SAVE THE DATE The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid and solid biofuels. READ MORE
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(Agora Verkehrswende) According to a new report, CO2 emissions from transport are still rising. If immediate action is not taken, more radical measures will be unavoidable in the future. — To keep global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius, the world’s leading economies must act immediately to reduce transport emissions.
by Jack Laurenson (Kiyv Post) Biomass as a replacement for Russian gas in heating is one grassroots initiative that has become an emerging business, earning real profits for investors. For example, the biogas outlet in Velyky Krupil, Kyiv Oblast, provides electricity for a local milk farm. The European Bank for Reconstruction
by Dayo Laniyan (Morning Star/Alliance News) Engineering and technology solutions provider China New Energy Ltd said it has seen continued success in the first half of 2018 due to changed policies in China, leading to increased production of ethanol and new contracts. … China New Energy said revenue growth was caused
(RUDN University/Phys.Org) A chemist from RUDN synthesized new catalysts with ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles for producing biofuel from organic biowaste. Nanocatalysts support more intensive and sustained reactions than the compounds currently available in the market. The results of the study were published in the ChemSusChem journal. Rafael Luque, an external specialist from RUDN, works
The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation’s German Chancellor Fellowship program is targeted at recent university graduates from the U.S. and other countries who have an international outlook and initial leadership experience. The fellowships give graduates the opportunity to spend a year in Germany networking with other prospective leaders from abroad and
by Alex Lawler (Reuters) Oil will soon cost $100 per barrel due to supply disruptions caused by U.S. President Donald Trump, Iran’s OPEC Governor told Reuters on Thursday, as he warned expectations that Saudi Arabia and Russia would help bring down prices were in vain. Trump again accused the Organization of
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) UPM is going through a transformation to ensure sustainable value creation in the long term. The aim is to improve profitability, generate growth and increase the value of the company’s business portfolio. UPM has been transforming its business model, business portfolio and business performance. UPM consists

Forum for Wet Milling and Industrial Biotechnology “Graintek-2018” will be held on November 14-15, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. Technical Workshop “GrainExpert” for technical specialists of grain processing & fermentation plants will be held on November 16, 2018. Our Facebook page Event’s presentation CALL FOR 2018 SPEAKERS The Call for Speakers is NOW
by Jeff Brady (National Public Radio) The United States oil business is booming and the country could soon be the largest crude oil producer in the world. Despite this record-breaking production, climate change activists campaigning to move away from fossil fuels say they are making progress. Here’s the idea underpinning the “keep
by David Ignatius (The Washington Post) … So how can the United States and its closest allies alter (Russian President Vladimir) Putin’s behavior, if they’re truly serious about holding Russia to account? The answer, say several former senior CIA officials, is to use America’s network of alliances to put Russia

Forum & Expo on grain processing & industrial biotechnology. Topics includes gluten, starches, glucose and fructose syrups, bioplastics (succinic, lactic and other organic acids) and other value added fermentation products. Forum for Wet Milling and Industrial Biotechnology “Graintek-2018” will be held on November 14-15, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. Technical Workshop “GrainExpert” for technical
The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid and solid biofuels. On April 19 The Congress will focus
by Zainab Calcuttawala (OilPrice.com) There will be an OPEC deal extension—no matter the public tussling between opposing forces in the industry cartel—if the world’s largest oil producers are really determined to end the supply glut. A failure to agree on the market remediation would cause oil prices to plummet immediately, forfeiting
(Skoltech) … Scientists from Skoltech and the Russian Academy of Sciences’ Joint Institute for High Temperatures have proposed converting food waste into biofuel via hydrothermal liquefaction – a thermal depolymerization process used to turn wet biomass into oil. … The question of how to utilize such volumes of discarded food products
by Thin Lei Win (Reuters) Improving soil health in farmlands could capture extra carbon equivalent to the planet-warming emissions generated by the transport sector, one of the world’s most polluting industries, experts said Tuesday. Soil naturally absorbs carbon from the atmosphere through a process known as sequestration which not only reduce

This annual action is the premier event for any organization involved in the rapidly maturing industrial biotechnology & grain processing markets in Russia and neighboring countries – can you afford to miss it? Forum topics: Global trends: Biotechnology in grain processing and production of renewable chemistry as value added fermentation products.
(Phys.Org/ Lomonosov Moscow State University) Members of the Faculty of Biology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University have proved that under Nordic conditions, wastewater could be treated with the help of microalgae, while algal biomass is suitable for processing into biofuel. The scientists have presented their optimized technique for removing organic
(Phys.Org/Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology) Scientists have used high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine the composition of a biofuel obtained from the microalgae Spirulina platensis. The researchers studied two biofuel fractions obtained using a special algal mass treatment method. The researchers also proved that biofuel has little to do with
by Penney Kome (rabble.ca) … Almost everyone is targeting fossil fuel consumption and, by extension, Big Oil. Most of us see the oil business as gas stations, or as mammoth corporations, or as roughnecks wrestling with oil rig hoses. Actually, says a dear friend who’s spent his career examining and investing
(Phys.Org/Tomsk Polytechnic University) Gold nanoparticles serve as catalysts for obtaining valuable chemical products based on glycerol. Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University and their international colleagues are developing gold catalysts to recycle one of the main byproducts of biofuel production. The obtained products are in high demand in medicine, agriculture, the
by P.J. Huffstutter and Karl Plume (Reuters) … World stockpiles of corn and wheat are at record highs. From Iowa to China, years of bumper crops and low prices have overwhelmed storage capacity for basic foodstuffs. Global stocks of corn, wheat, rice and soybeans combined will hit a record 671.1 million
The Congress is leading international event on production and use of solid & liquid biofuels. The previous event gathered more than 200 senior executives from over 15 countries to discuss a variety of topics from feedstock to marketing of liquid and solid biofuels. Topics for discussion: The state of
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ETB Catalytic Technologies has developed a one-step process for producing butadiene from ethanol – and attracted investment in March 2016 from Zavkom Group and grant funding from Skolkovo for Pilot testing. Low energy consumption and “The highest selectivity to butadiene — over 80% compared to
by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Belgium, following on from the November release of their joint publication “The Black Book of Bioenergy”, Birdlife Europe and Central Asia has again teamed with Transport & Environment on a documentary set for release in January that is meant to be an exposé on
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) News of high-level appointments have been streaming out of Trump Tower all this week and last, and two trends are already clear: it’s a group mostly out of the business and military communities, and there’s a pivot to Russia on. … But Nixon of 1969
by Rick Uldricks and Hudson Councilman Casey Weinstein (Twinsburg Patch) In truth, when it comes to energy security, there is good news to be found, but not at the bottom of a well. — Fossil fuel boosters love to say that energy independence is nearly a reality, thanks to a massive expansion
by Kevin G. Hall (McClatchyDC) Hillary Clinton’s campaign chief once opened doors at home and abroad for an alternative energy firm whose investors include a Vladimir Putin-supported Russian company. These ties were highlighted last week when Donald Trump’s campaign alleged that John Podesta, a former chief of staff to Bill
(Sandia National Laboratories) A wide-ranging analysis of water vulnerability across the Pacific — including the U.S., China, Russia and Japan — has identified hundreds of locations where energy production depends upon scarce water supplies. The Sandia National Laboratories study, “Mapping Water Consumption for Energy Production Around the Pacific Rim,” was
by Eugene Gerden (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Impending tax abolishment to provide the impetus for the development of Russian ethanol industry. — Plans to lift a hefty excise tax on fuel ethanol by the Russian government are being called revolutionary. Recent statements from the office of Alexander Tkachev, Russia Minister of Agriculture,
by Ron Kotrba (Biomass Magazine) Neste announced plans to begin selling 100 percent renewable diesel at select stations in Finland come January. The company says the product launch is one way it plans to participate in the centennial celebration of Finland’s independence from Russia in 1917. READ MORE and MORE (NGT
(GreenAir Online) ICAO’s 36-State governing Council has released final draft text of a Resolution to be put before the UN agency’s triennial Assembly later this month on a global market-based measure (GMBM) aimed at keeping global net CO2 emissions from international aviation at 2020 levels. The new text moves away
by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) A report recently filed with the USDA Foreign Agriculture Service’s Global Agricultural Information Network provides an overview of the European Union’s biofuel market, including data on wood pellets and biogas. Regarding pellets, the report explains that the EU is the world’s largest wood pellet market,
by Zoltan Kish (Lee Enterprises/Biofuels Digest) … The primary challenge of clean energy production is the heterogeneous nature of waste and biomass, which creates a widely varying chemical constituency of the energy products generated from these processes. Feedstocks can be converted to higher value products by the physico-chemical (including biochemical) interactions, such
By Ed Hubbard (Renewable Fuels Association) … At APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum), I found a delegation of countries that weren’t just committed to biofuels, but eager about the future and promise they held for those countries’ domestic economies, energy security, environment and air quality. I found an audience not
(U.S. Grains Council) The growing interest for ethanol in the Asia-Pacific region is driven in part by ever-growing environmental concerns, especially those related to rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and deteriorating air quality, the direct results of rapidly-rising fossil fuel consumption across the region. Responding to these issues, a team of
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Russia, ETB Catalytic Technologies has received $0.6 million from ZAVKOM and Skolkovo Fund as a series A investment to build a pilot plant for the production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol, The investors received 22% of ETB CaT LLC. Why butadiene? Butadiene is a feedstock
by Angela Charlton (Associated Press/Washington Post) Monaco’s government says it’s investigating how an alleged vast oil corruption scandal involving a Monaco-based company long went unnoticed, even though the principality has opened up its financial sector and cracked down on tax dodging. Monaco police carried out several raids and detained executives
by Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Peder Holk Nielsen (Novozymes) Former Secretary General of NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen and Novozymes’ CEO take steps to highlight Europe’s problematic addiction to oil – and what can be done about it — … Europe is addicted to oil. We live in a fossil-fuel-driven economy, and
For Immediate Release February 12, 2016—Frederick, MD Advanced Biofuels USA correspondent Robert E. Kozak analyses the potential for a reinvigorated US shale oil/gas industry with and without government subsidies; and compares it to the potential for near-term growth of renewable sustainable clean, low greenhouse gas emissions liquid transportation fuels. In this insightful
by Ewa Krukowska (Bloomberg/Renewable Energy World) European Union governments and companies would do better increasing production of renewables, such as biofuels, than counting on a natural-gas pipeline from Russia to ensure energy security, former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen. The 28-nation EU is seeking to guarantee energy flows while
Efforts to promote a sustainable use of natural resources are not a waste of money, but rather an investment capable of providing other economic benefits in the medium term. If we look at the larger picture, we can see that more diversified and innovative forms of production which impact less
(Biofuels International) Egregor Biotech and Evolution Group is planning to construct a bioethanol plant in the forest-rich Komi Republic in Northern Russia. The plant would process 400,000 tpy of unusable timber and sawmill residues into 100,000 tonnes of ethanol, according to the Komiinform news agency. READ MORE
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) “We are a boutique technical consulting and service firm to the alternative energy and resources industry,” said the VerdeNero manifesto, adding: “We provide services in technology transfer, system analysis and integration. We operate at the boundaries between engineering, economics, environment and policy analysis.” Here’s a recent presentation on opportunities in
(The Sun) Mathieu Flamini has kept a big secret from family, friends and team-mates for SEVEN years. But today in an exclusive SunSport interview the Arsenal ace reveals that, along with a close pal, he has created a pioneering company that could revolutionise the energy industry. … He employs around
(Hamrick Engineering/Your Oil and Gas News) Hamrick Engineering is pleased to announce the granting of a broad patent for extracting sugars and nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass by the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). “This ground-breaking patent describes how to extract sugars and nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass using a low-cost
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Digest looks at security and energy security — … This week, the head of Russian state intelligence service, Alexander Bortnikov,warned of a potential “invasion of Central Asia”by Taliban or ISIS forces. And, the US and China are in a tense situationin the Pacific theater,
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s not just fish meal, it’s happy meal — for investors, we hear. As Calysta pivots towards methane-to-protein and supersizes its business plan, we visit with CEO Alan Shaw to find out who’s lovin’ it. … For now, Alan (Shaw)’s gone over to methane; that’s
by Arthur Neslen (The Guardian) Major UNFCCC carbon trading scheme hit by serious corruption allegations involving organised crime in Russia and Ukraine — A key carbon offsetting scheme was so open to abuse that three quarters of its allowances lacked environmental integrity, a new report says. UN officials confirm the findings
(Platts) The UK diesel specification will include a new limit for filter blocking tendency from November following a series of car engine breakdowns in northern England and Scotland in the past two winters, market sources said Wednesday. … A total of 14,845 incidents were reported from September 2013 to April
by Bill Scanlon (National Renewable Energy Laboratory/Renewable Energy World) Scientists at the Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have developed an enzyme that could change the economics of biofuel conversion by converting biomass to sugars up to 14 times faster and much cheaper than competing catalysts in enzyme cocktails
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Bunnies, liposuction fat, Prince Charles’ leftover wine, day-old whale, the human poo bus, fire ants dipped in hexane, old beer, raging fireballs, vibrating blobs, dope, and even the New Orleans Times-Picayune. Take your pick and, yep, it’s all true, as the Digest discovers. If you’re
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … Main areas of activity:waste minimization programs for industrial enterprises planning and implementation,MSW flows,incl. landfills, analytical description and management programs, pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction of waste and not usable biomass for CHP production. … Next 12 months the Partnership will be working on the problem
by Richard Weiner (Fredrikson & Byron/Biodiesel Magazine) The Council of the European Union has recently enacted regulations that require the member states of the European Union to impose sanctions against Russian individuals and companies in response to Russia’s military action in Ukraine. These new sanctions may have adverse consequences for European
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … With more than 65 years of experience in automotive and fuels research and development, SwRI is uniquely positioned as an international expert in the research, development and testing of renewable fuels. … As Emission Chemist, my main focus is in the investigation and characterization of

The Black Sea region has seen significant investment and development undertaken in the agriculture sector – with Russia and Ukraine driving huge growth in export volumes, primarily of wheat and corn. Looking beyond the region, the Black Sea must compete with other powerhouse production locations such as North and South
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … SkyNRG is undertaking its first major feedstock project in South Africa, featuring a nicotine-free energy tobacco crop that’s developed by Sunchem under the name of Solaris. Which is an excellent reminder of how much activity is going on in aviation biofuels to solve the
by Steven Mufson (The Washington Post) About 16 months ago, a Florida-based biofuel company called Algenol noticed that its Internet service was slowing down. In checking that out, Jack Voth, Algenol’s information technology chief, stumbled on something odd: a telnet connection to its videoconference camera from an Internet Protocol address
by Brendan Greeley (Bloomberg BusinessWeek) … In the developing world, it’s tempting for a country to keep the price of fossil fuels artificially low. The subsidy can take the form of a price cap, preventing oil companies from charging too much at the pump. Or it can come as a tax
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Brazil, Russia, India and China — and throw in South Africa for a complete BRICSA set. The vaunted new economic engines for the 21st century — and, lately, home to a beehive of activity around drop-in, sustainable, aviation biofuels. What’s up, with whom, where, when and
This two-day conference will look at the prospects for the cultivation of camelina oil in Russia and Europe that can be used as a feedstock in the production of sustainable biodiesel and aviation bio-synthetic kerosene. It will provide information and guidance to Russian agricultural enterprises about this non-food plant, its
by Jeff Spross (ThinkProgress.org) With any luck, future whisky fans may be able to enjoy their three fingers in the afternoon with the added knowledge they’ve contributed to a climate-friendly energy economy.According to E&E News, a biochemist in Scotland recently founded a company to piggyback biofuel production off the whisky
(Biofuels International) An agreement has been made by aircraft manufacturer Airbus and RT-Biotechprom, a division of technology and construction company Rostec, to make aircraft biofuel from renewable sources in Russia. READ MORE
by Carl Zulauf and Nick Rettig (Ohio State University/FarmDocDaily) … Corn processed into alcohol for fuel was not a factor in the 1970 period of farm prosperity. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) data series on this demand component does not start until 1980 (see here). Figure 1 presents the share of
(EurActiv) Leaders of the EU and their partners in the G8 nations are under mounting pressure to reconsider their support for biofuel targets amid concern that plant oil production competes with food output in poor countries. Britain, which chairs the G8 this year, is holding a global meeting on nutrition and food
By Paul Brown (Climate News Network/ClimateCentral.org) Fossil fuel subsidies provided by both rich and poor countries to keep their citizens happy are holding back the world economy, accelerating climate change and damaging the health of current and future generations, according to the International Monetary Fund. The worst offender of all
by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) …This past week in Rotterdam, I ran into algae biofuels’ very own “Dr. No”, John Benemann — known for his succinct and characteristic analysis of new ventures aimed at making renewable fuels from algae: “It won’t be affordable.”. We got to taking about the role
(Digital Journal) Korsair Holdings AG (BERLIN: NOM) has signed a sales and marketing license agreement for a Russian waste to energy technology. The agreement guarantees to Korsair exclusivity for the territory of the Balkan States. The license agreement covers all the currently existing devices AIST-200 (200 liters Biofuel/hour), AIST-1000 (1000
by Nina Chestney (Reuters) * U.S. cellulosic biofuel goals not reached * Beta sees industry stepping up output by 2015 * New players could emerge from eastern Europe Biofuels made from wood waste and sugarcane have languished well below expectations for years but new production coming on line promises explosive
by Ed Hamrick (Biofuels Digest/Greenworld Fuels) … There are more than two billion tons of MSW produced worldwide every year, with more than 250 million tons per year produced in the USA every year. Disposal of MSW is a thousand year old industry and there’s an efficient and well-established system for
(MSN Money/PR NewsWire) During the first Moscow International Forum for Innovative Development Open Innovations, the State Corporation ‘Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs’ (Vnesheconombank), venture capital firm Bright Capital Management, and Renmatix, the leading manufacturer of biobased sugar intermediates, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to jointly consider mutually beneficial
by Matthew Aylott (National Non-Food Crops Centre) NNFCC gives its top ten of Britain’s most progressive biofuel and biochemical companies. TMO Renewables … Green Biologics … British Airways … Ensus … BP … Johnson Matthey … Croda … INEOS Bio … Harvest Energy … Greenergy … READ MORE
by Michael Gubisch (FlightGlobal/Flight International) …Between 15 July and 27 December 2011, Lufthansa deployed a newly delivered Airbus A321 (registration D-AIDG) on the route between Hamburg and Frankfurt, with one of the two International Aero Engines V2500 powerplants running exclusively on a 50:50 synthetic biofuel-kerosene blend and the other using
(CFOCEO Magazine) …Interview conducted by: Lynn Fosse, Senior Editor, CEOCFO Magazine, Published – April 20, 2012 …C1 is a very unique fungus we found in the Russian soil in an alkaline lake in the early 1990’s. We selected that fungus because we were looking at the time for a fungus
(GreenAirOnline) A bill introduced into the US upper house by Republican Senator John Thune that would prohibit US aircraft operators from participating in the EU ETS has received backing from Senator Claire McCaskill, a Democrat. As the Democrats hold the balance of power in the Senate this bipartisan approach
(MarketWatch) Mario Garnero, Chairman of Brasilinvest, Brazil’s pioneer merchant bank, stated that BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) can no longer be simply described as ‘Emerging Markets’. Their economic, political and energy status make them ‘Powerhouse Nations’. The Chairman of Brasilinvest addressed audiences last week at the Council on
(Reuters) A European Union target to promote the use of biofuels will accelerate global species loss because it encourages the conversion of pasture, savanna and forests into new cropland, EU scientists have warned. …The scale of species loss in areas converted into new cropland could be more than 80 percent,
(Jakarta Post) PT INKUD Exchange signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on Monday with Malaysian biotechnology firm Lestari Pasifik Berhad to establish a joint venture aiming to set up 616 bio-refinery factories to process oil palm waste into bio-ethanol in Indonesia and Malaysia over the next five years. Following
by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia) …We imagine “food vs fuel” in terms of grain shortages, but where food and fuel actually collide is on the global sugar markets. “While sugar is widely available in the west and its price is rarely considered, it is an essential source of cheap
by Eugene Gerden (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Russia plans to tap into bountiful resources to expand ethanol production The Russian government is considering the implementation of a state program to develop a biofuel and ethanol industry in Russia. Amid dwindling hydrocarbon reserves and the ever-rising costs of oil exploration and production,
(Recycling Portal) A Russian investment fund, Republic of Tatarstan and Wermuth Asset Management plan, is to set up a 200 million euro clean technology fund that aims to help the heavy oil producing region to manage industrial waste and boost energy efficiency, according to a report by Reuters. The fund
by Liz Lee (The Star) Lestari, Arter Group to build 616 plants Lestari Pasifik Bhd, in an unprecedented joint venture with Russian company Arter Group, is expecting to receive project financing from the Chinese government to build bio-refinery plants in Malaysia and Indonesia to produce biofuel from second generation bioethanol. …“China
(CheckBioTEch) A CHINESE green energy specialist is joining Aim in a move valuing the business at £21million. …It is looking to invest in undervalued biofuel operators and is also keen to take stakes in new green energy companies. …The company builds plants and also provides support services, including design. Although
(Syngenta) First corn output trait for ethanol industry Enables ethanol industry to improve efficiency and profitability Significant environmental benefits Syngenta announced February 11, 2011, it has received full deregulation for its corn amylase trait from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). This is the first genetically modified output trait in
by Joelle Brink (Biofuels Digest Asia) …#1 It’s a breakthrough year for Asian biofuels science and technology. Many scientific and technological developments that simmered away in Asian labs and pilot plants in 2010 are set to burst on the scene in 2011. #2 2010’s wave of public and private investments,
(PR Newswire) Energy Efficiency Innovation and Environmental Impact Advances Prized The Global Energy Prize is now accepting nominations for its $1 million 2011 award. The globally recognised prize, which has thus far been awarded to three prominent US scientists, rewards innovation and solutions in global energy research and its concurrent environmental
(Ria Novosti) Russia may start using biofuel made from sawdust to power aircraft, Deputy Transport Minister Valery Okulov said on Tuesday. “We have a country full of forests and plenty of sawdust; why not make biofuel from it as an alternative source of energy,” he told a news conference hosted by
(The Moscow Times) Russian Technologies will begin construction of the country’s first biofuel factory next spring, the state corporation’s chief, Sergei Chemezov, said Monday. The factory — to be located in the Irkutsk region — will turn wood chips and other timber byproducts into biobutanol, he told President Dmitry Medvedev in
(RiaNovosti) The European market is attractive for Russia due to its proximity and high prices. “Russia could become a supplier of oilseeds, oil, biodiesel and ethanol as alternative fuel, cattle and goat meat, game and aquaculture products to the European union in the future,” (Deputy Agriculture Minister Alexander) Petrikov told
(PubMed) The new route of the plant lipoxygenase pathway, directed specifically towards the ketodiene formation, was detected during in vitro experiments with Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers. Through this pathway (9Z,11E,13S)-13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) is reduced to corresponding 13-hydroxy acid (13-HOD), which is in turn dehydrogenated into ketodiene (9Z,11E,13S)-13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-KOD).