If you find this site useful, please

en English
af Afrikaanssq Albanianam Amharicar Arabichy Armenianaz Azerbaijanieu Basquebe Belarusianbn Bengalibs Bosnianbg Bulgarianca Catalanceb Cebuanony Chichewazh-CN Chinese (Simplified)zh-TW Chinese (Traditional)co Corsicanhr Croatiancs Czechda Danishnl Dutchen Englisheo Esperantoet Estoniantl Filipinofi Finnishfr Frenchfy Frisiangl Galicianka Georgiande Germanel Greekgu Gujaratiht Haitian Creoleha Hausahaw Hawaiianiw Hebrewhi Hindihmn Hmonghu Hungarianis Icelandicig Igboid Indonesianga Irishit Italianja Japanesejw Javanesekn Kannadakk Kazakhkm Khmerko Koreanku Kurdish (Kurmanji)ky Kyrgyzlo Laola Latinlv Latvianlt Lithuanianlb Luxembourgishmk Macedonianmg Malagasyms Malayml Malayalammt Maltesemi Maorimr Marathimn Mongolianmy Myanmar (Burmese)ne Nepalino Norwegianps Pashtofa Persianpl Polishpt Portuguesepa Punjabiro Romanianru Russiansm Samoangd Scottish Gaelicsr Serbianst Sesothosn Shonasd Sindhisi Sinhalask Slovaksl Slovenianso Somalies Spanishsu Sudanesesw Swahilisv Swedishtg Tajikta Tamilte Teluguth Thaitr Turkishuk Ukrainianur Urduuz Uzbekvi Vietnamesecy Welshxh Xhosayi Yiddishyo Yorubazu Zulu

Advanced Biofuels USA: promoting the understanding, development and use of advanced biofuels around the world.

Advanced BioFuels USA

Tag "government subsidies"

Back To Homepage

United States Spend Ten Times More on Fossil Fuel Subsidies than Education

by James Ellsmoor (Forbes)  The fossil fuel lobby has actively worked in many countries to protect their subsidies and avoid the imposition of carbon taxes. Doing so protects their profits. US spent

June 20, 2019 Read Full Article

1 Big Thing: The Persistence of Fossil Fuel Subsidies

(Axios)  … International Energy Agency data shows that worldwide subsidies that lower consumer costs for fossil fuels grew to over $400 billion last year, their highest levels since 2014. Why it matters: The

June 18, 2019 Read Full Article

The Energy 202: Why Some Climate Activists Are Cooling on a Carbon Tax

by Dino Grandoni (Washington Post)  It is one of most popular plans among economists for addressing climate change. Many Democrats have embraced it. Even some Republicans have come around to the idea.

May 1, 2019 Read Full Article

Biodiesel Bonanza: How Federal Subsidies Prop Up the Industry and Cost Taxpayers Billions

(Taxpayers for Common Sense)  The federal government has subsidized the mature U.S. biodiesel industry for more than a decade. In years when subsidies are larger and more predictable, the industry responds

April 24, 2019 Read Full Article

As German Imports Spike, UFOP Fears Add’l Pressure from Indonesia

(Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen (UFOP)/Biodiesel Magazine)  Imports of biodiesel to Germany increased sharply in 2018. The rise was triggered by overabundant supply of state-subsidized and consequently low-priced biodiesel

March 20, 2019 Read Full Article

Call for EU to Stop Subsidies for Fossil Fuels to Help Bio-Based Materials Sector and the Circular Economy

by Liz Gyekye (BioMarket Insight)  “Please stop all subsidies to fossil fuels. In 2016, €56 billion went from EU member states to fossil fuels.” EU member states need to stop subsidising

March 15, 2019 Read Full Article

We Can’t Tackle Fossil Fuels without Addressing Freight, Flying, Plastics and Chemicals

by Mike Carr (The Hill/New Energy America)  … In fact, he (oil tycoon Harold Hamm) significantly undercounted the depth of the U.S. Government support for the breakthrough technologies of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing.

March 14, 2019 Read Full Article

Biofuels Are Key to Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions

by Arlin E. Gyberg (StarTribune)  The biofuels industry over the last 30 years has produced more product using less energy and water and contributes far less carbon-dioxide emissions than petroleum fuels. 

February 19, 2019 Read Full Article

Your Views: Q&A on E15 Fuel Had Misinformation

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/The Gazette)  Rather than providing factual answers to common questions about Unleaded88 gasoline containing 15 percent ethanol (E15), The Gazette’s recent Q&A on the fuel (Page

January 3, 2019 Read Full Article

What’s the Buzz? Heard on the Floor at the COP24, on Renewable Fuels and More (Biofuture Platform)

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … “Pretty intense I’d say. Good.” notes Climate Ethanol Alliances’s James Cogan. “We’ve been in a dozen transport energy events so far.” The Message Most discussions

December 11, 2018 Read Full Article

Penny for Your Corn? Stingy Trade-War Aid Irks U.S. Farmers

by P.J. Huffstutter and Mark Weinraub (Reuters)  … Federal economists have calculated that the nation’s losses in corn – its largest crop by harvest and export volume – amount to just

December 7, 2018 Read Full Article

Argentina Takes Peru to WTO in Biodiesel Row

by Tom Miles (Reuters)  Argentina has launched a dispute at the World Trade Organization to contest Peru’s anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties on Argentina’s exports of biodiesel, a WTO filing published on

December 6, 2018 Read Full Article

Kudlow Calls for End to Subsidies for Electric Cars, Renewables

by Megan Keller and Timothy Cama (The Hill)  White House chief economic adviser Larry Kudlow said on Monday the Trump administration will seek to end subsidies for electric cars and renewable

December 4, 2018 Read Full Article

Edwardsville Lab Continues to Impact Ethanol Sector

by DeLoss Jahnke (Farm Week Now)  NCERC has contributed dozens of technologies being used by manufacturers across the country, and interest in continued collaboration keeps growing.  In just 15 years, the National Corn-to-Ethanol

October 20, 2018 Read Full Article

No Anti-Dumping Measure against Argentine Biodiesel – EU Commission Abandons EU Agriculture

(UFOP (Google translation))   Deeply disappointed and deceived, the European Oilseed Alliance (EOA) sees itself confronted with the completely surprising decision by the European Commission not to introduce retroactive punitive tariffs against

October 5, 2018 Read Full Article

Contrary to Columnist’s Claims, the RFS Works

by Cassidy Walter (The Gazette/Iowa Renewable Fuels Association)  As an outspoken libertarian in favor of open markets, it is unfortunate that in a recent column, Adam Sullivan did not look closer at the

October 1, 2018 Read Full Article

Using PNG, Biofuel for Cooking May Soon Get Cheaper, Subsidy Proposed

(Business Standard)  At present, the government extends a subsidy to users of LPG but PNG and biofuel users do not receive such benefits — The government is considering a subsidy for all

July 16, 2018 Read Full Article

Chart of the Week (23) — Argentina Accounts for Almost Two Thirds of EU Biodiesel Imports − Indonesia Is the Largest Palm Oil Exporter to the EU

(Union zur Förderung von Oel- und Proteinpflanzen (UFOP))  Biodiesel imports from Argentina have increased considerably over the past several months. In contrast, imports of soybean oil as feedstock from Argentina have

June 12, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

US Still Subsidizing Fossil Fuels To Tune Of $27 Billion

by Joshua S Hill (Clean Technica)  New research has shown that the United States continues to subsidize the production and consumption of fossil fuels to the tune of $27 billion, despite

June 7, 2018 Read Full Article

Researchers Outline Plan for Subsidy-Free Biogas

(Bioenergy Insight)  Scientists from Ghent University in Belgium have found that burning biogas is the least cost-effective way to use the product. Instead, they propose using biogas as the raw material

June 5, 2018 Read Full Article

Biofuel Policy Adds to Agricultural Market Uncertainty

by Pat Westhoff (Columbia Tribune)  … Biofuel policy decisions also have the potential to have large impacts on commodity markets and farm income. Most cars in this country run on a blend

May 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Missouri Governor Releases Final Biodiesel Subsidies

(Associated Press/The Herald)  Missouri Gov. Eric Greitens is releasing funding for biodiesel facilities that he had withheld because of concerns that state revenues could fall short of what’s needed to balance

May 18, 2018 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK — Manhattan Institute

The Manhattan Institute looked at “zero emission vehicles” and found: Broad-based adoption of ZEVs will increase overall emissions of sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and particulates, compared with the same

May 15, 2018 0 comment Read Full Article

Short Circuit: The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Subsidies

(Manhattan Institute)  Many claim that “zero-emissions vehicles” (ZEVs), especially battery-powered electric vehicles, should replace most, if not all, cars and trucks powered by gasoline-burning internal combustion engines. The primary rationale is

May 15, 2018 Read Full Article

Utilities, Oil Interests Clash over EV Policy at Conservative Policy Summit

by Gavin Bade (Utility Dive)  Utility companies clashed with oil industry interests over electric vehicle and fuel subsidies at a meeting of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a conservative political

May 1, 2018 Read Full Article

EIA: Subsidies for Renewables Down as Tax Credits Diminish

(U.S. Energy Information Administration/Ethanol Producer Magazine)   Federal subsidies for renewable energy—including biofuels for transportation use and renewable generation of electricity—dropped to $6.7 billion in fiscal year (FY) 2016, a 56

May 1, 2018 Read Full Article

Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholders Sue State over Subsidy to Biofuel Producers

(South Africa Today/Mongabay)  -A union of palm oil smallholders is challenging the allocation of a billion-dollar fund that they say fails to help them rejuvenate their low-yielding oil palms and

April 27, 2018 Read Full Article

The U.S. Is about to Be the World’s Top Crude Oil Producer. Guess Who Didn’t See It Coming.

by Charles Lane (Washington Post)  …  Domestic crude production was not inherently “limited,” as O’Connell told Congress in 2011, it just needed a better mouse trap. Fracking was it. Entrepreneurs broke the

March 18, 2018 Read Full Article

Can Updated Tax Credits Bring Carbon Capture Into the Mainstream?

by Emma Foehringer Merchant  (GreenTechMedia)  Expanded credits in the budget bill could “absolutely make the difference” for the economic viability of carbon capture and sequestration.  —  Among the energy credits tucked inside the budget deal eked out

February 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Big Oil, Biodiesel Join Forces to Combat Electrification

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  Even though the petroleum and biodiesel industries rarely see eye to eye on U.S. energy policy, the two factions find common ground in a new threat

January 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Snowmobilers Say Ethanol Gasoline Hurts Their Engines

(WCAX) The cold and snowy weather has the state’s network of snowmobile trails is buzzing, but riders say ethanol continues to damage their engines. … (Congressman Peter) Welch (D-VT) is promising

January 12, 2018 Read Full Article

More Companies to Enjoy Biodiesel Subsidy

by Viriya P. Singgih (The Jakarta Post)  The government plans to expand the scope of its biodiesel subsidy to businesses operating outside the public service obligation (PSO) program starting in May

January 3, 2018 Read Full Article

The 12: The Advanced Bioeconomy’s 12 Biggest Talking, Fretting, Praying and Action Points Right Now

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … What are the top trends? Here are the 11 we see dominating the debate on the stage and on the floor. Jet fuel deployment –

December 13, 2017 Read Full Article

ADBA Chief Executive Talks Pushing Number 10 and Anaerobic Digestion Future

by Luke Acton (Bioenergy Insight)  With the dearth of subsidies and volatile political environment, Charlotte Morton shared her views on what lay ahead for the UK’s anaerobic digestion (AD) industry. Of

December 12, 2017 Read Full Article

Brazil to Launch Ambitious Biofuels Program

by Leticia Phillips (UNICA/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  RenovaBio will help Brazil meet its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43 percent of 2005 levels by 2030.  —  Building, in part, on the successes

November 27, 2017 Read Full Article

In Final Decision, Commerce Department Confirms Unfair Subsidies by Argentina, Indonesia of Biodiesel Imports

(National Biodiesel Board)  Next Steps Include Today’s Hearing in the ITC, ITC Vote on Subsidies December 5 — Today the Commerce Department issued a final determination in a case brought by the

November 9, 2017 Read Full Article

Heard on the Floor at ABLC Next 2017: Fulcrum Prices Bonds, GOP Governors’ Pro-Biofuels March on DC

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … In the biggest news sweeping the floor at ABLC Next 2017 and perhaps the biggest industrial biotechnology update of 2017, the long-awaited financing is approaching

October 19, 2017 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

In a recent Washington Post column, George Will bemoaned governments’ announcements to “ban, at an undetermined date, sales of vehicles powered by fossil fuels in their tanks. (Electric vehicles will

October 13, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Randy Krehbiel: Did Scott Pruitt Just Declare War on Renewables?

by Randy Krehbiel (Tulsa World)  Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt may have declared an end to the “war on coal” earlier this week, but what some consider Pruitt’s own war

October 12, 2017 Read Full Article

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

Peter Erickson, Adrian Down, Michael Lazarus & Doug Koplow, in a Nature Energy article, find that at recent oil prices of US$50 per barrel, tax preferences and other subsidies push

October 12, 2017 Read Full Article

Effect of Subsidies to Fossil Fuel Companies on United States Crude Oil Production

by Peter Erickson, Adrian Down, Michael Lazarus & Doug Koplow (Nature Energy)  Countries in the G20 have committed to phase out ‘inefficient’ fossil fuel subsidies. However, there remains a limited understanding of how

October 12, 2017 Read Full Article

Dirty Energy Dominance: Dependent on Denial – How the U.S. Fossil Fuel Industry Depends on Subsidies and Climate Denial

(Oil Change International)  A new report by Oil Change International reveals that U.S. taxpayers continue to foot the bill for more than $20 billion in fossil fuel subsidies each year. The

October 3, 2017 Read Full Article

‘No Rationale for Further Reducing’ 2018 RFS RVO, RFA Says in Response to EPA Notice

(Renewable Fuels Association)   Today, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a Notice of Data Availability (NODA), seeking comment on potential options for reductions in the biomass-based diesel, advanced biofuel and total

September 26, 2017 Read Full Article

Biofuels Have Central Role in Low-Carbon Economy

by Bliss Baker (Global Renewable Fuels Alliance /Ethanol Producer Magazine) … For years, the private sector and experts from nongovernmental organizations had been signaling the shift in the global economy away

September 20, 2017 Read Full Article

NBB Fair Trade Coalition Succeeds in Latest Stage of Biodiesel Import Cases

(National Biodiesel Board)  Department Finds That Argentina and Indonesia Unfairly Subsidize Biodiesel They Export to US   —  The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) Fair Trade Coalition won a preliminary countervailing duty

August 22, 2017 Read Full Article

Mexico Looks to Curb Carbon with a New Cap-and-Trade System

by Lucas Laursen (Scientific American) … Mexico kicked off 2017 with a 20 percent spike in gasoline prices, driven in part by the phasing out of subsidies. Some consumers set fires

August 17, 2017 Read Full Article

Fossil Fuel Subsidies Are a Staggering $5 Tn per Year

by John Abraham (The Guardian)  A new study finds 6.5% of global GDP goes to subsidizing dirty fossil fuels  —  … Second, fossil fuels are expensive. Much of their costs are hidden,

August 9, 2017 Read Full Article

UNICA Slams EU Industry for False Subsidy Claims

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, UNICA is hitting back at ePure and the European sugar industry for wild, invalidated claims of $1.8 billion in subsidies to its sugarcane sector

July 7, 2017 Read Full Article

RELEASE: G20 Nations Sending Billions in Finance to Fossil Fuels

(Oil Change International/PriceOfOil.com)  New report provides first-ever analysis of public financing for energy projects  —  Each year, G20 countries provide nearly four times more public finance to fossil fuels than

July 7, 2017 Read Full Article

NBB Considers Legal Options Regarding Surging Argentinian Biodiesel Imports Since Filing of Trade Petition

(National Biodiesel Board)  New data show that dumped and subsidized biodiesel imports from Argentina continue unabated and, in fact, have further surged into the United States. In March of 2017,

June 29, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

ALTERNATE ENERGY: Ethanol: It’s Just Plain Corny

by James Bobreski (Finger Lakes Times)  … Ethanol is the alcohol in our beer that we enjoy at a ball game, a party or after a long day at work. In this

June 26, 2017 Read Full Article

RELEASE: Taxpayers on the Hook for Billions in Subsidies for Fossil Fuels on Public Lands

(Oil Change International)  Study finds $7 billion per year in direct subsidies and tens of billions in liabilities  —  The U.S. government is providing extensive support for fossil fuel production

May 24, 2017 Read Full Article

Ethanol and the Renewable Fuel Standard Has Been a Success: Letter to the Editor

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association/Cleveland.com)  Robert Chase may be a well-qualified petroleum engineer (“Remove the ethanol albatross from around the necks of U.S. consumers,” April 30), but his knowledge

May 8, 2017 Read Full Article

Drain the Swamp, Clear Cut Mountains

by Trent Loos (High Plains/Midwest Ag Journal)  …  While there is a lot to be discussed, today it is the subsidies ethanol production gets that we should focus on. Oh

April 4, 2017 Read Full Article

CPAC Panel: Ethanol Regs Aren’t Helping Corn Belt Economies

by Andrew Follett (The Daily Caller News Foundation)  Members of the Conservative Political Action Conference panel “Energy Rationing: The Tragic, Unintended Consequences,” argued the federal ethanol mandate isn’t benefiting the

February 27, 2017 Read Full Article

G20 Urged to Ditch Fossil Fuel Subsidies by 2020, Go Green

by Alister Doyle (Reuters)   Investors and insurers with more than $2.8 trillion in assets under management on Wednesday called on the Group of 20 economies to phase out fossil fuel

February 15, 2017 Read Full Article

Ethanol and Biofuel Policies

by Nicolas Loris (DownsizingGovernment.org/The Heritage Foundation)  … The problem is not with the voluntary use of biofuels in the marketplace, but rather policies that mandate and subsidize biofuels. … Congress should

February 14, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

Ending Fossil Fuel Production Subsidies Cuts Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 37 Gt over 2017-2050; Study

(International Institute for Sustainable Development/PressReleasePoint)  A complete removal of subsidies for the production of fossil fuels today would result in a steady decline in greenhouse gas emissions between now and

February 13, 2017 Read Full Article

Birdlife and T&E to Release Anti-Biofuel Documentary in January

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In Belgium, following on from the November release of their joint publication “The Black Book of Bioenergy”, Birdlife Europe and Central Asia has again teamed

December 28, 2016 Read Full Article

Can Ethanol Cure China’s Corn Indigestion?

by Julien Hall, Samar Niazi, and Gao Xiaojuan (Platts Commodity Pulse VIDEO)  China’s corn stockpiles, built up over the past couple of years, have reached problematic levels. In this video, S&P

December 23, 2016 Read Full Article

Ethanol an Efficient Fuel for the Nation

by Bob Dinneen (Renewable Fuels Association/The Intelligencer  Wheeling News-Register)  … Food price inflation has averaged just 2.6 percent annually since

December 19, 2016 Read Full Article

Ethanol Industry No Longer Gets Federal Incentives

by Geoff Cooper (Renewable Fuels Association/News-Leader)  The production of ethanol does not use food-based feedstocks, and the U.S. ethanol industry has

December 5, 2016 Read Full Article

What Does it Take? The Experts Report from Ottawa on Scaling up the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  This past week, a remarkable group of people gathered in Ottawa, perhaps described best as

November 21, 2016 Read Full Article

Canadian Producers Poised for Carbon Reduction Era

by Susanne Retka Schill (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  The state of the Canadian ethanol industry at year end.  —  Optimism is

November 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Can Biofuels Take Flight? Alternative Fuels for Jetliners Face Political and Economic Headwinds

by John Stang (Geek Wire)  Two major steps in Washington’s infant jet biofuel industry are expected to take place in

November 7, 2016 Read Full Article

Con: Wind an Even Bigger Boondoggle than Ethanol

by Mark J. Perry  (South Coast Today/American Enterprise Institute)  … No question, there is a lot of hype about wind power being

October 24, 2016 Read Full Article

Sponsler: There’s More to the Story When It Comes to the Renewable Fuel Standard

by Mark Sponsler (Colorado Corn/Greeley Tribune)  … In spite of its supporters being hugely outspent, the RFS passed based on the common-sense

October 24, 2016 Read Full Article

Biofuels Are a Climate Mistake

(Science 2.0)  Ever since the 1973 oil embargo, U.S. energy policy has sought to replace petroleum-based transportation fuels with alternatives.

October 24, 2016 Read Full Article

The New World Has Arrived: 16th International Conference Datagro Sugar and Ethanol Promotes the Innovations of the Sector

by Laís Forti Thomaz* (Advanced Biofuels USA) On October 17-18, 2016, Datagro held its 16th International Conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

October 24, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Climate’s Growing Role in Presidential Race

by Anthony Adragna (Politico’s Morning Energy)  …   YOU BUILD ME UP: The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate released

October 6, 2016 Read Full Article

USDA to Pay Farmers More than $7 Billion Due to Low Crop Prices

by Tom Polansek (Reuters)  The U.S. Department of Agriculture will pay more than $7 billion of taxpayers’ money to farmers this

October 5, 2016 Read Full Article

Ecofiscal Commission’s Biofuel Report Is Deeply Flawed, a Step Backward for Climate Action

(Advanced Biofuels Canada/Newswire)  A controversial report was released today (October 4, 2016) by Canada’s Ecofiscal commission that misses the mark

October 5, 2016 Read Full Article

Christopher Ragan: Stop Subsidizing Biofuels

by Christoper Ragan (National Post)  Carbon pricing is becoming a mainstream part of Canadian policy. Four provinces have or will

October 4, 2016 Read Full Article

Expected Record Harvest Won’t Profit Farmers Facing Their Third Year of Falling Income

By Barbara Soderlin and Russell Hubbard (Omaha World-Herald)  Fields across the Midlands are packed with copper-colored cornstalks, an expected record-size

October 3, 2016 Read Full Article

Investors Urge G20 Nations to Ratify Paris Climate Deal This Year

by Alister Doyle (Reuters)  Investors managing more than $13 trillion of assets urged leaders of the Group of 20 on

August 30, 2016 Read Full Article

Letter to Editor: Good Policy

by Mike Chisam (The Hays Daily News)  A recent article in the Hays Daily News, titled “Subsidized madness,” makes erroneous claims

August 15, 2016 Read Full Article

Europe’s Broken Biofuels Policy

by Dick Roche (EurActiv)  Public policy should be built on firm foundations. Objective analysis, verifiable facts and solid science are

August 15, 2016 Read Full Article

To Lead Abroad on Climate, Repeal Oil and Gas Tax Breaks at Home

by Gilbert E. Metcalf (The Hill/Tufts University)  … Proponents of reform argue that eliminating tax preferences for producers of oil and gas

August 11, 2016 Read Full Article

CEI Releases Another Anti-#RFS Report

by Joanna Schroeder (Energy.AgWired.com)  A new report released this week by the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is arguing that the

August 3, 2016 Read Full Article

Our View: Ethanol: Politics May Change, but Realities Don’t

(Mankato Free Press)  Why It Matters: Ethanol as a clean energy has come under criticism but the pollution caused by

August 3, 2016 Read Full Article

40-Plus Groups Call on Congress to End Tax Breaks for Big Oil

by Ron Kotrba (Biomass Magazine)  More than 40 national organizations have called on Congress to end more than a century

July 17, 2016 Read Full Article

Renewable Biofuels Are Vital to an All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy

by William Feehery (The Hill/DuPont Industrial Biosciences)   … One of the most vital and immediate tools at our disposal in

July 1, 2016 Read Full Article

Letters to Editor: Clearing the Air on Ethanol

by Bob Dinneen (Richmond Times-Dispatch)  … Joe Geiger’s recent Business Principles 101 column on business fads contained a number of

June 22, 2016 Read Full Article

It Depends: Heard on the Floor at ABLC Feedstocks

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  …  The headline from the event is that projects and feedstock providers are more engaged

June 8, 2016 Read Full Article

G7 Nations Pledge to End Fossil Fuel Subsidies by 2025

by Karl Mathiesen (The Guardian)  Leaders of the UK, US, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the EU urge all

June 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Guest Opinion: Misinformation Hurts Ethanol’s Place at Pump

by Mike Lefever (Post Independent/Citizen Telegram)  … In the end, though, I hope your take away is the same as mine; there’s

June 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Republicans Need to Embrace Renewables — on Their Terms

by Mark R. Maddox (American Action Forum/Livingston Group/The Hill)  … There is heartburn over subsidies, including concerns about federal dollars being used

May 13, 2016 Read Full Article

Oil Market Manipulation Is Alive and Well

by Jim Talent (Americans for Energy Security and Innovation/The Hill)  Opponents of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) claim that the

May 13, 2016 Read Full Article

RFA Questions Fairness of Big Oil Tax Subsidies

(Renewable Fuels Association/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  … While hardworking Americans will receive an average of more than $2,800 in refunds, did you

May 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Should Taxpayers Keep Subsidizing the Ethanol Industry?

by Mike Crawley (CBC News) Ontario’s $520 million fund for ethanol producers expires next year  —  Ontario taxpayers are handing tens

May 6, 2016 Read Full Article

More Misinformation from Fossil Fuel-Backed Special Interests about Renewable Energy

by Gabe Elsner (The Hill)  … American tax payers have paid conventional fuels more than $500 billion and counting over the

April 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Big Oil Wins Big on Taxes

by Joanna Schroeder (DomesticFuel.com)  Today is Tax Day. While many Americans will receive a modest refund, oil producers are raking

April 18, 2016 Read Full Article

Cooper: Don’t Reverse Course on Ethanol

by Tom Thoma (Globe Gazette)  Alan Guebert’s recent column (“The ethanol trap”) asks, “Where would the nation, its farmers, livestock

April 14, 2016 Read Full Article

ECO:nomics: Koch Industries’ Ethanol Business

(Wall Street Journal)  Koch Industries’ Director of Environmental, Health and Safety Sheryl Corrigan talks about Koch’s involvement in the ethanol

April 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Fuel Option that Reduces Emissions Already Exists

by Mark Dorenkamp (Brownfield Ag News)  … A proposal introduced last week by Representative Pat Garofalo would provide rebates of up to

April 5, 2016 Read Full Article

The Myth about Renewable Energy Subsidies

by Giles Parkinson (Clean Technica)  Ever hear the story about why renewable energy can’t compete without a subsidy? You hear

February 26, 2016 Read Full Article

Bailout the US Shale Oil/Gas Industry or Fund Clean Sustainable Renewable Transportation? A New Way of Looking at the Options. Press Release

For Immediate Release February 12, 2016—Frederick, MD Advanced Biofuels USA correspondent Robert E. Kozak analyses the potential for a reinvigorated US shale

February 16, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

After the Fall: Rebuilding US Liquid Fuel Production – Invest in Our Land or the Shale Oil Fields? (Part 2 of 2)

Efforts to promote a sustainable use of natural resources are not a waste of money, but rather an investment capable

February 12, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Ethanol Misinformation Clutters 2016 Campaign Coverage

by Andy Eubank (Hoosier Ag Today)  … But the media play of ethanol has been inaccurate at times, for example when they

January 29, 2016 Read Full Article

RFA Issues One-Pager to Correct Anti-Ethanol Rhetoric on the Presidential Campaign Trail

(Renewable Fuel Association)  In response to the anti-ethanol rhetoric that has been dominating the presidential campaign in the run-up to

January 22, 2016 Read Full Article

Kakira’s Ethanol Plan Takes Shape

by Isaac Khisa (The Independent)  … In the past few years, the firm (Kakira Sugar Ltd, a unit of Madhvani Group)

January 20, 2016 Read Full Article

Oil Rout Threatens to Scupper Demand for Palm Oil in Biofuel

by Anuradha Raghu and Yoga Rusmana  (Bloomberg Business)  Crude oil’s slump has been so severe that it’s now threatening the government-aided

January 19, 2016 Read Full Article

Sampson County OKs Incentives Package for 2 Hog Waste Power Plants

by Michael Futch (Fayetteville Observer)  Michigan-based NOVI Energy is moving forward with plans to build two anaerobic digester power plants

January 17, 2016 Read Full Article

Anti-Cruz Campaign Could Backfire on Ethanol, Backer Says

by Philip Brasher (Agri-Pulse)  The ethanol industry risks losing its long-standing political clout in presidential elections if Texas Sen. Ted

January 14, 2016 Read Full Article

Crude Oil Tumble Hits Southeast Asia’s Biodiesel Ambitions

by Naveen Thukral (Reuters)  The world’s top palm oil producers Indonesia and Malaysia may have to curb plans to channel

January 14, 2016 Read Full Article

The Government Has Spent a Lot on Electric Cars, but Was It Worth It?

by Charles Lane (Washington Post)  In August 2010, I proposed this wager to a fellow journalist: President Obama’s declared goal

January 11, 2016 Read Full Article

Viewpoint: US Biodiesel Imports to Grow in 2016

(Argus)  Imported biodiesel’s share of the US on-road diesel pool is set to double in 2016 as suppliers in Argentina

December 28, 2015 Read Full Article

The 7 Flying Reindeer: Renewable Fuel Myths that Continue to Defy Gravity

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Food vs Fuel, biofuels causing corn planting to skyrocket, low oil prices killing off renewable

December 23, 2015 Read Full Article

Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: From Rhetoric to Reality

by Shelagh Whitley and Laurie van der Burg (New Climate Economy)  The research underpinning this New Climate Economy Working Paper was

December 22, 2015 Read Full Article

Budget Deal Oil-for-Renewables Trade Would Substantially Reduce Carbon Emissions

by Varun Sivaram and Michael Levi (Council on Foreign Relations)  …  In this post we’re going to estimate the climate

December 21, 2015 Read Full Article

Carson Decries Ethanol Subsidies, Rubio Focuses on Manufacturing

(RadioIowa)  Republican candidate Ben Carson says he’d like to see all subsidies for the biofuels industry done away with if

December 18, 2015 Read Full Article

How Renewable Ethanol Can Be Produced Sustainably

(ePURE) … At ePURE, the association representing European ethanol producers, we believe that renewable ethanol can play an important role in

December 17, 2015 Read Full Article

Presidential Hopeful Would Eliminate Ethanol Subsidies

by James Q. Lynch (The Gazette/AgriView)  Texas Sen. Ted Cruz is defending his energy plan that would terminate federal support

December 15, 2015 Read Full Article

Eric Branstad: Cruz Oil Stains

by Douglas Burns (Des Moines CityView)  Governor’s son rips leading GOP presidential candidate over renewable energy  —  Eric Branstad, leader

December 9, 2015 Read Full Article

Brazil Pins Renewable Energy Hopes on 2nd Generation Ethanol

by Natalia Ramos (Yahoo! Finance/Agence France Press)  Brazil thinks it has the sweet solution to ridding the world of reliance

December 4, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Rich Nations’ Fossil Fuel Subsidies Exceed Climate Aid 40 to 1: Researchers

by Chris Arsenault (PlanetArk.org/Reuters)  Wealthy nations spend 40 times as much money subsidizing fossil fuel production as they contribute to the

December 4, 2015 Read Full Article

To Paris with Love: Stop Fossil Fuel Subsidies

by  Carol Werner (The Hill/Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  Sometimes, a solution is so blindingly obvious it is hard to

December 1, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Will Congressional Opposition to RFS Rule Lead to Reform?

by Tiffany Stecker (E&E/Governors’ Biofuels Coalition)  The ink on U.S. EPA’s final rule for the renewable fuel standard is barely

December 1, 2015 Read Full Article

Obama Dials Back Ethanol Fuel Standard

by Tim Devaney (The Hill)  The Obama administration set new standards Monday for ethanol levels in fuel, enraging competing industries that

December 1, 2015 Read Full Article

EPA Bumps up US Renewable Fuel Standard Volumes for 2015-2016, in Final Ruling

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced final volume requirements under the Renewable Fuel

December 1, 2015 Read Full Article

RFA: EPA’s Final RFS Rule Puts Future of Biofuels & Climate Policy in Hands of Oil Industry

(Renewable Fuels Association)  Today, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its final Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) renewable volume obligations (RVOs)

November 30, 2015 Read Full Article

Rubio’s Sugar Support Draws Corn, Soybean Questions

by Mackenzie Ryan (Des Moines Register)  …  After Republican rival Ted Cruz took aim at sugar subsidies during last week’s GOP debate, Iowa

November 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Research and Markets: Analysing the Biofuel Industry in the United States 2015

(Research and Markets/BusinessWire)  Research and Markets has announced the addition of the “Biofuel Industry in the United States – 2015” report

November 18, 2015 Read Full Article

The Assault on Federally Supported Science

by  Robert D. Atkinson (Information Technology & Innovation Foundation/Christian Science Monitor)  Many of the recent attacks on government-backed research conveniently

November 16, 2015 Read Full Article

Anti-Ethanol Ad Sparks Outrage Among Ohio’s Corn, Ethanol Producers

by Karen Kasler (Ohio Public Radio)  Ohio’s corn and ethanol industry is fighting back at ads it says are misleading

November 13, 2015 Read Full Article

Empty Promises: G20 Subsidies to Oil, Gas and Coal Production

by Elizabeth Bast (PriceOfOil.org)  G20 country governments are providing $452 billion a year in subsidies for the production of fossil fuels.

November 12, 2015 Read Full Article

Renewable Energy and the Politics of Subsidies: Letters

(The Guardian)  It’s becoming tiresome hearing government ministers justify their cuts to renewable energy subsidies on the basis that industries

November 9, 2015 Read Full Article

B20 Diesel Ready to Enter Market Next Year

by Apriadi Gunawan (The Jakarta Post)  The government is optimistic that B20 biodiesel fuel will be ready to enter the market

November 6, 2015 Read Full Article

Carson Shifts Course on Ethanol Policy

by Brianne Pfannenstiel (Des Moines Register)  Former neurosurgeon Ben Carson appeared to reverse course on ethanol policy Wednesday, backtracking from his earlier idea

October 29, 2015 Read Full Article

Culling Fossil Fuel Subsidies Would Reduce Emissions By 11%

by Joshua S Hill (Clean Technica)  A new report modelling the removal of fossil fuel subsidies in 20 countries showed

October 28, 2015 0 comment Read Full Article

Got Corn? Ethanol Is No Longer King In Iowa Among Candidates

by Clay Masters (National Public Radio)  … But this election cycle, ethanol is not the campaign force it once was. …

October 27, 2015 Read Full Article

No Rich White Guy Left Behind: The Selling of Electric Cars as Zero Emission Vehicles

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Electric cars and their $1600 cost per ton for CO2 reduction. And, yep, you’re paying for

October 26, 2015 Read Full Article

Gov’t Prepares Subsidy for Biodiesel B20

(Tempo)  Achieving success in the mixing of 15 percent vegetable oil (B15) with solar, the government will increase it to

October 21, 2015 Read Full Article

China to Revive Corn-Based Ethanol Amid Record High Stocks

by Niu Shuping and Chen Aizhu (Reuters)  China, the world’s second-largest corn consumer, is set to resume building new corn-based

October 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Opinion: Our Generation’s Moonshot: A Clean-Energy World by 2050

by Jeffrey D. Sachs (Market Watch)  In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy stirred America and the world with these

October 7, 2015 Read Full Article

Govt Resumes E85 Promotion with Additional Bt2/Litre Subsidy

by Pichaya Changsorn (The Nation)  The government yesterday agreed to resume its promotion of E85 gasohol, via the injection of an

October 5, 2015 Read Full Article

The 800 Ways Taxpayer Money Supports Fossil Fuel Industries

by Reed Landberg (Bloomberg/Renewable Energy World)  If the world seeks to lower carbon emissions, why is support for fossil fuels

September 29, 2015 Read Full Article

Survey: Americans Don’t Want to Pay for Neighbor’s EV

(American Energy Alliance)  Today, the American Energy Alliance released a new survey examining voters’ attitudes toward transportation policy, specifically government

September 15, 2015 Read Full Article

EPA More Enemy than Ally to Ethanol

by Mike Bryan (Ethanol Producer Magazine)  There is a long history of antagonism and sometimes outward hostility by the EPA

August 20, 2015 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuels Association Poll: Over Six in 10 Voters Support the RFS

(Morning Consult)  Morning Consult conducted a national poll on behalf of the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA). The survey of 2,047

April 28, 2015 Read Full Article

American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) Ups Biofuels Presence at Policy Forum

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Over the past year, the American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) increased its work

April 24, 2015 Read Full Article

The Motley Fool Criticizes Ethanol Subsidies That Don’t Exist

by Denise Robbins  (Media Matters)  The multimedia financial services company The Motley Fool criticized ethanol for allegedly relying on government

April 7, 2015 Read Full Article

Fuels America Launches ‘Clean, Secure, American Energy’ Campaign

(Fuels America/Ethanol Producer Magazine)  As America marks the 102nd anniversary of tax breaks for oil companies this week, the Fuels America

March 9, 2015 Read Full Article

Palm Oil Update Indonesia: Subsidies for Biofuel to Lift CPO Prices

(Indonesia-Investments)  Due to the Indonesian government’s plan to increase biofuel subsidies from IDR 1,500 per liter to IDR 4,000 per

February 27, 2015 Read Full Article

Transfer of Subsidy to Biofuel Accelerates Deforestation, Says Walhi

(Jakarta Post)  The Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi) is warning that the government’s policy to shift subsidies from fossil

February 18, 2015 Read Full Article

Fuel Summit Reflects on Lack of RFS, Options for Expansion

by Gene Lucht (Iowa Farmer Today)  Government uncertainty and low oil prices pose the biggest challenges to the ethanol and

February 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Unearthed: A Rallying Cry for a Crop Program that Could Change Everything

by Tamar Haspel (The Washington Post)  …It’s crop-neutral insurance. But, dull as it sounds, it might be the key to getting

February 6, 2015 Read Full Article

George W. Bush’s Favorite Green Car Is Making a Comeback

by Jason Plautz  (National Journal)  Under President George W. Bush, hydrogen-powered cars were the automotive technology of the future, with

February 6, 2015 Read Full Article

Looking Down the Road at Biofuels, Coal, Gas, and Oil

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) “The short-term picture of a well-supplied oil market should not disguise the challenges that lie ahead

February 6, 2015 Read Full Article

The 5 Most Maddening Myths about Corn and Ethanol

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Food vs Fuel, emissions, cost competitiveness, and RINsanity. Some of the most unfair bricks hurled

January 12, 2015 Read Full Article
1 2 3

Nearly 30,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the nearly 30,000 articles indexed on this website.

Advanced Biofuels USA Policy Statements and Handouts

Our Sponsors

FREE Subscription! Advanced Biofuels USA events calendar; policy and actions; education newsletters


Donate



Archives

Categories

Tags

2nd generation biofuels 3-D 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 4H 4th generation biofuels 7% solution 45Q 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 98 octane 100 octane 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election Activities 2022 A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) Abu Dhabi acacia acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerosols afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation agricultura Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Aircraft engine emissions Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy airports air quality Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit aluminum Amazon American Indian Tribes American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) amylose anaerobi anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion Angola anhydrous ethanol animal fat animal feed Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-E Aruba Asia ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D396 ASTM D975 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive Aviation biofuel aviation biofuel price aviation biofuel pumps/delivery Aviation Fuel awards/recognition Azerbaijan. B B0 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B10 B11 B12.5 B15 B20 B25 B30 B33 B35 B40 B50 B75 B80 B99 B100 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors billion ton study bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall Biodiesel co-product biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) Biofuel biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuels Biofuels Directive biofuels education biofuel tax credit Biogas Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons BioIsoprene Bio LPG biomass Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower Biopreferred bioproducts biopropane bioprospecting BioRefineries Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance Biotechnology birch black carbon black grease black liquor black locust blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock Blend wall blockchain/blockcoin blue carbon boat fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brachiaria bracken brackish water Brassica Brazil breweries British Columbia brownfields brown grease Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker oil buo Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses business law business resources butadiene Butane butanediol butanol/biobutanol butanol emissions butyl acetate C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canada canarygrass Canary Islands canary reed grass candle nut cannabis canola/rapeseed canola straw cap cap-and-trade carbohydrates carbon carbon-efficient fuels carbon-neutral carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon f carbon fiber Carbon Intensity (CI) carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon price carbon recycling carbon sequestration carbon sink carbon tax carbon tax-and-dividend carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata/brassica carinata carob cashew cashew apple CASI CAS Registry Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis CH pathway cattle cavitation cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program certification certification fuels cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile China chitin CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Power Plan (CPP) climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location co-operative Co-op Extension co-processing co-products CO2 Sequestration coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) coastal habitat conservation coastal hay Coast Guard cobalt cock's foot cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold-tolerance cold flow college/university Colombia Colorado Columbia combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG / R-CNG) compression-ignition engine compression ratios computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology cooking fuel cook stoves cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 copper coppice cordgrass corn-based products corn/maize corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cottonseed oil cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crimes Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d d-3 D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs dairy waste dandelion DARPA date palm date palm pits Dates DC DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Delaware DeltaWing demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose diatoms diesel diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices diethyl ether digest Digital Biology dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct-to-fuel directed evolution direct injection Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) dispense distillation distilled biodiesel distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver divers diversification divestment DME (dimethyl ether) Dominica Dominican Republic double cropping Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought-resistant drought tolerant dual cropping Dubai duckweed e E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E2 E3 E5 E5 price E6 E7 E8 E10 E10 price E12 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E40 E50 E55 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 E100 E100 conversion kit earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecuador ED95 education educational tour EERE efficiency Egypt Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric grid electricity electricity/power generation electricity price electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants El Salvador embargo emissions emissions standards EN 228 EN 590 EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 end-of-life end user Energy Bill energy cane energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine/Fuel Co-optimization Engine Development engineering engine problems England entrepreneur environment Environmentalists environmental justice environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) enzymatic conversion enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling enzymes Enzyme solicitation EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea EROEI erosion control EROWI esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) ethane ethanol ethanol/bioethano ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol benefits ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol blend wall ethanol emissions ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol tolerance Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) Export externalities extremophiles F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farmers farming farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food food and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal Germany Gerogia Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green chemistry green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing GREET model Grenada gribble ground nut groundnut growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guinea Gulf states Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb HFS-SIP hibiscus High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history ho hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge tree nuts Hong Kong hops horse bedding Horse manure horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 Hybrid aircraft hybrids hydrocarbon fuels hydrofaction hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogen fuel cells hydrogenolysis hydrogen pumps hydropower hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal liquefaction hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois illuppai ILUC (Indirect Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indiana Indian beech tree Indian grass indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial ethanol industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insurance integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map internal combustion engine International international balance of payments International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JA1 JAA jackfruit Jamaica Japan Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa Kuwait Kygryzstan labels Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) lignin Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg Luxemburg lysis M15 M50 M100 macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine maize Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta mamona management changes mandates manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbe microbiology microorganizms microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) muck multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Lab National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NREL NTSB nucle nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obama Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol off-take agreements Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone p Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama panda pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peaches peak oil peanut peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose perennial grains perennial grasses performan Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests petition pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot scale pine pineapple pine beetle pine nut pinion pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poland Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter power-to-gas prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island private educational business process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree PVO pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 rea reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation regenerative braking regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy for America Program Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable hydrogen renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard renewable propane Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) renewable volume renewable volume obligation (RVO) replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail return on investment R Factor RFI RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RSF2 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC SAK sales Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securiti Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale gas shale oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smokestack soap social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar-to-fuels solar biofuels solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solid oxide fuel cell Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve straw students sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugar cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname sustain Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennesee Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains trans transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey Uganda UK (United Kingdom) Ukraine UL ultra low sulfur diesel UN underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations (UN) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 urbanization urban sprawl Uruguay USAC US Agency for International Development (USAID) USAID US Army USD USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used railroad ties US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission Utah utility model Uzbekistan value chain vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils Velocys Venezuela Vermont video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virginia Virgin Islands. virgin oils viruses VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volunteers w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste water water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth watermeal watermelon water pollution water quality water treatment weather well-to-wheel West Africa Western Australia West Java West Virginia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheatgrass wheat prices wheat straw whey whisky white White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellow grease yellowhorn tree Yemen yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites Zimbabwe zinc

Notice

donate nowWe are not accepting donations from people or companies in Florida due to unfair reporting requirements and fees not imposed by any other state.
© 2008-2018 Copyright Advanced BioFuels USA. All Rights reserved.

Loading..

Close Window

Loading, Please Wait!

This may take a second or two.