alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ)

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Renewable Jet Fuel: Why Everything Is So Up In The Air, A View from the Cockpit

by Jonathan Lewis (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels Digest)  Having flown the “heavy iron” for more than thirty (30) years, I can state with full confidence that there are only three (3) very important questions pilots have about Jet Fuel: #1. Is it good

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Alaska Airlines Pioneers Use of Corn-Based Biofuel on Two Jet Flights

(Q13Fox.com)  Alaska airlines made aviation history today, when it flew two planes partially fueled by “biofuel” made from fermented corn. The airline fueled up two jets at Sea-Tac Airport. One headed south, to San Francisco, the other east, to Washington, DC. “We aren’t

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Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research: Reducing Global Carbon Emissions (2016)

by Committee on Propulsion and Energy Systems to Reduce Commercial Aviation Carbon Emissions; Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies Press) The primary human activities that release carbon

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RES-T-BIOPLANT: Towards Advanced Biofuels – Options for Integrating 1st and 2nd Generation Biofuel Production

(IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment)  The integration of advanced (2nd generation / 2G) biofuel plants with conventional (1st generation / 1G) biofuel plants can lead to significant synergies and cost savings, especially for bioethanol plants. For biodiesel,

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Baseball, the Trade Deadline, and the Industrial Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Some teams are sellers. They reduce costs, go lean, and hunker down in a case of “wait’ll next year”. In industrial biotechnology, the calendar tells us it’s May but it might as well be July, because

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Fifth Bio-based Jet Fuel Approved by FAA

by Curt Epstein (AIN Online)  The FAA recently approved a new, alternative bio-based jet fuel that meets ASTM International standards. Known as Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (ATJ-SPK), the new aviation fuel is created from isobutanol, an alcohol that

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New Alternative Jet Fuel Approved

(Federal Aviation Administration)  The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has played an integral role in development, testing and recent approval of a new alternative, environmentally-friendly, bio-based jet fuel, bringing the total number of these approved products for use in air travel

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Gevo’s Alcohol to Jet Fuel Clears Key ASTM Hurdle

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  First commercial test flight with Alaska Airlines comes closer In Colorado, ASTM International Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and Subcommittee D02.J on Aviation Fuel passed a concurrent ballot this week approving the

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Gevo Restarts Production of Isobutanol in March 2016 Following Completion of Capital Projects

(Gevo) Gevo, Inc.(NASDAQ:GEVO) today announced financial results for the three months endedDecember 31, 2015. Key highlights for Gevo included: Gevo restarted the production of isobutanol at its production facility in Luverne, Minnesota following the completion of capital projects designed to decrease

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Drop in, Trip Out, Turn On: The Digest’s 2016 Multi-Slide Guide to Drop-In Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Yesterday, we held a well-attended webinar on “Drop-In Fuels” Here below is the first slide deck presented on the day. We’ll have the remainder of slides tomorrow. The recorded version can be accessed here.  READ MORE

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Promising Jet Fuel Market Looms for Upgraded Bioethanol, Butanol

by KSL (Lee Enterprises/Ethanol Producer Magazine) ... Jet Fuel Potential  --- Another large-scale market attracts developers in alcohol-to-jet fuel blends. For example, a Boeing 747 consumes approximately 1 gallon of fuel per second. Over the course of a 10-hour flight,

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The Usual Suspects in Renewable Jet Fuels

by KSL (Lee Enterprises/Renewable Energy World)  As renewables are moving from niche to mainstream, the industry is facing a paradigm shift in cost, quality, complexity, and scale ­— creating opportunities to develop new and different technologies and operating models. Achieving

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Gevo to Supply Biofuel for Alaska Airlines Commercial Flight

by Steve Wilhelm (Denver Business Journal)  Alaska Airlines says it will will partner with Gevo Inc., a leading maker of plant-based jet fuel, as the Seattle-based airline progresses from previous demonstration flights using Gevo's aviation biofuel to commercial flight sometime

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Any Alcohol into Jet Fuel: The Digest’s 2016 8-Slide Guide to Byogy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Byogy has developed a catalytic platform that converts any source of ethanol, butanol, mixed alcohols, or related olefins, into full replacement, and cost competitive biofuels including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. Byogy’s jet fuel is

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Alcohol to Renewable Jet Fuel: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to Gevo’s ATJ

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Alcohol-to-jet. Several are working on it – Byogy, for example, and Vertimass, Virent and LanzaTech. But Gevo has been working through the rigorous ASTM process for six years, which includes extensive engine testing and data

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“High Confidence Level” as Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel Closes in on Historic ASTM Approval

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As ASTM technical balloting is underway and as experts sift through and request revised submissions of technical data, insiders are pointing to an early 2016 approval for Gevo’s renewable alcohol-to-jet fuel. In Washington, CAAFI Executive Director

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Port of Seattle Partners with Alaska Airlines and Boeing on Plan to Supply Sustainable Aviation Biofuel at Sea-Tac Airport

(PR NewsWire)  The Port of Seattle, Alaska Airlines [NYSE: ALK] and Boeing [NYSE: BA] are partnering to move toward a significant environmental goal: powering all flights by all airlines at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport with sustainable aviation biofuel. Sea-Tac is the

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The Petrified Forest, or Who Moved my $80 Oil?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Are high prices good for renewable fuels? The hard data actually goes the other way. The Digest investigates. ...  What we can see from the following chart is confirmation that fracking and other enhanced oil

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Mission Incomplete

by Katie Fletcher (Biomass Magazine)  The U.S. Department of Defense has yet to purchase alternative fuels beyond testing and demonstration purposes, but intentions remain.  --  In July, the U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report observing U.S. Department of Defense

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Vertimass, DOE Validate Benchmarks, Process Design for High-Yield Alcohol-to-Fuels Technology

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In California, Vertimass completed its DOE technology validation that verifies the benchmark performance, initial process design and preliminary cost information for a new award of $2 million by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technology

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Merging Refinery Tech with Biofuels: The Digest’s 2015 8-Slide Guide to Honeywell’s UOP

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Honeywell’s UOP has developed a renewable jet fuel processing technology, a renewable diesel process, as well as a joint venture, Envergent Technologies, that will market technologies and equipment for generating power, transportation fuel and heating

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Fueling Our Future, from Wood to Wing

by Stephanie Pearl (US Department of Agriculture)  U.S. airline carriers collectively used more than 16 billion gallons of jet fuel in 2014. Given growing concerns over energy independence and the environment, commercial airlines are looking for secure and reliable alternative jet

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Vertimass, Technip to Work together to Scale up ORNL Technology

(Vertimass/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Vertimass LLC announced the company has chosen Technip to provide pilot testing, scale-up, and initial plant design for their novel technology for converting alcohol to renewable gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel blend stocks that are compatible with

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Energy Department Awards up to $4 Million to Develop Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

(US Department of Energy)  The Energy Department today announced two additional projects selected to receive up to $4 million to develop next-generation biofuels that will help reduce the cost of producing gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels from biomass. These projects—in

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Alaska Airlines Partners with NARA on Alternative Jet Fuels

by Jesse Sokolow (Frequent Business Traveler)  Alaska Airlines announced a new partnership with Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance, or NARA, that is aimed at furthering the production and use of alternative jet fuel made from leftover tree limbs and branches after

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Butamax, Gevo Settle, Will Work Together on Market Development

(Gevo/Butamax/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Gevo Inc. and Butamax Advanced Biofuels LLC, a joint venture between BP and DuPont, announced that they have entered into worldwide patent cross-license and settlement agreements, ending a patent dispute related to technologies for the production of

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GAO Report Addresses DOD Alternative Fuels Investments

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  In late July, the U.S. Government Accountability Office published a report focused on U.S. Department of Defense investments in alternative fuels. The report notes that while the DOE has purchased small quantities of alternative fuels

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Gevo’s Losses Narrow, Revenue up 15% as Courts Issue Favorable Ruling in Betamax vs Gevo Patent Cases

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... The increase in revenue during 2015 is primarily a result of the production and sale of approximately $8.0 million of ethanol, isobutanol and distiller’s grains at the Luverne plant. Hydrocarbon revenues were $0.8 million, primarily

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4 Potential Biofuel Winners From EPA Targeting Aircraft Emissions

by Jon C. Ogg  (24/7 Wall Street)  ... The EPA is now seeking public input to inform future steps by the agency regarding emissions from the commercial airline sector. While the effort is new, this has been coming for years. One

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Gevo’s Wood-Derived Jet Fuel to Be Used in Test Flight

(Gevo/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  Gevo Inc. has announced a breakthrough to its fermentation technology that will allow it to produce isobutanol from cellulosic feedstocks such as wood waste which can then be converted into Gevo's alcohol-to-jet fuel. Gevo currently makes isobutanol from

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Alaska Airlines, WSU Partner to Advance Use of Aviation Biofuels

(Alaska Airlines/PR Newswire)  Washington state's hometown airline is teaming up with the Washington State University-led Northwest Advanced Renewables Alliance (NARA) to advance the production and use of alternative jet fuel made from forest residuals, the tree limbs and branches that

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Alaska Airlines, Gevo to Demonstrate Renewable Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel in Upcoming Flight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Alaska Airlines ups the ante in the search for sustainable, affordable jet fuels.  In Colorado, Gevo and Alaska Airlines announced a strategic alliance to purchase Gevo’s renewable jet fuel and fly the first-ever commercial flight on

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Gevo Sells Renewable Jet Fuel to NASA

(Gevo/Biomass Magazine)  Gevo Inc. has announced that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has purchased Gevo's renewable alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ) for aviation use at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Gevo's ATJ is manufactured at its demonstration biorefinery

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Look, up in the Sky! The Best of the Aviation Biofuels Slides from ABLC 2015

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Great Scott! New molecules, new feedstocks, new technologies, and reaching scale — the best of the best.  At ABLC 2015, the focus on innovation included a complete program on aviaiton — and numerous producers elsewhere

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Advanced Biofuels Community Leaders Meet: Persistent and Dogged in the Throes of a Tough Slog

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Every year, the annual Washington, DC gathering of leaders in the advanced biofuels world at the Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference sports a different "vibe." In the early days of the late 2000's, the atmosphere

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What’s New, Different and Hot in Military and Aviation Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... In the world of aviation biofuels, the bands and the bunting are rolling out less frequently. But mostly, because the sector has moved out of a noise-filled early R&D phase and is heading towards deployment.

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U.S. Navy Flies Supersonic With Gevo ATJ

(Gevo)  Multiple Test Flights Conducted on F/A-18 "Hornet" Using a 50/50 ATJ Blend The U.S. Navy, Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), and Gevo, Inc. (Nasdaq:GEVO), the world's only commercial producer of renewable isobutanol, announced today the first successful "alcohol-to-jet" (ATJ) supersonic

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14 for ’15: The Bioeconomy Agenda, 2015

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  14 perspectives on policy, technologies and geographies of compelling interest in the new year --  At ABLC Next this year in San Francisco — naturally, the focus is on “what’s next” in technology, finance, deployment

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Righteous Heat: 10 Hot Slides from ABLCNext Do the Show-and-Tell on Who's Got the Magic

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  10 hot companies, The Young Fresh Faces, the Later-Stagers, the Out-of-the-Box Thinkers - who is challenging the status quo and how and why? Here are new slides from the Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference – ABLC Next

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HSBC to Join Virgin Atlantic, LanzaTech Partnership for Low Carbon Jet Fuel

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In the UK, Virgin Atlantic has announced that the UK’s largest bank, HSBC, is joining its partnership with LanzaTech in preparation for a world-first flight using a ground-breaking low carbon fuel. LanzaTech is developing a revolutionary

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Surface-to-Air: How Vertimass Might Shatter Conventional Yields in Alcohol-to-Jet Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Saturated E10 ethanol markets; unmet demand in aviation biofuels: can Vertimass’ technology provide the bridge? ... After all, if you dehydrate ethanol (that is, remove the water, H2O), what you have is ethylene, a hydrocarbon. And you

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Answers for Your Questions about the Bioeconomy, Biofuels, Renewable Chemicals and Bioproducts

by Jim Lane  (Biofuels Digest)  ... With great sessions at conferences, delegates are usually keen to get a hold of the powerpoint decks. But how do you get a hold of the great Q&A that follows the presentations — or the

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Ripe for Ethanol Innovations: Midlands Research Is Boosting Value of Corn Distillation Process

by Russell Hubbard  (Omaha World-Herald)  It starts out as freeze-dried fungus or bacteria from Denmark and ends up being one of the key ingredients in what some are calling Nebraska’s and Iowa’s shot at the big time when it comes

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8 Trends Driving Aviation Biofuels Today

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...  SkyNRG is undertaking its first major feedstock project in South Africa, featuring a nicotine-free energy tobacco crop that’s developed by Sunchem under the name of Solaris. Which is an excellent reminder of how much activity

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Advanced Drop-In Biofuels for Commercial Aviation, Marine Shipping, and Military Applications: Global Market Analysis and Forecasts

(Navigant Research)  Viewed as a game changer in the race to commercialize advanced biofuels, aviation and marine biofuels represent a very significant opportunity for emerging producers in the advanced biofuels industry. Demand for advanced biofuels produced from sustainable, non-food feedstocks

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Biofuels Digest Posts "Hot Slides" from Advanced Biofuels Leadership Conference

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  On ABLC's opening morning, we have some of the top slides -an inside look from Inbicon, Ensyn, GranBio, Sapphire Energy, LanzaTech - hot topics such as product portfolios, refinery integration, policy cliffs, the use of

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Lufthansa to Evaluate Gevo's Renewable Jet Fuel

(Gevo/Biomass Magazine)  Gevo Inc., the world's only commercial producer of renewable isobutanol, has announced that it has come to an agreement with Lufthansa to evaluate Gevo's renewable jet fuel with the goal of approving Gevo's alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ) for commercial

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Gevolution 2014: Gevo’s Forward Progress, and Some Side-by-Side

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As Gevo reports its 4Q results and adds back some ethanol production, we look at the short-term gains and the long-term implications.   Why ethanol, why now — what’s the latest news mean from this signature

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Vertimass Licenses ORNL Biofuel-to-Hydrocarbon Conversion Technology

(Oak Ridge National Laboratory)  Vertimass LLC, a California-based start-up company, has licensed an Oak Ridge National Laboratory technology that directly converts ethanol into a hydrocarbon blend-stock for use in transportation fuels. The ORNL technology offers a new pathway to biomass-derived renewable

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BRICS and Mortar: The Fast-Growing BRIC Economies Take Aim at Aviation Biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Brazil, Russia, India and China — and throw in South Africa for a complete BRICSA set.  The vaunted new economic engines for the 21st century — and, lately, home to a beehive of activity around drop-in,

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The Four Horsemen of the Financials: Gevo, Solazyme, Amyris Report for Q3

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In years gone by, it was not too hard to write up a summary of Gevo, Solazyme and Amyris — all aimed at fuels, all in the development stage, all used synthetic biology in closed

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Avianca Brasil Selects Byogy To Source Clean Aviation Biofuels

(Avianca Brasil/Byogy/PR NewsWire)  Continuing its commitment to deliver economical, 100% drop-in replacement biofuels, Byogy is delighted that Avianca Brasil has selected the Byogy Renewables Alcohol to Jet ("ATJ") fully renewable aviation biofuel process to source their environment friendly alternate low

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Avianca Brasil Selects Byogy To Source Clean Aviation Biofuels

(PRNewsWire/BizJournals.com)  Byogy and Avianca Brasil Announce Collaboration to Accelerate Global Certification Continuing its commitment to deliver economical, 100% drop-in replacement biofuels, Byogy is delighted that Avianca Brasil has selected the Byogy Renewables Alcohol to Jet ("ATJ") fully renewable aviation biofuel process

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Seeking Delta: Biofuels, Algae, Natgas, CO2 and the Finding of True Value

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... “What you really are in the business of,” Aemetis CEO Eric McAfee reflects, “is capturing the arbitrage between the commodity price of your most expensive feedstock — and the price of your finished molecule plus

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Michael Bennet, United States Senator for Colorado, Visits Gevo, Advocates for Renewable Fuels and Chemicals

(Globe Newswire/Gevo)  United States Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado toured and met with Gevo, Inc. (Nasdaq:GEVO) today to discuss the importance of renewable fuels and chemicals for Colorado and the U.S. economy. Senator Bennet met with Gevo executives including chief executive

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Commercial Aviation Biofuels: Translating Green Ambitions into Green Miles

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  How to get from available field to affordable fuel in 14 steps. The MASBI report is out, and that’s good. ... Last week, the Midwest Aviation Sustainable Biofuels Initiative, led by United Airlines, Boeing, Honeywell’s UOP, the

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Aviation RFJ: Are You Getting on Board? Technical Pathway Development--Expanding Supply and Reducing Cost

by Aino Siirala (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Steve Csonka, as director of Enviro Strategy and Ecomagination, GE Aviation, the world-leading provider of jet engines, gave an overview of the importance of renewable jet fuel specifications leading to commercialization at the Biomass

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Cobalt, Mercurius, BioProcess Algae, Frontline Land $17.7M in Military Biofuels Grants

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Pilot-scale biorefineries for drop-in military diesel, jet fuel the focus of the DOE’s latest grant round. In Washington, the US Department of Energy announced up to $17.7 million in grants to four pilot-scale biorefinery projects aimed

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Up, Up and Away: Aviation Biofuels Players Start Building Capacity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Now – it’s all about organizing sustainable, affordable feedstock and building capacity. And, airlines providing capital for the first commercial projects — to ensure that capacity building reaches levels in line with the industry’s self-imposed

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The Solyndra Effect, or Why Alcohol-to-Jet Fuel Is a Tough Sell

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...What we keep running into is what Aemetis CEO Eric McAfee once described to me as the immutable “Natural Law of Alternative Commodity Markets”. ...NLACM states that “the value of any intermediate products produced in any

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Aviation Biofuel: Technology-Ready, Needs Capex Infusion, RIN Reforms

by Marsha W. Johnston (Renewable Energy World)  By all rights, many believe aviation biofuel producers should be attracting deep-pocketed investors ambitious enough to build the infrastructure necessary to meet a clearly burgeoning industrial-sized demand. At the Aviation Biofuels Development Conference, representatives

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6 Treacherous Biofuels Crevasses, 6 Guides to Steer You

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...Those momentum killers. Company wreckers. The investor flight-inducing crevasses along the route to the top – that take away a level playing field, remove your access to markets, delay a counted-on early-stage customer, or frighten

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The Hillary Step: 7 Biofuels Contenders, 7 Routes to Scale, Who’s Near the Summit, Who Will Plant the Flag?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Every biofuels contender has its own route to the top – with unique advantages and technical challenges.  Who is nearing the Summit, what’s their Hillary Step, who’s got Sherpas, who’s got oxygen?  It’s the race

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Fly the Bio Skies: 10 Milestones in the Summer of Aviation biofuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)   ...But in many respects, its been a summer about aviation biofuels – starting with the demonstration of the US Navy’s Green Strike Group and continuing to announcements of projects right through the summer. The

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The Navy’s Green Strike Group Sails on Biofuels Blend: Will It Sail Again?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  As the Pacific-based forces of Can-Do battle the Washington-based forces of Shouldn’t-Try, we look at the 6 Big Myths of Military Biofuels In Hawaii, the US Navy demonstrated its Green Strike Group as part of the 2012 Rim

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Air Force Tests Jet Using Gevo Biofuel

by Mark Harden (BizJournals.com/Denver Business Journal)  The U.S. Air Force has flown the first successful test flight using a type of biofuel provided by Colorado’s Gevo Inc. The single-seat, twin-engine Air Force A-10 Thunder Bolt jet flew June 28 at Eglin

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Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuels Update on ASTM Approval

by Nate Brown (Federal Aviation Administration)  Power Point presentation with graphics illustrating the steps for new aviation fuel approval, graphic descriptions of anticipated aviation fuels (and progress of various pathways along the process).  Includes alcohol to jet, direct sugar to

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IN FOCUS: Pricing and Supply Key to Unlocking Large-Scale US Biofuel Use

by Lori Ranson (FlightGlobal)  Successful commercial biofuel flights operated by US carriers in late 2011 were underpinned by an understanding that price and supply chain infrastructure remain the big hurdles to creating a viable full-scale alternative aviation fuels industry in

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The 11 Top Biofuels Trends of 2011

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  There were IPOs a go-go, a big comeback from biodiesel. The global ethanol fleet has acquired new popularity amongst advanced biofuels developers looking for capital light steel in the ground. Meanwhile, gasification got hot. Seemed

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Economic Jet-A Fuel from Ethanol Achieved

by Bob Brooks (Automotive Industries)  United Airlines recently announced its intention to purchase 20 mllion/gal/yr of bio based, ASTM spec Jet-A fuel on condition it results in at least 50%  reduced GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions from aircraft engines and is cost

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Byogy Seeks up to $30 Million to Market Alcohol-Based Jet Fuel

by Christine Boynton  (Air Transport World)  California-based Byogy Renewables will seek as much as $30 million in funding from private equity and strategic investors by mid-2012, Bloomberg reported. The funds will be used to commercialize its alcohol-based fuel, and for

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Why the Shift over to Alcohol-to-Jet Fuels? Will ATJ Avoid the Cost Problems Plaguing Oilseed-bBased Fuels?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ...But to make affordable jet fuel, say at a $4.00 cost per gallon to the airline, you really need to get feedstock at under 30 cents per pound, or less than $600 per ton. Otherwise,

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carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing 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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo 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criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services 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drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric 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Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance 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feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for 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price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic 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