affect Its Potential to Store Carbon

(NewsWise) Microbiome and soil chemistry at long-term bioenergy research sites challenge the idea that switchgrass increases carbon accrual in surface

March 16, 2021 Read Full Article

A Large PR Firm Pledged to Fight Climate Change. Then It Took Millions from a Notorious Fossil Fuel Trade Group.

by Zahra Hirji and Kendall Taggart (BuzzFeed News) Edelman, a PR firm that’s pledged to “work with an environmental conscience,”

March 15, 2021 Read Full Article

5 Key Tech Takeaways: Highlights from Tech Presented at ABLC 2020

by Iacovos Vasalos (Center for Research and Technology-Hellas/Biofuels Digest) This report summarizes highlights from the ABLC 2020 Biofuels Digest Virtual Conference,

March 10, 2021 Read Full Article

PNNL Energy Sciences Center Will Help Realize Clean Energy Future

by Casey Knopik (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) New facility will foster research collaborations to accelerate scientific discovery and technological innovation

March 8, 2021 Read Full Article

News Release: Groundbreaking Research into White-Rot Fungi Proves Its Value in Carbon Sequestration from Lignin

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) A foundational study conducted by scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) shows for the first

March 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Washington State Clean Fuel Standard Bill Passes House, Heads to Senate

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) News came in late Friday from Washington state that the state House passed Bill1091 –

March 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Researchers Are Turning Kitchen Waste into Biofuels

by Steven Ashby (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory/Phys.Org) When we eat, our bodies convert food into energy that fuels our lives. But

February 24, 2021 Read Full Article

Washington State University Pyrolysis and Biochar Publications

(U.S. Biochar Initiative) Visit this page for an index to a number of high quality biochar research reports and publications

February 17, 2021 Read Full Article

50 Renewable Diesel Projects and the Technologies Behind Them

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Renewable diesel, all 9 billion gallons built, under construction, in planning – Take a deep dive

February 9, 2021 Read Full Article

British Airways Fuels Its Future with Second Sustainable Aviation Fuel Partnership

(LanzaTech/LanzaJet)  British Airways is investing in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) technology provider and SAF producer LanzaJet as the company builds its

February 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Getting to Neutral Carbon: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon Drawdown

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s A.J. Simon shared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC 2020 to

January 19, 2021 Read Full Article

DigestData DeepDive into Renewable Energy Group

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Renewable Energy Group is the largest operator of renewable diesel and biodiesel plants in the US,

January 8, 2021 Read Full Article

Carbon Intensity Is Important for Renewable Fuels Investments

by Dave Collings (1898 & Co./Burns & McDonnell) As developers, investors and plant operators explore options to increase production and market

December 21, 2020 Read Full Article

SAF Takes-off to the Next Level – United’s Bold SAF Commitment, Boeing, Etihad Airways, World Energy’s 50/50 Blend, Gevo’s SAF in Seattle

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … In today’s Digest, United Airlines ambitious goal by investing in sustainable fuels and

December 21, 2020 Read Full Article

Growth in Carbon Neutral RNG Spotlights Debate on Electric- vs. Renewable-Powered Trucks

by Linda Baker (FreightWaves)  Renewable natural gas volumes and carbon benefits are on the rise  —  … FreightWaves spoke to

December 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Inslee Proposes His Latest Climate-Change Package as Part of Washington Budget

by Joseph O’Sullivan (Seattle Times)  … One of the largest pieces of the proposal is a low-carbon fuel standard for transportation

December 16, 2020 Read Full Article

5 Reasons Clean Fuel Standards Are the Secret Key to Decarbonizing Transportation

by Jeremy Martin (Union of Concerned Scientists) Clean Fuel Standards like the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) have been around for more

December 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Sessions of BBEST 2020-21 / Biofuture Summit II Organized Virtually This Year

by Nathália Fernandes Pimentel* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  From 30th November to 3rd December this year, the BBEST / Biofuture Summit

December 4, 2020 Read Full Article

The Secret Ingredient for Super Speed? Ethanol

by John Herath (AgWeb) The headlines were head-turning: an American made supercar had punched through the 300 mph barrier on a

November 30, 2020 Read Full Article
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ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae 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NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper 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renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable 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Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka 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synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade 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