Commission Unveils the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan: A Strategic Approach to Boost Renewable and Low-Carbon Fuels for Aviation and Waterborne Transport

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November 06, 2025
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(European Commission) The European Commission today (November 5, 2025) adopted its communication on the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan (STIP), setting out a pivotal roadmap to rapidly accelerate the energy transition of aviation and waterborne transport sectors. A key component of the EU Competitiveness Compass and the Clean Industrial Deal, this initiative provides for the first time a common approach to boost investments into renewable and low-carbon fuels for these sectors.

The Investment Plan responds to the urgent need to unlock investments and scale up production of renewable and low-carbon fuels. To meet the fuel targets set out in the ReFuelEU Aviation and FuelEU Maritime Regulations, a significant volume of around 20 million tonnes of sustainable alternative fuels (13.2 Mt of biofuels and 6.8 Mt of e-fuels) will be needed by 2035. This calls for substantial investments from the market, with an estimated €100 billion required by 2035 to drive production.

By accelerating the production of EU-made sustainable fuels, Europe can significantly boost its competitiveness, reduce its energy dependency on fossil fuels and lead this industrial transition, on the way to reaching climate neutrality by 2050. Europe is already a global leader and holds most of the know-how and industrial leadership in this sector.

Key actions to boost investments

Regulatory stability is key for attracting investments into renewable and low-carbon fuels. With the STIP, the Commission sends a clear signal to investors that its targets are stable, and that it will support the sector throughout the transition.

The EU measures under this plan are expected to mobilise at least €2.9 billion until the end of 2027. 

  • To rapidly remove key investment barriers and bridge the financial gap in the short-term, InvestEU will mobilise at least €2 billion for sustainable alternative fuels until 2027.
  • The Commission will propose €300 million by end of this year to support the production of hydrogen for sustainable aviation (SAF) and maritime (SMF) fuels through the European Hydrogen Bank.
  • The Commission will support R&I projects with around €133 million under Horizon Europe.
  • The Commission will mobilise €153 million for synthetic aviation fuel projects and €293 million for maritime fuel projects under the Innovation Fund.

Additionally, an eSAF Early Movers Coalition pilot project will be launched by end of this year, together with committed Member States, aiming to mobilise at least €500 million for synthetic aviation fuel projects.

In the medium-term, the EU needs an intermediary mechanism connecting fuel producers and buyers to provide revenue certainty and de-risk investments. The Commission will work towards establishing such a mechanism with a series of concrete steps. In addition, the Investment Plan aims to reduce administrative burdens on airlines and shipping operators, freeing up resources for growth.

The Investment Plan will also strengthen international partnerships to boost global production of these fuels, while at the same time protecting EU investments and ensuring fair competition for EU fuel producers and users.

Commissioner for Sustainable Transport and Tourism, Apostolos Tzitzikostas, stated: "Our Sustainable Transport Investment Plan is a decisive step towards a sustainable future. It’s not just about cutting emissions – it’s about building a stronger, more competitive and resilient Europe that leads in sustainable transport. This ambitious plan shows the Commission’s firm commitment to scaling up renewable and low-carbon fuels in aviation and waterborne transport. Success will depend on close cooperation among Member States, industry, financiers and civil society to turn this challenge into a strategic opportunity for Europe."

Background

The Sustainable Transport Investment Plan is structured around three main pillars:

  • Strategic framework: identifying crucial investment needs and existing deficits.
  • Financing action: outlining actions with both short-term and medium-term impact to derisk and unlock investments and kick-start the renewable and low-carbon fuel market in Europe.
  • External dimension: facilitating global production and uptake of renewable and low-carbon fuels, ensuring EU access and a level playing field for EU businesses.

It is one of the priority initiatives featured in Commissioner Tzitzikostas’ Mission Letter. In July, the Commissioner held an implementation dialogue with the EU’s aviation, waterborne and fuel producer sectors to better understand their needs for ramping up renewable and low-carbon fuels production, as well as expectations for the Investment Plan.

For more information

Commission communication: Sustainable Transport Investment Plan

Sustainable Transport Investment Plan factsheet

READ MORE

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Excerpt from European Commission: The European Commission today (November 4, 2025) adopted a comprehensive transport package. It will accelerate the roll-out of Europe's high-speed rail network and to boost investment in renewable and low-carbon fuels for the aviation and waterborne sectors.

Competitiveness and sustainability are the guiding principles of this package, which aims to make the EU transport system more efficient, interconnected, accessible, clean and resilient. The measures presented today cover two key areas – rail, where Europe already leads on sustainability, and fuels, where Europe must now accelerate investments for its energy transition.

Faster, more connected rail across Europe

The new High-Speed Rail Action Plan sets out the steps needed to create a faster, more interoperable and better-connected European network by 2040. It aims to cut journey times and make rail a more attractive alternative to short-haul air travel, thus increasing passenger numbers and boosting regional economies and tourism.

Building on the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), the plan foresees to connect major nodes at speeds of 200 km/h and above. Passengers will be able to travel from Berlin to Copenhagen in four hours instead of the current seven, and from Sofia to Athens in six hours instead of the current 13 hours and 40 minutes. New cross-border links will also enable faster and simpler journeys such as Paris–Lisbon via Madrid and improved connectivity between the Baltic capitals.

To deliver this vision, the Commission proposes four key strands of action:

  • Removing cross-border bottlenecks through binding timelines to be set by 2027 and the identification of options for higher speeds, including well-above 250 km/h when economically viable.
  • Developing a coordinated financing strategy, including a strategic dialogue with Member States, industry and financiers leading to a High-Speed Rail Deal to mobilise the required investment.
  • Improving the conditions for the rail industry and rail operators to invest, develop innovative solutions and operate competitively, including through a more attractive regulatory environment, by enhancing cross-border ticketing and booking systems, supporting a second-hand market for rolling stock, accelerating the deployment of the EU digital management systems, and fostering R&D and cooperation on scalable solutions.
  • Strengthening EU-level governance, requiring infrastructure managers to coordinate on capacity for cross-border long-distance services, and facilitating standardisations and authorisations.

Beyond shorter travel times, the plan will ease congestion and free up capacity on conventional lines, facilitating night trains, freight transport, and military mobility, while strengthening Europe's competitiveness in tourism and industry.

Scaling up investment in renewable and low-carbon fuels

The second initiative adopted today – the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan (STIP) – sets out a common approach to boost investment in renewable and low-carbon fuels focusing on aviation and waterborne transport.

To meet the RefuelEU Aviation and FuelEU Maritime targets, around 20 million tonnes of sustainable fuels (biofuels and e-fuels) will be needed by 2035. Achieving this will require an estimated €100 billion in investment.

The STIP sends a clear signal to investors that Europe's targets remain in place and that the Commission will support the transition to a climate neutral economy. By accelerating domestic production of biological and non-biological fuels, Europe can reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhance the competitiveness of its industries and lead the clean-energy transition globally.

Key investment measures aiming to mobilise at least €2.9 billion through EU instruments by 2027 include:

  • At least €2 billion for sustainable alternative fuels under InvestEU.
  • €300 million through the European Hydrogen Bank to support hydrogen-based fuels for aviation and shipping.
  • €446 million for synthetic aviation fuel and maritime fuel projects under the Innovation Fund.
  • €133,5 million in fuels-related research and innovation under Horizon Europe.

On the top of these measures, the Commission with the Member States is preparing to launch an eSAF Early Movers Coalition pilot project by the end of 2025, aiming to mobilise at least €500 million for synthetic aviation fuel projects. The Commission will also work to strengthen the enabling conditions for market investments to bridge the investment gap.

In the medium term, the Commission will work towards establishing a mechanism to connect fuel producers and buyers, providing revenue certainty and reducing investment risk. The Plan will also strengthen international partnerships to expand global fuel production and attract imports which meet the EU sustainability criteria while ensuring fair competition for EU producers and users.

For more information 

Communication from the Commission: Connecting Europe through High-Speed Rail

Communication from the Commission: Sustainable Transport Investment Plan

Questions and answers – European high-speed rail network Plan

Questions and answers – Sustainable Transport Investment Plan

Factsheet – European high-speed rail network Plan

Factsheet - Sustainable Transport Investment Plan

RLCF Alliance webpage

ReFuelEU Aviation webpage

FuelEU Maritime

News item - Commission launches plan to accelerate high-speed rail across Europe

News item - Commission unveils the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan: a strategic approach to boost renewable and low-carbon fuels for aviation and waterborne transport

Webpage - High-speed rail plan - Mobility and Transport - European Commission

Webpage -  Sustainable transport investment plan - Mobility and Transport

READ MORE

 

Excerpt from International Air Transport Association (IATA):  The International Air Transport Association (IATA) noted the European Commission’s release of the Sustainable Transport Investment Plan (STIP) as a significant step in recognizing the urgent need to accelerate air transport’s decarbonization. The plan addresses several long-standing weaknesses in the EU’s aviation decarbonization strategy, but more action is still needed.

“We welcome the Commission’s recognition of market challenges that derive from SAF mandates that were flawed from the outset, particularly the price gap between sustainable and conventional fuels, and the need for robust investment support. Extending SAF support under the EU ETS, exploring tradable SAF and book-and-claim mechanisms, simplifying operator reporting, improving access to sustainability certificates via the Union Database (UDB), and advancing dual conformance of SAF under EU RED and CORSIA to promote global harmonization are positive steps but we need to see how words turn into reality. Particularly, we are concerned that the STIP falls short of critical industry expectations. We hope this is just the start of a continued review of EU aviation sustainability initiatives which will ultimately lead to a more efficient and successful program of decarbonization for aviation,” said Willie Walsh, IATA’s Director General.

The areas of the STIP which remain areas of concern include:

Enabling SAF Book-and-Claim in Europe

IATA notes the Commission’s recognition of the potential of mechanisms that enable tradable SAF certification, including book-and-claim options, to address the SAF supply barrier across European airports. It is also worth noting that such a system will serve as a key enabler for investments in SAF production facilities, in addition to promoting regional cohesion and connectivity by ensuring a level playing field for aircraft operators from different geographical regions in Europe.

This system is urgently required in Europe, and due to the misalignment between the flexibility mechanism under ReFuelEU Aviation, and the rules to claim SAF under EU ETS, necessary amendments to the EU ETS Directive should be implemented during its upcoming review to allow for EU-wide purchase-based claiming of SAF. It also must be noted that book-and-claim is paramount to the success of the proposed “intermediary mechanism”. Enhancement of the UDB is also critical and should be expedited to enable this.

Prioritizing demand-side considerations is crucial

Acknowledging the role of aircraft operators as end-users and giving their issues due consideration should be a priority in STIP’s materialization. Aircraft operators require a predictable SAF market with clear price transparency to plan the integration of SAF into their daily operations effectively.

Under the current regulatory framework, aircraft operators are exposed to unjustifiably higher prices for jet fuel and SAF. While it is necessary to focus on ways to increase investment in SAF production facilities, STIP should prioritize equally the creation of a transparent and open SAF market that encourages both more supply and demand. A robust UDB is also critical to this effort, and hence, IATA urges the Commission to expedite its enhancement work. IATA and its members stand ready to contribute any necessary input to this work, to ensure the best outcome for all parties involved.

Technology-neutral SAF support is key to ensuring diversified SAF production in Europe

While the STIP acknowledges the role of biofuels, it continues to prioritize e-SAF, citing feedstock constraints. IATA’s recent report on feedstock availability demonstrates that Europe possesses significant untapped potential for sustainable feedstocks, including advanced residues and waste streams. A technology-neutral approach—supporting both biofuels and e-SAF—is essential to maximize the potential of all SAFs, all of which will be necessary to reach the targeted 500 Mt in 2050. Limiting support to e-SAF alone risks undermining the scalability and cost-effectiveness of SAF deployment across the continent, with commensurate delays in achieving reductions in CO2 emissions.

“IATA stands ready to work constructively with the Commission to address these gaps and ensure that the STIP delivers a coherent, investment-ready framework. IATA asks for the EU Commission to clarify the timelines for materializing key flagship actions, in consideration of the reviews of the EU ETS and Refuel, to allow for timely and appropriate market actions and other interventions. The airline industry is committed to net zero carbon emissions by 2050, but this ambition can only be realized if policy frameworks are fully aligned with industry needs and the true scale of the challenge,” said Willie Walsh.

IATA (International Air Transport Association) represents some 350 airlines comprising over 80% of global air traffic.  READ MORE

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Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 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(LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal 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nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste 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development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil Shea sheep shellfish shipping 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