QUOTE OF THE WEEK -- Freya Burton

(W)e don’t need to extract carbon anymore; there’s no need to take carbon out of the ground, because there’s enough above ground carbon to make everything we need. -- Freya Burton, LanzaTech chief sustainability officer quoted by Ag Funder News  READ MORE

Why Is It Taking So Long to Get the Necessary Guidance on the 45Z Tax Credit Program?

•by Jim Wiesemeyer (AgWeb)  ... There are a few key reasons why guidance on the 45Z clean fuel production tax credit program is taking a long time to be issued:

• Complexity of the program: The 45Z credit is a new, technology-neutral credit based on carbon intensity scores, which is more complex than previous biofuel tax credits. Developing the emissions rate tables and carbon intensity scoring methodology is technically challenging.

• Interagency coordination: The Treasury Department and IRS need to coordinate with other agencies like the Department of Energy to develop the emissions rate tables and carbon intensity methodologies.

• Stakeholder input: The government is likely taking time to gather and incorporate input from various industry stakeholders on how to structure and implement the credit.

• Technical details: Determining specifics like eligible fuels, feedstocks, and how to calculate and verify carbon intensity scores requires careful consideration.

• Transition from existing credits: The 45Z credit will replace several existing biofuel credits in 2025, so the transition needs to be carefully managed.

• Limited resources: The Treasury and IRS have been working on implementing many new tax provisions from recent legislation, potentially straining their resources.

• Desire for accuracy: Given the credit's importance for clean fuel investment, the government likely wants to ensure the guidance is comprehensive and accurate before releasing it.

• Impact of delay. The lack of full guidance is causing uncertainty for fuel producers trying to plan investments and production for when the credit takes effect in 2025. However, the government has issued some initial guidance on registration requirements to help producers prepare.

The 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit differs from previous fuel production credits in several ways:

• Technology-neutral approach: Unlike previous credits that targeted specific types of fuels, the 45Z credit is technology-neutral and applies to any transportation fuel that meets the emissions reduction criteria.

• Carbon intensity-based: The credit amount is calculated based on the fuel's carbon intensity score, rather than a flat rate per gallon. Fuels with lower emissions receive a larger credit.

• Producer credit vs blender credit: The 45Z credit goes to the fuel producer, whereas some previous credits like the $1/gallon biodiesel tax credit went to fuel blenders.

• Emissions rate requirement: To qualify, fuels must have an emissions rate no greater than 50 kg of CO2e per mmBTU.

• Registration requirement: Producers must be registered with the IRS before claiming the credit, which is a new requirement.

• Limited duration: The 45Z credit is currently set to apply only to fuels produced from 2025-2027, whereas some previous credits were repeatedly extended.

• Replaces multiple credits: The 45Z credit will replace several existing fuel credits that are set to expire, including those for biodiesel, renewable diesel, and alternative fuels.

• Potentially larger credit amounts: For fuels meeting certain labor requirements, the credit could be up to $1.75 per gallon for sustainable aviation fuel or $1.00 per gallon for other fuels, which is potentially higher than some previous credits.

The 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit has several important implications for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production:

• Incentivizes SAF production: The 45Z credit provides a significant financial incentive for producers to manufacture SAF, with a maximum credit of $1.75 per gallon for aviation fuels that meet certain requirements.

• Technology-neutral approach: Unlike previous credits that targeted specific fuel types, the 45Z credit is technology-neutral. This means any SAF that meets the emissions reduction criteria can qualify, potentially spurring innovation in SAF production methods.

• Carbon intensity-based: The credit amount is calculated based on the fuel's carbon intensity score. SAF with lower emissions receives a larger credit, encouraging producers to minimize the carbon footprint of their production processes.

• Replaces previous credits: The 45Z credit will replace several existing fuel credits set to expire, including the current sustainable aviation fuel credit (Section 40B).

• Registration requirement: SAF producers must register with the IRS before claiming the credit, which is a new requirement compared to previous fuel credits.

• Emissions reduction threshold: To qualify for the credit, SAF must have an emissions rate no greater than 50 kg of CO2e per mmBTU.

• Potential for higher credit amounts: For SAF meeting certain labor requirements, the credit could be up to $1.75 per gallon, which is potentially higher than some previous credits.

• Uncertainty due to delayed guidance: The lack of final guidance on how to calculate carbon intensity scores is causing uncertainty for SAF producers and potentially delaying investments in new production facilities.

• Impact on feedstock choices: The credit may influence which feedstocks are used for SAF production, depending on how carbon intensity is calculated for different agricultural inputs.

• Transition period: The shift from the current SAF credit (Section 40B) to the new 45Z credit in 2025 is creating some challenges for producers in planning future production and sales.  READ MORE

California Can Reduce Gasoline Prices by Adopting E-15 Ethanol Blend

(Aemetis) Aemetis, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMTX), a California renewable fuels producer, today called for the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to immediately implement a 15% ethanol blend in gasoline to reduce gas prices for California consumers and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from motor vehicles.  California stands alone among the 50 states in not adopting a 15% blend of fuel ethanol.  The US EPA approved E-15 for use in light duty vehicles in 2011, and 49 other states have adopted a 15% ethanol blend. California still mandates a 90% petroleum blend in every gallon of gasoline.

In response to Governor Newsom calling a special session of the state legislature, the State Assembly is currently holding hearings regarding the need for lower fuel prices in California. An obvious solution is to allow consumers to purchase lower cost, cleaner burning, domestically produced renewable fuel instead of mandating higher cost, polluting imported petroleum fuel.

A recent study by UC Berkeley and US Naval Academy economists found that allowing an E-15 blend could save California drivers $2.7 billion at the pump annually, which translates into approximately $0.20 per gallon every time a motorist fuels their car.

A typical California household would save about $200 per year on gasoline expenses, and for many lower income residents of the Golden State, that money could be spent on items like childcare, groceries, or prescription medications.

Moving to an E-15 blend would have an immediate impact on California’s environment as ethanol is derived from renewable sources and emits 46% fewer air pollutants than gasoline. According to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute, the US transportation sector accounts for 27 percent of US greenhouse gas emissions. Increasing California’s ethanol blend would reduce emissions and likely reduce gasoline usage in the state, while providing an immediate and measurable benefit to the state’s ambitious goal of reaching net carbon neutrality by the year 2045.

A study commissioned by CARB found that adopting E-15 in the state could cut emissions of tailpipe pollutants such as particulate matter and carbon monoxide, which cause air quality and human health problems.

“As the transition to EV’s and other zero tailpipe emission vehicles take place over the next decade, California should adopt every tool available – today – to expedite the reduction of harmful fossil fuel emissions,” said Eric McAfee, Chairman and CEO of Aemetis, Inc.  “The most immediate cost-saving and environmentally beneficial step the state can take is the implementation of E-15,” added McAfee.

The adoption of E15 supports the broader goals outlined in California’s climate action plans, which include reducing dependence on fossil fuels, decreasing air pollution, and promoting the use of renewable energy. By transitioning to E15, California can make substantial progress in achieving these goals.

The steps required to allow an E-15 blend in California have been conducted, including source testing and on-road testing.  Billions of miles have been driven on E-15 across the United States since 2011.  CARB can adopt new rules that will allow E-15 to be sold in California as soon as 2025.

“We applaud Governor Newsom’s focus on the chronic problem of high gas prices in California, and we urge the state legislature’s special session to call on CARB to implement E-15,” said McAfee.

 

About Aemetis

Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Aemetis is a renewable natural gas, renewable fuel and biochemicals company focused on the operation, acquisition, development and commercialization of innovative technologies that replace petroleum-based products and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Founded in 2006, Aemetis is operating and actively expanding a California biogas digester network and pipeline system to convert dairy waste gas into Renewable Natural Gas. Aemetis owns and operates a 65 million gallon per year ethanol production facility in California’s Central Valley near Modesto that supplies about 80 dairies with animal feed. Aemetis owns and operates a 60 million gallon per year production facility on the East Coast of India producing high quality distilled biodiesel and refined glycerin for customers in India and Europe. Aemetis is developing the sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and renewable diesel fuel biorefinery in California to utilize renewable hydrogen, hydroelectric power, and renewable oils to produce low carbon intensity renewable jet and diesel fuel. For additional information about Aemetis, please visit www.aemetis.comREAD MORE

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Excerpt from Politico Pro:  It will also consider a new bill from Assemblymember Cottie Petrie-Norris, chair of the special-session Petroleum Gasoline and Supply Committee, that would require the California Air Resources Board to complete its review of whether drivers should be allowed to use gasoline that has a higher percentage of ethanol by the end of 2025. She introduced that bill Tuesday as ABX2-9.

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Ameresco, Republic Services and PG&E Celebrate the Opening of California's Largest Landfill Gas to Renewable Natural Gas Plant

(Ameresco) This First-of-its-kind 11.7Mwe Energy Asset plant in the U.S. will be powered by co-located LFG-to-Electric Plant; Facility is designed to reduce 62,000 metric tons of carbon emissions annually while increasing energy resiliency and supporting California’s renewable energy and decarbonization goals 

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Department of Energy's Agile BioFoundry and ABPDU Partner with Industrial Microbes to Successfully Scale Up Bio-Based Process

by Gayle Bentley (U.S. Department of Energy) Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) Agile BioFoundry (ABF) and Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit (ABPDU), have successfully scaled up a bio-based process that converts ethanol into a valuable precursor for consumer products, such as

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Grupo Potencial Invests $548M in Biofuel Projects

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Brazil, Grupo Potencial announced an investment of R$3 billion in biofuel projects, reinforcing its commitment to innovation and sustainability in the energy sector. The announcement was made Tuesday during the signing ceremony of the Fuel of

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Honeywell and SGP BioEnergy to Develop Plant-Based Biochemicals, Reducing Industry’s Reliance on Fossil Fuels

(Honeywell)  Honeywell technology will use second-generation feedstock to advance biochemical production; SGP BioEnergy will be the first company to use and scale the new technology --  Honeywell (NASDAQ: HON) and SGP BioEnergy today announced they are working together to develop new, scalable

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Polymer Products from Lignin

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Today, lignin from pulp and paper is converted to polymer products through sulfonation. An industry goal, and the goal of this Ingevity / USC / Sandia project, is commercial products from lignin that provide 20% reduction

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Airbus and the Philippines to Launch SAF Feasibility Study

(Mindanao Times) Airbus and the Philippines’ Department of Transport, Department of Energy and the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, have jointly announced the launch of a study exploring the development of Philippines’ sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) ecosystem. This follows the establishment

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India Has Potential to Produce 8-10 mn Tonnes of Sustainable Aviation Fuel by 2040: Report

(PSU Watch/PTI) According to a report by Deloitte India, India has the potential to produce 8-10 million tonnes of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by 2040 -- India has the potential to produce 8-10 million tonnes of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) by 2040,

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Four of UK’s Biggest Airports Pledge to ‘Back British SAF’

by Chloe Greenbank (Aerospace Global News) Four of UK's biggest airports, including Heathrow, Gatwick, Manchester and Stansted, pledge to Back British SAF -- Heathrow, Gatwick, Manchester and Stansted airports are leading the charge for a new campaign to scale domestic sustainable aviation

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Cepsa, a Pioneering Supplier of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in the Canary Islands

(Cepsa) - The energy company has already made SAF available at the Tenerife North and Gran Canaria airports, and will be expanding availability of this product at the rest of the archipelago’s main airports in the coming weeks - The company is

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Leveraging on Its Proprietary Technologies NEXTCHEM Signs an Agreement with KazMunaiGas-Aero to Cooperate in the Development of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) in Kazakhstan

(Group Maire) During the Forum Kazakhstan-Italy being held in Milan from 7 to 9 October, NEXTCHEM and KazMunayGas-Aero (KMG AERO) have signed an agreement to collaborate on advancing energy transition initiatives, leveraging on NEXTCHEM’s proprietary technology portfolio and process engineering capabilities. These initiatives aim at contributing to

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Scottish Airports Back Call for Eco-jet Fuel Facility

(Aberdeen Business News) Scotland's largest airports are supporting a movement to establish green fuel production facilities at Grangemouth and St Fergus, which could lead to the creation of thousands of new employment opportunities. A coalition known as Rise, which includes several of

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Daybreak Oct. 8: White House Hosts Farm Groups, Ag Leaders

by Lydia Johnson, Steve Davies, Noah Wicks, and Rebekah Alvey (Agri-Pulse)  USDA and the White House will host selected farm groups for meetings today (October 8, 2024) with government officials to discuss the Biden administration’s key ag and rural investments.  The “Farmers

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USDA Awards REAP Grants to 3 Ethanol Producers

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The USDA on Oct. 3 awarded $104 million in loans and grants to more than 300 clean energy projects under the Rural Energy for America Program. Projects under development at three ethanol plants were among

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Agricultural Policy, Production Supply and Demand Headline First Export Exchange 2024 Sessions

(U.S. Grains Council)  Export Exchange 2024 began today in Fort Worth, Texas, where the U.S. Grains Council (USGC), partnering with Growth Energy and the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), welcomed nearly 500 guests including international buyers and domestic U.S. value chain stakeholders

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Harris Courts Trump’s Base as Battle for Rural Vote Heats Up

by Kim Chipman, Miranda Davis, and Isis Almeida (Bloomberg) ... Biofuels Boom  --  Democrats are turning Trump’s threat to repeal the IRA into a talking point. Biden’s landmark climate legislation is expected to give a boost to corn and soybean growers, with

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Iowa Supreme Court Hears Landowner Case against Summit Pipeline Survey

by Cami Koons (Iowa Capital Dispatch)  Affected landowners and pipeline opposers protest at Capitol --Iowa Supreme Court justices and an uncommonly large audience heard oral arguments Tuesday on the constitutionality of an Iowa law that allows a carbon pipeline company to

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In the Meantime…. Common Ground Discovered at the MCEC Summit

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  It’s clear to most that large planes won’t be powered by electricity for a long time, thus research, development, production and use of sustainable fuels for aviation generally has investment and policy support around

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Braskem Collaborates with the University of British Columbia to Develop Technology for Producing Methanol from CO2

(Braskem)  The company is funding a one-year project aimed at developing a viable technological route for future industrial implementation -- Braskem (B3: BRKM3, BRKM5, and BRKM6; NYSE: BAK; LATIBEX: XBRK) the largest polyolefins producer in the Americas, as well as a global

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Pertamina NRE Group and Genvia Sign MoU on Advanced Green Hydrogen Production Technology

(Pertamina) PT Pertamina Power Indonesia (“Pertamina NRE”), PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy Tbk (“PGE”), and Genvia have signed memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on developing green hydrogen production through the integration of advanced solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEL) technology with geothermal heat

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SEC’s Watered-Down Climate Rule and How it Affects You

by Cynthia Thyfault (QuantaVision/Biofuels Digest) The US Securities and Exchange Commission recently finalized a climate disclosure rule that has sparked intense debate across political, corporate, and environmental spheres. Initially expected to align with the stringent climate regulations of the European Union, the SEC’s

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EIA Now Publishes Additional U.S. Biofuel and Distillate Forecasts

by Jimmy Troderman, Alex de Keyserling  (U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration)  Biofuels are making up an increasing share of total distillate fuel oil consumed in the United States. Beginning in the September 2024 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), we began publishing forecasts for several new series

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Second Notice of Public Availability of Modified Text and Availability of Additional Documents and/or Information Proposed Low Carbon Fuel Standard Amendments Public Hearing --- November 8, 2024 ---

(California Air Resources Board)  Public Hearing Date: November 8, 2024 Public Availability Date: October 1, 2024 Deadline for Public Comment: October 16, 2024 The California Air Resources Board (CARB) staff has determined that additional modifications are appropriate for the proposed

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European Airlines Outpace US Carriers on Cleaner Jet Fuel

by Ben Elgin (BNN Bloomberg)  In the quest to shrink the outsized climate impact of air travel, airlines across the globe have vowed to consume vast quantities of greener jet fuel. But most airlines are lagging far behind their pledges, according

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Asian Countries Agree to Establish Sustainable Fuel Supply Chain with a Focus on Biofuels

by Samyak Pandey (S&P Global)  Agreement between Indonesian and Japanese companies for SAF derived from coconut oil; Toyota Tsusho and Pertamina to develop biofuels and green hydrogen -- Japan, Australia, and nine Southeast Asian countries have agreed to establish an extensive Asian supply

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So Much for the End of The Cold War

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/South Dakota Farmers Union)  Do we laugh or cry when we hear the president of the American Petroleum Institute (API) say the “Cold War” between ethanol and oil is over as the two industries are

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Caledonia County, Vermont Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Woody Biomass

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) A’ Rating to lead innovation and business growth in northern Vermont --Do North, Forestry Accelerator, Ecostrat and the BDO Zone Initiative are pleased to announce the issue of an investment grade BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Caledonia County, Vermont. Caledonia County’s

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Biden-Harris Administration Makes up to $7.7 Billion Available for Climate-Smart Practices on Agricultural Lands as Part of Investing in America Agenda DEADLINES varied

(US Department of Agriculture) USDA Provides Historic Investments for Working Lands through Inflation Reduction Act and Farm Bill --  The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today (October 2, 2024) announced up to $7.7 billion in assistance for fiscal year 2025 to help

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DOE: Renewable Diesel Jobs up 7.3% in 2023

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The U.S. Department of Energy on Aug. 28 released its annual U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER), reporting that employment in the renewable diesel sector grew by an impressive 7.3% last year, the fastest growth rate

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Converting Methane Emissions from Dairy Farms to Biogas Could Save More than £400m a Year in Fuel Costs

(University of East Anglia) New research has found methane emissions from slurry stores on dairy farms may be up to five times greater than official statistics suggest - and highlights the huge potential for turning them into a renewable energy source. The study shows

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Solstad Offshore Introducing Renewable Biodiesel

(Solstad) Solstad now offers certified renewable biodiesel to its clients to decarbonize existing offshore vessels in the transition period towards zero-emission technologies in the future. This initiative is part of Solstad’s strategy to decrease its environmental footprint. In a significant step towards

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Aemetis Biogas Completes Initial Construction Phase of Multi-Dairy Digester

(Aemetis) Biogas production of over 200,000 MMBtu per year scheduled to begin by year-end 2024 -- Aemetis, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMTX), a renewable natural gas and renewable fuels company focused on low and negative carbon intensity products, announced today that its Aemetis Biogas

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Production of Bioproducts from Electrochemically-Generated C1 Intermediates

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) CO2 Electrolysis + Gas Fermentation: a CO2 to Chemicals Platform, that’s the goal of this Argonne National Lab, LanzaTech and Dioxide Materials, project. It aims for room Temperature CO2 electrolysis (Anion Exchange Membrane based technology), and

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Tunisia Unveils Ambitious Strategy To Become A Global Leader In Green Hydrogen Production

by Pooja Chandak (Solar Quarter) Tunisia has unveiled an ambitious national strategy aimed at transforming the country into a global leader in green hydrogen production. The North African nation, blessed with abundant solar and wind resources, is poised to leverage these

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GeoPura Closes Landmark Debt Funding Round, Pioneering Green Hydrogen Finance in the UK

(GeoPura) £22 Million Raised to Propel Hydrogen Generator Fleet Expansion and Global Deployment -- Key highlights: First major asset-backed debt funding announcement for a green hydrogen business in the UK: GeoPura’s debt raise sets a significant precedent in the green hydrogen sector Long-Term Funding Support

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Vale and Green Energy Park Partner to Develop Green Hydrogen Supply Chain in Brazil for Future Mega Hub

(Vale and Green Energy Park/Business Wire) Vale and Green Energy Park (GEP), an integrated European hydrogen company, have joined forces to deliver decarbonization solutions for the global steel sector. Through this partnership the companies will work on feasibility studies to develop

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BASF Launches xarvio BIOENERGY in the US to Help Lower the CI of Corn Grown for Ethanol Production

(BASF/Ethanol Producer Magazine) BASF has launched xarvio BIOENERGY, an innovative low carbon intensity crops program that lowers, tracks and documents CI levels in corn grown for ethanol biofuel production in the U.S.  Xarvio BIOENERGY offers the biofuel production supply chain - growers, retail agronomists

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Toyota Maps Out When Its ICE Age Will End in America

by Craig Trudell (Bloomberg) ... “In the US, there is a decision being made now — and I’m not a part of it — as to whether to stop making pure ICE for the US market,” Gill Pratt, Toyota’s chief

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White House OSTP: ‘Whether Harris or Trump, Biomanufacturing Is Bipartisan’

by Dan Stanton (BioProcess International) A President Biden Executive Order supporting homegrown biomanufacturing will remain in place whoever wins in November, White House OSTP assistant director Sarah Glaven told Biotech Week Boston delegates. -- Triggered in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, which

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Just Announced! International Clean Energy Initiative Launches Global Biomass Resource Assessment

(U.S. Department of Energy) International Biomass Feedstock Portal Provides First-of-its-Kind Data on the World-wide Availability of Sustainable Biomass Resources -- A multi-country, government-led initiative dedicated to advancing the global transition to a sustainable, bio-based economy, unveiled a new Global Biomass Resource Assessment, providing groundbreaking

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BDO ZoneCONNECT Webinar: Butte County, California

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative)  On September 12, 2024, Ecostrat Inc. and the BDO Zone Initiative, in collaboration with TheDigest, hosted the BDO ZoneCONNECT webinar, highlighting an investment-grade BDO Zone in Butte County, California rated ‘BBB’ for 223,000 bone dry tons per year of Woody Biomass. The webinar was

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Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition Announces Two New Stakeholders

by Keith Reid (Fuels Market News) The Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition (MiABC) announces two new stakeholders that support the use of sustainable fuels to improve the state’s air quality and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The additions are Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, and

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Mobility: Time for a Hamiltonian Moment

by Philippe Marchand (Transportation Energy Strategies) ... Hybrids as a Pragmatic Option -- What are some of the CEOs of global, non-Chinese car manufacturers (and even some Chinese-owned ones) saying today? They’re arguing that customers are not yet ready to fully transition

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Will Alternative Fuels Be Available to Meet Marine Decarbonisation Targets?

(Argus Media) Explore the strategies and greener fuels available to ship owners to achieve compliance and reduce GHG emissions with this insight paper.  Argus Marine Fuels Consultant Jack Merriott has penned a new insight paper providing a comprehensive view of the alternative

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Listen: Emissions Mission: California Prepares to Adjust Its Climate Regulations

(S&P Global) Emissions and Carbon Intensity,  Energy Transition  The California Air Resources Board (CARB) pioneered much of North America's emissions-reduction policies and is now in the process of updating its regulations as net-zero deadlines near. S&P Global experts Erin Tully and Matt Williams

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Low-CI Expansions --- October 17, 2024 --- ONLINE

Join the experts at Fluid Quip Technologies as they discuss the latest opportunities to expand ethanol facilities while reducing energy consumption and CI score. Join us to hear how FQT is accomplishing best-in-class energy efficiency through engineering expertise and technologies

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Nippon Gases and Suttons Tankers Launch HVO Fuel Trial to Reduce Carbon Emissions

(Nippon Gases)  As part pf their long-standing relationship, Suttons Tankers and Nippon Gases UKI, part of Nippon Sanso Holdings Corporation have embarked on a three-month Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) trial. This collaboration aims to reduce carbon emissions within Nippon Gases' logistics

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Unlocking Ethanol Access: The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Recently Approved a $25 Million (€23 Million) Investment

(Biofuels International) The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) recently approved a $25 million (€23 million) investment in the American Coalition for Ethanol (ACE)-led Regional Conservation Partnership Programme (RCPP) expansion. This builds on the successful South Dakota-based

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ORLEN Launches Sales of HVO100

(Biofuels International)  The ORLEN Group has initiated sales of its HVO100 fuel at two service stations in Germany. ... The introduction of this fuel to the Polish market will be possible once the ongoing legislative work on quality requirements is completed. HVO100

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Simply Blue Group to Develop Major Sustainable Aviation Fuel Hub in Goldboro, Nova Scotia

(Simply Blue Group) Simply Blue Group, a leading developer of clean energy projects, has announced the Goldboro site in Nova Scotia, Canada formerly proposed as Goldboro Liquified Natural Gas Project, as the location for their major sustainable aviation fuels hub. This

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Luján, Barrasso Spearhead Bipartisan Legislation to Harness Carbon Capture’s Full Potential to Reach Net-Zero Emissions and Create New Jobs

(Office of US  Ben Ray Luján (R-NM)  U.S. Senators Ben Ray Luján (D-N.M.) and John Barrasso (R-Wyo.) led the introduction of the bipartisan Coordinated Action to Capture Harmful (CATCH) Emissions Act to enhance the federal Section 45Q tax credit to commercialize

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Maritime Energy Transition: mtu Large Engines from Rolls-Royce Now Approved for HVO and IMO III

(Rolls-Royce)  mtu Series 1163 and 8000 engines are available with SCR systems for compliance with IMO III emission limits; Customized exhaust aftertreatment offers shock protection for military vessels; Ship operators can now run mtu Series 1163 and 8000 engines on sustainable fuels; Up to

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ETF Appears on Truck Tech: Internal Combustion Engines and the Fuels that They Use

(Engine Technology Forum)  Internal combustion engines and the fuels that they use were the topic of Alan Adler's recent interview with ETF's Executive Director Allen Schaeffer. Watch the episode of Truck Tech here. A variety of drop-in fuels, from renewable diesel to renewable

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Optimizing a Waste-to-Fuel Future for Aviation

by Karthikeyan K. Ramasamy (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)  The U.S. aviation sector, responsible for around 2% of the nation’s annual carbon emissions, is a key target for decarbonization—but there are many technical and logistical hurdles remaining when conceptualizing an efficient, scaled future for

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ENOC Group Introduces the World’s First Solar-Powered Biodiesel Truck at WETEX 2024

(ENOC Group)  ENOC Group, a leading integrated global energy player, today unveiled its world-first innovative ENOC Link solar-powered biodiesel truck at the Water, Energy, Technology and Environment Exhibition (WETEX) 2024, held under the directives of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al

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Comstock Executes Exclusive License and Cooperative Research and Development Agreement with Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory

(Comstock/Globe Newswire) World Class Innovation Team Set Sights on 100% Renewable Sustainable Aviation Fuel and Fossil Parity -- Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) (“Comstock” and the “Company”) today announced the execution by Comstock’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Comstock IP Holdings LLC, of an Exclusive License

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BSGF Thanachok Vegetable Oil, Together with New Biodiesel Co., Ltd., Supports Communities and Entrepreneurs in the Southern Region by Receiving Used Cooking Oil to Produce SAF.

(Bangchak) Recently, Mr. Thammarat Prayurasuk, Senior Executive Vice President, Refinery and Trading Business Group, Bangchak Corporation Public Company Limited and Chairman of BSGF Co., Ltd., presided over the signing ceremony of the Memorandum of Understanding on the cooperation process of sourcing

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Demonstration of Continuous Biobutanol Fermentation Integrated with Membrane Solvent Extraction

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Isobutanol (IBA), feedstock for an ASTM approved pathway for SAF production, can only be produced at low levels in fermentation (<2%) due to toxicity. Plus, there’s energy intensive recovery to consider – high heat input or

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DNV: A total 335 Alternative-Fueled Vessels Ordered so Far in 2024

(Safety4Sea)  Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director, DNV, explains that recent figures from DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insights (AFI) database reveal significant trends in the ordering of alternative fuelled vessels, despite a slow month in September. -- According to Stefanatos’ LinkedIn post, in

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Dutch Advertising Standards Reprimands MSC Cruises for Environmental Claims

(Maritime Executive)  Environmental groups are continuing their efforts to limit the claims of the shipping industry and specifically cruise ships for what they believe are aggressive statements about the impact and progress of the ships in the efforts to decarbonize. The

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ABS Approves Ammonia Fuel Supply System for Nikkiso Clean Energy & Industrial Gases

(Nikkiso) ABS issued an approval in principle (AIP) for a new ammonia fuel supply system (FSS) from Nikkiso Clean Energy & Industrial Gases, part of Nikkiso Co., Ltd.’s Industrial Division. The ammonia fuel supply system features high efficiency pumps and an

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Arkas Bunker Starts Supplying Bio24F Bunker Fuel in Türkiye

(Manifold Times) Firm refuelled Arkas Line’s container vessel, “Matilde A” with Bio24F biofuel, made by blending 24% ISCC-certified used cooking oil with 76% fuel oil. -- Arkas Bunker on Tuesday (1 October) said it has started to supply biofuel to the maritime

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WALLENIUS SOL Launches Biogas Offering

by Martha Arcos (WALLENIUS SOL) As part of its ongoing commitment to build a sustainable maritime infrastructure, WALLENIUS SOL is introducing a new offer that enables customers to 'Lighten the Load' and purchase biogas corresponding to their transport's fuel consumption. “It might

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Yara Drives Hydrogen Economy with New Ammonia Import Terminal

(Yara) Today, Yara International officially opened its new ammonia import terminal in Brunsbüttel, Germany. Brunsbüttel is located on the North Sea and Kiel Canal, making it an ideal hub for enabling the hydrogen economy in Germany. With the new terminal, Yara

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Happy Carbon Removal Day! October 3

Today is the first ever Carbon Removal Day! It's your day to join others around the world to launch the largest carbon removal effort in history. The goal of Carbon Removal Day is to get 100,000,000 people talking about carbon removal as

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It’s Go Time: Prepare Your Data Now For Biofuels Tax Credits

by Cheyenne Kramer (AgWeb/Top Producer Podcast) Mitchell Hora of Continuum Ag joins the Top Producer podcast to share why he believes taking advantage of these credits will be the biggest opportunity in agriculture. -- With ...–the clean fuel production tax credit for

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Is ‘All of the Above’ Back for Democrats?

by Kelsey Brugger, Emma Dumain, and Timothy Cama (Politico Pro Greenwire)  Vice presidential nominee Tim Walz uttered the phrase during his debate with Republican JD Vance. -- Tim Walz on Tuesday resurrected an expression that has disappeared from Democratic vernacular on energy policy

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California Assembly Passes Bill to Speed E15 Adoption

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magaziine)  The California Assembly on Oct. 1 voted in favor of a bill that aims to allow the sale of E15 fuel blends within the state. California is the only state that has not approved the

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PepsiCo Touts Prospects for Biodiesel; PepsiCo Sees Biodiesel as Sustainability Option for Trucking Fleet

by Chris Clayton (DTN Progressive Farmer)... PepsiCo teamed up with Clean Fuels Alliance America to show how PepsiCo is converting its semi-truck fleet to use more biodiesel and reach PepsiCo's ambitious "net-zero" emission goals. On a muggy afternoon, offering free cold

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Gadkari Calls For Lower GST On Flex-Fuel Cars to Encourage Biofuel Usage

(Press Trust of India/Outlook Planet)  Flex-fuel-compatible cars can run on more than one type of fuel and also on a mixture. Typically, a blend of petrol and ethanol or methanol is used --  At present, 28 percent GST is levied on vehicles

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Carbon Accounting and the Role of Biofuels in Decarbonization: Implications for Brazil and the G20

by Jefferson dos Santos Estevo, Laís Forti Thomaz, and Amanda Duarte Gondim (Boletim Lua Nova) The Energy Transition at the G-20  --  Brazil's presidency of the G-20 has led to debates on different themes and programs, which are consistent with the country's proposed motto, “Building a

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Air France-KLM Ramps up Its SAF Offtake Agreement with TotalEnergies, which Will Supply up to 1.5 Million Tons of More Sustainable Aviation Fuel over a 10-Year Period

(TotalEnergies) TotalEnergies and Air France-KLM have signed an agreement for TotalEnergies to supply up to 1.5 million tons of more sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to Air France-KLM Group airlines over a 10-year period, until 2035. This agreement marks one the largest SAF

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Next Wave and Lummus Produce World's First Renewable Alkylate

(Lummus Technologies/PR Newswire)  First-of-a-kind, bio-based alkylate is an industry breakthrough in producing clean fuels -- Lummus Technology and Next Wave Energy Partners, LP (Next Wave) announced the production of the world's first renewable alkylate. This renewable alkylate, derived from ethanol and produced

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The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to CO2 Valorization via Rewiring Carbon Metabolic Network

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Developing Carbon Negative Biorefinery with Gas-fermenting Bacteria is the focus of this project, focusing on Acetogens as model gas-fermenting anaerobes, with high energy efficiency and fast electron/carbon consumption making them potentially a new chassis for the

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Illinois Announces Incentives for SAF Project under Development at Previously Shuttered Ethanol Plant

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The government of Illinois on Sept. 30 announced Crysalis Biosciences Inc. will receive incentives under the state’s Reimagining Energy and Vehicles in Illinois (REV Illinois) program to support its sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) project under

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Senator Brown: Boosting Energy Independence and Biofuel Production with Ohio Farmers

(Office of US Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH)) I’m always looking for ways to grow new markets for Ohio farmers, and one industry where we see tremendous potential in Ohio is in biofuels – things like ethanol and sustainable aviation fuel and

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Global SAF Capacity Map

(Argus Media) Get a full view of SAF capacity around the world - now and in the future - with our interactive map. With mounting pressure from government mandates and directives from the global aviation industry, airlines across the world are being

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Treasury Aims to Publish Final Clean Hydrogen Rules by Year End

by Kelsey Tamborrino (Politico Pro)  The department is working to complete regulations for several tax provisions of the Democrats' climate law before the end of President Biden's term. -- The Treasury Department intends to finalize rules for the production of clean hydrogen

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Ethanol Groups Urge Book and Claim for CSA

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  USDA received testimony Tuesday at a public consultation on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and biofuel feedstocks urging federal agencies to embrace book-and-claim supply chain management approaches to decouple CSA carbon credits. Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper said

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QUOTE OF THE WEEK -- Freya Burton

(W)e don’t need to extract carbon anymore; there’s no need to take carbon out of the ground, because there’s enough above ground carbon to make everything we need. -- Freya Burton, LanzaTech chief sustainability officer quoted by Ag Funder News  READ

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Lessons from the Kitchen: of LanzaTech, a Protein Shake, New Markets, and Scooby-Doo

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) LanzaTech is back in the news with a budding venture based in manufacturing single-cell protein — usually a side product — as the main product for a new set of biorefineries they have in the pipeline. Plus,

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First-District Congressman Visits One of the First Dry Mill Ethanol Plants Built in Minnesota, Views the Ethanol Industry’s History and Future

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)  --  Rep. Brad Finstad visited Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) Producer Member, Greenfield Global Winnebago, on Sept 4 to see the investments being made into one of the first dry mill ethanol plants built in Minnesota and

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Drivers Save With Unleaded 88 In Coon Rapids

(Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association)   The Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) held an hour-long Unleaded 88 promotion at a Holiday station in Coon Rapids yesterday. Drivers who fueled up with Unleaded 88 during the promotion, which was held from 12 pm to 1 pm,

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Encyclis Completes HVO-Powered Energy-from-Waste Plant in “UK Industry First”

(Bioenergy Insight)  Encyclis has announced the completion of a pilot programme to replace diesel in the energy-from-waste process with sustainable hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO). The achievement is the result of a 12-month research and development programme to find out whether diesel could

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Vegreville, Alberta Issued BDO Zone ‘A’ Rating for Wheat Straw

(Bioeconomy Development Opportunity Zone Initiative) A’ Rating validates strong potential for investment in the Bio-Economy utilizing Wheat Straw in the Alberta HUB region – The Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (C-SAF), Alberta HUB, Town of Vegreville, Ecostrat and the BDO Zone Initiative are pleased to announce the issue

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CALL FOR SPEAKERS International Biomass Conference and Expo --- March 18-20, 2024 --- Atlanta, GA DEADLINE November 15, 2024

Showcase your expertise; Share your knowledge and perspectives to address critical industry issues and shape the future. Presentation ideas will be accepted for the 2024 International Biomass Conference & Expo through November 15, 2024. Presentation ideas may be submitted in one of

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Jamaica Shows Intent to Join Global Biofuel Alliance: MEA

(BigNewsNetwork.com)   Jamaica Prime Minister Andrew Holness has expressed Jamaica's intention to join the Global Fuel Alliance. Holness announced that Jamaica will support India's candidature for a United Nations Security Council non-permanent member for 2028-2029. While addressing a special briefing on Jamaica PM's

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Advanced Clean Fleets Rule 100 octane 100% SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election 2022 Election 2022 US Senate and House Campaign 2024 Election 2nd generation biofuels 3-D 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 40A 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit 45Q Carbon Oxide Sequestration Tax Credit 45V Hydrogen Production Tax Credit 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit 48C Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit 4th generation fuels 7% solution 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 96 octane 98 octane A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) abu Abu Dhabi acacia acetate acetic acid acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act adsorption Advanced Biofuel Payment Program advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production Advanced Clean Cars II Rule (ACC and ACCII) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerobic digestion aerosols Affordable Clean Energy Program (ACE) afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy air quality Aircraft engine emissions airports Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alcohol-to-diesel alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit Alternative Fuels Tax Credit (AFTC) aluminum Amazon American Indian Tribes American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) ammonia fuel cell ammonia price ammonia terminal amylose anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion and Energy Use in Transportation Model Angola anhydrous ethanol animal bedding animal fat animal feed animal waste Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust apple Appropriations APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentian Argentiina Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-C ARPA-E ARPA-Terra arrandi artificial intelligence Aruba Asia Asia Pacific asphalt/bitumen ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D396 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM D975 ASTM E3050 Denatured Ethanol for Cooking ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada atmosphere Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive aviation aviation fuel (SAF) benefits aviation fuel (SAF) mandates aviation fuel (SAF) price aviation fuel (SAF) production aviation fuel (SAF) pumps/delivery aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit aviation fuel (SAF) terminal Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Aviation Gasoline/AvGas avocado award awards/recognition Azerbaijan. b B0 B10 B100 B100 pumps B11 B12 B12.5 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B19 B2 B20 B24 B25 B3 B30 B30RD10 B33 B35 B4 B40 B49 B5 B50 B50RD50 B6 B60 B7 B70 B75 B8 B80 B98 B99 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors BIGoil billion ton study bio Bio LPG (Bio Liquid Petroleum Gas) bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy Bio-CNG pumps Bio-CNG/RNG terminal bio-LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG Pumps (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG terminal bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil/pyrolysis oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals biociiesel bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel pipeline biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioelectrochemical conversion bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) biofoundry Biofuel biofuel cells biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuel production biofuel tax credit Biofuels Directive biofuels education Biogas Biogas pipeline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline pumps biogenic carbon biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons biohydrogen BioIsoprene BioMADE biomanufacturing biomass Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower Biopreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) old 9003 Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance 9003 Program BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust black soldier fly Blend wall blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock blockchain blue carbon boat fuel boiler/furnace fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water brash Brassica Brazil breweries brine British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support 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