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USGC: Roadshow Finds Iberian Market Potential for DDGS, Sorghum

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) With six members along to share their expertise, the U.S. Grains Council conducted a robust, week-long roadshow through Spain and Portugal in October to promote U.S. sorghum and containerized dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to key importers and trading companies involved in the Spanish and

December 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Butanol International Patent Application Published

(SilicoLife) SilicoLife’s international patent application for biological production of n-butanol has been published.  —  SilicoLife announced that the company’s international (PCT) patent application for “Method for n-butanol production using heterologous expression of anaerobic pathways” was published on October 3, 2019, under publication number WO 2019/185843. Butanol is a 4-carbon alcohol generally used

October 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Streamlining the Biofuel Production Process

(European Commission)  The production of biofuels like ethanol from non-food biomass is a lucrative prospect for the agricultural sector. However, due to the complexity and expense of the large-scale industrial process currently needed to produce such biofuels, they remain out of reach for many small-scale farmers. To change this, the EU-funded

July 2, 2019 Read Full Article
    5th Ibero-American Congress on Entrepreneurship, Energy, Environment and Technology – CIEEMAT — September 11-13, 2019 — Portalegre, Portugal

5th Ibero-American Congress on Entrepreneurship, Energy, Environment and Technology – CIEEMAT — September 11-13, 2019 — Portalegre, Portugal

The 5th Ibero-American Congress on Entrepreneurship, Energy, Environment and Technology – CIEEMATis a forum for discussion and creation of synergies among different students, professors, researchers and professionals to favor the development of Entrepreneurship, Energy, Environment and Technology. The challenges of higher education for the 21st century, such as the centralization of educational

April 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Assocação Clarifies that 80% of Biodiesel in Portugal Does Not Have Palm Oil

(Ojogo (Google translation)) The Portuguese Association of Biofuel Producers, which accounts for 80% of biodiesel incorporated in diesel in Portugal, said today that none of its member companies uses palm oil in the production of its biofuels. On Monday, environmental protesters focused on European Commission representations in several European capitals,

January 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Portuguese Government Launches Climate Plan With Ambitious Carbon-Neutral Target

by B. Lana Guggenheim (South EU Summit) Electricity market reforms are key to achieving the Portuguese government’s 2040 target of producing 90% of energy demand from renewables, according to a newly released report. Currently, the market is too volatile. … Part of Portugal’s aims include total decarbonisation of public transportation. Portugal will rely on

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Researchers at IT Tralee Secure over €1.2m in Funding for Research in Bioeconomy and Marine Sectors.

(Institute of Technology Tralee) Institute of Technology Tralee has been awarded €1.26 million in new funding to partner in two new research initiatives. This brings to over €11m the total value of research grants secured by IT Tralee from competitive national and EU funding bodies in the past 12 months.

December 13, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuels and Electromobility Are Key in Portugal’s Transport Decarbonisation

by Sarantis Michalopoulos  (EurActiv)  EURACTIV.com interviewed José Mendes, Portuguese First Secretary of State for Mobility – Environment and Energy Transition, on the sidelines of COP24 climate talks in Katowice, Poland —   … Last week, the Portuguese government presented a plan which aims to make the Mediterranean country carbon-neutral by 2050. The plan

December 10, 2018 Read Full Article

Brain Regeneration, Data Storage with Biocomputers, Plastic from Waste Gases, Bamboo Diapers, Gene-Edited Wheat, Jackets from Bison Fluff : The Digest’s Top 10 Innovations for the Week of November 29th

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The pace of bioeconomy invention and change continues at a frenetic pace. Here are the top innovations for the week of November 29th. … #3 Munich researchers use algae to convert waste gas to carbon fiber In Germany, researchers at the Technical University of Munich are

November 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Weaker RINs Lure Gasoline Shipping into US East Coast Ports: Sources

(Hellenic Shipping News)  A decline in the US obligation for biofuels has prompted an increase in imports from Canada and Europe into the Atlantic Coast, according to market sources and federal government data. The renewable fuels obligation for a gallon of imported gasoline has fallen from 2.29 cents/gal October 3 to

November 14, 2018 Read Full Article

RNG Coalition Member Milestone Underscores Industry Growth

by Betsy Lillian (NGT News)  With the addition of eight new members in September and October, the Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas (RNG Coalition) now represents more than 150 member companies and organizations. The RNG Coalition – a trade association representing the North American renewable natural gas (RNG) industry – began

November 6, 2018 Read Full Article
    9th European Algae Industry Summit — April 10-11, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal

9th European Algae Industry Summit — April 10-11, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal

This new edition will focus on how to market the various algae-based products & applications, with case studies from key actors of each segments bringing forward their experience. The conference will also take an in-depth look into two important themes: how can the industry work together towards standardisation & regulation

October 15, 2018 Read Full Article
    CALL FOR PAPERS: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition — May 27-30, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal DEADLINE: November 5, 2018

CALL FOR PAPERS: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition — May 27-30, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal DEADLINE: November 5, 2018

A leading platform for the biomass specialists  — The conference programme will address topics from biomass to bioliquids and biofuels for heat and electricity, transport and biobased products. It will cover all aspects of each value chain, from supply and logistics to conversion technologies, from industrial application of research results

September 14, 2018 Read Full Article
    European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (EUBCE) — May 27-30, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal

European Biomass Conference and Exhibition (EUBCE) — May 27-30, 2019 — Lisbon, Portugal

A leading platform for the biomass specialists  — The conference programme will address topics from biomass to bioliquids and biofuels for heat and electricity, transport and biobased products. It will cover all aspects of each value chain, from supply and logistics to conversion technologies, from industrial application of research results

August 31, 2018 Read Full Article

Earnings Season: as Novozymes, DSM, Amyris, Gevo, Corbion, and Aemetis Report, Who’s up, Who’s down?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In today’s Digest, let’s look at trends driving the industry’s results at scale — and while money is not the measure of all progress, it is the ultimate yardstick and especially for companies that have reached industrial scale. So, let’s look at Q2 earnings statements now

August 17, 2018 Read Full Article

A New Lithium War Is About To Begin

by James Stafford (OilPrice.com)  It’s the modern gold rush. Around the world, the most sought-after mineral isn’t a precious metal, nor is it oil and gas…it’s lithium. Lithium, or “white petroleum” as some call it, has become a crucial element in today’s high-tech economy. Demand for lithium is soaring, and producers are frantically searching

April 25, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Bioeconomy Potential of Portugal, Romania and Poland Profiled in New BIC Country Reports

(Bio-based Industries Consortium)  The Bio-based Industries Consortium (BIC) has published three new Country Reports mapping the potential and identifying opportunities for expanding the bio-based industry in Poland, Portugal and Romania. Poland’s bioeconomy sector is focused on agriculture, forestry and food processing, areas which are already central to the country’s economy. Bio-based industrial activities feature prominently in its

March 20, 2018 Read Full Article

Five Petrol Station Operators Sell Illegal Diesel

(The Portugal News Online)  Five petrol station operators in Portugal that import diesel from Spain are not adding the correct amount of biofuel required by law, leading to a loss to the state of €48 million.   —  …  The Portuguese Association of Oil Companies (APETRO) also told the newspapers that “the state

February 5, 2018 Read Full Article

Alkol Biotech Agrees to Supply 500,000 Tonnes of Biomass to Europe’s ‘Largest’ Biorefinery

(Biofuel International)  Alkol Biotech and Bio Refinery Development have signed a letter of intent (LOI) for the sourcing of up to 500 thousand tonnes of non-woody lignocellulosic biomass for what would be Europe’s ‘largest’ biorefinery. UK based Alkol Biotech adapts plant varieties to grow in colder and drier climates, have better

January 12, 2018 Read Full Article

Wide Range of Issues Covered at Argus Biofuels Conference

by Liz Gyekye (Biofuels International)  New ethanol market developments, legislation and trading were just some of the themes analysed at this year’s Argus Biofuels conference. The conference, which is taking place in London at the Jumeirah Carlton Tower over three days, focused on the topic of ethanol on 17 October, 2017. Mark

October 18, 2017 Read Full Article

These Countries Want to Ban Gas and Diesel Cars

by Alanna Petroff (CNN) China, the world’s largest car market, is working on a plan to ban the production and sale of vehicles powered only by fossil fuels.  It has plenty of company: India, France, Britain and Norway want to ditch gas and diesel cars in favor of cleaner vehicles. In Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel has

October 13, 2017 Read Full Article

Video Tour of Portugal’s Algafarm

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Portuguese cement facility, Secil, and microalgae biotechnology company, A4F, also based in Portugal, have formed AlgaFarm, a joint venture to develop the use of cement factory flue gas in microalgae production. The industrial production facility is the expansion of a pilot plant that has been running for two

October 13, 2017 Read Full Article

How Gold Can Recycle Biofuel Waste into Useful Additive

(Phys.Org/Tomsk Polytechnic University)  Gold nanoparticles serve as catalysts for obtaining valuable chemical products based on glycerol. Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University and their international colleagues are developing gold catalysts to recycle one of the main byproducts of biofuel production. The obtained products are in high demand in medicine, agriculture, the

May 23, 2017 Read Full Article

Reverdia, Gingko BioWorks, Rennovia, Leaf Resources, Mango Materials Take Top Slots in The 40 Hottest Emerging Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy 2016-17

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   In Florida, Reverdia took the #1 spot in the 2016 “40 Hottest Emerging Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy” rankings, published today in The Digest and Nuu, the world’s most widely-read advanced bioeconomy dailies. Last year, Reverdia ranked #12. Gingko BioWorks (#2), Rennovia (#3), Leaf Resources (#4),

November 4, 2016 Read Full Article

European Commission Slams Portugal for Failing to Comply with the RED

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, the European Commission has sent to Portugal a reasoned opinion urging the Member State to ensure the full compliance of its biofuel legislation with the Renewable Energy Directive. The Directive sets the objective of reaching a 20% share of renewable energy in the

May 4, 2016 Read Full Article
  5th International Seaweed Conference — September 27-28, 2016 — Aveiro, Portugal

5th International Seaweed Conference — September 27-28, 2016 — Aveiro, Portugal

SAVE THE DATE   READ MORE

April 7, 2016 Read Full Article

Drop-In Renewable Fuels, Competitive with $30 Oil: The Digest’s 20-Slide Guide to the Correia Process

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Germany and Portugal, a new drop-in biofuels process has emerged which is cost compettive with $30 oil, according to the inventors. The process breaks even with crude oil, on an 10-year amortized basis for capex, at roughly $20.30 per barrel of crude oil (assuming

February 10, 2016 Read Full Article

A New, Renewable, Drop-In, Waste-Based Fuel Emerges, Competitive with $30 Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Out of the EU comes a biogasoline blendstock made from waste residues in a novel process that promises to radically slash the cost of bioconversion. The Digest reports. In Germany and Portugal, a new drop-in biofuels process has emerged which is cost competitive with $30

February 10, 2016 Read Full Article
  Algae Europe — December 1-3, 2015 — Lisbon, Portugal

Algae Europe — December 1-3, 2015 — Lisbon, Portugal

ALGAE EUROPE 2015 reunites ALGAE EUROPE brings together the 2nd EABA and EC Algae Contractor´ Conference and the 9th International Algae Congress. The Conference is organized by EABA, the European Commission and DLG BENELUX. The Conference is organized from 1-3 December 2015 in the Sana Lisboa hotel in Lisbon, Portugal.

September 24, 2015 Read Full Article

Biofuels Capacity to Grow to 61 BGY in 2018

(Lux Research/MarketWired)  Ethanol and Biodiesel Continue Their Domination but Remain Relatively Flat, While Novel Fuels and Novel Feedstocks Grow at Double-Digit Rates, Says Lux Research Global biofuels capacity will grow to 61 billion gallons per year (BGY) in 2018, up from 55.1 BGY in 2014. Ethanol and biodiesel will continue

September 22, 2015 Read Full Article

Algae Fuel, Algae Research Clusters: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to BIOFAT

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  BIOFAT is a microalgae-to-biofuel FP7 demonstration project that integrates the entire value chain of algae process from optimized growth, starch and oil accumulation, to downstream processing (biorefinery) including biofuel production . The BIOFAT approach integrates and scales up complementary technologies and skills from each partner

September 21, 2015 Read Full Article

Is HVO the Holy Grail of the World Biodiesel Market?

(Greenea)  Overcapacity, shortage of sustainable feedstock, blending wall… they all contribute to the increasingly challenging situation on the biodiesel market in Europe. At the same time, new HVO investments start to pop up like mushrooms after a rain. But can this be the golden mean to what is happening in

September 8, 2015 Read Full Article
  8th Biofuels International Conference September 22-24, 2015 Porto, Portugal

8th Biofuels International Conference September 22-24, 2015 Porto, Portugal

This year’s event is in association with biodiesel production equipment specialist IncBio. The company supplies biodiesel plants across Europe, incorporating some of the most advanced and efficient technologies in the world. On day one of the event delegates will get a chance to see this for themselves. Day two and

January 20, 2015 Read Full Article

Innovative Integrated Microalgae Cultivation to Be Demonstrated at One-Hectare Unit in Southern Portugal

(Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research)   A consortium of biotechnology experts, including experts of Wageningen UR, has started to build a one-hectare pilot unit for the production of microalgae in Portugal. This unit will demonstrate an innovative integrated approach to produce microalgae biomass with biodiesel validation in a sustainable manner.

December 23, 2014 Read Full Article

New Council of International Biotech Associations Formed

(Biotechnology Industry Organization)  An international confederation of biotechnology trade associations announced today the ratification of bylaws creating the International Council of Biotechnology Associations (ICBA), with the expressed purpose of advocating for public policies that support the growth of the innovative biotechnology industry worldwide. Jim Greenwood, BIO’s President and Chief Executive

July 22, 2014 Read Full Article

IncBio Has Delivered a 120,000MT/Year Ultrasonic Reactor for South America

(IncBio) IncBio, a leading Portuguese engineering company, who specializes in state of the art, fully automated ultrasonic Biodiesel plants, has delivered a 120,000MT per year ultrasonic transesterification reactor to be installed in South America. The reactor will be used in an existing plant originally supplied by one of the largest biodiesel

July 1, 2014 Read Full Article

InteSusAl Project Building One-Hectare Demo Unit

(Algae Industry Magazine) The InteSusAl Consortium of biotechnology experts has started building a one-hectare unit in Southern Portugal that will demonstrate an innovative integrated approach to produce microalgae biomass with biodiesel validation in a sustainable manner. The demonstration pilot unit is one of the milestones expected from the Integrated Sustainable Algae (InteSusAl)

May 22, 2014 Read Full Article

Research Cutting Biodiesel Water Usage

(Process Engineering)  Scientists at the University of Porto are currently developing water-free methods to produce biodiesel using waste vegetable oils, animal fats and fatty wastes derived from industrial processes. Traditional methods of biodiesel production use large volumes of water to remove impurities or “soaps” in order to meet stringent quality

March 25, 2014 Read Full Article
  Algae for Value Added Applications – 15 Years Down the Road – What Have We Achieved? What Technology Can Make It Work? June 12-13, 2014 Lisbon, Portugal

Algae for Value Added Applications – 15 Years Down the Road – What Have We Achieved? What Technology Can Make It Work? June 12-13, 2014 Lisbon, Portugal

In this program, Smart Short Courses joins forces with Algae entrepreneur Dr. Koen Van Houtte. This is the 5th Algae Technology program after four successful editions in Europe (May 2011), San Diego, CA (April 2012), Europe (Dec 2012) and Phoenix AZ (June 2013) Program AVAILABLE SOON. The competely new program

March 6, 2014 Read Full Article

From the Sea to the Pump: Is Kelp a Viable Biofuel?

by Bruce Dorminey (RenewableEnergyWorld.com)  Brown kelp macroalgae — the strange, foul-smelling seaweed so often found washed up on the Pacific Northwest’s volcanic sand beaches — could ultimately offer an almost unlimited global supply of commercial-quality ethanol  or biomethane. … Although in the U.S. the idea of macroalgae for energy production is

March 4, 2014 Read Full Article

Algae Research Gives Hope for Renewable Carbon-Negative Source of Food and Medicines

(University of Greenwich)  Bright pink-orange microalgae found in salt lakes and coastal waters could become a renewable source of food, plastics, health products and fuel as a result of new research announced this week. The University of Greenwich is leading a €10m international project to develop the microalga Dunaliella as a sustainable

February 20, 2014 Read Full Article

12 MMgy Ultrasonic Biodiesel Facility Planned for Saudi Arabia

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Portugal-based biodiesel technology provider Incbio announced it has signed an agreement with Saudi Arabia-based Bio Renewable Energy Factory to supply a 40,000 ton per year (12 MMgy) ultrasonic biodiesel refinery. BREF plans to use animal fats from the Saudi rendering industry.  READ MORE

February 6, 2014 Read Full Article

An Enzymatic Route to H2 Storage

by Inês A. C. Pereira  (Science Magazine)  Electricity is increasingly produced from renewable sources, but it remains difficult to store electric power at a large scale. Hydrogen is a strong candidate for energy storage, but there is still no safe, economically viable, and reasonably sized solution to store and transport it.

December 13, 2013 Read Full Article

New Biodiesel Facility for Tunisia

(Biofuels International)  Incbio, a Portugal-based biodiesel technology provider, has signed a contract with Biokast Energy to supply an 8,000 tonne capacity a year ultrasonic biodiesel plant for installation in Tunisia, North Africa. The pair expect the plant, to be located in Tunis, to be completed in January 2014 with local

September 19, 2013 Read Full Article

Algae Aquaculture for Bioethanol Production

(The Fish Site)  A team of European scientists is on a mission to prove that microalgae can be used to produce bioethanol as a biofuel for less than €0.40 a litre. … The EU-funded project DEMA (‘Direct Ethanol from MicroAlgae’) is focusing on cyanobacteria – a microalgae found in almost every

September 19, 2013 Read Full Article

New Biodiesel Facility for Tunisia

(Biofuels International)  Incbio, a Portugal-based biodiesel technology provider, has signed a contract with Biokast Energy to supply an 8,000 tonne capacity a year ultrasonic biodiesel plant for installation in Tunisia, North Africa. The pair expect the plant, to be located in Tunis, to be completed in January 2014 with local

September 13, 2013 Read Full Article

Enerfuel's 7.5 MMgy Biodiesel Plant in Portugal Begins Operations

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  After years in the works, Enerfuel S.A.’s 25,000 ton (7.5 MMgy) multifeedstock biodiesel plant in Sines, Portugal, has officially begun production. … The newly operational biodiesel refinery is using animal fats and used cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock.  READ MORE

July 22, 2013 Read Full Article

National Associations Refuse Commission’s Proposal on iLUC

(Asociación de Productores de Energías Renovables Biocarburantes – Spain; Associação Portuguesa de Produtores de Biocombustíveis – Portugal; Krajowa Izba Biopaliw – Poland; Renewable Energy Association – United Kingdom; Verband der Deutschen Biokraftstoffindustrie – Germany)  We support the current target of 10 per cent of all transport energy to come from renewable sources. It is

April 30, 2013 Read Full Article

Camelina on the Move: Global Clean Energy Holdings Acquires Sustainable Oils

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In California, Global Clean Energy Holdings announced that it has acquired Sustainable Oils, a leader in Camelina genetics and production. The acquisition includes 100% ownership interest of Sustainable Oils and the ownership of the key intellectual property and operational assets. Camelina is the only non-food based

March 15, 2013 Read Full Article

INCBIO Has Secured an Order for the Supply of an 8,000MT/year High FFA Biodiesel Plant from Green Energy Group Limited in Hong Kong

(INCBIO)  Incbio, a leading Portuguese engineering company, who specializes in state of the art fully automated industrial ultrasonic Biodiesel plants, has signed a contract with Biofuel Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green Energy Group Limited, a public company whose shares are listed on the main board of The Stock Exchange

March 1, 2013 Read Full Article
  European Biodiesel 2013 June 12-13 Lisbon, Portugal

European Biodiesel 2013 June 12-13 Lisbon, Portugal

Reviewing the Latest Technologies, Policies & Strategies Shaping the Future of First & Advanced Generation Biodiesel & Bio-Oil Derived Jet Fuel in Europe A unique and highly-focused event, ACI’s 6th annual European Biodiesel conference will comprise two days of formal presentations, interactive panel discussions and excellent networking opportunities, providing an open

February 11, 2013 Read Full Article

Algarve University Develops Bio Ethanol Using Carobs

(The Portugal News Online)  Researchers from the University of the Algarve have presented a pioneering research project in which bio ethanol was produced from carobs. Researcher Maria Emília Costa from the Centre of Marine and Environmental Research at the University of the Algarve (UAlg), and project coordinator Sara Fernandes, presented

January 15, 2013 Read Full Article

Incbio Awarded Biodiesel Plant Contract for a Norwegian Client

(OpenPR)  Incbio (www.incbio.com), a leading company in design, build and start-up of biodiesel plants with state of the art ultrasonic reactor technology has been awarded a contract to supply a turnkey transesterification unit for N3Pharma AS, a leading Norwegian pharmaceutical and nutraceutical company. Designed to transesterify a total capacity of

July 18, 2012 Read Full Article

Portugal’s Galp Energia to Head up Scientific Project in Mozambique

(Macau Hub)  Portuguese group Galp Energia plans to head up a project for second generation biofuel produced using cultivated jatropha in Mozambique, the Portuguese press reported. The project, which is projected to cost 2 million euros, is 50 percent funded by the Fund for Support to Innovation of the Energy

February 8, 2012 Read Full Article

European Commission Funds Global Project to Produce Ethanol, Biodiesel and Bioproducts from Algae

(PR-Inside)  Nine partners from seven countries have joined in an innovative project to show that ethanol, biodiesel and bioproducts can be produced from algae on a large scale. The BIOfuel From Algae Technologies (BIOFAT) project, largely funded by the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Program, aims to demonstrate that biofuels made from microalgae can

May 24, 2011 Read Full Article

Algae Holds Promise as Renewable Fuel — Just Not Yet

by Abby Schultz  (CNBC.com)  …“There’s a significant amount of capital required for algal oil producers to scale up to commercial meaningful quantities,” says Jim Rekoske, general manager at Honeywell’s UOP division, which provides technologies to the gas processing, refining and petrochemical industry. Still, several privately held companies as well as academic

April 28, 2011 Read Full Article

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carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon i Carbon Intensity (CI) carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon price carbon recycling carbon sequestration carbon sink carbon tax carbon tax-and-dividend carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata/brassica carinata carob cashew cashew apple CASI CAS Registry Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis CH pathway cattle cavitation cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile China chitin CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location co-operative Co-op Extension co-processing co-products CO2 Sequestration coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) coastal habitat conservation coastal hay Coast Guard cobalt cock's foot cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold-tolerance cold flow college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG / R-CNG) compression-ignition engine compression ratios computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmet cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crimes Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs dairy waste dandelion DARPA date palm date palm pits Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Delaware DeltaWing demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices diethyl ether Digital Biology dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillation distilled biodiesel distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME (dimethyl ether) Dominican Republic double cropping Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dual cropping Dubai duckweed E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 price E12 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E78 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecuador ED95 education educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity price electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador embargo emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) end user Energy Bill energy cane energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England entrepreneur environment Environmentalists environmental justice environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) enzymatic conversion enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes Enzyme solicitation EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) externalities extremophiles f F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) French fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green chemistry green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing GREET model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guinea Gulf states Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) HFS-SIP hibiscus High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway funds highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horse bedding horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrofaction Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indone Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map internal combustion engine International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa Kuwait Kygryzstan labels Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Lab National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter power-to-gas prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smokestack soap social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar-to-fuels solar biofuels solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solid oxide fuel cell Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve straw students sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugar cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tung tunicate Tunisia Turkey Uganda UK (United Kingdom) Ukraine UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations (UN) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urbanization urban sprawl Uruguay USAC US Agency for International Development (USAID) USAID US Army USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used railroad ties US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission Utah utility model Uzbekistan value chain vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils Velocys Venezuela Vermont video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volunteers waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste water water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water pollution water quality water treatment weather well-to-wheel West Africa Western Australia West Java West Virginia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheatgrass wheat prices wheat straw whey whisky White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellow grease yellowhorn tree Yemen yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites Zimbabwe zinc

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