House Republicans Switch Tacks on Ethanol in Farm Bill

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April 29, 2026
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by Marc Heller (E&E NewsPM) The Rules Committee blocked a farm bill amendment on summer sales of E15 — but moved to advance a separate bill on the issue Tuesday.  --  House Republicans on Tuesday forged a new path to make E15 fuel available year-round.

In a strategy advanced by the House Rules Committee, Republican lawmakers moved to temporarily break the biofuel fight away from the five-year farm bill that’s poised for a floor vote this week.

Instead, leadership settled on an alternative that would keep the divisive politics of ethanol from sinking the long-overdue farm measure: vote on a separate bill on E15, then add it to the farm bill after both measures have passed the House.

E15 — which is 15 percent ethanol and 85 percent gasoline — can’t generally be sold in summer due to air pollution standards, although EPA has waived the rules on an emergency basis for seven years straight. Expanding sales of the corn-derived fuel is a top priority for the biofuel industry and farm groups.

The House Rules Committee — which sets parameters for debate on legislation — brushed aside the vast majority of more than 360 amendments submitted, including one by a handful of lawmakers to expand E15 availability.  READ MORE

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Excerpt from The Hill: It also reforms the process for granting small oil refineries exemptions to biofuels blending requirements.

...

The addition of the measure to the Farm Bill appeared to be a sweetener, designed to appease corn-state Republicans who have long advocated for the proposal.

Rep. Austin Scott (R-Ga.) announced during a Rules Committee meeting that the House would take up the measure as a standalone bill and then “add the text” to the end of the Farm Bill, which Republicans are trying to advance through their razor-thin margin in the House.

The move was met with criticism from Democrats who said it would add an “unfunded mandate” to the Farm Bill.

Rep. Jim McGovern (Mass.), the top Democrat on the Rules Committee, said that according to its Congressional Budget Office score, the ethanol bill would add “billions of dollars to the deficit.”

“This is billions of dollars that won’t be paid for that will be added to the farm bill, which is extraordinary to me,” he said. 

The biofuel legislation is a compromise between ethanol backers and oil refinery supporters – constituencies that divide Republicans. The bill is backed by both oil and agriculture lobbying groups. 

Earlier this year, Midwest Republicans sought to hold up a funding bill to get ethanol legislation attached to it. Ultimately, GOP leaders agreed to reach a compromise at a later date.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico Pro:  A Republican-led push to permit year-round sales of E15 fuels as part of the farm bill would add billions of dollars to the cost of the sprawling package, lengthening the odds against its inclusion and adding to the GOP’s legislative headache.

A bipartisan amendment championed by Rep. Michelle Fischbach (R-Minn.), a member of the House Rules Committee, would add a net “single digit billions” to the federal deficit over a 10-year period, according to a Congressional Budget Office estimate obtained by POLITICO.

The amendment’s inclusion would scuttle House Agriculture Chair G.T. Thompson’s (R-Pa.) efforts to make the farm bill budget-neutral in hopes of avoiding outrage from fiscal hawks who typically oppose the package’s spending on farm subsidies. House Republicans are considering tacking the E15 deal onto the farm bill before sending it to the Senate.

Fischbach, Rep. Randy Feenstra (R-Iowa) and other Republicans have pitched their E15 plan as a zero-cost way to boost farmers’ bottom lines and potentially lower gas pump prices ahead of the midterm elections.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico Pro E&E NewsPM:  Efforts to advance a five-year farm bill faltered in the House on Wednesday as the Republican leadership’s effort to smooth disagreements on ethanol policy appeared to have the opposite effect.

After barely passing a procedural measure to bring the farm bill to the floor, leaders scrapped votes on the legislation and on a related bill to lift seasonal restrictions on the sale of higher-ethanol fuel called E15.

Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) told reporters the House would instead push for votes on an expiring foreign intelligence surveillance law and budget legislation.

In the meantime, Johnson said, leaders would work to resolve differences on the farm bill and the E15 fuel proposal — which were supposed to be combined into one package after passage.

“These are some of the most complicated public policy matters that Congress deals with, and they’re all sandwiched together because of deadlines that are upon us,” Johnson said.

As to the farm bill and an ethanol compromise, Johnson said, “There’s still some negotiation, deliberation and consternation, I would say.”  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Ethanol Producer Magazine: Members of the U.S. House of Representatives of have been working for months to craft the Farm, Food and National Security Act of 2026, or H.R. 7567, commonly known as the 2026 Farm Bill. The House Agriculture Committee addressed the bill during a two-day mark-up session in early March. While several lawmakers tried to add E15 language to the bill during the mark-up session, those amendments were ultimately denied due to jurisdictional issues. The committee on March 5 voted 34 to 17 to advance the bill. 

Complex legislation, like the Farm Bill, is typically sent to the Rules Committee to establish specific terms of debate—or rules—before it reaches the House floor. Those rules determine when a bill is heard, how long it is debated, and which amendments are allowed. 

The Rules Committee provided lawmakers with roughly one week to submit potential amendments for the 2026 Farm Bill. According to information published by the committee, more than 300 such amendments were submitted for consideration. Several of the amendments address E15.

The Rules Committee, however, did not include E15 language in the 2026 Farm Bill rule it sent to the House floor for debate on April 29. While the Farm Bill was not amended to include E15 provisions, lawmakers have indicated plans to hold a separate vote on the Nationwide Consumer and Retailer Choice Act and, if passed, later attach that legislation to the Farm Bill package. 

The Nationwide Consumer and Retailer Choice Act would extend the Reid vapor pressure (RVP) volatility waiver to fuel blends containing up to 15% ethanol. Versions of the bill were introduced in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025.

Several lawmakers spoke out to encourage passage of E15 legislation in speeches delivered on the House floor on April 29. Rep. Derrick Van Orden, R-Wisc., stressed that E15 offers an immediate and reliable way to quickly reduce fuel costs for consumers. Rep. Tracey Mann, R-Kan., noted that expanded access to E15 means stronger markets and better prices for consumers. “This is a win for farmers, a win for consumers and a win for American energy,” he said. Rep. Sach Nunn, R-Iowa, also discussed E15’s ability to lower consumer fuel prices while reducing reliance on foreign oil. 

The Renewable Fuels Association expressed disappointment with E15 delays, but stressed a vote is expected soon. "We were greatly disappointed that the vote to ensure year-round availability of lower-cost E15 as a fuel option for America's drivers has been delayed yet again,” said Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the RFA. “Given the strong support year-round E15 enjoys-in both houses of Congress, by members of both political parties, in the White House and executive agencies, and especially among American voters-we expect to see a vote soon-and to see this fuel available nationwide. This legislation is critically important for consumers, for our country's struggling farmers, and for American energy independence."  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from E&E Daily:  A lingering fight over how much corn-based fuel Americans put in their gas tanks brought the House to a standstill for hours Wednesday, delaying consideration of critical legislation extending farm and food programs and also jeopardizing a resolution meant to unlock funding for immigration enforcement.

As the night dragged on, Republican supporters of higher-ethanol fuels said they’d secured a pledge from the Republican leadership for a vote in May on lifting summer restrictions on the sale of E15 fuel, which is 15 percent ethanol and a top priority for the biofuel industry.

That helped make way for launching initial debate on the farm bill — which went into the morning hours — and also clearing a Senate-passed budget resolution to launch a second party-line GOP reconciliation process.

“It’s critically important to our agriculture industry and refineries across the Midwest,” said Rep. Derrick Van Orden (R-Wis.), a member of the Agriculture Committee. “That’s all we’ve wanted, to bring this to the floor for a vote.”  READ MORE

 

 

Excerpt from AgWeb:  When Congress returns from recess May 12, advocates hope E15 will get another chance in Washington. The measure was removed from the Farm Bill Wednesday (April 29, 2026) following heated debates.

Legislation to allow year-round, nationwide E15 sales is now moving forward as a standalone bill. If the bill passes the House, it will likely be reintegrated into the broader Farm Bill.

The push for E15 has been a long-fought political struggle. However, Washington insiders believe the odds of passage are currently high. This is due in part to a renewed focus on biofuels and domestic energy security following recent global conflicts.

A Critical Vote on the Horizon

Industry leaders remain optimistic about the upcoming legislative schedule. Troy Bredenkamp, Senior Vice President of Government & Public Affairs for the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), expects movement soon.

“I believe we will get our vote on the E15 measure on May 13. So things are still on track,” Bredenkamp says.

Despite the momentum, many farmers remain cautiously optimistic. The industry has seen similar measures fail at the finish line several times before.

“I mean, we get it right to the edge and then and then off it goes again. So, it’s been extremely frustrating,” Brent Johnson, president of the Iowa Farm Bureau says.

...

Reaching a Compromise

To advance the bill, an E15 task force consisting of refining and ethanol interests reached a compromise. The deal provides exemptions for the smallest refiners regarding blending obligations under the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS).

Geoff Cooper, president and CEO of the RFA, explained the criteria for these exemptions: “If you can prove to EPA that you are at imminent risk of closure, and you can make that disclosure publicly, and you can show that the reason that you’re at risk of closure is the RFS itself, then you can have access to a capped amount of exempted volume.”

Additionally, a provision was added for other small refineries facing emergencies. This includes a 150 million RIN category they can tap into if they face an imminent threat of closure.

Economic and Environmental Impact

The industry is confident that these compromises will secure enough support for passage. Bredenkamp noted that the coalition of support is broad and bipartisan.

“We are probably three to one, almost four to one, support versus opposed to the E15 measure. We have over 60, almost 70, Democrats that are in support. So I think we can more than offset the amount of Freedom Caucus Republicans that may be in opposition to this,” Bredenkamp says.

While E15 remains voluntary, proponents say it will significantly boost corn demand. Bredenkamp estimates a massive shift in the market over the next several years.

“Within five years, you can move E10 to E15. That’s an additional 7 billion gallons of ethanol demand. That’s going to be an additional two-plus billion bushels of corn grind that is going to be needed,” he noted.

For farmers and consumers, the benefits are clear. Beyond market demand, the move is seen as a win for the environment and the American wallet.

“To, you know, help increase production, lower fuel costs for every consumer out there and really to start to take care of ourselves more domestically when it comes to our our fuels and it’s cleaner for the environment and it’s, I mean there’s just so many positives about it. It’s frustrating that the politics gets in the way,” Johnson says.

“E15, with the kind of production that we have the ability to do, it’s time to get it done,” adds Tim Recker, a farmer in Northeast Iowa.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Politico Pro:  Speaker Mike Johnson faced down a bruising “hell week” and ultimately pulled several key GOP bills across the line. But it came at a cost.

Republicans say Johnson’s habit of making last-minute, often contradictory promises to keep his tiny majority functioning is starting to catch up with him. Frustrations over his leadership, they say, are at an all-time high.

“I think this guy has divided us with a smile,” said Rep. Max Miller (R-Ohio), a longtime Johnson skeptic who has grown more vocal with his criticism and now says “without question” he will vote against keeping Johnson as top GOP leader in the next Congress.

This week’s chaos came to a head late Wednesday, with multiple members of key Republican factions yelling and swearing at Johnson on the House floor and in closed-door meetings.

Johnson tried to quell a rebellion among conservative hard-liners by privately reneging on an agreement with a group of midwestern Republicans that would have tied legislation allowing year-round sales of an ethanol fuel blend to the must-pass farm bill.  READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Ag News Wire: “After a markup that lasted over 20 hours, the legislation reflects the will of the committee, and it is filled with bipartisan provisions that will move the needle for farmers, ranchers, and rural Americans across the country,” said House Committee on Agriculture Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson (R-PA). “I especially want to thank all parties who were involved in the negotiations that allowed the farm bill to proceed to the floor and secure a future vote on year-round E15. Members of the Biofuels Caucus are tireless champions for rural America, and I look forward to joining them May 13 in advancing that important legislation.”

Thompson disagreed with those who said the bill was not bipartisan. “This was written traveling the country, Republicans and Democrats, 43 different states, one territory, over close to 160 different listening sessions. We did it in a tripartisan way. Republicans and Democrats.”

Listen to Thompson’s remarks Wednesday night prior to passage of the farm bill.
PlayRep. Thompson house floor 3:36

Rep. Angie Craig (D-MN)

However, after the deal was made on Wednesday, House Agriculture Committee Ranking Member Angie Craig (D-MN) expressed her doubts. “I’m telling you tonight, I do not believe that we will see a vote on E15 come to this House floor, that standing down on E15 was walking away from our family farmers.”

 

Listen to Craig’s comments on the House floor Wednesday night.
PlayRep. Craig house floor 3:38

...

This marks the farthest a farm bill has advanced in Congress since 2018, though Senate action and any conference with the House will determine the ultimate outcome.  READ MORE; includes AUDIO

 

Excerpt from National Business Aviation Association: Today, the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) welcomed the U.S. House of Representatives’ passage of comprehensive farm policy legislation that includes two key provisions recognizing the economic benefits from development of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) derived from renewable agricultural feedstocks.

H.R.7567, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, notably expands the existing biofuels category to explicitly include SAF for the first time. The bill also calls on the secretary of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to bolster advancement of the SAF supply chain through expanded growth and utilization of SAF feedstock crops.

The bill identifies SAF production as a key path for rural economic development and calls on USDA to identify opportunities to maximize SAF development by, “leveraging the capabilities of America’s farmers, ranchers, foresters and producers to capture opportunities in the sustainable aviation fuels market.”

NBAA President and CEO Ed Bolen thanked members of the NBAA Environmental Committee who worked with lawmakers on Capitol Hill to recognize the many possible benefits to rural economies from growing SAF feedstocks.

“We are also grateful to see House lawmakers acknowledge not only the environmental benefits of sustainable aviation fuels, but also their potential for significant economic contributions to our country’s farmers and rural communities,” Bolen said. “As the bill now moves to the U.S. Senate for consideration, we urge that chamber to take prompt action to advance this important legislation into law.”

Introduced by House Agriculture Committee Chairman Rep. Glenn Thompson (R-15-PA) earlier this year, the overall bill aims to update U.S. agricultural policies, expand producer credits and strengthen rural communities, including by promoting public-private partnerships for the development, deployment and commercialization of biofuels and sustainable aviation fuels.

Read the bill.

Founded in 1947 and based in Washington, DC, the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) is the leading organization for companies that rely on general aviation aircraft to help make their businesses more efficient, productive and successful. The association represents more than 10,000 company and professional members and provides more than 100 products and services to the business aviation community, including the NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition (NBAA-BACE), the world’s largest civil aviation trade show. Learn more about NBAA at nbaa.org.   READ MORE

 

Excerpt from Brownfield Ag News: U.S. Congressman Don Bacon says persistent opposition is standing in the way of year-round E15 legislation.

“We have some Republicans who hate E15 for the wrong reasons,” he said. “They think we’re trying to force people to use E15. We’re not. We’re trying to remove a regulation that prevents E15 from being sold year-round.”

...

“We have some people who think (E15) hurts the ag industry, which is outdated thinking. They don’t realize the distiller grains that come out of ethanol are more highly sought after than the actual corn.”

Bacon says biofuel supporters have called on Speaker Mike Johnson to hold a floor vote on an E15 standalone bill.

“Some of these folks hate E15 so much that they are trying to prevent any vote on E15. They are trying to prevent it by stopping rules votes and things like that.”

Speaker Johnson has indicated that a separate vote on E15 could come on May 13th.  READ MORE; includes AUDIO

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Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental attributes environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia Eswatini/Swaziland ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOAK (First of a Kind) FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala Guava Seed guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h hairy vetch Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen internal combustion engines hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (HEFA-SKA) Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISB10 isobutanol ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State legumes lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime linseed Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel LSMGO (Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil) lubricants lumber mill lupin Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol hybrid methanol price Methanol-to-Gasoline Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol-to-Jet Cyclo Paraffins with Aromatics (MtJ-CKA) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold Moldova molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 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Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast Northern Australia northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oilcane Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate oyster shell ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photocatalysis/photocatalysts photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical 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project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD15 RD20 RD26 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands Recycled Carbon Fuel (RCF) recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries 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RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports 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Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum price sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane 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