Advanced BioFuels USA

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the US Department of Energy announced that 15 breakthrough energy projects will receive approximately $34 million from the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) via the REMOTE program (Reducing Emissions using Methanotrophic Organisms for Transportation Energy), seeking to find advanced biocatalyst technologies that can convert natural gas to liquid fuel for transportation.
REMOTE will address the transformation of gas-to-liquid technologies. Current synthetic gas-to-liquids conversion approaches are technologically complex and require large, capital-intensive facilities, which limit widespread adoption. This program aims to lower the cost of GTL conversion while enabling the use of low-cost, low-carbon, domestically sourced natural gas.
In all, 15 projects in 9 states nabbed preliminary awards, which are subject to negotiation.
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Overall, the awards have dipped some 70% deeper into the DOE kitty — suggestive that there is increased emphasis at DOE on using methane for transport fuel — and that breakthrough technologies are required — and possibly available.
The largest single award, $4.00 million, went to a LanzaTech-led team including The City University of New York, Louisiana State University and Michigan Technological University.
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The bioconversion challenge
To give an example, a hypothetical methanotrophic bacterium that synthesizes n-butanol from methane has two problems: methane is activated inefficiently (66%) and then formaldehyde is converted into fuel inefficiently (78%). Thus, even if an organism fully leveraged the most recent developments in synthetic biology and industrial biotechnology, bioconversion through MMO will have difficulty being cost effective or disruptive to the fuel market.
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“On the technology side, methane (like CO and H2) is an insoluble but energy-rich gas,” LanzaTech CEO Jennifer Holmgren told the Digest, as she took us through the world of ARPA-E. “Our platform is based on fermenting these gases using microbes, meaning that methane fermentation is substantially similar to the industrial off-gas and syngas fermentation LanzaTech is already doing. Our strategy is to focus on low-cost or waste resources and the US is now a world leader in low-cost natural gas, with certain locations currently flaring gas that cannot be delivered to pipelines. In addition, biogas is available for large municipal landfills in volumes applicable to fermentation.
“As always, we are focused on waste/residue streams not “virgin” streams,” she noted. “You would be amazed at how much natural gas is currently being flared because it isn’t economic to move it to a pipeline. Ethanol, lipids other liquids enable economic movement of the natural gas. In fact- think of these as better ways to move the BTUs around.
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PROJECT SELECTIONS
High-Efficiency Biological Methane Activation
Arzeda Corp.
$1,000,000
Seattle, WA
New Metalloenzymes for Methane Activation
 
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
$3,500,000
Berkeley, CA
Enzyme Engineering for Direct Methane Conversion
 
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
$3,500,000
Berkeley, CA
Enzyme Engineering for Direct Methane Conversion
 
MOgene Green Chemicals LLC
$1,449,327
St. Louis, MO
Sunlight-Assisted Conversion of Methane to Butanol
 
Northwestern University
$818,132
Evanston, IL
Multicopper Oxidases for Methane Activation
 
Pennsylvania State University
$3,000,000
University Park, PA
Methane-to-Acetate Pathway for Liquid Fuel
 
University of Michigan
$3,000,000
Ann Arbor, MI
Anaerobic Bioconversion of Methane to Methanol
 
High Efficiency Biological Synthesis of Liquid Fuels
 
Coskata, Inc.
$941,726
Warrenville, IL
Activated Methane to Butanol
 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
$3,000,000
Cambridge, MA
Single-Step Methane Activation and Conversion to Liquid Fuels
 
University of California, Davis
$1,500,000
Davis, CA
Biosynthetic Conversion of Ethylene to Butanol
 
University of California, Los Angeles
$3,000,000
Los Angeles, CA
Efficient Condensation Cycle for Methanol to Liquid Fuel
 
University of Delaware
$3,000,000
Newark, DE
Engineered Bioconversion of Methanol to Liquid Fuel
 
Process Intensification Approaches for Biological Methane Conversion
Calysta Energy
$797,646
Menlo Park, CA
New Bioreactor Designs for Rapid Methane Fermentation
 
GreenLight Biosciences
$4,500,000
Medford, MA
Cell-Free Bioconversion for Access to Remote Natural Gas Sources
 
LanzaTech, Inc.
$4,000,000
Roselle, IL
Bioreactor Design to Improve the Transfer of Methane to Microorganisms
 
Oregon State University
$630,867
Corvallis, OR
Bio-Lamina-Plates Bioreactor for Enhanced Mass and Heat Transfer  READ MORE and MORE (The Washington Times)