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Reality EV: Let’s Not Overlook Biofuels

(Clean Fuels Development Coalition) The widespread introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) as a means of reducing carbon emissions presents a far greater challenge than the public is being led to believe,

March 18, 2020 Read Full Article

Hawaii Bill Could Become Nation’s First Carbon Emissions Tax

(Associated Press) Hawaii could become the first state to enact a tax on carbon emissions, but the bill still requires passage by the House and the governor. A carbon tax proposed by

March 11, 2020 Read Full Article

Taxes on Polluting Fuels Are Too Low to Encourage a Shift to Low-Carbon Alternatives

(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Taxing polluting sources of energy is an effective way to curb emissions that harm the planet and human health, and the income generated can be

September 23, 2019 Read Full Article

Fact Sheet: Fossil Fuel Subsidies: A Closer Look at Tax Breaks and Societal Costs

by Clayton Coleman and Emma Dietz (Environmental and Energy Study Institute) A recent analysis published in Nature Energy found that continuing current fossil fuel subsidies would make it profitable to extract half of all

August 2, 2019 Read Full Article

Advanced Biofuels Canada New Study on Clean Fuel Standard Costs

(Advanced Biofuels Canada)  Low carbon biofuels have ten-year track record in BC at costs below gasoline, resulting in affordable carbon reductions and much-needed competition in fuels  —  Canada’s national low carbon fuels

July 16, 2019 Read Full Article

Europe Faces Another Lost Decade in Decarbonising Transport

by Zoltán Szabó (Ethanol Europe/Climate Home News)  An essential conversation is missing around sustainable biofuels as part of the decarbonisation solution  —  … Recent research carried out by Ecofys/Navigant has shown that electrification

June 28, 2019 Read Full Article

What Will it Take?: The Digest’s 2018 Multi-Slide ABLC Guide to Policies for the Biofuture Take-off

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Promote short term deployment of mature options, stimulate the development and deployment of new technologies, deliver the necessary feedstock sustainably, backed by a supportive sustainability governance system,

December 6, 2018 Read Full Article

The 2018 Algae Biomass Summit: Tracing the Evolution of the Algae Industry and Its New Trajectories Forward

by Jenna Bloxom* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  The kickoff of the 2018 Algae Biomass Summit in The Woodlands, TX, was awash with the same professional ambition, intellectual zeal, and indomitable sense

November 17, 2018 Read Full Article

Federal University of Goiás Holds an Event on the Impacts of Brazilian Biofuels Policy

by Bruno Roque and Jakeline de Oliveira * (University of Goiás/Advanced Biofuels USA)  The New Brazilian Policy for biofuels called RenovaBio was one of the topics addressed at the 15th

November 14, 2018 Read Full Article

How Renewable Energy Could Fuel Future Conflicts

by Madison Freeman and Morgan Bazilian  (Georgetown Journal of International Affairs)  Renewable energy technologies promise to help our world avert some of the worst impacts of climate change. However, some of

October 12, 2018 Read Full Article

If Fossil Fuel Is Too Expensive, Go for Biodiesel to Fuel Cars

by Dan Odido (Daily Nation)  Popularising the use of renewable energy has several benefits to the economy. It enhances energy independence; develops non-traditional industries, broadening the manufacturing base; and provides

October 8, 2018 Read Full Article

Emissions, Energy, and Economic Implications of the Curbelo Carbon Tax Proposal

(Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy)  In July 2018 Representative Carlos Curbelo proposed legislation that would put a price on US carbon dioxide emissions (“Curbelo proposal”). A carbon price is

July 23, 2018 Read Full Article

Drills and Pipelines May Pollute Our Climate but Words Will Break or Make Us

by Michael Eggleston* (Advanced Biofuels USA) Carbon is the backbone of the fossil-based economy and feedstock to a bio-based economy. However, how exactly this carbon is handled continues to divide

May 3, 2018 Read Full Article

The New World Has Arrived: 16th International Conference Datagro Sugar and Ethanol Promotes the Innovations of the Sector

by Laís Forti Thomaz* (Advanced Biofuels USA) On October 17-18, 2016, Datagro held its 16th International Conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Once again, this event reunited many great specialists of the

October 24, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

With More People Hitting the Road, It’s Time for a Carbon Tax

(The Washington Post)  … Even with current conditions factored in, government experts project that fuel-efficiency standards will put much more downward pressure on gasoline use in coming years, helping to bring

September 12, 2016 Read Full Article

China, US Set to Release Review of Each Other’s Fossil Fuel Subsidies in Historic Move at G20 Summit

by Li Jing (South China Morning Post)  The cross-checking system between world’s two worst carbon polluters will be the first time Beijing has allowed another nation to review its domestic

September 5, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Blog: Competing with Sub $50 Oil – a Strategy for Biofuels

by Irshad Ahmed  (Lee Enterprises Consulting/Biofuels International)  If bioenergy represents a sustainable energy future for the planet, then why must it compete with oil prices to be deemed a feasible energy

September 3, 2016 Read Full Article

Court Backs Obama’s Climate Change Accounting

by Timothy Cana (The Hill)  A federal appeals court is upholding the Obama administration’s accounting of the costs of greenhouse gas emissions as applied to a Department of Energy (DOE)

August 15, 2016 Read Full Article

12th F.O. Lichts Sugar & Ethanol Brazil 2016: New Horizons for the Ethanol Industry in Brazil

by Lais F. Thomaz* (Advanced Biofuels USA) From 25 to 27 April 2016, renowned experts, entrepreneurs and government officials were reunited at the “12 th Sugar & Ethanol Brazil,” conference

May 6, 2016 Read Full Article

Europe Continues to Get Biodiesel Wrong

by Ron Kotrba (Biodiesel Magazine)  A provocative opinion piece on Europe’s reliance on unsound indirect land use change theory  —  It is clear there is a politicized agenda in Europe

May 6, 2016 Read Full Article

An Open Letter to the New US House of Representatives Free Market Green Coalition – Without a Price on Pollution, There are No Market-Based Solutions to Clean Up the Environment

by Robert Kozak* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  We welcome US Representatives Adam Kinzinger, Barbara Comstock, Joe Heck, Chris Gibson, Ryan Costello, Kevin Yoder, Richard Hanna, Dave Reichert, Elise Stefanik, Carlos Curbelo,

March 16, 2016 0 comment Read Full Article

Pushmi-Pullyu: How Do Carbon Prices and Fuel Mandates Work Together in Breaking through a Fossil Fuel Monopoly? Or, Do They?

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Sometimes, the set-up of the transition from fossil fuels is as pretty and impractical as Dr. Doolittle’s Pushmi-Pullyu. The Digest investigates.  —  … For example, a

January 12, 2016 Read Full Article

Elon Musk Calls for Carbon Price to Halve the Transition Time to Clean Energy

by Lenore Taylor (The Guardian)  Businessman and innovator says a scheme similar to the one Australia abandoned would make a huge difference in tackling climate change  —  Addressing students at

December 4, 2015 Read Full Article

Everyone’s Favorite Climate Change Fix

by Cristina Maza (The Christian Science Monitor)   Economists, officials, and executives across the globe increasingly support carbon pricing to stem the rise of greenhouse-gas emissions. Can it work?  —  … “Pricing carbon

October 29, 2015 Read Full Article

Oil CEOs Differ on Carbon Strategy, Highlighting Industry Divide

by Sarah Kent And Amy Harder  (Morningstar)  The chief executives of Royal Dutch Shell PLC and ExxonMobil Corp. laid out contrasting visions this week for reducing fossil-fuel emissions, illustrating a

October 14, 2015 Read Full Article

David Attenborough Backs Huge Apollo-Style Clean Energy Research Plan

by Damian Carrington (The Guardian)  Naturalist says 10-year public research and development programme, that would emulate race to put men on the moon, could halt climate change — … In a

September 16, 2015 Read Full Article

IMF Says Energy Subsidized by $5.3 Trillion Worldwide

by Anna Yukhananov (Reuters)  Governments around the world charge prices for energy that do not account for its harmful environmental, health and other side effects, amounting to a $5.3 trillion “post-tax”

June 8, 2015 Read Full Article

Fossil Fuels Subsidised by $10m a Minute, Says IMF

by Damian Carrington  (The Guardian)  ‘Shocking’ revelation finds $5.3tn subsidy estimate for 2015 is greater than the total health spending of all the world’s governments — Fossil fuel companies are benefitting from

May 19, 2015 Read Full Article

Capturing the Full and Unrealized Value of Biofuels — Market Mechanisms are Needed

by Ghasideh Pourhashem (Forbes)  During the past decade, production of biofuels has gained momentum largely due to policies and mandates aimed at addressing energy security and climate change. … But if the

May 5, 2015 Read Full Article

Why Taxes Are Not an Option in Addressing International Civil Aviation’s Carbon Footprint

(GreenAirOnline)  While the aviation sector continues to implement new technological and operational measures to mitigate its carbon footprint, including the development of sustainable alternative fuels, these initiatives by themselves will

March 27, 2015 Read Full Article

With “True Cost” Of Emissions Factored In, Gasoline Would Cost $3.80/Gallon MORE Than The Pump Price

by James Ayre (CleanTechnica)  If the “true costs” of emissions — increased rates of premature death, illness, increased loads on the healthcare system, lowered crop yields, missed work days, higher

March 10, 2015 Read Full Article

Is Cellulosic Ethanol the Next Big Thing in Renewable Fuels?

by Sena Christian (EarthIsland.org)   For a long time it seemed like turning the inedible parts of plants into a commercially viable biofuel, known as cellulosic ethanol, was nothing more than

January 6, 2015 Read Full Article

Oil’s Swoon Creates the Opening for a Carbon Tax

by Lawrence Summers (The Washington Post)  The case for carbon taxes has long been compelling. With the recent steep fall in oil prices and associated declines in other energy prices, it

January 5, 2015 Read Full Article

Three Ways Renewables Could Benefit From Low Oil Prices

by Jeff McMahon (Forbes)  … International Energy Agency director Maria van der Hoeven and U.S. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz appeared together Thursday at the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington DC, where

December 19, 2014 Read Full Article

Carbon Fee Bill Would Benefit Algae Industry

by Erin Voegele (Biomass Magazine)  Legislation recently introduced in the U.S. Senate includes a provision that would encourage carbon utilization technology. The Algae Biomass Organization has spoken out to applaud

November 21, 2014 Read Full Article

The Next Revolution: Discarding Dangerous Fossil Fuel Accounting Practices

by Alex Nicolson   (Renewable Energy World)  … Economists recognize the existence of these costs and call them “externalities.” Other than this recognition, externalities are still not assigned to their correct

October 29, 2014 Read Full Article

Four Freedoms for the 21st Century

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  … Over the past year we have seen some remarkable developments in the sector, starting right here in Alberta with the completion and opening of

October 24, 2014 Read Full Article

Why Business Leaders Support a Price on Carbon

(The World Bank)  The companies we turn to every day for electricity, transportation, consumer goods, and even electronics face risks from climate change. Most need reliable water for production processes

August 11, 2014 Read Full Article

Renewable Energy Subsidies Are the Most Transparent and Visible

by Zoe Casey (Renewable Energy World) From direct government support to tax breaks and the cost of negative externalities like pollution, subsidies to the power sector take many different — and often

May 7, 2014 Read Full Article

IMF Rejects Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Calls for Reform

By Paul Brown (Climate News Network/ClimateCentral.org)  Fossil fuel subsidies provided by both rich and poor countries to keep their citizens happy are holding back the world economy, accelerating climate change

April 26, 2013 Read Full Article

The Hydrogen Problem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  A numbers of readers responding to “Biofuels from a raging fireball” (Friday’s Top Story, on research work with the raging fireball, Pyrococchus furiosus, to make

April 2, 2013 Read Full Article

IMF: Governments Need to End Energy Subsidies

by Howard Schneider (The Washington Post)  Government subsidies of gasoline, electricity and other energy sources amount to about $1.9 trillion a year and should be ended or offset with taxes used to

March 28, 2013 Read Full Article

IMF: Want to Fight Climate Change? Get Rid of $1.9 Trillion in Energy Subsidies.

by Brad Plumer (The Washington Post)  What’s the simplest way to tackle global warming? Make sure that fossil fuels are priced properly and not subsidized. That’s the core idea behind

March 28, 2013 Read Full Article

Nobel Prize-Winning US Economists Urge Obama to Support Carbon Pricing in Global Negotiations on Aviation Emissions

(GreenAirOnline)  A group of 32 leading US economists, including eight Nobel Prize winners, have written an open letter to President Obama urging him to advance proposals at ICAO for a

March 27, 2013 Read Full Article

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International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isooctane isooctene Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 Jetfuel (Sustainable Alternative Jetfuel (SAJF)/Renewable Jetfuel (RJF) Jimmy Carter Jobs jojoba Jordan JP-4 JP-5 JP-8 JP-10 juniper jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kamani Kansas Kans grass Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa Kuwait Kygryzstan labels Labrador lactose Lake County lamp oil landfill methane Landfills land ownership land prices land rights landscape land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree Lebanon legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars Lipid liquefaction liquid liquidation liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louisiana low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M3 M15 M50 M100 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land Marine/Maritime Biofuel marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Gas Oil (MGO) market forces marketing markets/sales market share Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methan methanation methane/biomethane methane leaks Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methanol price Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover minerals mining Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molybdenum Monaco mongongo Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed Myanmar n-butanol nahar Namibia nano nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials nano particles naphtha/bionaphtha NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Transportation Safety Board Native American tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gasoline natural gas prices natural gas vehicles Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick Newfoundland new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory North Korea Northwest Territories Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds NTSB nuclear Nunavut nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition nut shells oak oat hulls oats oat straw Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement Oils oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes Oklahoma olefins olive cake olive oil olive pits olives olive water Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm 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pollinators pollution pollution control polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter power-to-gas power-to-liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propanol property insurance protectionism protein protests public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week R33 rabbits race radiata pine Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rainforest RAND rare earth metal RD20 RD30 RD99 RD100 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED and RED II) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion retail retrofit return on investment R Factor RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island Ricardo rice rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rotation crops royalties RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass s saccharification Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC SAK Salicornia salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar sal tree salt water Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Policy Scotland scum sea level rise seashore mallow seawater Seaweed/Macroalgae seaweed cultivation Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed-to-wheel seed husks Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shipping shipping containers shipworm Sierra Leone silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smokestack soap social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar-to-fuels solar biofuels solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solaris solid oxide fuel cell Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota Southeast Asia Southern Africa South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soybean prices soybeans soy meal Spain spartina specifications sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve straw students sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel Sugar Beets/Energy Beets sugar cane sugar cane prices sugar cane straw Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugars sugars-to-fats sugar standards sulfur Sumatra sunflower supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweetgum sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas syngas fermentation synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic methane Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree Tamarix tank-to-wheel tank cars tankers tanker trucks Tanzania tariffs taro tar sands Tasmania tax benefit tax credit taxes tax incentives tax parity tax policy tea teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training technical course technology transfer tech transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tung tunicate Tunisia Turkey Uganda UK (United Kingdom) Ukraine UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations (UN) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urbanization urban 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