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USDA Seeks Public Input on Climate-Smart Ag and Forestry Strategy DEADLINE April 30, 2021

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) The USDA on March 15 announced it is opening a 45-day public comment period to gather input on its climate-smart agriculture and forestry strategy, including

March 16, 2021 Read Full Article

Maryland Releases Bold New Plan to Achieve Climate Goals

(Maryland Department of the Environment) State Pursues Ambitious Goal to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 50% by 2030 as Nation Officially Re-enters Paris Climate Accord — The Maryland Department of the

February 23, 2021 Read Full Article

Campaigns Questioning the Use of Woody Biomass for Energy Are Missing Key Facts Says IEA (International Energy Agency) Bioenergy

(International Energy Agency) There are concurrent media campaigns and publications questioning the use of woody biomass for renewable energy production. Several of them misrepresent on-the-ground forestry practise and bioenergy systems, and

February 11, 2021 Read Full Article

FAO and IRENA Join Forces to Boost Renewables in Food and Agriculture

(Food and Agriculture Organization) The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) have today underscored their continued commitment to accelerate the deployment

January 15, 2021 Read Full Article

Circular Bioeconomy Report: The Business Opportunity Contributing to a Sustainable World

(World Business Council for Sustainable Development) The Circular Bioeconomy report calls for a shift towards a sustainable, low-carbon, circular bioeconomy to capture part of the USD $7.7 trillion opportunity identified in

November 27, 2020 Read Full Article

Drax, Earthworm Foundation Develop Tool to Evaluate Forest Health

(Bioenergy Insight) Drax Group has teamed up with non-profit organisation, the Earthworm Foundation, on an evidence-based tool to measure and evaluate the health of a forest. The new tool, known

November 3, 2020 Read Full Article

Plants Rule! Harnessing the Sun for a Negative-Carbon Bio-economy

(Mid-Atlantic Renewable Energy Association) … Among the Carbon-negative (and climate positive) solutions, those based on photosynthesis are by far the cheapest and most scalable options now, and likely for many

October 23, 2020 Read Full Article

Scotland’s Opportunity to Grow a New Clean, Sustainable Economy

by Mark Bustard (Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Centre (IBioIC)/Biofuels Digest) The idea of a net zero carbon emissions and zero waste economy isn’t as far-fetched as some may think. The key promise

September 29, 2020 Read Full Article

The Use of Forest Biomass for Climate Change Mitigation: Dispelling Some Misconceptions

(IEA Bioenergy) Articles and statements in the media have raised concerns over the climate effects of bioenergy from managed forests2. As some of these statements seem to reflect misconceptions about

September 1, 2020 Read Full Article

Don’t Look to Mature Forests to Soak Up Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Results of Australian Study May Have Impact on New York State Carbon Neutrality Goals

(Suny College of Environmental Science and Forestry) Research published today in Nature suggests mature forests are limited in their ability to absorb “extra” carbon as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase. These

April 23, 2020 Read Full Article

Researchers Model Spatial and Temporal Consequences of Increased Woody Biomass Use on the Global Forest Ecosystem

(University of Maine) Incentivizing both sequestration and avoidance of emissions— using a carbon rental or carbon tax and subsidy approach — versus only a carbon tax encourages protection of natural forests

April 17, 2020 Read Full Article

Looking beyond the Headlines during COVID-19 Pandemic

by Gerard J. Ostheimer and Douglas L. Faulkner (below50/Leatherstocking LLC/Biofuels Digest)  … The 1 – 2 punch of the COVID-19 economic hit and the Saudi – Russian fight over oil

March 26, 2020 Read Full Article

Notice of Request for Public Comment on Updates to Technical Guidelines for Quantifying Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Carbon Sequestration at the Entity-Scale for Agriculture and Forestry COMMENTS DUE April 20, 2020

(U.S. Department of Agriculture/Federal Register) In accordance with Section 2709 of the 2008 Farm Bill, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) developed technical guidelines and science-based methods to quantify greenhouse

March 7, 2020 Read Full Article

Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibility: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Stora Enso’s Sustainability Actions and Goals

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Stora Enso cares for people and planet, from forests to innovation, manufacturing, product use, and end-of-life integrated into their business. Here’s an in-depth look at

March 6, 2020 Read Full Article

Innovation and Strategic Orientations for the Development of Advanced Biorefineries

by Giuliano Dragone, Abraham A.J.Kerssemakers, Jasper L.S.P.Driessen, Celina K.Yamakawa, Larissa P.Brumano, Solange I.Mussatto (Bioresource Technology) Advanced biorefineries are seen as key to implement a sustainable biobased economy. • Total valorization

February 18, 2020 Read Full Article

Q&A with Brian Rogers, Future Forests + Jobs

by Anna Simet (Biomass Magazine)  … -The recently launched Future Forests + Jobs is an initiative aimed at pushing back against anti-forestry and anti-biomass activists. Why is this effort needed

November 5, 2019 Read Full Article

Planting a Trillion Trees Will Not Halt Climate Change

by Kay Ledbetter (Farm Progress/Southwest Farm Press)  Tree planting in natural grasslands can destroy plant and animal habitat and won’t sequester enough carbon to compensate for fossil fuel emissions.  — A

October 28, 2019 Read Full Article

European Biofuels Industry Cries Foul that Green EU Financing Doesn’t Include Sustainable Technologies

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Belgium, as the EU institutions begin negotiations on a new regulation defining sustainability in green finance, a group of ten associations representing the Europe’s bioenergy, agriculture

October 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Green Shoots: After a Sluggish Decade, Is the Bioenergy Tide Turning?

by Gerard J. Ostheimer, Ph.D. (below50) and Douglas L. Faulkner (“the Clean Tech Conservative” / Leatherstocking LLC) (Biofuels Digest)  …  On the left there is a surging sense of climate action

October 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Florida Ag Producers, Foresters Share Ideas to Deal with Climate Change

(Solutions from the Land)  Florida Rep. Kathy Castor told a group of farmers, ranchers and timber producers in her state Monday that responding to a changing climate must be a

August 14, 2019 Read Full Article

Whole-Tree Harvesting Could Boost Biomass Production

by Kelley Christensen (Michigan Technological University)  … Forest biomass is expected to be one of the key energy sources, but many people have wondered how to feed biofuel plants the materials they

July 16, 2019 Read Full Article

2016-2018 Measuring, Governing and Gaining Support for Sustainable Bioenergy Supply Chains

(IEA Bioenergy)  Several systems to define and monitor performance and progress towards sustainability of bioenergy have been developed for implementation at different scales, including operations, landscapes or jurisdictions. Some are formalised

June 24, 2019 Read Full Article

Meaningful Solutions for a Changing Climate Require Proactive Partnerships

(Solutions from the Land)  One of Solution from the Land’s (SfL) primary missions over the past decade has been to help and inspire agricultural and forestry sector leaders to become powerful

June 4, 2019 Read Full Article

Wyden, Merkley Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Promote Cleaner Transportation Fuel, Healthier Forests

(Office of Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR)) Legislation allows the use of biomass waste from certain federal lands in the making of renewable fuels  —  U.S. Sens. Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley today

May 24, 2019 Read Full Article

State Leadership Fuels Carbon Reduction, Clean Energy Booms

(Solutions from the Land)  … The swelling momentum of state leadership pushing forward climate issues and solutions, as well as growing engagement with the challenges of climate change on Capitol Hill,

May 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Canada’s First Bioeconomy Strategy Launched

(Bioenergy International)  Canada’s first national Bioeconomy Strategy has been released by Bioindustrial Innovation Canada (BIC). Produced by BIC in partnership with BIOTECanada, FPInnovations and Forest Products Association of Canada, the report

May 15, 2019 Read Full Article

Letter from Washington – Taxes, Blends, RINs, Jobs and “The Year of the Tree”

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) … (C)onsider this for now a Digested summary of the (Washington, DC) news you can use, as short as we can make it so that

May 14, 2019 Read Full Article

The Low Carbon Coast

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) …  Washington state (House–see correction below) has passed a low carbon fuel standard that would have it join itself to the standards already enacted in California,

May 9, 2019 Read Full Article

VTT and RISE Strengthening Collaboration in Bio- and Circular Economy

(Research Institutes of Sweden)  The objective of the new agreement between VTT and RISE is to establish a framework for collaboration in the field of bio- and circular economy test and

May 7, 2019 Read Full Article

Solutions from the Land: Delivering 21st Century Solutions To 21st Century Challenges

(Solutions from the Land)  Last week marks the fifth anniversary of Solutions from the Land (SfL), a nonprofit organization that places farmers, ranchers and foresters at the forefront of resolving food

April 23, 2019 Read Full Article

States, Local Governments Show Solutions to a Changing Climate Are Available

(Solutions from the Land)  … Ag and forestry sectors have for years been demonstrating the potential for opportunities to reduce, sequester or mitigate GHG emissions. These pathways include advanced land management

March 28, 2019 Read Full Article

Finding Practical, Viable Solutions to a Changing Climate

(Solutions from the Land)  …Unfortunately, the (Green New Deal) resolution comes with a lack of recognition for the importance of all forms of renewable energy. In focusing on no-carbon renewables

February 28, 2019 Read Full Article

One Fish Model Study Leads to Three Wins for the Environment

by Tim Theiss (Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Department of Energy) Over the past two years, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS)

February 7, 2019 Read Full Article

Want a Bipartisan Push on Climate Change? Start With Unleashing American Biofuels

by Jeff Cosman (Morning Consult/Attis Industries Inc.)  …  And in November, a letter from the Department of Energy, the EPA and the United States Department of Agriculture to Congress laid out

February 6, 2019 Read Full Article

Gaining Support: The Digest’s 2019 Multi-Slide Guide to IEA Bioenergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) IEA Bioenergy’s inter-task proejct has done extensive work on the sustainability of bioenergy systems, including over 50 authors contributing to over 25 deliverables between 2016-2018 alone.

January 29, 2019 Read Full Article

A Sensible Approach to Climate Change Policy

(Solutions from the Land)  … That opening now allows for the presentation and consideration of a more centered and pragmatic approach like that promoted by Solutions from the Land (SfL)

January 17, 2019 Read Full Article

Finnish Pilot Develops a New Solution for Sustainable Forestry

(VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd)  New unique mobile application puts forest Big Data to more efficient use  —  The whole of Europe is feverishly looking for new ways to

January 11, 2019 Read Full Article

Trump Issues Executive Order on Forest Management

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  An executive order on forest management issued by President Trump in late December addresses how rural economies can benefit through the utilization of byproducts created by

January 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Creating Trust in Bioenergy: The Digest’s Multi-Slide Guide to IEA Bioenergy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  IEA Bioenergy conducted research on various approaches to creating trust in sustainability of bioenergy through effective governance. Inge Stupak and Tat Smith, IEA Bioenergy researchers gave this

December 31, 2018 Read Full Article

Finnish Pilot Develops a New Solution for Sustainable Forestry

(VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd/EurekAlert)  Finnish pilot develops a new solution for sustainable forestry New unique mobile application puts forest Big Data to more efficient use The whole of

December 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Maine Technology Institute (MTI) Issues Request for Proposals for Emerging Technology Challenge for Maine’s Forest Resources DEADLINE: January 25, 2019

(Maine Technology Institute)  MTI will award up to $1.5 million in grants to challenge winners, for one or more projects. — The Maine Technology Institute (MTI) has announced a request for responses

December 24, 2018 Read Full Article

Agriculture Sector Must Take Active Role in Creating Climate Policy

(Solutions from the Land)  Events at the last round of global climate talks in Katowice, Poland over the past two weeks have drawn a spotlight on the need for agriculture, conservation

December 13, 2018 Read Full Article

2018 Farm Bill Helps Rural America Become More Resilient: Rural Economies Crucial to Combating Climate Change

(Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) commends the Farm Bill conferees and the House and Senate Agriculture Committees for their tireless commitment to produce a Farm

December 12, 2018 Read Full Article

SfL Report Assesses Challenges Posed by Changing Climatic Conditions in Missouri

(Solutions from the Land)  Solutions from the Land (SfL) commends Missouri agriculture and forestry leaders who looked into the future, examined what science is telling them is coming from changing

October 30, 2018 Read Full Article

Biorefineries Will Have Only Minimal Effects on Wood Products and Feedstocks Markets

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis/Phys.Org)  A new report from researchers from IIASA, Luleå University of Technology (LTU), and RISE Research Institutes of Sweden has shown that more biorefineries, which produce

July 10, 2018 Read Full Article

SLU and Stora Enso in Strategic Partnership

(Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences)  The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) has signed a strategic partnership agreement with Stora Enso. Through the agreement SLU and Stora Enso intend to establish

June 6, 2018 Read Full Article

UNFCCC Ag Work Program Approval Affirms Old Adage: ‘World is Run by Those who Show Up’

by Ernie Shea (Solutions from the Land/25 x ’25)  Over the past 10 years, Solutions from the Land (SfL) and 25x’25, our clean energy platform, has been supporting a group of

May 11, 2018 Read Full Article

NACSAA Advances Recommendations to Shape UNFCCC Agricultural Work Program

(25 x ’25/North American Climate Smart Agriculture Alliance) Last November, we wrote here of a major breakthrough occurring at the global climate talks in Bonn, Germany, where, for the first

March 30, 2018 Read Full Article

NZ Could Forge a Green Transport Fuels Future

(Scion/Scoop)  Study proves New Zealand could forge a green transport fuels future  —  New Zealand could build a renewable low-carbon transport fuels industry – but only if the nation decides to act.

February 27, 2018 Read Full Article

Is Energy from Woody Biomass Positive for the Climate?

(International Energy Agency)  IEA Bioenergy has produced a brief on the question ‘Is energy from woody biomass positive for the climate?’ The brief provides background and a number of concise arguments

February 27, 2018 Read Full Article

18.5 Million People Employed in Bioeconomy, Primarily in Biomass Production

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  In Washington, DC, a study conducted by nova-Institute on behalf of the Bio-based Industries Consortium (BIC) showed for the first time which macroeconomic effects are generated by

February 26, 2018 Read Full Article

Agroforestry Systems May Play Vital Role in Mitigating Climate Change

by Jeff Mulhollem (Penn State News)  Agroforestry could play an important role in mitigating climate change because it sequesters more atmospheric carbon in plant parts and soil than conventional farming, according to

February 7, 2018 Read Full Article

US Wood Pellet Exports Are Sustainable, Despite Growth: Report

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Tennessee, officials at Oak Ridge released a report on an ongoing debate about costs and benefits of wood-pellet based bioenergy production in the southeastern

April 24, 2017 0 comment Read Full Article

[Exclusive] Bioenergy Industry Consultant Critiques Scientists’ Letter to Congress

by Josh Schlossberg (The Biomass Monitor)  A white paper by a bioenergy industry consulting firm critiques a recent letter sent to Congress by 65 U.S. scientists opposing a carbon neutral “biomass”

August 1, 2016 Read Full Article

Solutions from the Land Leaders Bring North American Climate Smart Agriculture Ideas to Global Summit in Rome

(North American Climate Smart Agricultural Alliance)  Solutions from the Land (SfL) is taking an active role in the Global Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture (GACSA) summit underway this week in

June 16, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

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of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices Feedstocks feedstock storage feedstock transportation fermentation ferry fertilizer F Factor fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch/FT Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose flameleaf sumac flavors flax Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) Flightpath flight tests flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources forestry Forest Service fossil carbon fossil fuel fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) free fatty acids (FFA) French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon Gambia gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline-range hydrocarbons gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gas prices gas tax/highway user fee General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) giant cane Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government subsidies grains grain sorghum/milo grain speculators GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green/black economy green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery GREET model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP h Haiti Halophytes harvesting harvest site processing Hawaii hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ health health benefits health effects heat-tolerance heating oil/fuel heat of combustion heat of vaporization Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) HFS-SIP hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Honge 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liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Bio- Renewable Fuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts mass balance standard Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks methanization Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative 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Policy (OSTP) offtake agreements Ohio Ohio Wisconsin oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil palm oil mill effluent 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railroad rainforest rain tree RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard 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roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple 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incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Fuels Policy; carbon removal Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tung tunicate Tunisia 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