House Passes Bill for Year-Round E15 Ethanol Fuel Sales, Splitting Republicans

BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel ProductionFederal Agency/Executive BranchFederal LegislationFederal RegulationFeedstocksField/Orchard/Plantation Crops/ResiduesIllinoisMarketing/Market Forces and SalesMiddle EastMinnesotaNebraskaNorth DakotaOpinionsPennsylvaniaPolicySouth DakotaSustainability
May 14, 2026
Print This Article Share it With Friends

by Emily Brooks (The Hill) The House on Wednesday passed a bill to codify year-round sales of E15 ethanol fuel, a major win for members from corn-producing states but one that drew fierce opposition from other Republicans. 

The vote was 218-203, with 122 Republicans, 95 Democrats and 1 independent voting in favor, and 90 Republicans and 113 Democrats opposing the bill. 

It also split the votes of Republican leadership. Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) and House Majority Leader Steve Scalise (R-La.) voted against the bill, while House Majority Whip Tom Emmer (R-Minn.) voted in favor.

...

In a highly unusual move reflecting how tense the issue is among Republicans, Rep. Scott Perry (R-Pa.), an opponent of year-round E15, called for a motion to recommit on the bill and send it back to committee, effectively killing the bill. That procedure is typically utilized by the minority party and normally results in a party-line vote, but on Wednesday split both parties, even as it failed 112-309.

While the bill faces an uncertain future in the Senate, the House passage and floor action itself was a long-sought milestone for Republicans from agricultural, corn-producing states. 

The stand-alone vote was also a resolution to intraparty turmoil that had complicated passage of the Farm Bill last month.  As a way to get Republicans on board with a slate of other measures, House Republican leaders made a late-stage move to tie a year-round E15 bill to the Farm Bill. 

But that led to discontent from Republicans representing oil-producing states, who had concerns about how the legislation would affect small refineries, who later held up the legislation until an agreement could be reached to decouple the two. The House formally passed a procedural rule decoupling the measures earlier on Wednesday.

...

Debate was also somewhat heated in a Wednesday morning House GOP conference meeting, according to Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), who supports year-round E15 — calling arguments from his colleagues that E15 would lead to higher gas prices “gobbledygook.” (Congressman Zack) Nunn (R-IA 3rd) argued that E15 fuel options help lower gas costs.   READ MORE

Related articles

 

Excerpt from Office of Senator Tammy Duckworth (D-IL): “With gas prices rising to $4.50 a gallon because of Trump’s illegal war of choice, selling E15 year-round would support our farmers and offer consumers a cheaper, cleaner option at the pump while reducing our dependence on foreign oil. Prioritizing homegrown biofuels and year-round E15 encourages job growth, ensures future markets for our farmers, strengthens our national security and secures our nation’s leadership in the energy sector for years to come.

“Committing to our agriculture industry and supporting our Midwest farmers is a critical element of our transition to lower emissions. After years of pushing for this policy, I’m pleased the House passed this critical legislation. And if Donald Trump is serious about keeping his promise to lower costs, he would do everything he can to help ensure this legislation passes through the Senate.”

In the Senate, Duckworth has been a leader in supporting biofuels. To help increase the availability of E15 biofuels, Duckworth helped introduce the bipartisan Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2025 and the bipartisan Next Generations Fuel Act to allow the year-round, nationwide sale of ethanol blends higher than 10 percent. Duckworth additionally helped introduce the bipartisan Home Front Energy Independence Act to ban Russian oil and expand use and production of biofuel that’s grown in the American heartland, while providing American families with a less expensive option to fuel their vehicles. In 2024, she helped introduced the Farm to Fly Act to help accelerate the production and development of SAF. Earlier this year, Duckworth slammed Republicans after Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson secretly stripped a bipartisan compromise on E15 gasoline from must-pass government funding legislation that would have supported American farmers and lowered costs. Duckworth is also a founding co-chair of the Senate Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Caucus.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Office of Congresswoman Julie Fedorchak (R-ND):  H.R. 1346 removes outdated regulatory barriers that currently prevent the nationwide sale of E15 during summer months. The legislation establishes a permanent nationwide standard for year-round E15 sales, giving fuel retailers, producers, and consumers long-term certainty instead of relying on temporary emergency waivers each summer.  

“Eliminating the artificial prohibition on summer sales of E15 is an important step toward creating the consistent demand that will allow this industry to grow and stand on its own without RFS one day. We have to get this done first,” Fedorchak stated on the House Floor. 

The bill also includes targeted Renewable Fuel Standard reforms designed to provide greater market stability and transparency. It updates provisions related to small refinery exemptions, prevents the reallocation of exempted blending obligations onto other refiners, and directs EPA to modernize fuel infrastructure and labeling regulations to support expanded access to E15 nationwide. 

During debate on the House floor, Fedorchak highlighted the economic importance of ethanol production and the need to strengthen domestic demand for American-grown fuels.  

According to industry estimates, year-round E15 is expected to add $25.3 billion to U.S. GDP and support more than 128,000 full-time jobs nationwide. North Dakota’s ethanol industry already contributes approximately $1.7 billion annually to the state economy. 

North Dakota Ethanol Council Executive Director Charlie Adams: “The North Dakota Ethanol Producers Association supports H.R. 1346, the Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2025, because it would provide a permanent, nationwide solution for year-round E15 sales. The bill would extend the same Reid Vapor Pressure treatment currently available for E10 to gasoline blends containing up to 15 percent ethanol, helping eliminate seasonal uncertainty for fuel retailers, producers, farmers, and consumers. Ethanol production is an important part of North Dakota’s agricultural economy, providing a major in-state market for corn and supporting jobs, tax revenue, and economic activity in rural communities. The state’s ethanol industry creates a major in-state market for corn, supports rural communities, and helps keep more of the economic value of North Dakota-grown commodities within the state. North Dakota’s six ethanol plants have the capacity to produce more than 550 million gallons of ethanol per year, and most are located in small rural communities where they provide good-paying jobs and significant payroll. [...] That certainty matters for ethanol producers planning production, farmers marketing corn, retailers investing in fuel infrastructure, and consumers seeking lower-cost domestic fuel choices. The bill also aligns with North Dakota’s broader strengths in agriculture, energy production, and rural economic development. For these reasons, the North Dakota Ethanol Producers Association supports H.R. 1346 as a practical policy that strengthens value-added agriculture, supports rural jobs, expands consumer choice, and reinforces the role of domestic ethanol in America’s fuel supply.” 

North Dakota Farm Bureau: “North Dakota Farm Bureau strongly supports H.R. 1346, the Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act of 2025, and commends Rep. Julie Fedorchak for her cosponsorship and active leadership in championing North Dakota's farmers and rural communities. This legislation directly advances our longstanding policy (Policy ID 901.03 / ID# 2796): ‘We support the private production and development of renewable fuels and in-state refineries in North Dakota.’ H.R. 1346 permanently extends the Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) waiver to allow year-round, nationwide sale of E15 ethanol-blended fuel. The current seasonal restriction on E15 was written decades ago, long before E15 became a commercially viable, widely compatible fuel option, and no longer reflects modern engine technology, retailer capabilities, or consumer demand. It is time to remove this outdated barrier. For North Dakota farmers, expanded E15 access means expanded markets. Corn is the backbone of domestic ethanol production, and greater year-round demand for E15 translates directly into stronger, more consistent demand for North Dakota-grown corn. Increased ethanol consumption also supports private investment in blending facilities, retail fueling infrastructure, and rural supply chains, creating economic opportunity across our agricultural communities. Consumers benefit as well. E15 has consistently been priced lower than regular gasoline, giving North Dakota families and businesses a meaningful choice at the pump. Expanding access to E15 nationwide helps all Americans access those savings and strengthens energy competition. This is a bipartisan, pro-farmer and pro-consumer measure with support from farmers, fuel retailers, and rural businesses alike. We urge the House to pass H.R. 1346 and deliver real results for North Dakota agriculture and American consumers.” 

North Dakota Farmers Union President Matt Perdue: “We want to thank Rep. Fedorchak for getting year-round E15 across the finish line in the U.S. House. This legislation provides the strong, stable domestic demand that family farmers sorely need right now. This bill is not only important for family farmers. It’s important for consumers, rural communities and America’s energy security.”   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Growth Energy: “We urge Senate leaders to quickly reject critics who oppose competition at the pump from lower-cost fuel. Year-round E15 simply allows retailers the option to offer a another, less expensive fuel choice to drivers. Now is the time to act.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Nebraska Public Media:  Before the final vote on the E15 bill, the U.S. House passed a rule to detach an E15 provision from the previously approved five-year Farm Bill before it was sent to the Senate.

Disagreements between ag and oil state legislators originally postponed a final vote.

The rule vote allowed that five-year Farm Bill – which passed 224-200 last month – to continue on to the Senate. The E15 provision was originally included.

Nebraska Representatives call E15 a win for consumers, corn producers and American energy. District 3 Rep. Adrian Smith introduced the bill.

“This debate comes down to a simple question: do we want more affordable fuel, stronger energy independence, and expanded markets for American agriculture, or do we want to continue allowing uncertainty and politics to stand in the way?” Smith said at a press conference Tuesday.

Amid a continuing war with Iran choking fuel supplies and raising prices, some tout E15 as a solution to stabilize gasoline prices. E15 can cost between 10 and 30 cents less per gallon compared to regular gasoline.

“This bill allows people to choose or not choose E15 based on their values,” District 1 Rep. Mike Flood said during floor debate. “They might want cheaper gas, they may not. They might want higher octane, they may not. They might want to support America’s farmers, or they may not.”

...

The House debated the bill for an hour, then postponed a vote around 4 p.m. Central time. A motion to return the bill to the Committee on Energy and Commerce was introduced.

Infighting across party lines has pitted corn-state legislators against oil-state legislators. The E15 opposition camp worry a boost in ethanol production would pull profits away from small refineries and mandate costly renewable fuel blending requirements. E15 supporters deny those claims, saying the exemptions provided in the bill are enough.

The fight for year-round E15 has continued for over a decade. Some representatives expressed concern that the Senate will ignore E15 if it is presented in a standalone bill.

The bill also costs taxpayer money to implement. It would add about $2 billion to the deficit, according to a Congressional Budget Office report released on Tuesday.

...

E15 is already widely sold in Nebraska and in 30 other states.

Toxic evaporative emissions from ethanol blends are lower than regular gasoline. A 2021 study also found corn ethanol produced in the U.S. has between 44%-52% lower total carbon emissions than regular gasoline, according to the Department of Energy.

Timing of a potential vote is unclear, and passage is uncertain as opposition and support crosses the political aisle.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Farm Progress:  Brian Jennings, American Coalition for Ethanol CEO, issued a statement specifically thanking Reps. Randy Feenstra, Michelle Fischbach, Adrian Smith, Dusty Johnson, Angie Craig, Sharice Davids, Shontel Brown and Nikki Budzinski for their efforts to secure summer E15. He called the vote a “significant milestone,” adding ACA would be committed to “helping build on this momentum” and get Senate approval.

...

Officials with the American Soybean Association note that recent findings of both the University of Missouri Agricultural Policy Research Institute and the Congressional Budget suggest the bill as written could harm soybean producers. Those studies suggest permanent small refinery exemptions included in the bill could actually contribute to reduced net farm income as well as negative economic impacts for soybean farmers and the broader agriculture economy.

“Moving forward, ASA will continue working with lawmakers and stakeholders to advance solutions that enable year-round E15 without rewarding petroleum refiners who do not comply with the Renewable Fuel Standard at the expense of a critical domestic market for U.S. soy,” ASA officials said in a press release shortly after the vote. “Year-round E15 legislation must be pursued with a collective goal of strengthening farm income and supporting markets for both soybean and corn farmers.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association:   Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) Executive Director Brian Werner issued the following statement:

“Washington D.C. is finally catching up to what drivers in Minnesota already know: E15 is a ready-made solution to high gas prices. House passage of the E15 legislation on a bipartisan vote of 218 - 203 is a meaningful step toward fixing an outdated regulatory gap that has limited access to a lower-cost, lower-emission fuel option for far too long.

...

A recent study from MN Bio-Fuels underscores that impact. The analysis found Minnesota drivers saved $24.7 million in 2024 alone by choosing E15, with $79.5 million in cumulative savings since 2013. E15 has consistently been priced lower than traditional gasoline, providing a reliable, lower-cost option for consumers.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Biofuels Digest:  The political momentum behind the bill is highly coordinated at the executive level. President Donald Trump, Vice President J.D. Vance, and Department of Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins have all actively pressured Congress to pass E15 this year. To ensure its success in the upper chamber, President Trump has explicitly tapped Senate Majority Leader John Thune to advance the legislation. Lawmakers and advocates are demanding urgent action from the Senate, as President Trump has promised to sign the E15 bill into law without delay the moment it reaches his desk. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from DTN Progressive Farmer: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency would lose its existing authority to grant hardship-based SREs after 2028. In addition, 75% of those exempted volumes would be reallocated to other refiners.

Rep. Frank Pallone, D-N.J., said during an hour debate that the current state of the economy with rising gasoline prices and continued inflation essentially led him to vote for the bill.

"This is not a bill I would have proposed if I or any Democrats were given a seat at the negotiating table," he said. "However, it is a compromise, and despite my reservations, I am voting yes because year-round E15 can offer some relief at the pump as prices soar across the board due to Trump's reckless war in Iran and the disastrous Republican energy agenda. And despite my serious concerns with the process by which this bill was brought to the floor today, the bill is a step in the right direction as President Trump and congressional Republicans carelessly undermined renewable fuels and pushed policies that hurt our farmers."

Pallone said drivers are saving, on average, about 30 cents per gallon to fill up their tanks with E15.

"This fuel provides significant savings for families during the summer driving season, so let's ensure it continues to be available at gas stations across the country all year with certainty, which is what this bill does," he said.

Rep. Mariannette Miller-Meeks, R-Iowa, said it makes sense to pass the bill, considering the EPA has granted summer waivers to allow E15 sales to continue since 2011.

"That means Washington already recognizes that this policy makes sense," she said.

"What we are doing today is removing an outdated prohibition and finally providing certainty for farmers, producers, retailers and consumers year-round," Miller-Meeks said. "E15 as an American-made domestic fuel that is homegrown, lowers gas prices, strengthens our energy independence, and supports rural communities across Iowa and our country."

...

FAPRI ANALYSIS

The Food and Policy Research Institute at the University of Missouri concluded in an analysis this week that the E15 bill would benefit consumers, and especially diesel users, through lower Renewable Fuel Standard compliance costs.

Though the measure would support corn markets through higher demand, FAPRI said year-round E15 and the other provisions of the bill would hurt soybean farmers in the form of reduced biodiesel demand.

...

FAPRI modeled three scenarios with the legislation. If the bill only adopted expanded E15 use, the fuel's use would expand by less than 1% per year. The analysis also modeled the effects of granting E15 year-round and what might happen if 75% of 600 million gallons and 900 million gallons in small-refinery exemptions are not reallocated starting in 2028.

In all the E15 scenarios considered by FAPRI, ethanol use would rise significantly while biomass-based diesel use would fall as ethanol substitutes for the advanced biofuel in the RFS.

FAPRI said year-round E15 would raise corn and soybean meal prices and increase feed expenses for livestock producers.

In addition, FAPRI said gasoline prices would rise only slightly between 1 and 3 cents per gallon, while diesel and biodiesel prices would fall 30 cents to 55 cents per gallon by 2035.

REFINING INTERESTS PUSH BACK

...

CBO ANALYSIS OF BILL

The Congressional Budget Office said in an analysis of the legislation that it would increase the federal deficit by $2.27 billion in the next 10 years.

Allowing E15 sales year-round would increase demand for corn-based ethanol, increase demand for corn and modestly raise corn prices, according to the CBO. It also found the bill would reduce federal payments from USDA commodity programs and reduce direct spending on agriculture subsidies.

CBO said that because ethanol has lower energy content than gasoline, higher ethanol blends would lead to slightly more gasoline consumption and increase revenues from the federal excise tax on gasoline.

It also said year-round E15 nationally would increase claims on the 45Z Clean Fuels Production tax credit, also contributing to increased revenues.

CBO estimates that HR 1346 would reduce direct spending on crop insurance by $1.3 billion in 10 years.

The CBO said the proposed changes to the Renewable Fuel Standard that would prohibit the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from reallocating biofuels volumes to other refineries could significantly reduce demand for biomass-based diesel. That, in turn, could depress soybean prices.

The CBO also raised the possibility that the bill would ultimately have spillover negative price effects on other crops, including wheat, grain sorghum, canola and sunflowers.

The bill would also require EPA to issue new regulations on the labeling and storage of E15, meaning it would impose stricter regulations on the private sector.

The CBO said there would be considerable budget uncertainty from the legislation, depending on how quickly consumers and retailers adopt E15, the actual volume of small-refinery exemptions and unpredictable prices changes on commodities including corn and soybeans.

...

Nunn (Rep. Zach Nunn, R-Iowa) said there's been "a lot of misinformation out there" about the bill. Opponents of the legislation have been pushing a narrative that E15 would be mandated.

Lee Zeldin, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, was questioned during a Senate Appropriations subcommittee hearing on Wednesday about the so-called "Nationwide Consumer and Retailer Fuel Choice Act."

Sen. Deb Fischer, R-Neb., asked Zeldin whether the bill she cosponsored was a mandate on E15, and he answered, "No, senator." READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Energy.AgWired.com: American Petroleum Institute President and CEO Mike Sommers said, “As Americans continue to face pressure from rising energy costs, this bill delivers greater certainty for consumers while expanding choices at the pump. We thank Representatives Adrian Smith, Randy Feenstra, Stephanie Bice, and Michelle Fischbach for their leadership and urge the Senate to build on this momentum by passing similar legislation that strengthens the U.S. fuel supply and expands consumer choice.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from AgWeb: ASA says it fully supports year-round E15 ethanol but says social media backlash stems from confusion over SREs in House bill language as the measure heads to a tougher Senate fight.

The House vote to expand year-round E15 on Wednesday should have been a clean policy victory lap for ethanol supporters. Instead, it’s become a multi-layered debate involving competing economic models, social media confusion, and an increasingly complicated Senate runway that may determine whether the win in the House actually translates into law.

...

“We Support Year-Round E15. 100%.”

ASA CEO Stephen Censky told Farm Journal the organization is not opposed to year-round E15.

“Absolutely. We have always supported year-round E15. We think it’s positive,” Censky says.

...

The analysis found that year-round E15 alone is relatively modest in its near-term market impact, largely shifting demand between corn and soybeans. But when paired with changes to Small Refinery Exemptions, the economic picture becomes more complicated.

“It takes what is really a trade-off between corn and beans and makes it an overall negative for both what the government spends and for the farm income for the sector,” says Seth Meyer, director of FAPRI.

NCGA Disputes Modeling Assumptions

After the report was released on Tuesday, groups like the National Corn Growers Association (NCGA) pushed back on the recent economic analysis by both FAPRI and the CBO.

NCGA Chief Economist Krista Swanson argued that key assumptions in the studies underestimate both policy strength and adoption speed.

“Year-round E15 saves drivers money at the pump, supports America’s corn farmers and improves energy security for our country,” she says, adding that the group’s own modeling shows stronger outcomes for farm income.

ASA Pushes Back on “Corn vs. Soy” Narrative

Even though controversy swirled on social media, claiming ASA’s lack of support for the House version of the bill shows a split between corn and soybean groups, Censky rejects the idea.

“No, I mean, again, I think that comes from a misunderstanding or maybe too simplistic of looking at things,” he says. “We support year-round E15, so does NCGA.”

He points to shared support from the NCGA, while emphasizing that the disagreement centers on refinery exemption language, not ethanol blending policy itself.

...

Washington analyst Jim Wiesemeyer says the House approval was still a meaningful breakthrough for ethanol supporters, but the path forward now runs into procedural hurdles, committee jurisdiction battles and a Senate math problem that doesn’t easily resolve.

“Senate passage remains uncertain,” Wiesemeyer notes, pointing to the fact that Clean Air Act authority tied to E15 summer sales rests largely with the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, not the Senate Ag Committee.

...

EPW Chair Shelley Moore Capito has supported compromise language similar to the House bill, but without the more controversial SRE-related reforms. Ranking Member Sheldon Whitehouse (D-R.I.), meanwhile, is expected to oppose expansion efforts tied to ethanol policy under Clean Air Act authority.

That leaves Senate Ag Chairman John Boozman (R-Ark.) in a key position, but without full control over the underlying regulatory levers.

But even Boozman was clear after the Senate vote that the House version could face resitance in teh Senate. Boozman, who akso serves as Chairman of the House Ag Committee, telling Politico the House version may not have enough support to make it through the upper chamber, saying after the vote, “I think we have a good chance to pass an E15 bill. I don’t know if it will be that one.”

...

Even if a path emerges through committee, Wiesemeyer notes that a stand-alone bill would still need 60 votes for cloture on the Senate floor, an uphill climb given opposition from refining-state senators and lawmakers concerned about emissions, fuel volatility, and air-quality standards.

That bipartisan resistance could force supporters to consider alternative strategies.

One option, according to Wiesemeyer, is something increasingly discussed in Washington: attaching year-round E15 to a must-pass legislative vehicle later this year, such as a broader energy package, government funding bill, or end-of-year omnibus-style agreement, where controversial policy riders are often resolved in larger negotiations.  READ MORE; includes VIDEO

 

Excerpt from DTN Progressive Farmer: Oddly, leaders for both parties actually voted against their own majorities. House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., voted against it. As did House Majority Leader Steve Scalise, R-La. Yet, House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-New York, backed the bill.

The bill split the delegations of the country's largest states as well, though they leaned against the measure. Surprisingly, California, the state with the country's most aggressive low-carbon fuel standard and now selling E15 and E85, had just 12 members back the bill and 34 oppose it.

Among Texas lawmakers, the split was 12 yeas and 21 nays.

Florida, New York and Pennsylvania were also split, as were delegations in Alabama, Connecticut, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wisconsin.

Overall, the top-ethanol producing states have smaller delegations, but every lawmaker in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota backed the bill. Among other top states for biofuel production, just three lawmakers voted against E15: Rep. Andre Carson, D-Indiana, Rep. Mike Rulli, R-Ohio and Rep. Scott Fitzgerald, R-Wis.

There were other states where most of the delegation either supported or opposed the bill, but one lawmaker broke from the pack, swinging one way or the other.

Breaking down the House Agriculture Committee, Chairman Glenn "GT" Thompson, R-Pa., and Ranking Member Angie Craig, D-Minn., both supported the bill.

The House Agriculture Committee, however, also had some splits across party lines. Of the 29 Republicans on the committee, seven opposed the bill. Of the 24 Democrats, six voted against it.

...

The bill now goes to the Senate where the dynamics could change dramatically. Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., backs E15 and commented on it Tuesday during the Senate Agriculture Committee hearing on fertilizer.

"We need to get E15 done. That solves a couple of important problems, one of which is demand for corn in this country ... and, secondly increasing the supply of fuel in this country at a time when gas prices are going up," Thune said.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Energy.AgWired.com: The ethanol industry is re-energized this week after a bipartisan majority in the House passed long overdue legislation giving E15 a place at the pump year-round. But the job is still only half done and the focus now shifts to the Senate.

Renewable Fuels Association Senior VP, Government & Public Affairs, Troy Bredenkamp, discusses how ethanol supporters overcame challenges to finally get the Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act over the finish line, and how work will begin immediately on the Senate side to deliver the bill to the president. Ethanol Report 5-14-26 23:26  READ MORE; includes AUDIO

 

Excerpt from National Corn Growers Association: “For corn farmers, most of whom also grow soybeans, the overall impact is positive,” the study explains. “On average, a representative farm with equal corn and soybean acres realizes a net benefit exceeding $5 per acre over the projection period.”  

Using a model developed by World Agricultural Economic and Environmental Services for NCGA, the study finds expanded E15 use, when accounting for updated Renewable Fuel Standard volumes and industry market assumptions for E15 adoption:  

  • boosts corn demand  
  • positively supports corn prices 
  • reduces net corn and soybean ARC/PLC outlays; and,  
  • increases the sum of overall net returns across the two crops   

“At a time when farmers are facing tight margins, allowing year-round, nationwide E15 stands out as a market-driven solution that strengthens rural economies and delivers savings to taxpayers,” the study noted.  Read the analysis here.    READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Wall Street Journal: Opponents of the bill say that allowing for E15 won’t only create more air pollution, but will force small refineries to close, and potentially won’t benefit U.S. agriculture as much as advertised.

“A stand-alone E15 bill could also struggle to secure the 60 votes needed for cloture,” said Jim Wiesemeyer of Ag Bull Trading in a note Thursday. “Opposition comes from multiple directions.”

For E15, the battle lines have long been drawn between competing industries. In the decade prior to the bill’s passage, agricultural groups have joined clean-energy advocates in support of the measure, seeing it as a way to boost domestic corn consumption.

Oil refiners have opposed adding obligations for them to blend ethanol, instead supporting initiatives to make the exemption process easier to navigate.

Those battle lines have been redrawn, resulting in an unlikely alliance between the Renewable Fuel Association and the American Petroleum Institute. The API changed its stance last year as new rules shifted more ethanol-blending volumes to larger refineries from smaller refineries, which still have volumes waived.

...

Accelerating the change in sentiment around E15 is the war with Iran. According to data from AAA, average gas prices have risen to an average of $4.55 a gallon nationwide as of early May, up 45% from the same time last year. This has quickly boosted the political support for E15 as a lower-cost alternative to regular gasoline.

...

Wednesday’s vote was unusual as it didn’t follow party lines, with 122 Republicans and 95 Democrats supporting the bill, while 90 Republicans and 113 Democrats opposed it.

Opposition to the bill was led by small oil refiners that qualify for small-refinery exemptions, or SREs.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Axios: Senate Republicans are looking for an off-ramp on an issue that divides their leadership team: year-round ethanol sales.

  • "We are probably going to have to make a tweak on the small refinery exemption, which we're working on," Sen. John Hoeven (R-N.D.) told Axios.

Why it matters: Public splits between Senate GOP leaders are rare. But few issues fracture Republicans like ethanol. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Oklahoma Farm Report: A significant portion of the E15 conversation centers on the refining industry, particularly in states like Oklahoma, where energy production is a cornerstone of the economy. Mullendore (Jared Mullendore, Renewable Fuel Association’s Policy Counsel and Director of Government Affairs) noted that many refiners have already successfully integrated ethanol into their operations to meet modern standards.

  • Collaborative Solutions: Mullendore highlighted that “refiners, many of whom in your state [Oklahoma], have figured out how to add that octane and get their fuel to modern standards… at a pretty low price using ethanol”.
  • Fairness in Transition: He emphasized a desire for a fair approach that respects the diverse portfolios of refiners, stating, “We want to work with refiners… let’s figure out a solution that works for us moving forward”.
  • High Consensus: The legislative product currently under discussion has a “high level of consensus” because most refiners have already adopted ethanol as a standard additive. 

...

Furthermore, replacing expensive petroleum aromatics (B-TEX) with ethanol offers both financial and health benefits. “We’re getting rid of the B-TEX… all the stuff that not only can have its health effects, but also is pretty expensive,” Mullendore explained.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from American Ag Network: Senate Majority Leader John Thune says he and colleagues are actively working to pass House-approved year-round E15 legislation and a new farm bill, both of which face a 60-vote threshold in the Senate.

Reminded that House Republicans separated year-round E15 from the farm bill to help secure passage in the House — a move that created additional hurdles in the Senate — Thune said lawmakers are now working through a strategy to move the legislation forward despite the higher vote requirement for standalone bills.

“We’re having a robust discussion about it.” said Thune. “I’m hopeful and confident that, in the end, we’ll be able to succeed and pick up what the House did, figure out how to pair it with the farm bill that they sent over here, and try and get a result for the American people and, more specifically, for the farmers all across this country.”

...

 However, he also acknowledged concerns from senators representing oil refining states, including John Barrasso, who stood beside Thune during the remarks. Refiners have expressed concerns about regulatory costs and fuel infrastructure compatibility tied to expanded ethanol blending requirements.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Brownfield Ag News: The president of the Renewable Fuels Association is hopeful having E15 as a standalone bill in the Senate helps its chances of success.

Geoff Cooper tells Brownfield.

“We actually think that provides some good opportunity for the bill to move sooner in the Senate because I think we’ve all heard that the Senate is probably not going to get around to acting on a farm bill anytime very soon. But they do have other business and other legislation that they need to move.”

He says that could open the door for E15 to be attached to other legislation moving through the Senate.

“Now we know we’ve got our work cut out for us in the Senate, there are some opponents of this current package. They don’t like some of the small refinery exemption provisions that are in there.”  READ MORE; includes AUDIO

 

Excerpt from Semafor: On Wednesday (May 20, 2026), Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.), an E15 proponent, told reporters he’s “hopeful and confident that in the end we’ll be able to succeed” in passing an E15 bill, which he said would help lower gasoline prices. But Thune’s number two, Sen. John Barrasso (R-Wyo.) was adamant last week that he’s still against it. “It’s unlikely the Senate will take up this bill as a standalone vote like the House did — there’s too much opposition,” Drew Monroe, an analyst at the consulting firm Capstone, told Semafor. “It would need to be attached to a must-pass legislative vehicle; the government funding bills ahead of the Sept. 30 deadline are a potential path forward.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Brownfield Ag News:  The chairman of the U.S. Senate Ag Committee says to expect farm bill work next month.  “We’re going to release the text in early June, and then we will be marking up in later June.”

John Boozman says he likes the farm bill that was sent over from the U.S. House.

...

Boozman says nationwide, year-round E-15 won’t be included.

“What you want to do is make it such that you don’t create a situation where you lose votes on the farm bill. There’s some people that would vote for the farm bill, but they might not be for ethanol. Both bills have lots of merit and can pass independently easier by themselves than in one bill.”

A Senate Ag Committee spokesperson tells Brownfield measures that build bipartisan support will be prioritized in the Senate’s version of the farm bill. And while the chairman supports proposals that reaffirm EPA’s role in labeling crop protection products and undoing California’s Prop 12, those measures don’t have the bipartisan support needed to be included.

Boozman tells Brownfield Senate leadership is committed to passing a farm bill, and Boozman remains optimistic a farm bill can cross the finish line.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from RFD TV: Senate Majority Leader John Thune says lawmakers are discussing how to move the House-passed E15 measure through the Senate, where it currently faces a 60-vote threshold as a standalone bill.

He says senators are also trying to align the E15 effort with broader Farm Bill negotiations as producers continue grappling with weak farm income and elevated input costs.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from RFD TV:  The pricing signals come as biofuel and corn groups continue to press Congress for permanent nationwide E15 access.

Ethanol blending economics are drawing new attention as Congress debates year-round E15 access. OPIS reports Chicago spot ethanol prices and D6 Renewable Identification Number credit values converged this week, with D6 RINs trading above physical ethanol with attached credits for the first time under the Renewable Fuel Standard.

OPIS assessed prompt Chicago Argo ethanol at $1.9360 per gallon last week, while D6 RINs were assessed at $2.01625 per RIN. Chicago CBOB gasoline blendstock was assessed at $3.7085 per gallon.

Renewable Fuels Association CEO Geoff Cooper told OPIS the pricing shows strong economic incentives for more ethanol blending. Higher D6 RIN values were associated with stronger finalized Renewable Volume Obligations for 2026 and 2027.

The debate comes as lawmakers consider year-round E15 legislation and changes tied to small refinery exemptions under the Renewable Fuel Standard.

For corn growers and ethanol producers, stronger blending incentives could support demand if policy allows broader E15 access.

Farm-Level Takeaway: High RIN values may strengthen ethanol blending economics, but year-round E15 access remains the key policy question.

Tony St. James, RFD News Markets Specialist

The pricing signals come as biofuel and corn groups continue to press Congress for permanent nationwide E15 access.

Industry leaders are expressing frustration over delays in securing year-round E15 sales legislation.

The National Corn Growers Association (NCGA), the nation’s largest corn organization, says E15 has consistently delivered lower fuel prices for consumers while also supporting corn demand and rural economies. Industry leaders say some stations have even reported E15 priced as much as $1 below standard 87-octane fuel.

“E15 should be a win for the consumer,” said Bill Leigh, member of NCGA’s Corn Board. “We’re seeing, typically, a decrease in their fuel prices of 15 to 50 cents, and we have some instances as much as $1 lower than 87 octane, which some of the national board members have taken pictures of at their local stations.”

Leigh argues that the biggest issue remains policy uncertainty. Since 2019, summertime E15 sales have largely depended on temporary EPA emergency waivers that must be repeatedly renewed throughout the summer driving season.

“The importance of getting this done as a piece of law is because, since 2019, we’ve had emergency waivers from the EPA to allow summertime use of E15, but there’s no certainty in that, because that’s a 20-day waiver,” he explains. “Every 20 days, the EPA administrator has to get another waiver — so it’s a whole summertime for the three months of the summer.”

 

Senate Now Holds Key to Year-Round E15

With House approval already secured, attention now shifts to the Senate, where the path forward becomes more complicated.

Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-IA), ranking member of the Senate Agriculture Committee, says the measure is unlikely to advance as a standalone bill because of Senate procedural hurdles. He says lawmakers are instead exploring opportunities to attach the measure to larger must-pass legislation later this year.

“It’ll never be up as a separate bill, because separate bills take too long,” Grassley says. “So, all we have to do is work very hard to get it done, and it has to be done as part of another major bill. E15 could be in the Farm Bill, the Defense Authorization Bill — any appropriations bill — and then, usually at the end of the year, we have some must-pass legislation.”

Grassley is pushing his Senate colleagues to write E15 into law, arguing that fuel refiners, retailers, and consumers all need greater long-term certainty surrounding E15 policy.

 

Global Biofuel Demand Continues to Expand

While U.S. lawmakers debate domestic fuel policy, global biofuel demand continues to expand — particularly in South America. Kansas State University economist Dan O’Brien tells the Oklahoma Farm Report that Brazil’s growing use of corn for biofuel production is becoming increasingly important to global grain markets.

“Particularly in Brazil, they use corn for their own domestic livestock usage — they grow a lot of soybeans as well — and also they export quite a bit,” O’Brien explains. “But you look at the growth that they’ve seen in their own domestic usage of biofuel [...] is driven by policy to come from these renewable sources.”

The economist notes that roughly 40 percent of Brazil’s domestic fuel consumption is now driven by renewable fuel policies.

Brazil remains one of the world’s top corn exporters alongside the United States and Argentina, but increased domestic ethanol demand could eventually tighten export supplies and reshape global trade flows.

“If Brazil starts to push its domestic production usage of corn to the place where the United States does, then hey, you’re having some crowding out effect,” O’Brien continues. “So, I guess, we’ll watch that and see where that takes us in future years.”

Analysts say Brazil’s long-term policy discussions surrounding higher ethanol blends, including E32 and E35, could have major implications for future corn demand and export competition.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association: Following House passage of H.R. 1346, the Nationwide Consumer and Fuel Retailer Choice Act, which allows for nationwide, year-round E15 access, Minnesota Bio-Fuels Association (MN Bio-Fuels) Executive Director Brian Werner issued the following statement:

“Washington D.C. is finally catching up to what drivers in Minnesota already know: E15 is a ready-made solution to high gas prices. House passage of the E15 legislation on a bipartisan vote of 218 - 203 is a meaningful step toward fixing an outdated regulatory gap that has limited access to a lower-cost, lower-emission fuel option for far too long.

The strain that rising fuel prices are placing on families, farmers, and businesses cannot be ignored. Misinformation and antiquated myths about ethanol should not prevent further action on commonsense solutions like year-round E15. Allowing year-round access to E15 is an immediate, practical way to provide meaningful relief. We’ve seen this play out in Minnesota. E15 is consistently priced lower than traditional gasoline and delivers real savings at the pump. Consumers deserve choice and access to a cleaner, more affordable fuel, and year-round E15 makes that possible.

We thank the bipartisan coalition of Minnesota House delegation members that came together to champion this issue and vote for lower gas prices and strong rural communities. We now urge the Senate to quickly take similar action.”

A recent study from MN Bio-Fuels underscores that impact. The analysis found Minnesota drivers saved $24.7 million in 2024 alone by choosing E15, with $79.5 million in cumulative savings since 2013. E15 has consistently been priced lower than traditional gasoline, providing a reliable, lower-cost option for consumers.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from RFD TV: 

Jan tenBensel with the Nebraska Ethanol Board says one of the most common criticisms surrounding ethanol is the long-running food-versus-fuel debate.

“When you go out and try to educate people and talk to people, there are a lot of good questions. Food versus fuel always comes up as one. We’re driving the price of groceries up, that’s what the detractor would say. But if you go to Walmart today, and you buy an 18-ounce box of, say, Corn Flakes, that’s about five bucks, $4.98, so let’s round up. That’s only got six cents worth of corn in it. You could double the price of corn right now and have 12 cents worth of corn in the Corn Flakes, so the six cents the farmer’s receiving for the price of corn is not the food inflation issue that we take the blame for. There are many other factors, from transportation to general labor and manufacturing of food items, but I love my corn flakes analogy, because it’s easy to post to. I’m like, well, if you don’t believe me, Google it. Get your Walmart app, and look at what Corn Flakes cost, and realize that the farmer is literally pulling in about one percent of that product cost.”

In addition to arguing ethanol is not driving grocery inflation, tenBensel says E-15 could also help lower fuel prices for consumers.

“E15, as you’ve heard me say many times before, replaces the most expensive, the most cancerous, and the most toxic parts of gasoline, technically ethanol, does not the E15, but by having a 15 percent blend, we have the potential to offset more of those products. A couple of weeks ago, ethanol was $2, and aromatics, which are the octane boosters in gasoline that are petroleum-based, were $4.26. So, it’s double the price for that first 15 percent of the fuel.”

The standalone bill allowing year-round E-15 sales remains in a holding pattern and would require 60 votes in the Senate to advance to President Trump’s desk.

Meanwhile, corn and soybean basis values strengthened over the past month across much of the Eastern Corn Belt.

Josh Strine with Purdue University says corn basis to July futures strengthened in nearly every crop reporting district tracked by Purdue’s Crop Basis Tool, with some of the largest gains occurring in Ohio.

“Corn basis to July futures strengthened in all but three crop reporting districts tracked by the crop basis tool over the past month. The basis weakened in southwest Illinois, southwest Michigan, and east central Ohio. The largest decrease occurred in east-central Ohio, where basis fell by 9 cents per bushel. The greatest strengthening occurred in south-central Ohio, where the basis increased by 23 cents per bushel, pushing the local basis even with July futures. The most defining feature of the current corn basis map is the continued shift in basis strength from the west to the east. In Ohio and Michigan, corn basis is above the three-year historical average in all but one crop reporting district. South Central Ohio stands out with the current basis at 25 cents per bushel above its historical average. In Indiana, most districts are near or slightly below historical norms, and several districts along the Ohio River are carrying positive basis.”

Strine says soybean basis values also posted broad gains, particularly along the Ohio River.

“Soybean basis to July futures increased in all but one crop reporting district tracked by the crop basis tool. The exception was southwest Michigan, where basis fell by six cents per bushel, well below the historical trend of a 14-cent per bushel increase. Gains elsewhere range from eight cents per bushel in west central Ohio to 26 cents per bushel in central Michigan. Basis along the Ohio River was the standout this month. Looking at the average of river terminals in Ohio and Indiana, soybean basis increased by 19 cents per bushel, more than double the historical trend of eight cents per bushel. River basis now stands at a positive 14 cents per bushel, 13 cents above the two-year historical average. In southeast Indiana, basis strengthened by 23 cents per bushel to positive two cents per bushel, nine cents above the historical norms. Southwest Indiana is even with July futures, ten cents above its historical average.”

According to Strine, historical trends indicate a more mixed pattern for corn and soybean basis levels going forward.  READ MORE; includes VIDEO

 

Excerpt from Newsmax: Sen. Pete Ricketts, R-Neb., urged the Senate to clear House-passed legislation to allow year-round sales of E15 ethanol blends, telling Newsmax on Wednesday that the higher-ethanol fuel is a "win-win-win" that can blunt pump prices driven up by the U.S.-Iran conflict.

Ricketts, appearing on "National Report," said the blend "helps clean up the environment, whether it's carbon emissions, particulate emissions, and it's also great for farmers and ranchers in my home state of Nebraska," which he called Nebraska's "number one industry."

"Right now, when you see what's going on in the Middle East, consumers are seeing gas prices go up," Ricketts said. "This is a homegrown solution that can help mitigate some of that increase in gas prices by using renewable fuels to bring that price back down a bit."

...

House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., and Majority Leader Steve Scalise, R-La., opposed the bill, and the CBO pegged the 10-year deficit impact at about $2.3 billion. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Agri-Pulse:  The American Petroleum Institute says Congress needs to stick with a House-passed E15 bill as President Donald Trump formally asks lawmakers to clear a new funding package that also includes the pro-ethanol measure. READ MORE

 

Excerpt from DTN Progressive Farmer: Last week (week of July13, 2026), commodity and ethanol groups flooded Capitol Hill, united around their "laser-focused" priorities on ethanol but prepared to negotiate.

But Sen. Grassley said on Tuesday: "There's not a lot of opportunities left. I'm still hearing leadership of the Senate say it can be a separate bill on the floor of the United States Senate, but I don't see how we have time."

Current reporting indicates a compromise could be reached between the House-passed version of the E15 bill and the Fischer-Capito bill introduced in the Senate in February 2025 by Sens. Deb Fischer, R-Neb., and Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va.

Grassley said he has not yet seen legislative text. "I'm not so sure that compromise is as important, as once we have a compromise, how are you going to get the thing through the United States Senate?" he said.

IN THE SENATE'S HANDS

Jan tenBensel, a National Corn Growers Association board member and Nebraska farmer, told DTN, "Our official push is for the House version of the E15 year-round legislation that we've worked with the American Petroleum Institute to develop." But if a clean E15 bill were pushed through the Senate, he said, they "certainly would celebrate that."

The key differences between the bills center on their potential impact on soybean demand and changes to small-refinery exemptions under the Renewable Fuel Standard, which determines how much renewable fuel refiners must blend into the nation's fuel supply.

Under an SRE, a qualifying small refinery can receive relief from some of its RFS blending obligations. Ethanol and corn groups argue that broad use of SREs reduces demand for renewable fuels such as ethanol and undermines the RFS, while refiners contend that exemptions are necessary to protect smaller facilities from disproportionate compliance costs.

NCGA stands in support of RFS reform because of the coalition built with oil, specifically the American Petroleum Institute.

Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the Renewable Fuels Association, said he was a lead negotiator in discussions with the American Petroleum Institute and believed it represented a sound compromise.

But he said one group has not been willing to compromise: Small Refineries of America. READ MORE

Tags
Transportation Fuels Policy Sustainability soybeans South Dakota small refinery exemption (SRE) RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) Pennsylvania North Dakota Nebraska Minnesota Middle East market forces Legislation-Federal labels Illinois Green Jobs fuel prices food vs fuel Farm Bill ethanol/bioethanol ethanol prices EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) energy security energy independence E35 E32 E15 price E15 E10 Department of Energy (DOE) D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs corn/maize corn ethanol BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Brazil BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production
Share

Comments are closed.

Nearly 60,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the nearly 60,000 articles indexed on this website.

Advanced Biofuels USA Policy Statements and Handouts!
Our Sponsors
FREE Subscription! Advanced Biofuels USA events calendar; policy and actions; education newsletters
Donate
ARCHIVES
CATEGORIES
tags
Advanced Clean Fleets Rule 100 octane 100% SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election 2022 Election 2022 US Senate and House Campaign 2024 Election 2025 Elections 2026 Elections 2nd generation biofuels 3-D 30C alternative fuel vehicle refueling property credit 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 40A Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel Tax Incentive 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit 45Q Carbon Oxide Sequestration Tax Credit 45V Hydrogen Production Tax Credit 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit 48C Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit 48E Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit 4th generation fuels 7% solution 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 96 octane 98 octane A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) abatement abu Abu Dhabi acacia acai seeds acetate acetic acid acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act adsorption Advanced Biofuel Payment Program advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production Advanced Clean Cars II Rule (ACC and ACCII) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerobic digestion aerosols Affordable Clean Energy Program (ACE) afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy air quality Aircraft engine emissions airports Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alcohol-to-diesel alcohol-to-gasoline alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit Alternative Fuels Tax Credit (AFTC) aluminum Amazon American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) ammonia fuel cell ammonia price ammonia terminal ammonia-fueled aircraft amylose anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion and Energy Use in Transportation Model Angola anhydrous ethanol animal bedding animal fat animal feed animal waste Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust apple Appropriations APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentian Argentiina Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-C ARPA-E ARPA-Terra arrandi artificial intelligence Aruba Asia Asia Pacific asphalt/bitumen ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D396 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM D975 ASTM E3050 Denatured Ethanol for Cooking ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada atmosphere Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive aviation aviation fuel (SAF) benefits aviation fuel (SAF) mandates aviation fuel (SAF) price aviation fuel (SAF) production aviation fuel (SAF) pumps/delivery aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit aviation fuel (SAF) terminal Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Aviation Gasoline/AvGas avocado award awards/recognition Azerbaijan. b B0 B10 B100 B100 pumps B11 B12 B12.5 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B2 B20 B24 B25 B3 B30 B30 pumps B30RD10 B33 B35 B4 B40 B45 B49 B5 B50 B50RD50 B6 B60 B7 B70 B75 B8 B80 B98 B99 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors BIGoil billion ton study bio Bio LPG (Bio Liquid Petroleum Gas) bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy Bio-CNG price Bio-CNG pumps Bio-CNG/RNG terminal bio-LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG Pumps (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG terminal bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil/pyrolysis oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Market Access and Development Grants Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals biociiesel bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel pipeline biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioelectrochemical conversion bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) biofoundry biofuel cells biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuel production biofuel tax credit biofuel terminal Biofuels Biofuels Directive biofuels education Biogas Biogas pipeline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline pumps biogenic carbon biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons biohydrogen BioIsoprene BioMADE biomanufacturing biomass Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass oil biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower BioPreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) old 9003 Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance 9003 Program BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust black soldier fly Blend wall blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock blockchain blue carbon boat fuel boiler/furnace fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water brash Brassica Brazil breadfruit/ulu breweries brine British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C4 grasses C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Calophyllum hawthorn Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon capture/Class VI wells carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/modern/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2 terminal CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa cocoa husks Coconut coconut oil price coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Congressional Review Act Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 COP31 copper coppice copra CORCs (CO2 Removal Certificates) cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn husk corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude lignin oil (CLO) crude oil Cruise Ships Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi Customs and Border Protection cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping dual-fuel/flex fuel ships Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas (SNG)) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E10M90 ethanol/methanol E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E32 E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISB15 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering Maritime Administration (MARAD) market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol-to-Jet Cyclo Paraffins with Aromatics (MtJ-CKA) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas pipelines natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production on-site methanol production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III, IV) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel renewable naphtha-with-ethanol-t0-jet (NETJ) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Natural Oil (RNO) Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose Request for Proposal (RFP) research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum price sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene tomato Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees tri-fuel ships Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey Tuvalu U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine Ukriane UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) Ultra-low-carbon bioethanol underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO UNIDO (United National Industrial Development Organization) United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations (UN) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urban sprawl urbanization Uruguay US Agency for International Development (USAID) US Army US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission USAC USAID USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO)/yellow grease used motor oil used railroad ties ustain Utah utilities utility model Uzbekistan value chain Value Stack vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC (volumetric ethanol excise tax credit) vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont vetiver Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virgin Islands. virgin oils Virginia viruses vlsfo VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers VTOL (vertical take-off and landing aircraft) Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth water policy water pollution water quality water treatment water vapor watermeal watermelon wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa West Coast West Java West Virginia Western Australia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheat prices wheat straw wheatgrass whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wisdonsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylitol xylose yard waste yeast yellowhorn tree Yemen Yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites zero-carbon bioethanol Zimbabwe zinc zoning

© 2008-2023 Copyright Advanced BioFuels USA. All Rights reserved.