(KoreanRegister) In response to the tightening environmental regulations in the international shipping sector, various alternative fuels are being adopted both domestically and internationally. Among these, hydrogen is a carbon-free, ecofriendly fuel and a key alternative for maritime decarbonization. Furthermore, as hydrogen serves as a primary feedstock for producing other alternative fuels like methanol, the hydrogen-based fuel supply chain is projected to expand significantly. Consequently, with the rise in international hydrogen transport and trade, demand for hydrogen carriers and hydrogen-fueled ships is expected to increase.
In September 2025, the draft Interim Guidelines for the safety of ships using hydrogen as fuel were developed during the 11th session of the Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC). This draft is scheduled for final approval at the 111th Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) in May 2026. This will mark the establishment of the first international safety regulations for ships using compressed gaseous hydrogen and liquefied hydrogen as fuel, which is expected to accelerate the development and commercialization of hydrogen-fueled ships globally.
Despite these advancements, hydrogen possesses hazardous characteristics distinct from conventional fuels—such as high flammability, explosiveness, cryogenic temperature, and hydrogen embrittlement. These factors require specialized safety considerations; however, the industry's understanding of these risks remains insufficient.
Accordingly, the Korean Register has published this research report to support the commercialization of hydrogen fuel and to enhance the maritime industry's understanding. This report covers an introduction to maritime hydrogen systems, analysis of hydrogen-related accident cases, identification of hydrogen hazards, and risk mitigation measures.
We hope this document serves as a valuable reference for those working in the shipbuilding and shipping industries.
*This document was prepared based on 2025 standards; therefore, should relevant standards be revised in the future, the most up-to-date regulations must be applied. READ MORE