Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2)

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US EPA to Extend Renewable Fuel Standard Compliance Deadline for Refiners

by Jarrett Renshaw and Siddharth Cavale (Reuters)  EPA says it will announce extension in upcoming formal action; Agency aims to decide all pending small-refiner waiver requests by end of August; Small refiners ​sought waivers arguing it was too costly to comply with RFS The

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EPA: 4 New SRE Petitions Filed, 40 SRE Petitions Currently Pending

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on Aug. 20 published updated Renewable Fuel Standard data, reporting that four new small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions were filed under the program during the past month. A total of 40 SRE

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Biofuels Markets Report: Advanced Biofuels

by Andrew Snook (Canadian Biomass) ... To learn more about the current state and future of Canada’s biofuels, Canadian Biomass reached out to leaders in the wood pellet, biogas and advanced biofuels sectors to discuss what lies ahead. This article covers

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Thune Says Year-Round Higher Ethanol Blend Will Require Compromising with Small Oil Refiners

by Joshua Haiar (South Dakota Searchlight) The year-round sale of higher ethanol-blended gasoline, called E15, does not have enough votes in the U.S. Senate unless it comes with compromises for small oil refineries, said Majority Leader John Thune, R-South Dakota. ... Without a

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US Refiners Face RIN Crunch as Biofuel Mandate Outpaces Supply

by Janet McGurty (S&P Global)  D4 RIN generation hits 43% of mandate by midyear; Refiners may cut gasoline supply or draw RIN banks; Zero biodiesel imports compound compliance pressure US refiners are confronting a potential fuel production bottleneck in the second half of 2026

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ADM Raises 2026 Profit Outlook as Biofuels Demand Surges

by Erin Ailworth (Farm Progress/Bloomberg)  Crop trader's Q2 earnings beat expectations as company expands oilseed capacity. China soybean purchases and ethanol exports remain robust drivers.  --  Archer-Daniels-Midland Co. raised its 2026 profit outlook for a second time, as the crop trader increasingly looks

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EPA Allows New Exemptions from Biofuel Mandate

by Marc Heller (E&E News) EPA granted one full exemption and two partial exemptions in its latest decision on petitions from small refineries.  --  EPA announced mixed decisions Monday on six petitions by refineries seeking to temporarily sidestep biofuel-blending mandates, a topic

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US Refiner Valero Says Tax Credit Overhaul, Registration Hurdles Have Slowed Biofuel Imports

by Siddharth Cavale (Reuters) Few registrations from foreign producers make meeting EPA mandates difficult, Valero executive says; Elimination of tax credits for imported biofuels also stifling imports, executive says; Economist disputes Valero claim that importer registrations are ​constraining 2026 compliance U.S. biofuel imports are

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EPA Weighs RFS Deadline Extension Amid High Renewable Credit Costs, Sources Say

by Jarrett Renshaw and Siddharth Cavale (Reuters) EPA weighs extending Sept. 1 biofuel compliance deadline as refiners face high costs and market uncertainty; Delay could give refiners relief from high RIN prices and more time to plan compliance strategies; Extension could allow EPA

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EPA Commits to Ruling on Remanded SRE Petitions by Aug. 3

by Erin Krueger (Biodiesel Magazine) In a court filing made July 28, the U.S. EPA announced it will issue a decision on two Renewable Fuel Standard compliance year 2024 small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions filed by Alon Refining and HF Sinclair

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EPA Regulatory Silence on 2028 Biofuel Targets Risks Future Market Instability

by Evelyn Olson (OPIS Insight) The Trump Administration’s Unified Agenda, released on July 3, conspicuously omits the 2028 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) volume requirements (Set 3) from the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) 2026 rulemaking agenda. The Unified Agenda is the government’s

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U.S. Biofuel Boom: What’s Driving Record Soybean Crush, and Will It Fuel Higher Prices?

by Tyne Morgan (AgWeb) Data shows soybean crush and renewable diesel output are hitting all-time highs, driven by strong domestic biofuel policy, while new U.S. tariffs on Brazilian tallow add fresh demand in the biofuel feedstock market. ... According to Susan Stroud, founder

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US EPA Approves Chevron Facility-Specific Fuel Pathway for CoverCress Oil under RFS

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Chevron received its facility-specific pathway approval for CoverCress oil in mid-July from the U.S. EPA under the federal Renewable Fuel Standard program. CoverCress, a modified version of field pennycress, is a rotational cash crop that combines

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HF Sinclair Sues EPA over Biofuel Exemption Delays

by Elizabeth Elkin (Bloomberg News/Transport Topics) Energy company says EPA has delayed decisions on refinery exemptions from blending mandates  --  HF Sinclair Corp. is suing the Environmental Protection Agency for continuing to delay a decision on exemptions from mandates requiring refiners to blend

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Congressman Bentz, Thompson, Merkley, Hyde-Smith Introduce "Wildfire Reduction Market Expansion Act of 2026"

(Office of Congressman Cliff Bentz (R-OR 2nd)) Congressman Cliff Bentz (R-OR) and Congressman Bennie Thompson (D-MS) joined Senators Merkley (D-OR), and Hyde-Smith (R-MS) in introducing the “Wildfire Reduction Market Expansion Act of 2026”. This bipartisan legislation intends to expand the definition

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CME Group Launches Sorghum Basis Futures to Meet Global Feed, Export and Biofuel Demand

(CME Group)  CME Group, the world's leading derivatives marketplace, today announced plans to launch Sorghum basis futures. Trading is expected to start on August 24, 2026, pending regulatory review. Sorghum is a versatile commodity uniquely positioned to meet global demand from the

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Toyota, BMW, and Bosch Back Renewable Gasoline as Race for Net-Zero Cars Widens

by Jennifer L (Carbon Credits)  ... Toyota, BMW, Bosch, and Repsol have started a six-month pilot in Spain. They will test 100% renewable gasoline in real-world driving conditions. About 20 Toyota and BMW production vehicles will use Repsol Nexa 100% Renewable

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NACS Asks Federal Court to Reverse EPA Small Refinery Exemptions

(National Association of Convenience Stores) NACS argues exemptions are unwarranted because compliance costs are priced into the cost of fuel.  --  In a federal court filing on Friday (July 17, 2026), NACS shared industry expertise on small refinery exemptions issued under the

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RINs in a Frenzy: Assessing the Record Highs --- August 18, 2026 --- ONLINE

Prices for Renewable Identification Number (RIN) credits used for compliance under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) have surged to record-high levels in response to the finalized targets released in March by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Obligated refiners and importers

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Feedstock Prequalification

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Fragmented global certification regimes demand multiple redundant audits for a single feedstock, multiplying administrative burdens without delivering incremental environmental benefits. Because verification costs are fixed per audit rather than volume-based, this fragmentation disproportionately burdens small and

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EPA: 2 New SRE Petitions Filed, 42 SRE Petitions Currently Pending

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on July 16 released updated Renewable Fuel Standard data, reporting that two new small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions were filed under the program during the past month. A total of 42 SRE

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Freedom to Choose? Not When It Comes to Fuels

by Doug Durante (Clean Fuels Development Coalition/Biofuels Digest)  ... The very idea that the ethanol and ag community needed to negotiate unrelated concessions to the oil industry in order to allow retailers and others to choose to use 5 percent more

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Record US Biofuel Mandates Spark Unlikely European Import Surge

by Cole Martin and Elizabeth Elkin (Bloomberg) • An “America-first” fuel policy is triggering an influx of biofuel imports from Europe, with more than 13 million gallons of biodiesel arriving in the US since the beginning of May. The US finalized record-high

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Regulatory Agenda Released by the White House Office of Management and Budget on July 3 -- U.S. Department of the Treasury Plans to Issue Final 45Z Regulations in November 2026.

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  ... U.S. Department of the Treasury currently plans to issue final 45Z clean fuel production credit regulations in November 2026.  Information on Treasury’s 45Z rulemaking process is one of hundreds of regulatory actions summarized in the

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New Poll: Americans Strongly Support RFS, Want Energy Independence

(Renewable Fuels Association)  With Independence Day approaching and gas prices remaining stubbornly elevated, a new nationwide poll of more than 2,000 registered voters found a strong majority of Americans support the Renewable Fuel Standard and believe renewable fuels—like ethanol—play a key

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Iowa Biodiesel Board Approaches 20 Years as a Champion of Biodiesel

by Dave Walton (American Soybean Association/Biobased Diesel Daily)   The organization has cemented and proven its important role in the livelihood of Iowa’s soybean farmers and biodiesel producers alike.  --  Next year, the Iowa Biodiesel Board will celebrate its 20th anniversary—two decades

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Jefferson’s Fields, Adams’s Markets: The Farm Bill Debate at America 250 (Parts 1, 2 and 3 of “Action by the US Government”)

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... (Former US president Thomas) Jefferson believed that the nation’s strength would arise from its land, its farmers, its capacity for self-sufficiency, and the vast possibilities of continental expansion. (Former US president John) Adams believed

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Optimizing Renewable Diesel Production with Advanced Pretreatment

(Imerys/Biobased Diesel Daily)  ... Feedstock variability, however, is a hindrance to optimal throughput. As feedstock blends evolve to meet new regulations and economic realities, producers must manage a wide spectrum of inconsistent contaminant profiles. These fluctuating inputs can contain unpredictable levels

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Impact of Final RVOs on Projected Biomass-Based Diesel Feedstock Use for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University/University of Illinois/farmdoc daily)  The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the “Set 2” rule at the end of March, establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2026

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The RFS Takes a Bold New Course

By Donnel Rehagen (Clean Fuels Alliance America) EPA’s Final Renewable Fuel Standards for 2026 and 2027 are remarkable. It’s easy to say the agency set volumes at historic levels, of course. But more than that, for the first time EPA prioritized

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Circularity Fuels Converts Raw Dairy Biogas to Jet Fuel in World First End-to-End Pilot

(Circularity Fuels/Business Wire)  With projected commercial capital costs at roughly one-fifth of European SAF plants currently planned, Circularity offers airlines a low-cost path to mandated fuel volumes and a new revenue stream for farmers  Circularity Fuels today announced it has completed the

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Clean Energy Begins Producing RNG at East Valley Cattle, One of the Largest Dairies in the Country

(Clean Energy) Clean Energy Fuels Corp. (NASDAQ: CLNE) has announced it has completed its eighth dairy renewable natural gas (RNG) production facility in Jerome, Idaho – one of the largest single-site dairies and RNG facilities in North America. East Valley Cattle

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Clean Fuels’ Letter to President Trump Highlights Economic Benefits for Farmers, Rural Communities Flowing from RFS Rule

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) Today, on the EPA-established effective date for the 2026-2027 Renewable Fuel Standard volumes, Clean Fuels Alliance America delivered a letter to President Donald Trump once again thanking the administration and EPA for the historic volumes. The letter

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Fact Check: The R Street Institute Blows It Again

(Renewable Fuels Association) Earlier today (June 12, 2026), the R Street Institute—a self-described “think tank whose work is grounded in liberty and freedom”—published an opinion piece (heavy emphasis on “opinion”) on ethanol policy. It’s a real doozy, chock full of myths

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Impact of Final RVOs on Projected Biomass-Based Diesel Production and Imports for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University/University of Illinois/farmdoc daily) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final “Set 2” rule establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2026 and 2027 at the end

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AFPM Suing EPA over RFS ‘Set 2 Rule,’ This Administration’s Most Expensive Regulation

(American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers)  The American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) filed a lawsuit Friday in the DC Circuit court challenging the 2026-2027 Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) volumes finalized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in March. EPA’s “Set 2

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Strong Market Signals

by Lisa Gibson (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Record-high Renewable Volume Obligations in the RFS Set 2, lucrative 45Z Production Tax Credits, continuously growing export demand and surging oil and gas prices highlighting the need for E15: The ethanol industry is in the

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RFA Pushes for Ethanol’s Role in Cleaner Marine Shipping

by Mark Dorenkamp (Brownfield Ag News) The Renewable Fuels Association wants to ensure ethanol is part of any discussions about reducing global marine shipping emissions. RFA vice president of government affairs Ed Hubbard says the International Maritime Association continues to develop a

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Clean Maritime Fuels and Policy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) With shipping accounting for three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, momentum is accelerating for low-carbon maritime fuels. Legislative developments like the Inflation Reduction Act’s technology-neutral Section 45Z tax credit and the proposed Renewable Fuels for

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2026 On-Demand EcoForums Training Series

(EcoEngineers) Navigating Low‑Carbon Fuel and Transportation Regulations & Life-Cycle Analysis Fundamentals  --  As part of our EcoUniversity training program, we are proud to launch a new EcoForums Training Series designed to help professionals build critical skills and regulatory literacy in the fast-moving

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Iowa Biodiesel Industry Back in Business and on the Road to Recovery

by Jenna Rose (River Cities' Reader) The Iowa biodiesel industry is largely back up and running, buoyed by long-awaited federal Renewable Fuel Standard renewable volume obligations (RVOs) and the 45Z clean fuel production tax credit. While the path ahead involves recovery,

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EPA: 3 New SRE Petitions Filed, 40 SRE Petitions Currently Pending

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. EPA on May 21 published data showing three new small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions have been filed under the Renewable Fuel Standard during the past month. I total of 40 SRE petitions are

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Defining Renewable Biomass

by Tim Portz (Pellet Fuels Institute/Biomass Magazine) ... While our member’s sawmill and pellet plant were spared by the fire, thousands of acres of timber owned by the family were not. In follow-up conversations after the fire, I learned my member

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Ethanol Production Plant Setup, Feasibility Study, ROI Analysis and Business Plan Consultant

(IMARC Group/EIN Presswire) A Detailed DPR Covering CapEx, OpEx, Machinery, ROI Analysis, and the Full India E20-to-E30 Investment Opportunity for Entrepreneurs and Institutional Investors Setting up an ethanol production plant is one of the safest manufacturing investments you can make right now.

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Dissecting RFS Set 2 (2026 and 2027 Renewable Fuel Standard Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs))

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on March 27 finalized the 2026 and 2027 Renewable Fuel Standard renewable volume obligations (RVOs) at levels higher than originally proposed. The increase, however, is primarily attributed to delayed implementation of provisions

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US Oil Refiners Finally Profit from Biofuels Due to Mandates, High Fuel Prices

by Nicole Jao and Siddharth Cavale (Reuters) EPA mandates boost biofuel blending, driving refiner profits; RIN credit prices surge over 80%, enhancing biofuel profits; Soyoil costs, limited supply could limit biodiesel output, analysts say U.S. oil refiners are finally reaping profits from renewable fuels,

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US Oil Refiners Finally Profit from Biofuels Due to Mandates, High Fuel Prices

by Nicole Jao and Siddharth Cavale (Reuters/MSN)  U.S. oil refiners are finally reaping profits from renewable fuels, which had squeezed margins for years, but now demand has surged thanks to recent government biofuel mandates and rising diesel prices driven by the

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How Did the Ethanol Boom of the 2000s Impact Farm Values in the Midwest?

by Addison DeHaven (South Dakota State University/Phys.Org)  The U.S. ethanol industry experienced its first major "boom" in the early 2000s, thanks to changes in U.S. energy policies—particularly biofuel mandates—along with the surging crude oil prices and the phaseout of a fuel

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House Passes Bill for Year-Round E15 Ethanol Fuel Sales, Splitting Republicans

by Emily Brooks (The Hill) The House on Wednesday passed a bill to codify year-round sales of E15 ethanol fuel, a major win for members from corn-producing states but one that drew fierce opposition from other Republicans.  The vote was 218-203, with

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Biogas Recovery and Co-Digestion

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The U.S. currently recovers significant biogas, generating enough renewable electricity for 2.4 million homes. While landfills produce the majority, agricultural and food waste digesters are rapidly expanding. Co-digesting manure with food waste or perennial grasses significantly

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: The Challenge of Meeting D4 Biomass-Based Diesel RIN Generation for 2026-2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (Oklahoma State University and University of Illinois/farmdoc daily) On March 27, 2026, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final “Set 2” rule establishing Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs) under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)

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E15 and the Farm Bill: 
A Gettysburg and Vicksburg Story

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Because this week on Capitol Hill, rural energy advocates found themselves fighting on two fronts at once: the loud, highly visible struggle over year-round E15, and the slower, grinding campaign to move a long-stalled

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Ethanol Free: Anti-ethanol Rhetoric and Misinformation Have Reached a Fever Pitch

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association) ... Without a shred of credible evidence or analysis, the anti-E15 crowd suggests that simply allowing retail gas stations to voluntarily offer E15 would somehow lead to “higher gas prices” and restricting SREs to truly

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PBF Reports Increased Renewable Diesel Production for Q1

by Erin Krueger (Biodiesel Magazine) PBF Energy Inc. on April 30 announced the St. Bernard Renewables facility produced approximately 16,700 barrels pe day of renewable diesel during the first quarter of 2026, up from 10,000 barrels per day during the same

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Domestic Biofuel Feedstock Opportunities

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The USDA outlines shifting dynamics in the biofuel sector, highlighting the surge in fats, oils, and greases for renewable diesel production over traditional Midwestern biodiesel. A major newsworthy conflict centers on international carbon accounting: CORSIA’s risk

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Fight over Turning Wood to Biofuel Looms for Farm Bill

by Marc Heller (Politico Pro Greenwire) A proposal to boost low-value woody material as a biofuel feedstock failed in the House last week — but it's likely to reemerge in the Senate. --  A long-brewing battle over converting wood to energy is

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Castlerock Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Castlerock Biofuels, co-founded by Castlerock Green Energy, announced a significant strategic collaboration with Ensyn Corporation. The most newsworthy aspect of the presentation is Castlerock Biofuels securing exclusive rights to utilize Ensyn’s groundbreaking Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP®)

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Record US Biofuel Targets to Test Biodiesel Industry after Slow Year

by Siddharth Cavale and Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters)  EPA mandates require 60% biomass-based diesel production increase, risking credit market volatility if unmet; Industry leaders warn supply, feedstock, and capacity challenges may hinder meeting targets; Analysts and EIA forecast potential deficits, with actual output lagging

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How the Hormuz Crisis Is Driving a Biofuels Boom

(Bloomberg/The Straits Times)  Demand for biofuels has been growing in many parts of the world. Governments, particularly those in countries with big farming sectors, have viewed crop-based fuels as a way to support domestic agriculture, cut transport fossil fuel emissions and

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Conflicts Push India’s Biofuel, Low-Carbon Fertiliser Revolution

by Pallab Bhattacharyya/Aasha Khosa (AWAZ/The Voice)  ... In this crucible, biofuels, renewable gases, green hydrogen, and low-carbon fertilisers have shifted from niche environmental tools to strategic imperatives for energy sovereignty and climate resilience. India, with its vast agricultural diversity, abundant solar and

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Lawmakers Submit Amendments Focused on E15, RFS for Farm Bill Consideration

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The House Committee on Rules on April 16 announced lawmakers could submit amendments that will be considered for the 2026 Farm Bill through noon on April 22. Amendments focused on year-round E15 and the Renewable

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Biofuel Foes Look to Erase EPA’s New Blending Rules

(Politico Pro E&E Daily)  A pair of Republicans introduced a Congressional Review Act resolution to cancel annual biofuel blending rules for 2026 and 2027.  --  A Pennsylvania lawmaker with a history of opposing the federal renewable fuel standard is sponsoring legislation to

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US House Task Force Readies New Biofuel Policy

by Cole Martin (Argus Media)  A group of Republican US lawmakers has returned to an earlier idea for reforming biofuel policy that would prevent larger companies from winning exemptions from biofuel blend mandates, but with a new carve-out for refineries at

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Ahead of the FEW: Policy Shaping Ethanol’s Future Podcast

by Anna Simet (Ethanol Producer Magazine) This EPM podcast features, Erin Krueger, Senior News Editor at BBI International. Hosted by Anna Simet, Ethanol Producer Magazine. Join us at the International Fuel Ethanol Workshop & Expo - June 2-4, 2026 in St.

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EPA Approves RFS Fuel Pathway for Summit Next Gen

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA has approved a fuel pathway filed by Summit Next Gen LLC for the production of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from undenatured sugarcane ethanol. The pathway was approved on Jan.

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What’s Shaping Transportation Energy Policy?

by Matt Durand (NACS) As markets continue to evolve, the future of fuel is being shaped by all three branches of the federal government and at the state level. -- ... More often, policy is determined by what Congress does not do, such as

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Eslinger Biofuels and STX Group Announce Landmark Clean Fuel Partnership

(Eslinger Biofuels) Institutional Partnership Establishes Long-Term Credit Monetization Platform. $48M+ Agreement • 5-Year Term - 5MM GPY - Expansion Targeted for 2028 -- California has lost more than 300,000 barrels per day of refining capacity since 2020. Into that gap steps Eslinger Biofuels.

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Reading The Road Ahead

by Keith Loria (Biomass Magazine) As 2026 unfolds, the renewable fuels sector is navigating a complex mix of policy developments, market signals and emerging demand opportunities across the biofuels landscape. With federal incentives, state clean fuel standards and infrastructure challenges continuing

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Endurance Capital: What Vyterra Teaches Us about Persistence

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ... Persistence itself.  Not the assurance of survival.
 Not the clarity of a path. But the quiet condition that: something must continue. Perhaps that fourth presence was not mysterious at all. It was the relational field held under

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RFA Endorses USDA Data and Analysis, Recommends Adjustments

(Renewable Fuels Association)  The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s data, analysis and research are the “gold standard” among international statistical agencies for agriculture, the Renewable Fuels Association said in comments submitted today in response to a USDA request for information on opportunities, challenges, and

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Navigating New Rules: A Deep Dive into the Policies Affecting Low-Carbon Shipping Fuel with Late-Breaking Updates

by Timothy J. Urban (Bracewell LLP Energy Legal Blog/National Law Review)  Recent federal, state, and international policy developments have introduced regulatory uncertainty in the low-carbon maritime fuels sector, complicating investment in both fuel production and supporting energy infrastructure. Stakeholders across the maritime shipping

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D.C. Circuit Backs Refiners’ Definition of ‘Small’ Refinery for RFS Waivers

(Inside EPA) The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit is upholding small refiners’ challenge to EPA’s denial of their petitions for compliance waivers from renewable fuel standard (RFS) biofuel blending mandates, finding that EPA contradicted its regulations

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Feenstra Highlights Economic Impact of Growing Biofuel Markets

by Mark Dorenkamp (Brownfield Ag News) A U.S. Congressman is encouraged by recent progress on biofuels policy. Iowa Republican Randy Feenstra tells Brownfield the Renewable Volume Obligations announced by the EPA send a strong signal to the market. “This is a big deal,

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EPA Renewable Fuel Actions Strengthen Case for a Maryland Clean Fuel Standard, Maryland Biofuels Task Force Says

(Maryland Biofuels Task Force)  New federal RFS volumes and 2026 year-round E15 relief underscore a timely opportunity for Maryland to lower fuel costs, strengthen agricultural markets, and cut emissions with E15 and B20. --  The Greater Washington Region Clean Cities Coalition

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Strait to the Point: The Impact of the Strait of Hormuz Crisis on the Bio-Economy

by Oliver Booth (Biofuels Digest) ... The Strait of Hormuz crisis is actively rewriting the playbook for the global bio-economy, serving as the strongest argument for domestically produced clean fuels since the 1973 Arab oil embargo. What was previously framed largely

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CARB Seeks Contractor to Help Identify UCO Mixed with Virgin Oils

by Erin Krueger (Biomass Magazine) The California Air Resources Board in early March issued a request for proposals (RFP) seeking a vendor that can help the agency identify used cooking oil (UCO) that has been fraudulently mixed with virgin oils, such

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EPA Sets Cellulosic Waiver Credit Price at $1.91 for RFS Compliance Year 2025

by Erin Krueger (Biomass Magazine) The U.S. EPA on March 27 announced the Renewable Fuel Standard cellulosic waiver credit (CWC) price for 2025 has been set at $1.91, up from $1.61 for 2024. The CWCs are being made available due to

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Promises in Bloom: The RVO Reset and Springtime for the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...(T)he final “Set 2” Renewable Fuel Standard volume requirements for 2026 and 2027. Not a tweak. A reset.  After seasons of regulatory uncertainty and economic headwinds, President Donald Trump and EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin delivered what

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Clean Fuels Applauds EPA’s Final 2026-2027 RFS Rules

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) Today, Clean Fuels Alliance America thanked the Environmental Protection Agency for finalizing robust biomass-based diesel volumes in the 2026-27 Renewable Fuel Standard rule. The RFS rule provides much-needed certainty to biodiesel and renewable diesel producers and other

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Trump Hosting Big White House Event around EPA's Biofuels Mandates Decision

by Ed O'Keefe and Jennifer Jacobs (CBS News) President Trump has invited farmers and biofuels producers to the White House for a big event next week as the industry awaits the government's announcement on mandates for the fuel additives. The "celebration of

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Meal Market Dependent on Animal Feeding (Grain Marketing)

by John Hall (Delmarva Farmer)  Crushing a typical 60-pound bushel of soybeans yields 11-12 pounds of crude oil, 44-48 pounds of meal, and 4 pounds of hull. The crushing balance sheet requires sales of all components for it to be profitable. ... The

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Thoughts on Biodiesel Day

by Jeff Ellis Donnellson (Daily Gate City)  March 18 is National Biodiesel Day — the birthday of Rudolf Diesel, the engineer who believed more than a century ago that plant-based oils were the fuel of the future. Iowa has spent recent decades

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2026 Outlook for Maritime Biofuels

(Bracewell)  Maritime biofuels are “making waves” in 2026. Growing decarbonization efforts have the potential to create synergies between the maritime and biofuel sectors. Industry stakeholders should be aware of several international, national, and locally led initiatives that are “lowering the gangway”

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Chevron Agrees to Pay a $1M Civil Penalty for Violations of the Clean Air Act’s Renewable Fuel Standard

(U.S. Department of Justice) To Remediate the Violation, Chevron also Retired Over 2M Renewable Fuel Credits, Valued at About $3.6M, that It Invalidly Generated and Sold to Third Parties Today (March 11, 2026), the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division (ENRD)

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EPA Sees ‘Chaos’ As Judges Lean Toward Refiners In RFS Waiver Suit

(Insisde EPA) EPA is warning of “chaos” and “apocalyptic” consequences should a federal appellate panel back refiners’ challenge to the agency’s denial of renewable fuel standard (RFS) waivers, arguing that a decision against the agency could upend the RFS program, or

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D.C. Circuit to Hear RFS Waivers Case Testing ‘Small Refiner’ Definition

(Inside EPA) The Trump EPA’s new policy for issuing compliance waivers for small refineries from renewable fuel standard (RFS) biofuel blending mandates will face its first legal test during March 6 oral arguments in a suit that will focus on how

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Grassroots Advocacy Needed In DC Now More Than Ever

by Brian Jennings (American Coalition for Ethanol/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The American Coalition for Ethanol’s 15th annual Washington, D.C. Fly-In & Government Affairs Summit March 17–18 comes at a defining moment for ethanol, agriculture and rural America. With major decisions surrounding year-round

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Potential Impacts of E15 Expansion on Fuel and Agricultural Commodity Markets

(Food & Agriculture Policy Research Institute/University of Missouri)  FAPRI-MU Report #01-26: Allowing greater use of E15 – such as through legislative action to allow for year-round blending of up to 15% blends – would allow for additional flexibility in meeting blending

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Biofuel Expectations Building in Oilseed Sector

by Barry Coleman (Northern Canola Growers Association/Farm & Ranch Guide)  The bullish strength of oilseed markets recently is tied to the efforts of biofuel supporters on both sides of the border seeking to grow the industry and the expectation that

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My Response to a Simpleton's Argument against Ethanol

by  Marc J. Rauch (The Auto Channel) I was recently directed to an article published on City-Journal.org titled, "A Simple Policy to Reduce Food Prices". The article was written by James B. Meigs, a senior fellow of the Manhattan Institute and a contributing

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RFA’s Cooper Calls for Year-Round E15, Highlights Record Ethanol Production at 31st Annual National Ethanol Conference

(Renewable Fuels Association) Speaking to attendees at the 31st annual National Ethanol Conference in Orlando, Renewable Fuels Association President and CEO Geoff Cooper celebrated a record-breaking year for the U.S. ethanol industry while urging Congress and the Trump administration to fully

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How Federal Renewable Fuel Policies Support Farmers, Fleets, and the Environment - Part 2

by Kara Gundel (Engine Technology Forum) For nearly two decades, renewable fuels have quietly become one of the nation’s most practical tools for reducing transportation emissions. Unlike emerging technologies that require entirely new infrastructure, these fuels work within today’s engines and

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USDA Predicts 17% Boost in Soybean Oil Use in Biofuel Production

by Erin Krueger (Biomass Magazine)  The USDA on Feb. 19 released its Grains and Oilseed Outlook, predicting an increase in soybean production and planted acres for 2026-'27. The volume of soybean oil used for biofuel production is expected to increase approximately

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RFA Releases 2026 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide

(Renewable Fuels Association) The Renewable Fuels Association released its 2026 Ethanol Industry Outlook and Pocket Guide today (February 24, 2026) to kick off the 31st annual National Ethanol Conference, taking place this week in Orlando. The annual publications serve as the go-to source of ethanol

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State Biodiesel Production Credit Front and Center as Industry Leaders Meet Lawmakers for Iowa Biodiesel Day on the Hill

(Iowa Biodiesel Board) Biodiesel advocates from across the state gathered at the Capitol today for the Iowa Biodiesel Day on the Hill, urging lawmakers to extend and increase the state’s Biodiesel Production Tax Credit. It’s the single most critical step to

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The Soy Crush Expansion Draws Parallels to Ethanol Boom. Here Are the Differences.

by Debbie Carlson (Pro Farmer)  Biofuels expansion completely at mercy of government policy -- The White House’s aggressive targets under the renewable fuels standard and its renewable volume obligations for 2026-2027 for biofuels have some soybean market participants drawing hopeful parallels to

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Refiners, Biogas Producers Spar Over EPA’s RFS Cellulosic Fuel Waiver

(Inside EPA) Refiners and biogas producers are sparring over EPA’s decision to partially exempt refineries from renewable fuel standard (RFS) cellulosic biofuel blending obligations for 2024, as refiners argue that the agency should have granted a bigger exemption while biogas producers

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EPA Expected to Send 2026 Biofuel Blending Quotas to White House This Week

By Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is expected to submit proposed biofuel blending quotas for 2026 to the White House this week for final review, according to two sources familiar with the matter. President Donald Trump's administration is racing

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Iowa Reports Lowest Biofuel Production in a Decade

by Jacob Calvin (The Daily Iowan)  Officials in the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association point to a lack of clear government regulation for the decrease. -- According to the Iowa Renewable Fuels Association, Iowa produced 31 percent less biofuel in 2025 at 244

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US Biomass-Based Diesel 2026: A Tipping Point for Growth

(ResourceWise)  In the aftermath of this year's Clean Fuels Conference in Orlando, sentiment across the US biomass-based diesel industry is unmistakably bullish. But that confidence is underpinned by a mix of opportunity and uncertainty that will shape the sector through 2026 and

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Cronyism, Not Competition, Is Driving U.S. Fuel Markets

by Stephen Moore (Real Clear Policy)... Its (Renewable Fuels Standard) intention was to reduce air pollution and reduce America’s reliance on foreign oil. But its political goal was to help farm states by increasing demand for corn and other ag products

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Trump in Ethanol-Friendly Iowa Pushes for Bill Boosting E15 Gasoline

by Hadriana Lowenkron (Bloomberg/MSN) President Donald Trump threw his support behind a legislative proposal that would expand sales of higher-ethanol E15 gasoline as he looked to build support for his economic record with a crowd that included farmers in Iowa. Trump told

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The Supreme Trial of the Bioeconomy Is Here

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The Trump Administration’s assault on EV mandates and incentives has scrambled the decarbonization playbook. Federal signals are inconsistent. Long-range policy visibility is gone. But in pulling support from one sector, Washington exposed another reality: aviation, marine

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Washington Week Ahead: Trump Stumps in Iowa; Another Shutdown Possible

by Kim Chipman, Oliver Ward, Lydia Johnson, and Philip Brasher (Agri-Pulse)  President Donald Trump kicks off a series of weekly campaign trips across the U.S. with a visit to Iowa even as the ethanol industry and corn producers are angry about the failure of an E15

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House Republicans Strike Deal to Establish E15 Fuel Council

by Ken Tran and Olivia Gyapong (Bloomberg Government)  House Republican leaders struck an agreement with Midwestern GOP lawmakers to establish a rural energy council focused on E15 biofuel, resolving a conflict that threatened to derail the latest government funding package. The E-15 Rural

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The Digest’s 2026 Multi-Slide Guide to Aemetis

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Aemetis outlines a five-year plan projecting Adjusted EBITDA growth from $31.2 million in 2024 to $644.6 million in 2028. The strategy hinges on expanding dairy RNG digesters from 8 in 2023 to 75 by 2028 and

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The Road Less Taken: Iowa Moves High Biodiesel Blends Forward

by Jenna Rose (Iowa Biodiesel Board/Biobased Diesel Daily) State-level policy and industry collaboration position Iowa as a model for B30 adoption.  As Iowa’s biodiesel producers continue to weather a difficult year marked by federal-policy uncertainty and challenges, the state of Iowa continues

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Keep on Going

by Allen Schaeffer (Engine Technology Forum/Biobased Diesel Daily)  The lyrics of a popular 20-year-old country-music song provide guidance to help navigate the pit of uncertainty and tumult.  --  It’s been a challenging year for anyone hoping for clarity on vehicle and fuels

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How New Subsidy Guidelines Could Make Brown Grease the New Gold

Kristof Reiter (Reiter USA/Biobased Diesel Daily) Recent changes, including replacing the blenders tax credit with 45Z, removal of the indirect land-use change penalty, and potential reductions in subsidies to foreign fuel and feedstock under both 45Z and RFS programs, are fundamentally

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Exclusive: US to Finalize 2026 Biofuel Quotas by Early March, Drop Import Penalties, Sources Say

by Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters) Trump administration to finalize 2026 biofuel quotas by early March; EPA may adjust bio-based diesel targets slightly lower; Moves reflect compromise between biofuel producers and oil refiners The administration of President Donald Trump plans to finalize 2026 biofuel blending quotas

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Fueling Growth Despite Policy Uncertainty

by Scott Fenwick (Clean Fuels Alliance America/Biobased Diesel Daily) Fuel quality, reliability and performance drive adoption while robust production capacity and domestic feedstock supplies position the industry for a rapid increase in output. The U.S. biomass-based diesel industry is at a critical

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Iowa House Introduces Bill to Ban CO2 Pipelines from Using Eminent Domain

by Cami Koons (Iowa Capital Dispatch)  House subcommittee advances the ‘simple’ bill -- A House subcommittee advanced a bill Tuesday (January 13, 2026) that would prohibit carbon dioxide pipeline operators from exercising eminent domain for the purpose of building a carbon sequestration

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Fueling the Future: OPAL Fuels

by Caitlin Scheresky (Biomass Magazine) Five years ago, OPAL Fuels stepped out of the private sector and emerged as an ambitious leader in the production and distribution of renewable natural gas. With major partners including NextEra Energy, UPS, CHS and Fiat Chrysler

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House Passes Appropriations Package with Bioenergy Provisions

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The U.S. House of Representatives on Jan. 8 voted 397 to 28 in favor of an appropriations package that includes language on biomass energy and sustainability. Reports accompanying the legislation include guidance on small refinery

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Clean Fuels Asks EPA to Maintain RFS Compliance Deadline

(Cl;ean Fuels Alliance America) Today, Clean Fuels Alliance America sent a letter to EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin, asking the agency to maintain the 2025 Renewable Fuel Standard compliance deadline on March 31, 2026, to mitigate the impacts of rulemaking delays. Under

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Small Refinery Abandons Challenge to EPA Renewable Fuel Orders

by Shayna Greene (Bloomberg Law) Calumet Shreveport Refining LLC dropped its lawsuit challenging the Environmental Protection Agency’s denial of its request seeking small refinery exemptions to renewable fuel standards. The Fifth Circuit on Monday granted the refiner’s request to dismiss its case

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Lawmakers Push EPA on Renewable Fuel Exemptions

by Marc Heller (E&E Daily)  A spending deal would press the agency to make the renewable fuel standard more responsive to small refiners' production costs. -- Lawmakers are giving EPA a fresh nudge to let more small petroleum refineries sidestep biofuel blending

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U.S. Ethanol Blend Rate Tops 11% in October, as E15 Expansion Continues

(Renewable Fuels Association) Ethanol accounted for 11.06 percent of the nation’s gasoline in October, marking the first time in history that the monthly ethanol “blend rate” has topped 11 percent, according to newly released data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The

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2025 Positions Biodiesel, Renewable Diesel for Success in 2026

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) The clean fuels industry strengthened its foundation in 2025 behind record policy targets, new engine capabilities and proven performance, setting expectations for continued growth in 2026. “Government agencies, fleets, manufacturers and consumers in 2025 recognized that biodiesel and

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Viewpoint: RIN Market Awaits US Policy Clarity

by By Matthew Cope and Cole Martin (Argus Media) US renewable fuel credits have traded in a narrow range for months but are likely to break out soon, when President Donald Trump's administration provides more clarity on incentives in the new year. Under

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SABR Turns Two; and Like All Two-Year-Olds, Has Been Very Busy

by Joe Jobe (Sustainable Advanced Biofuel Refiners Coalition (SABR)/Biodiesel Magazine)   ... SABR incorporated as a 501(c)(6) biodiesel trade association in September 2023 with about 20 organizational members, and now we have more than 70, including some of the most seasoned veterans

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The State of Soy

by Susanne Retka Schill (Biodiesel Magazine) The soybean supply chain looks to proposed biofuel polices for hope in the midst of what’s been described as one of the most challenging years ever. For biofuel producers, the uncertainty around final rules and

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Ethanol Report on 2025

(Ag News Wire) 2025 marked the 20th anniversary of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and showed just how far U.S. ethanol has come – and how much more it could accomplish for the world with just a little more freedom. Nationwide, year-round

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Volatile Biofuels Demand Is Reshaping the Price Relationship between Soybean and Palm Oils

by Yu-Chi Wang and Joe Janzen (farmdoc/Successful Farming) ... Soybean oil and palm oil are the two most widely available vegetable oils in the world and are substitutes in many products, including as feedstocks in the production of biofuels. For many years,

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Growth Energy: Amendments to ESA Rules Would Strengthen the RFS

(Growth Energy) Growth Energy, the nation’s largest biofuel trade association, expressed its support today for regulatory amendments proposed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) that streamline the regulatory process, addressing unnecessary barriers that have the potential

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The Digest’s 2025 Multi-Slide Guide to Low Carbon Fuels Market Trends

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) ICF forecasts environmental commodity pricing will likely rise, driven by domestic feedstock shortages versus aggressive Renewable Volume Obligations (RVOs). This tension is compounded by the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) limiting full credit for virgin

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Viewpoint: Policy Delays Refocus US SAF Industry

by Matthew Cope (Argus Media) ... SAF output rose to an all-time high of 196mn USG through November of this year compared to 39mn USG in all of 2024, according to US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data. But growth next year

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What Caused the U.S. Ethanol Boom?

by Scott Irwin (University of Illinois/farmdoc daily) The U.S. experienced a major ethanol boom between roughly 2004 and 2011, with production nearly quadrupling from 3.4 to 13.3 billion gallons.  By far the most common explanation for the cause of the ethanol

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Growth Energy Urges Courts to Reject Refinery SRE Challenges

(Growth Energy)  Growth Energy, the nation’s largest biofuel trade association, filed briefs in the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 10th and 11th Circuits yesterday urging the courts to reject attempts by refiners to circumvent recent U.S. Supreme Court precedent on

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EPA: 8 New SRE Petitions Filed, 25 SRE Petitions Now Pending

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on Dec. 18 released new data showing eight new small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions have been filed under the Renewable Fuel Standard in the past month. A total of 25 SRE petitions

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Top 10 Ag Stories of 2025: No. 10 -- From RFS Exemptions to E15 in CA, Biofuels Policy Makes News in 2025

by Todd Neeley (DTN Progressive Farmer)  From a Supreme Court ruling in favor of biofuels groups, to a new Renewable Fuel Standard volumes proposal and more debate on small-refinery exemptions, biofuels news this year was highly consequential and starts our Top

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Biofuels Forum Highlights Policy, Markets and the Future of Rural Energy

by Jeffrey Tonjes (Northwest Signal)  Northwest Ohio farmers, lawmakers and industry leaders came together Monday (December8, 2025) for an in-depth forum examining the role of biofuels in agriculture, energy policy and rural economic stability. The event held at the Tinora Performing Arts

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New Study Shows EPA "Half RIN" Proposal Would Keep U.S. Soybean Demand Strong

(American Soybean Association/Morning Ag Clips) Researchers modeled three scenarios and found that the half-RIN approach delivers the greatest economic benefit to U.S. soybean farmers --  A new economic analysis finds that EPA’s proposal to assign 50% of the Renewable Identification Number (RIN)

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Markets, Trade, and Biofuels Set the Tone as NGFA Opens 54th Country Elevator Conference

(Grain Journal) ... Rounding out the morning, Jacqui Fatka, Lead Economist for Farm Supply and Biofuels at CoBank, provided an in-depth analysis of the evolving biofuels landscape. Her presentation covered expanding renewable diesel capacity, shifting soybean crush economics, export opportunities for

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Lee Calls on EPA to Advance Trump Agenda by Not Shifting Compliance Costs to Refineries

(Office of U.S. Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) ) U.S. Senator Mike Lee (R-UT) led a letter today with colleagues from the Senate calling on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to support President Trump’s American energy dominance agenda by preventing unfair reallocation of compliance

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Liquid Fuels Groups Announce Progress on E15, Small Refinery Exemption Reform

(American Petroleum Institute) The American Petroleum Institute (API) today (December 4, 2025) joined organizations representing ethanol producers, oil refiners, fuel marketers, travel plazas, truck stops and convenience store retailers to express the need for long-term policy certainty across the transportation fuel

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Court Asks US for Update on Biofuel Quota Timing

by Dole Martin (Argus Media)  A US court told President Donald Trump's administration today to provide an update within a week on its plans for finalizing long-delayed biofuel blend mandates. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must file an update "briefly detailing the

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Wisconsin Leaders Push for Strong Biofuel Policy

by Blake Jackson (Wisconsin Ag Connection)  Wisconsin soybean leaders travel to Washington to share the importance of clean fuel and the growing role of soy-based biofuels in the nation’s energy future. Their main goal is to show how renewable fuels

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Opinion: Our Leaders Have Failed Us on Ethanol

by Doug Sombke (South Dakota Farmers Union/Agri-Pulse)  Let me get this straight: The ethanol industry is seeking what is essentially a clerical clarification applying Reid Vapor Pressure relief to all blends, allowing refiners and retailers the option, at their choosing to

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The Coming Slow Fade of America’s Corn Ethanol Industry

by Michael Barnard (Clean Technica) The story of the United States corn ethanol industry is a story about a sector that grew rapidly under a very specific set of policy, technology and market conditions. It filled a gap when gasoline demand

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Rewriting the RFS Playbook: Revised RVOs Backload Projected Biomass-Based Diesel Production and Feedstock Use into 2027

by Todd Hubbs and Scott Irwin (farmdoc daily)  The EPA’s recent trilogy of RFS decisions represents one of the most consequential regulatory developments of the last decade for biomass-based diesel markets.  Higher RVOs, more restrictive small refinery exemptions, and mandatory reallocation

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AgDay In Depth: The Renewable Fuels Industry in 2025 & Beyond

(Farm Journal)  AgDay's Clinton Griffiths talks with Geoff Cooper of the Renewable Fuels Industry about what the ethanol industry has seen this year and what officials look to have happen in 2026. READ MORE; includes VIDEO with Transcript Related articles Is EPA Reversing

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EPA: 2 New SRE Petitions Filed, 17 SRE Petitions Now Pending

by Erin Krueger (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The U.S. EPA on Nov. 20 released data showing two additional small refinery exemption (SRE) petitions have been filed under the Renewable Fuels Standard since the agency last updated its SRE data dashboard on Nov.

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Trump Administration May Delay Biofuel Import Credit Cuts as Refiners Balk

By Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters) Administration may delay program by one or two years; Move would please US refiners but upset farm lobby; Sources say no final decision on delay has been made President Donald Trump's administration is considering delaying for one or two years its

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U.S. Legislation Could Boost Maritime Biofuel Use

by Sean Pratt (Western Producer Magazine) Proposed law would allow renewable fuel to generate Renewable Fuel Standard credits when used in ships -- The Renewable Fuels for Ocean-Going Vessels Act was introduced in March by Republican senator Pete Ricketts and Democratic senator

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White House Hosts Oil, Biofuel Talks as Trump Administration Nears Decision on Refinery Waivers

by Jarrett Renshaw (Reuters) White House meets refiners and biofuel producers over waiver disputes; Talks include year-round E15 and waiver reforms; Biofuel groups push for waived gallons to be made up The White House this week held separate meetings with oil refiners and biofuel

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Soybean and Oilseed Groups Urge Action on Biofuel Policies

by Cindy Zimmerman (Energy.AgWired.com)  The American Soybean Association and the National Oilseed Processors Association (NOPA) sent a joint letter this week to President Donald Trump urging action on key federal biofuel policies needed to strengthen domestic demand for U.S. soy and support farmers

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SAF Offtakes Ahead of Schedule for Montana Renewables as MaxSAF™ 150 Line Progresses

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily)  Calumet CEO Todd Borgmann said Nov. 7 that the company posted strong financial results for the third quarter as it continued to achieve key strategic milestones. ... In August, U.S. EPA notified Calumet that it was successful in receiving

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Jackley Asks Feds to Investigate Refiners on Renewable Fuel Mandates

(SDPB) Attorney General Marty Jackley is joining a group of colleagues asking federal officials to investigate whether refiners are following renewable fuel guidelines. The Renewable Fuel Standard program requires large refiners to produce a certain amount of ethanol-blended fuels. Refineries can apply for hardship

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ADM Cuts 2025 Profit Outlook on Biofuel and Trade Uncertainty, Shares Sink

by Karl Plume and Katha Kalia (Reuters/AgWeek)  ADM and its agribusiness peers have seen earnings erode in recent quarters due to ample global crop supplies and commodities market upheaval that has thinned margins. Grains trader Archer-Daniels-Midland cut its 2025 profit forecast for

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Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas (SNG)) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E32 E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps 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microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas pipelines natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red 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hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil 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incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees tri-fuel ships Trinidad and 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