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The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to GTI Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) GTI Energy is an organization dedicated to advancing the economy-wide transformation needed to deeply decarbonize energy systems while supplying the energy needed to support rising

May 4, 2023 Read Full Article

USDA: Anaerobic Digestion Can Help Increase Value of Manure

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) The USDA’s Economic Research Service in March published a report that aims to help increase the value of animal manure for farmers. The document, in part,

April 10, 2023 Read Full Article

tcbiomass — September 10-12, 2024 — Itasca, IL

tcbiomass — September 10-12, 2024 — Itasca, IL

tcbiomass2024 focuses on the science of thermochemical conversion of biomass and municipal solid waste to renewable gas, liquid fuels, and chemicals. This international event draws attendees from around the world,

March 31, 2023 Read Full Article

Habemus Feedstock?
 The Conclave Gathers: The Pursuit of Circular Feedstocks for 
Renewable Chemicals and Materials

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … Yes, you can feed CO2, water and sunlight to the Terebinth and it will produce a precursor to clear plastic bottles. The two other

March 30, 2023 Read Full Article

Technology Advances in Liquid Biofuels and Renewable Gas – WS28 Summary Report

(IEA Bioenergy)  IEA Bioenergy held its biannual workshop on 17 October 2022 in Vienna, in conjunction with its Executive Committee meeting (ExCo90). The workshop on ‘Technology advances in liquid biofuels and

February 20, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to OMC Hydrogen

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Hydrogen is widely used throughout major industries such as petroleum and biofuels refining, ammonia production, and many other processes. When produced cleanly, hydrogen has the

February 6, 2023 Read Full Article

Raven SR Agrees to Supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Japan Airlines

(Raven SR/PR Newswire) Announcement marks one of Raven SR’s first agreements in aviation industry for SAF; Agreement to support 10-year supply deal; SAF to be produced from non-combustion conversion of

January 18, 2023 Read Full Article

Using Wood Waste to Remove Carbon from the Air and Produce Clean Hydrogen

(Mote) How climate technology startup Mote will drive decarbonization — … Our company has developed the best solution for the billions of tons of wood waste generated in the world every

January 12, 2023 Read Full Article

Sardinia Academy of Waste Management Training Webinars

Sardinia Academy of Waste Management Training Webinars

The SARDINIA ACADEMY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT is an annual online training programme promoted by IWWG – International Waste Working Group. The 1st edition has been held in 2021, from February to July, with a rich programme that

December 24, 2022 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to BTG Bioliquids

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) BTG Bioliquids technology enables customers to turn biomass residues into a renewable fuel: fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO). FPBO can be used to replace crude oil,

November 22, 2022 Read Full Article

SUN-to-LIQUID Project Publishes Successful Thermochemical Kerosene Production Using Solar Energy, Water and CO2 in an Integrated Solar Experimental Facility in the Scientific Journal Joule

(IMDEA Energy Institute)  Developing solar technologies for producing carbon-neutral aviation fuels has become a global energy challenge, but their readiness level has largely been limited to laboratory-scale studies. Here we

August 8, 2022 Read Full Article

SAF, RD via Cellulosic Feedstocks: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to BioTFueL technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Last week we took a Deep Dive into the BioTfuel technology in a special webinar on SAF, RD via Cellulosic Feedstocks. The BioTfueL project launched

July 25, 2022 Read Full Article

Hot Hydrofaction: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to Steeper Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Steeper Energy’s President, Perry Toms, shared this illuminating slide guide at ABLC on how hydrofaction – a proven thermochemical is advancing biofuels commercial acceptance. From

July 6, 2022 Read Full Article

H2 Industries to Develop US $1.4 Billion Waste-to-Hydrogen Plant in Oman

(H2 Industries/BCM Public Relations/CISION) H2-Industries and Public Establishment For Industrial Estates – Madayan have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to develop a waste-to-hydrogen plant in conjunction with PV solar power plants with base-load capacity in the

April 25, 2022 Read Full Article

GTI’s Terry Marker to Be Honored with Prestigious Don Klass Award at Upcoming tcbiomass2022

(GTI) GTI Senior Institute Engineer and Bioenergy Initiatives Manager, Terry Marker, will be presented with the prestigious 2022 Don Klass Award for Excellence in Thermochemical Conversion Science on April 20th at

April 5, 2022 Read Full Article

Spanish Project Will Allow to Produce Biogas and Renewable H2 at Low Cost

(Aqualia/FCC Medioambiente/NGV Journal) The ECLOSION project will develop new materials, technologies and processes for the generation, storage, transport and use in different applications, including vehicle fuel, of renewable hydrogen and biomethane,

February 17, 2022 Read Full Article

How to Replace 90% of U.S. Gas Consumption: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Ways2H

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  It’s the day after Thanksgiving and your trash pile of turkey bones and leftovers are nightmarish, but Ways2H has a solution by converting organic wastes,

November 26, 2021 Read Full Article

Enerkem Produces SAF from Forest Biomass

(Enerkem/Biomass Magazine) Enerkem, a world leader in the production of biofuels from waste materials, is proud to have achieved a major breakthrough in converting carbon from forest biomass into sustainable aviation

November 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Electrofuels Advance: Vattenfall, SAS, Shell, LanzaTech, US Air Force, Emerging Fuels Technology and Twelve Advance on Power-to-Liquids via Waste CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s a simple idea, using renewable electricity to induce carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons, you know, the stuff we burn as liquid

November 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Plant-Based Waste and Residues into Biofuel – Geeking out over Lignocellulose

by Richard Pallardy (Neste) Plant biomass, or lignocellulose, is the most abundant renewable carbon source on the planet. It has been around forever, but only now are we starting to

November 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Maersk Invests in Vertoro to Develop Green Lignin Marine Fuels

(Maersk) Maersk Growth, the corporate venture arm of A.P. Moller – Maersk, invests in Vertoro – a Dutch start-up focused on developing liquid lignin technology which can be used as

October 15, 2021 Read Full Article

BioSFerA Project Presented at ECOS 2021 Conference

(BioSFerA) CERTH team has successfully participated to the ECOS 2021 Conference presenting the paper ‘Aviation & maritime biofuels production via a combined thermochemical/biochemical pathway: A conceptual design and process simulation study’.  The

October 13, 2021 Read Full Article

New Waste-to-Hydrogen LOI between Ways2H and Valecom Positions Island of Martinique as a Blueprint for Caribbean

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) From California came news that Ways2H Inc., a global supplier of renewable hydrogen systems, and VALECOM, a Caribbean ecological and energy solutions provider, signed a

October 6, 2021 Read Full Article

Advanced Biofuels, Solid to Liquid Tech, Biocrudes: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Haldor Topsoe

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  If you missed this slide guide from ABLC Digital on what it will take for advanced biofuels to take off further, here’s your chance! Haldor

September 21, 2021 Read Full Article

UMD Researcher Awarded $6 Million from the U.S. Department of Energy to Create Value-Added Biofuels and Bioplastics from Food Waste

by Samantha Watters (University of Maryland)  Stephanie Lansing will serve as principal investigator, establishing a consortium of scientists and industry partners with the goal of creating renewable resources —  Stephanie Lansing,

September 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Recent Innovations in Turning Agricultural Waste into Biofuels

by Raj Shah and Amanda Loo (altenergymag.com/Koehler Instrument Company)  Wastes from fields and wastes from processing are the two kinds of agricultural wastes. Field wastes are present after harvesting crops

August 19, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels, RNG, SAF, Renewable Chem: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  You may know Praj as a biofuels company but this slide guide from ABLC Digital highlights their growth and expansion into more. Check out Praj’s

August 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Bioenergy’s Role in Decarbonizing Economy: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO & Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biomass is the world’s largest generator of renewable energy and this slide guide from BETO’s Acting Director, Valerie Reed, highlights the role that bioenergy and

August 12, 2021 Read Full Article

Aviation Leaders Say Biofuels Still Too Expensive

by Cécile Michaut (Institut Polytechnique de Paris/Biofuels Digest) Aviation is counting on the use of biofuels and petrol-free synthetic fuels to reduce carbon emissions. Technically it is possible, but some say

July 28, 2021 Read Full Article

From Biomass to Bug Zapper: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Bio-Insecticides

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Creating a sustainable, inexpensive bioinsecticide that leverages the inherent chemical functionality from thermochemical biomass conversion that can improve biofuel economics is one of National Renewable

July 12, 2021 Read Full Article

Creating Carbon-Negative ‘Green’ Hydrogen to Fuel Our World

(University of Canterbury)  University of Canterbury engineering researchers are developing a carbon-neutral – even carbon-negative – way to create clean ‘green’ hydrogen to power our world more sustainably. — University

July 9, 2021 Read Full Article

Therm vs Ferm – Which Has Bigger Returns?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In the battle between THERM vs FERM, today we look at a case study and what technology provides the best yields and returns given the economic

June 2, 2021 Read Full Article

Enzymatic Depolymerization, Catalysts, Reactive Extrusion: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Circular Plastics

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Enymatic hydrolysis, thermomechanical pretreatment, bioconversion and other ways to recycle plastic waste can change the way we look at plastics and polymers. Check out this

April 30, 2021 Read Full Article

BETO’s Bioenergy Data Workshop: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Bioenergy Data

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The U.S. Department of Energy’s EnergyEfficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) just released the workshop summary report from the virtual event they

April 13, 2021 Read Full Article

Waste-to-Hydrogen Tokyo Facility Ready to Rock – Is 2021 the Year of Hydrogen?

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) News comes from the Land of the Rising Sun that a first-of-its-kind Tokyo facility will convert sewage sludge into renewable hydrogen fuel is now complete.

April 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Continued Success for SoBT Researchers with Climate-Friendly Industrial Methodologies

(Dublin City University) A consortium led by researchers based in the School of Biotechnology at DCU continues to redefine the methodology employed in the distilling industry, towards improving sustainability in

February 17, 2021 Read Full Article

Hydrogen Is Hot! 584 Hydrogen Fueling Stations in 33 Countries, Ways2H Expansion, Preem, Siemens and More

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … What is making hydrogen so hot right now is the news that hydrogen fueling stations are having a dramatic acceleration in growth with

February 1, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels Need Cost-Effective Separations Tech: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Bioprocessing Separations Consortium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Four critical challenges in biochemical and thermochemical processing were addressed in the just released “Bioprocessing Separations Consortium Three-Year Overview” U.S. BETO report, including targeting the

January 5, 2021 Read Full Article

Biofuels, Plastics Upcycling, Cleaner Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to NextChem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  NextChem is focused on 3 solutions that all tie in together – cleaner hydrogen, biofuels and a circular economy. Find out why and how in

December 24, 2020 Read Full Article

Enerkem, Shell, Suncor, Proman’s New $669 Million Biofuels Baby

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In Quebec, Enerkem, Shell, Suncor and Proman have proposed the construction of an $669 million biofuel plant in Varennes, Québec, in partnership with the Québec

December 9, 2020 Read Full Article

Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Renewable Chemicals: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Catalyxx

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The world is awash in low-cost ethanol thanks to bioeconomy technology, but we’re not yet awash in high-value renewable chemicals — now, with new technology,

November 23, 2020 Read Full Article

NREL Recycles Biorefinery Waste Streams to Create High-Value Chemical Products

by Zia Abdullah (U.S. Department of Energy) Thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass is a promising route to produce renewable biofuels and oxygenated biochemicals while enabling the reuse, recovery, and recycling of

November 12, 2020 Read Full Article

Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technology: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Steeper Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Hydrofaction is Hot! Don’t take our word for it – dive into this new slide guide from Steeper Energy’s CEO Perry Toms who takes us

November 4, 2020 Read Full Article

How BETO is Developing the Next Generation of Biofuels: Insights from EERE Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Transportation and BETO Acting Director, Michael Berube

by Michael Berube (U.S. Department of Energy) Every October, we celebrate Bioenergy Day by spreading awareness of how the efforts of the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) are contributing to groundbreaking technologies

October 21, 2020 Read Full Article

California Bill Expands Definition of RNG

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine) California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill on Sept. 30 that significantly expands the definition of renewable natural gas (RNG) to include energy that comes from

October 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development

edited by Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet, Gade Pandu Rangaiah , Christian V. Stevens  (Wiley)  A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels production — Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together

October 15, 2020 Read Full Article

Competitive Edge: Velocys

by Helena Tavares Kennedy  (Biofuels Digest)  … Velocys is delivering the next generation of sustainable fuels to decarbonize aviation. We were founded from spinouts of Oxford University in the UK and

September 4, 2020 Read Full Article

Follow the Rainbow! The Digest Interview: Dr. Chaudhari at Praj Industries on 2020 and What the Future Holds

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  … The recent launch of Praj’s Bio-Prism platform comprises of renewable chemicals and materials (RCM) solutions and promises sustainability while reimagining nature. We are

August 31, 2020 Read Full Article

Celebrating National Aviation Day … and Commenting on How Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Is Tied to Future Sustainability, and Success, of the Enterprise

by Steve Csonka (Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative)  Today is National Aviation Day in the U.S., a recognition instituted by FDR in 1939, honoring the birthday of Orville Wright, but

August 19, 2020 Read Full Article

Nova Pangaea Set for Expansion Following Latest Funding Round

(Nova Pangaea) Nova Pangaea Technologies, the UK company which sustainably converts biomass into valuable feedstocks for biofuels, biochemicals and biopolymers, has raised a further £900,000 from investors following successful trials of

August 19, 2020 Read Full Article

Frontiers in the Bioeconomy: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Praj’s Bio-Mobility, 2G Ethanol & Renewable Chem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) At ABLC Digital in July, Pramod Kumbhar, President and CTO at Praj Matrix’s R&D Center shared this illuminating slide guide on their Bio-Mobility platform, enfinity

August 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Emerging Markets Publishes Renewable Diesel 2030 Report

by Will Thurmond (Emerging Markets)  Renewable Diesel 2030 is designed to help financiers, producers, developers, distributors, consultants and analysts with a fact-filled market guide detailing medium and long-term trends and

July 23, 2020 Read Full Article

What Is Needed for Green Liquid Fuels

by Jens Kehlet Nørskov (Technical University of Denmark) In 2019, the EU project Energy-X brought together around 150 leading catalysis and energy researchers to map out how to achieve fossil-free

July 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Technologies Office 2019 R&D State of Technology

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) funds research and development (R&D) on technologies necessary for the deployment and production of costcompetitive bioenergy, primarily

July 10, 2020 Read Full Article

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed by the City of Calgary with Steeper Energy Canada Ltd.

(Steeper Energy Canada)  The City of Calgary “The City” and Steeper Energy Canada Ltd. (“Steeper Energy”) are pleased to announce a new cooperation agreement, by way of an MoU, regarding

July 6, 2020 Read Full Article

Part 3 – A Third Pathway to Hydrogen: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Hydrogen from Biomass and Waste

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Ways2H shows us a third pathway towards energy decarbonization via waste to hydrogen. Check out this illuminating slide guide that looks at the need for

June 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Fugitive Methane, Eating Elephants, and Brewing Quarantine Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … We left the discussion with a hint about the potential conversion of methane to methanol, which can serve as a powerful chemical building block or, in China

June 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Implementation Agendas: 2018-2019 Update Compare and Contrast Transport Biofuels Policies

by Mahmood Ebadian, James D. McMillan, Jack (John) N. Saddler and Susan van Dyk (University of British Columbia, Canada/National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA/IEA Bioenergy) Global production and use of transport biofuels

May 29, 2020 Read Full Article

15 Newest Projects – Who’s Got What Underway?

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) While the world may be at a standstill,there are still many projects going on and moving forward. But where are these projects? Who’s involved? How

April 16, 2020 Read Full Article

Thermochemical Technology to Turn Trash to Treasure: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Enerkem’s Waste to Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Taking non-reyclable waste to sustainable chemicals and biofuels is Enerkem’s world. Current products from ‘trash’ include syngas, methanol and ethanol with alternative pathways currently under

December 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Better Biofuels with Biomass: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Axens and the BioTfueL Project

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  BioTfueL, originally launched by Total, is a project to produce biofuels via thermochemical conversion and

November 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Ready to Meet Market Growth?: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Biomass Gasification

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Missed The Digest’s webinar on Biomass Gasification? Wondering what it is or where it’s at? Biomass

August 7, 2019 Read Full Article

RE-CORD Signature of a Memorandum of Understanding with the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

(RE-CORD)  The Renewable Energy Consortium for Research and Demonstration (RE-CORD) signed today a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the U.S. Department of Energy’s

July 5, 2019 Read Full Article

European Research Project Claims Breakthrough in Production of Renewable Jet Fuels from Sunlight

(GreenAir Online)  A project funded by the EU and Switzerland claims to have made a breakthrough in producing renewable jet kerosene

June 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Potential to Decarbonize Long Distance Transport: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to Drop-in Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) IEA Bioenergy Task 39, with the help of the National Renewable Energy Lab and University of

June 14, 2019 Read Full Article

EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels

(Netzwerk Biotreibstoffe)  The 2nd EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels was organised by the Directorate General for Energy of the European Commission

June 3, 2019 Read Full Article

Thermochemical Pulp Biorefinery Opens in Ontario

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  FPInnovations and Resolute Forest Products Inc. announced May 27 the commissioning of a new pilot biorefinery

May 29, 2019 Read Full Article

Running on Refuse

by Matt Thompson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Enerkem is producing methanol and ethanol at its Edmonton, Alberta, plant, diverting up to 24

May 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Thermochemical Processes for Waste Recycling: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to KIT

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association has more than 9,000

April 12, 2019 Read Full Article

Algae-Derived Solar Fuel

(Algae Industry Magazine)  Susan Kraemer writes in solarpaces.org that to use solar thermal energy to convert farmed algae to fuel, the solar

April 3, 2019 Read Full Article

The Competitive Edge: Highbury Energy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … Highbury was founded in 2009 on the premise that the thermochemical conversion of biomass to

February 22, 2019 Read Full Article

tcbiomassplus2019 — October 7-9, 2019 — Rosemont, IL

tcbiomassplus2019 — October 7-9, 2019 — Rosemont, IL

Real World Solutions Through Green Technology  —  tcbiomassplus2019 focuses on the science of thermochemical conversion of biomass and municipal solid waste

February 13, 2019 Read Full Article

Sustainable Plastics – If We Want a Sustainable Future, It Will Be Driven by Companies

by Tomi Nyman (Pöyry/Biofuels Digest)  It seems like there is a never-ending deluge of negativity about plastics in the media. Yet for

January 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Bioenergy in California: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to California Energy Commission R&D

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  California Energy Commission Research & Development aims to improve bioenergy’s value proposition and role in supporting California’s

December 19, 2018 Read Full Article

SouthCoast a Possible Site Location for Waste-to-Ethanol Company

by Jennette Barnes (The Standard-Times/Herald News)  A Canadian waste-to-ethanol company is looking for its first U.S. location, and the SouthCoast is on

December 3, 2018 Read Full Article

Report on the Thermochemical Sciences Symposium at Auburn University

by Leyla Battista-Channell*  (Advanced Biofuels USA) Auburn, Alabama: Home to the Auburn tigers, the “loveliest village on the plains,” and

November 12, 2018 Read Full Article

Thermal Gasification of Biomass: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to TGoB in Italy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  IEA Bioenergy Task 33 is a working group of international experts with the aim to promote

November 7, 2018 Read Full Article

Waste Makes Haste: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Fulcrum BioEnergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fulcrum BioEnergy has developed a “game-changing process for converting municipal solid waste that would otherwise be

October 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Argonne GREET 2018 Update

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Illinois, a research team at Argonne National Lab released its GREET 2018 update. GREET is a

October 12, 2018 Read Full Article

DE-FOA-0001951: Request for Inforamtion (RFI): Understanding Catalyst Production and Development Needs at National Laboratories DEADLINE: October 22, 2018

(U.S. Department of Energy)   The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Bioenergy Technologies

October 5, 2018 Read Full Article

How Is CAAFI Engaging with Emerging Companies, and What Early-Stage Pathways Should SAJF Stakeholders Be Aware of?

(Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative) … Feedstocks: The companies are pursuing various feedstock categories, including algae, cellulosics, lipids, sugars, oilseeds,

August 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Pilot Sewage to Crude Oil Plant Gets $4 Million Funding

(Biofuels International)  $4 million AUD (€2.5 million) in funding is set to be provided to Australia’s Southern Oil Refining for a

August 2, 2018 Read Full Article

SET-Plan Steering Group Approved Implementation Plan of SET-Plan Action 8: Bioenergy and Renewable Fuels for Sustainable Transport

(European Technology and Innovation Platform-Bioenergy)  On 13 June 2018 the SET-Plan Steering Group approved the Implementation Plan of SET-Plan Action 8:

July 18, 2018 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Fulcrum BioEnergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fulcrum BioEnergy has developed a “game-changing process for converting municipal solid waste that would otherwise

May 23, 2018 Read Full Article

Secretary Perry Announces Up to $78 Million for Bioenergy Research Funding Opportunities LOI due May 30, 2018

Today, U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry announced four funding opportunities totaling up to $78 million to support early-stage bioenergy

May 3, 2018 Read Full Article

Alchemy for Modern Times: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to CRI/GTI’s IH2 Process

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The IH2 process was developed by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) of Des Plaines, Illinois—a research, development, and

March 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Department of Energy’s 2017 Project Peer Review Report

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted the 2017 Project Peer Review on

February 6, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Drop-in Biofuels, More Please Sir: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Jumping Bio-Oil Yields

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Improving hydrogen utilization and carbon recovery, as a pathway to higher efficiency bio-oil production using thermochemical

January 29, 2018 Read Full Article

Insights from IEA Task 36

By Michael Eggleston* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  On December 5th, 2017 the Institute of Technical Chemistry (ITC) at Karlsruhe Institute of

January 12, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Affordable, Low-Capex GTL Is Here: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide Guide to Velocys

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Velocys enables modular gas-to-liquids and biomass-to-liquids plants to convert unconventional, remote and problem gas and waste

January 4, 2018 Read Full Article

No Crop Left Behind: Inside the USDA’s Bioeconomy Feedstock Strategy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … You’d be forgiven if you mistook Ahb Subi Banr-Sbar for a well-placed official in the Iranian

November 13, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Secretary of Energy Rick Perry Announces Integrated Biorefinery Optimization Projects

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Today (September 20, 2017), U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry announced that the Department of Energy (DOE) has

September 21, 2017 Read Full Article

Takin’ Out the Oxygen with Electro-Deoxygenation: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Upgrading Bio-Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The US Department of Energy is supporting a project to demonstrate the techno‐economic feasibility of upgrading

September 19, 2017 Read Full Article

Commercial Path to Algae Biofuels: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Thermochemical Algae Processing

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The US Department of Energy is supporting a project on hydrothermal liquefaction — a thermochemical

September 6, 2017 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech/PNNL Syngas-to-ATJ Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The US Department of Energy initiated a project to advance a hybrid conversion technology for catalytic

August 29, 2017 Read Full Article

A New Research and Innovation Project Will Foster Europe-Brazil Cooperation on Advanced Lignocellulosic Biofuels

(BECOOL/AltEnergyMag) A new Horizon 2020 project will foster cooperation between Europe and Brazil in the development of advanced biofuels from

June 5, 2017 Read Full Article

Presentations from BETO’s 2017 Project Peer Review Now Online

On March 6–9, 2017, BETO hosted its biennial Project Peer Review in Denver, Colorado. During the event, approximately 192 projects

May 26, 2017 Read Full Article

The Digest’s Complete March Madness Webinars Available Online

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest’s Complete March Madness webinars – 700+ slides available for your on-demand review.  —

May 5, 2017 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Cellulosic Biofuels – When, Where and How?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest had a well-received webinar on cellulosic ethanol, featuring in-demand industry consultants Michele Rubino  and Michael Schultz,

May 5, 2017 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Thermochemical Technology Horizons

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Digest had a well-receive webinar on thermochemical technology horizons, featuring former DOE Biomass Program

May 1, 2017 Read Full Article

The King of Biofuels: The Digest’s 2017 Multi-Slide Guide to Pyrolysis’ Progress and Prospects, Pt 1

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Not long ago, George Huber and Robert Brown wrote in a special issue of Energy

April 24, 2017 Read Full Article

Lignocellulosic Biomass Deconstruction

Bernard Cooker (Chemical Processing Solutions/Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  Cheap, plentiful lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is

April 13, 2017 Read Full Article

Iowa State Engineer Helps Journal Highlight How Pyrolysis Can Advance the Bioeconomy

(Iowa State University)  A special issue of the journal Energy Technology details the latest advances in pyrolysis technologies for converting

February 23, 2017 Read Full Article

Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels, Volume One: Biofeedstocks and Their Processing

(Scrivener Publishing)  The most comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of all the possible aspects for biofeedstock processing and the production of

February 18, 2017 Read Full Article

Global Biofuels to Rise to 67 Billion Gallons in 2022 as Next-Generation Technologies Take Over

(Lux Research, Inc.)  Advanced biofuels will nearly double in five years to 9.6 billion gallons per year as first-generation fuels

February 16, 2017 Read Full Article

The Carbon Negative Power Machine. Get One While Supplies Last.

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) News has arrived from Denver (the company) and the UK (the project and partners) that

December 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Energy Department Announces Six Projects for Pilot- and Demonstration-Scale Manufacturing of Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biopower

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Today, the Energy Department (DOE) announced the selection of six projects for up to $12.9 million

December 28, 2016 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to Fulcrum BioEnergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fulcrum BioEnergy has developed a “game-changing process for converting municipal solid waste that would otherwise

November 9, 2016 Read Full Article

NREL Lowers Biofuel Costs Through Catalyst Regeneration and Vapor-Phase Upgrading

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This past June, researchers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in partnership with Particulate Solids

October 7, 2016 Read Full Article

Understanding Biofuel Standards

By Angela Fivga and Zsuzsa A. Mayer (Lee Enterprises Consulting, Inc./Biofuels Digest)  The analysis and standardization of biofuels are in

October 3, 2016 Read Full Article

Biorenewables Megatrends: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to the Advanced Bioeconomy’s Progress

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This week, we conducted a webinar on Biorenewables Megatrends with NEXANT principal Ron Cascone, who gave

August 26, 2016 Read Full Article

Mitigating Risk in Cellulosic: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to Genera Energy’s Portfolio Approach

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Genera Energy “leads the nation in the commercialization of integrated biomass supply chain solutions for

July 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Where Did Biofuels Technologies Come from?

by Gerald Kutney  (Lee Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  … From the time of the caveman until the early Industrial Revolution, biofuels – namely wood

June 2, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Sweden Takes the Lead in Biofuel-Use in Europe

by Tomas Ekbom (Task 39 May 2016 Newsletter)  The production and use of biofuels in Sweden have increased substantially since the

May 20, 2016 Read Full Article

Affordable, Drop-In Hydrocarbons from Wood: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to CRI/GTI’s IH2 process

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The IH2 process was developed by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) of Des Plaines, Illinois—a research, development,

February 9, 2016 Read Full Article

BETO Director Shares Highlights from tcbiomass2015

(US Department of Energy)  Learn about recent updates in thermochemical biomass conversion science from BETO Director Dr. Jonathan Male, who

January 29, 2016 Read Full Article

Shell India to Build New Demo Biofuel Plant in Bangalore

(Biofuels International)  Shell India Markets, the Indian arm of Royal Dutch Shell, has announced plans to build a five tonne/day

January 14, 2016 Read Full Article

REACHing towards Cellulosic Fuels: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to Mercurius

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Mercurius says it “has the technology and processes that will, for the first time, make

December 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Solvents, Plasticizers, Coalescers, Emollients: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to xF Technologies

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  xF Technologies Inc. is an Albuquerque, NM based company that has developed a thermochemical process

December 15, 2015 Read Full Article

Boeing, Canadian Aviation Industry Launch Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Project

(PR Newswire)  Boeing (NYSE: BA), the University of British Columbia (UBC) and SkyNRG, with support from Canada’s aviation industry and

December 3, 2015 Read Full Article

IH2 Technology Licensed for Demonstration Plant

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Norwegian company to convert woody biomass into transportation fuels  —  In Texas, SynSel Energi has

September 9, 2015 Read Full Article

Poplar Trees Are Best Bet for Biofuel in UW-Led Research Project

by Michelle Ma (University of Washington Today)  Groves of poplar trees could one day fuel our vehicles and be the

September 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Forest Concepts Awarded SBIR Contract to Improve Biomass Drying

by Forest Concepts LLC (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Forest Concepts LLC was recently notified that it has been awarded a Small

August 17, 2015 Read Full Article

Swedish Energy Agency Will Invest €19,2 Million in a Biofuel Production Research

(FORDAQ)  The Swedish Energy Agency (SEA) is investing SEK 180 million (€19,2 million) in two new research programs to develop more

July 10, 2015 Read Full Article

United Airlines Purchases Stake in Fulcrum BioEnergy with $30 Million Investment

(United Airlines/PR Newswire)  Airline has opportunity to purchase at least 90 million gallons of sustainable aviation biofuel a year — Single

June 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Bioenergy Innovations Presented at Department of Energy BETO Project Peer Review

by Osaretin Omorodion* (Advanced Biofuels USA) During late March 2015, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)

May 19, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Downsize Bioenergy Risk while Approaching Scale: Partnering with ZeaChem’s Technology Institute

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) For most investors, building a demonstration-scale facility in order to get, and validate, data for the

April 28, 2015 Read Full Article

BETO’s 2015 Project Peer Review March 23-27 Alexandria, VA

  BETO’s 2015 Project Peer Review March 23-27 Alexandria, VA

The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) is hosting the 2015 Project Peer Review on March 23–27, 2015, at the Hilton Mark

March 4, 2015 Read Full Article

2015 Sun Grant Conference: Academia Jumps One Step Forward and Shows What Will Be the Future of Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Utilization in the Southeastern USA

Author, Dan Quadros, in Auburn, Alabama. by Danilo Gusmão de Quadros* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  After two days (February 2-3, 2015)

February 25, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Top 10 Bioeconomy and Biofuels Predictions for 2015

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A mere “The Year in Rewind” as we reach the end of 2014? Not the

January 2, 2015 Read Full Article

BETO Releases Process Integration and Carbon Efficiency Workshop Summary Report

(US Department of Energy)  On June 11–12, 2014, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

December 18, 2014 Read Full Article

Feedstocks, Techniques, and Enzymes: The Critical Trio in Any Cellulosic Ethanol Project

(Global BioBusiness)  It may be surprising to know that, strictly speaking, there is no such thing as “cellulosic ethanol”. Instead,

December 8, 2014 Read Full Article

Five Things to Know about Biorefinery Investments

by Alicia Moulton (U.S. Department of Energy)  … These cellulosic ethanol plants managed by Abengoa, POET-DSM, and INEOS are three of

October 30, 2014 Read Full Article

Developers of the First Cellulosic Plants Share Updates at FEW

by  Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  … A week before the FEW, Enerkem Inc. celebrated the inauguration of its 10 MMgy

June 12, 2014 Read Full Article

Making Silk Purses from Sows Ears: Converting Waste Into Energy and Biofuels, Pt 1 and 2

by Tim Sklar (Biofuels Digest) Part 1 … It seems that many of the companies providing new biofuels technologies do not

March 27, 2014 Read Full Article

Cellulosic Ethanol Fights for Life

by Mark Peplow (Nature)  Pioneering biofuel producers hope that US government largesse will ease their way into a tough market. …Thousands

March 13, 2014 Read Full Article

What Happened to Biofuels?

(The Economist) Energy technology: Making large amounts of fuel from organic matter has proved to be more difficult and costly than

September 6, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest’s 5-Minute Guide to Loan Guarantees: Who Got ‘Em, What’re They Doing?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In today’s Digest – visit our 5-Minute Guide to Loan Guarantees — INEOS Bio, Myriant, Sapphire Energy,

July 30, 2013 Read Full Article

International Energy Agency Publishes Global Update of Advanced, Cellulosic Projects

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 39 group recently published a report that outlines

May 8, 2013 Read Full Article

IEA Says Cellulosic Biofuels Capacity Has Tripled since 2010: New Task 39 Global Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The International Energy Agency, through its Task 39 group, has published its 207-page report on

April 5, 2013 Read Full Article

Davy Process Technology Ltd and SEKAB E-Technology Form Strategic Partnership

(SEKAB/Davy Process Technology)  Davy Process Technology Limited (Davy), a Johnson Matthey company, andSEKAB, a leading player in the field of

March 13, 2013 Read Full Article

Anellotech and the Advent of the Green ‘Enes

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Fast pyrolysis developer plans to rapidly expand green benzene and toluene production in 2013 for

March 12, 2013 Read Full Article

Thermochemical Conversion of Duckweed Biomass to Gasoline, Diesel, and Jet Fuel: Process Synthesis and Global Optimization

by Richard C. Baliban, Josephine A. Elia, Christodoulos A. Floudas, Xin Xiao, Zhijian Zhang , Jie Li , Hongbin Cao, Jiong

March 8, 2013 Read Full Article

EPA Issues Final Rule for Additional Qualifying Renewable Fuel Pathways under the RFS Program

(Environmental Protection Agency)   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking final action to identify additional fuel pathways that

February 25, 2013 Read Full Article

Biowaste: Driving Fuels

by Mona-Maria Brinker & Roger Coombs (Waste Management World)  Rising prices, continued conflict in producing regions and the spectre of peak

February 12, 2013 Read Full Article

KBR Selected by CRI Catalyst Company LP to Develop Engineering Packages for IH2 Process

(KBR) KBR announced it was selected by CRI Catalyst Company (CRI) as the preferred Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) partner

January 18, 2013 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest Announces Awards for Achievement in Development of Bio/Renewable Fuels, Chemicals, Materials

Biofuels Digest announced its annual awards for achievement in the development of biofuels, renewable chemicals and biobased materials – all

December 31, 2012 Read Full Article

DE-FOA-0000812: Carbon, Hydrogen and Separation Efficiencies in Bio-Oil Conversion Pathways(CHASE BIO-OIL PATHWAYS)

(US Department of Energy) This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will address research and development (R&D) challenges that were identified at a

December 17, 2012 Read Full Article

NC A&T Earns National Science Foundation Funding to Open Bioenergy Center

(National Science Foundation)  The Bioenergy Center at North Carolina A&T State University (NCA&T) will be an educational and research resource

November 2, 2012 Read Full Article

Fulcrum Receives Conditional USDA Loan Guarantee for Nev. Plant

by Sue Retka Schill (Biomass Magazine) Fulcrum BioEnergy Inc. received a $105 million condition loan guarantee from the USDA, putting its

August 8, 2012 Read Full Article
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International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA Jamaica Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education kalanchoe Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg M3 M15 M100 macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona mandate mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) methanol-to-jetfuel Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol fuel cells methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Environmental Policy Act National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety 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octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil/gas terminals oil embargo oil exploration oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic 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Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower SAF pipeline sago pond weed SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush salt water Sanctions Santa Monica Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver simarouba Singapore Singpore SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil 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