Marine/Boat Bio and Renewable Fuel/MGO/MDO/SMF

Back TO HOME

Leading Global Ocean Carriers Extend Ocean Alliance until 2032

(CMA CGM Group/Biobased Diesel Daily)  CEOs of leading global ocean carriers CMA CGM Group, COSCO Shipping, Evergreen and Orient Overseas Container Line signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) Feb. 27 in Shanghai, China, to extend the Ocean Alliance operational cooperation for

Read Full Article

BV Research Confirms Central Role of Operationa and Energy Efficiency in Meeting Shipping's 2050 Carbon Budget

(Bureau Veritas) Decarbonization simulations reveal the cumulative impact of operational and technical efficiency measures and showcase the importance of energy insetting in bridging the price gap between conventional and new fuels. -- Bureau Veritas (BV), a world leader in testing, inspection and

Read Full Article

Efficient Process for Green Methanol Demonstrated in Container Plant

(INERATEC) The E4MeWi research association is currently demonstrating how effectively green methanol can be produced in the future in a container plant at the Bitterfeld-Wolfen Chemical Park. Methanol is regarded as a key technology for defossilizing shipping and aviation and also

Read Full Article

Wärtsilä, EBDG Join Forces on Methanol-Fueled Power Barge

by Fatima Bahtić (Offshore Energy)  Finnish technology group Wärtsilä has entered into a collaboration agreement with US-based naval architecture and marine engineering firm Elliott Bay Design Group (EBDG) to further develop EBDG’s clean harbor alternative mobile power (CHAMP) barge design. The floating

Read Full Article

Using Solid Waste to Decarbonise Aviation

(Topsoe/Biofuels International)  ... There is an increasing interest in co-processing as a production method to provide the required short-term ramp up in SAF production. Co-processing allows refineries to convert renewable feedstocks into drop-in, biojet fuel at economically competitive prices, meaning it can

Read Full Article

Yang Ming Adopts Biofuel for Sustainable Future

(Yang Ming Marine Transport) To respond to the 2050 net-zero emissions goal, Yang Ming Marine Transport Corp. (Yang Ming) is taking a significant step by adopting sustainable biofuel to its fleet, starting at Hong Kong and Singapore on 7th and 8th

Read Full Article

Argus Green Marine Fuels Conference --- May 14-16, 2024 --- Amsterdam, Netherlands

Gain insight and meet with cross-sector marine fuel suppliers of the future  -- Get key insights from across the various sectors and supply chains involved in the decarbonisation of the marine sector to gain a competitive edge in reducing emissions. The Argus

Read Full Article

Fueling the Future: Biofuels Driving Progress on Net Zero

(S&P Global) The role of biofuels in energy transition is growing, as they can help decarbonize hard-to-abate transport sectors, but more supply is needed to keep the world on track with net-zero goals. S&P Global Commodity Insights explores how regional policies

Read Full Article

Syngenta to Reduce Carbon Impact of Ocean Shipping with Maersk’s ECO Delivery

(Syngenta/Business Wire)  Syngenta finalizes agreement with Maersk for ocean transport using biofuel for a Europe-US shipping route -- Syngenta Crop Protection, a leader in agricultural innovation, is to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from its logistics operations by using Maersk’s ECO

Read Full Article

BV Research Confirms Central Role of Operational and Energy Efficiency in Meeting Shipping's 2050 Carbon Budget

(Bureau Veritas) Decarbonization simulations reveal the cumulative impact of operational and technical efficiency measures and showcase the importance of energy insetting in bridging the price gap between conventional and new fuels.  Bureau Veritas (BV), a world leader in testing, inspection and certification,

Read Full Article

Vale Trying out Biodiesel in Sudbury Smelter Locomotives

by Len Gillis (Sudbury.com) Company seeking data on how well biofuels will work in reducing the carbon footprint on rail locomotives  -- Vale Base Metals is taking a serious look at reducing the use of traditional fossil fuels in Sudbury, specifically in the

Read Full Article

EE North America and Montauk Renewables Forge Groundbreaking Agreement for Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Delivery

(Montauk Renewables) Montauk and EE North America Forge Path to a Greener Future through CO2 Solutions, Aiming to Transform Environmental Pledges into Tangible Clean Energy Realities.  – In a pivotal move towards sustainable energy solutions, EE North America (“EENA”) and Montauk Renewables,

Read Full Article

Vopak to Convert Part of Sebarok Terminal in Singapore for Marine Biofuel Blending

(Reuters/The Straits Times) Tank storage firm Vopak said on Feb 26 that it will repurpose part of its Pulau Sebarok terminal in Singapore for clients to blend and store marine biofuel. Vopak has conducted biofuel trials with customers since 2022, and the

Read Full Article

ECOnnect Energy Announces Key Role in "Project Green" – Revolutionizing Clean e-Fuel Production in Africa

(ECOnnect Energy) ECOnnect Energy is a key partner in "Project Green," an ambitious initiative led by APPL (Alternative Petroleum & Power Limited) to establish itself as a leading supplier of clean E-fuels, including e-methanol and green ammonia, in Africa. Situated on an

Read Full Article

Kvasir Technologies Secures EUR 3 Million Investment from The Footprint Firm and EIFO

(Kvasir Technologies)  Kvasir Technologies, a Danish pioneer in sustainable biofuel development, announces a significant milestone in its journey toward carbon-neutral energy solutions. The company has successfully closed a seed extension, securing substantial investments from sustainability advisory and impact investor The Footprint

Read Full Article

Cepsa and Bio-Oils Begin Construction on the Largest 2G Biofuels Plant in Southern Europe with Investment of 1.2 Billion Euros

(Crepsa) -The facility will double Cepsa's and Bio-Oils' current second-generation biofuels production capacity to 1 million tons -The new plant will begin production in 2026 and is expected to generate 2,000 direct and indirect jobs during construction and operation -2G biofuels, produced

Read Full Article

Empowering Glomar Offshore's Decarbonisation Journal with GoodFuels HVO

(GoodFuels) Glomar Offshore, a leading provider of offshore drilling services, has reduced their CO2 emissions by 28% by transitioning from traditional fuels to GoodFuels HVO30, a sustainable marine biofuel blend. Glomar’s commitment to sailing on HVO30 on a fixed basis marks

Read Full Article

Vitol Bunkers Takes Delivery of First Biofuel Barge in Asia

(Vitol Bunkeres) Vitol Bunkers has taken delivery of the “Marine Future”, its first specialised bunker barge in Singapore, strengthening its position in Asia’s expanding biofuel bunker market. The addition of this specialised IMO type 2 notation bunker tanker to the V-Bunkers fleet

Read Full Article

Varo Partners with Orim Energy to Provide Marine Biofuels in Northern Europe

(Varo/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Varo Energy announced Feb. 21 that it is partnering with Orim Energy to provide shipping customers in the Port of Rotterdam—and wider Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp region—with marine biofuels. The agreement supports the decarbonization of maritime transportation and inland shipping in Northern

Read Full Article

Prio Launches Eco Bunker Supply in Aveiro

(Transportes & Negocios (Google Translation)) Today (February 16, 2024), Prio carried out the first supply of a ship with eco-bunker biofuel in the port of Aveiro.The supply of 50 tons of eco bunker from Prio to the FWN SUN ship, owned

Read Full Article

KWE and Roper Rhodes Join Together for Sustainable Maritime Fuel Program

(Kintetsu World Express/Newswire)  Kintetsu World Express (U.K.) Ltd. (KWE) has initiated a strategic partnership with Roper Rhodes Limited, a leader in supplying bathroom furniture and products, to drive innovation and sustainability in the maritime sector. The collaboration focuses on the development

Read Full Article

Event Recap: ISCC Technical Stakeholder Meeting on Sustainable Marine Fuels -- Presentations Available

(International Sustainability and Carbon Certification) ISCC representatives welcomed more than 300 stakeholders to their second ISCC Stakeholder Meeting on Sustainable Marine Fuel (SMF) on February 1st. Held online, the event dived deep into state of the market and how certified sustainable

Read Full Article

Realising EU's 2040 Climate Goals for the Maritime Sector Will Need Strengthened Global Commitments

(World Shipping Council)  • The European Commission's recommendation for the EU's 2040 climate targets, calling for a 90% net GHG emission reductions, are ambitious and critically important, especially following updates suggesting that EU 2030 goals may be not be met. The EU

Read Full Article

Green Methanol: A Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Alternative?

by Jared Strong (Iowa Capital Dispatch) ... CapCO2 Solutions is nearing completion of its first “green methanol” project at an ethanol plant in Illinois. The company hopes that a successful launch there this summer will lead ethanol producers in Iowa to

Read Full Article

Singapore Start-up Green COP Poised to Establish Pilot Biofuels Plant with Funding

(Manifold Times) Firm garnered substantial funding from a curated group of angel investors including corporate investor Ken Energy; to establish a sustainable biofuels pilot plant with a daily production capacity of 1 tonne. ... In a noteworthy development soon to be announced, Green

Read Full Article

Norwegian NTE’s Plant at Kråkøya Produces Its First Hydrogen

by Aida Čučuk (Offshore Energy) Norwegian NTE’s (Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk) green hydrogen production plant at Kråkøya in Nærøysund municipality has produced its first hydrogen gas. -- According to NTE, this represents a significant step forward for zero emissions in the maritime sector as

Read Full Article

GEODIS Has Made Decarbonization a Driving Force for Its Transformation and Is Committed to a Pathway for Reducing Its Emissions Aligned with the Paris Agreement.

(GEODIS)  GEODIS has pledged to reduce its scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 42% and reduce the carbon intensity of subcontracted transport (scope 3) by 30% by 2030 compared to 2022. Confronted with the climate emergency, GEODIS is committed

Read Full Article

As Decarbonisation Momentum Builds, So Does Biofuel Usage

by John Snyder (Riviera) Based on samples tested in 2023, VPS reports biofuel usage more than doubled year-on-year, reaching 558,000 metric tonnes  --  While biofuels represented less than 1% of the marine fuels tested in 2023, interest in their use is rising

Read Full Article

Maritime Decarbonisation Conference, Asia 2024 --- April 3-4, 2024 --- Singapore

Maturing strategies for emissions reduction -- Join us in April in Singapore for actionable insights for your decarbonisation strategy and long-term competitiveness. Programme highlights: An insider’s view of future EU and IMO regulations following MEPC 81 in March and the January 2024 entry

Read Full Article

Stena RoRo Takes Delivery of E-Flexer RoPax Vessel Number Ten for Long Charter to Canadian Crown Corporation Marine Atlantic

(Stena RoRo/PR Newswire)  Today, number ten of the Stena RoRos E-Flexer series was delivered from the CMI Jinling, Weihai Shipyard. The vessel, named Ala'suinu, will be on a long charter agreement with the Canadian state-owned Marine Atlantic and operate a ferry line

Read Full Article

Love Them or Loathe Them, Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Are a Growing Biofuel Battleground

by Louis Sahagun (Los Angeles Times) ... “They’re just a wildfire waiting to happen,” the Lincoln County commissioner says of the low, bushy trees. ... In parts of California and much of the Great Basin, land owners have declared war on pinyon pines

Read Full Article

Safe Bunkering of Biofuels. Bunkering of Biofuels in Maritime: Characteristics, Regulatory Landscape, and Safety Assessment

(European Maritime Safety Agency)  The ongoing Study on the Safe Bunkering with Biofuels (bio-methanol, FT-diesel, DME, HVO and FAME) has, in its first report, provided a comprehensive analysis of a pre-selection of biofuels in terms of its properties (flashpoint, toxicity, cold

Read Full Article

Tecnimont (MAIRE) Awarded a Front-End-Engineering Design for an Integrated Green Hydrogen and Ammonia Plant in Portugal

(Tecnimont (MAIRE)) Tecnimont will carry out FEED and will submit an EPC proposal for a large-scale plant that will produce green hydrogen and green ammonia from dedicated renewable energy; The scope of work includes electrolyzers’ integration, air separation unit for nitrogen production,

Read Full Article

Sustainable Shipping Surges on the Great Lakes

by Karen Potratz (Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Biodiesel is a readily available solution to decarbonize ports.  --  The Great Lakes region is a marine-shipping superpower. Each year thousands of vessels transport 90 million tons of cargo on the five Great

Read Full Article

Hafnia Bunker Alliance Moves Ahead with Sustainable Biofuel Bunkering

(Hafnia Bunker Alliance/Biobased Diesel Daily)  Hafnia Bunkers announced Jan. 31 steps forward in advancing sustainable marine fuel solutions through its strategic collaboration via the Hafnia Bunker Alliance with member Unigas and GoodFuels supplier FincoEnergies—a collaboration Hafnia Bunkers characterized as “revolutionizing the

Read Full Article

Is There a Future for Biodiesel in Europe?

by Edgar Ahn (BDI-BioEnergy International GmbH/Biobased Diesel Daily)  A comprehensive look at the policy landscape and market opportunities for fatty acid methyl esters in the European Union. --  ... A group of experts from the Dutch Rabobank anticipates a sharp decline in

Read Full Article

Evergreen Marine and X-Press Feeders Sign MOA for Launch of Green Shipping Routes in Europe

(X-Press Feeders) Evergreen Marine Signs on To Europe’s First Feeder Network Powered by Green Methanol -- Global container shipping line Evergreen Marine Corporation (Evergreen) has signed a memorandum of agreement (MOA) with X-Press Feeders, the world’s largest independent common carrier, to place

Read Full Article

Zero Emission Shipping Fund proposal submitted to UN to deliver on shipping’s net zero targets

(International Chamber of Shipping) • The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS), the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, and the Republic of Liberia submit detailed proposal to UN IMO for a Zero Emission Shipping Fund to accelerate transition to net zero by 2050. •

Read Full Article

Europe Launches New e-Fuels Project to Decarbonize Shipping

(Safety4Sea)  The new €17 million European GAMMA project aims to make ocean transport and trade more environmentally friendly. Companies and researchers from Europe will collaborate to develop and convert a bulk carrier to operate on climate-neutral fuels and green power, reducing

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2024 Multi-Slide Guide to Enerkem

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Enerkem is the first company in the world to produce renewable methanol and ethanol from non-recyclable, non-compostable municipal solid waste at full commercial scale. The company’s solution replaces the use of fossil sources like petroleum and

Read Full Article

New EU-funded FUELGAE Project Aims to Resurrect Algae as a Promising Source for Aviation Biofuels

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) Over a decade ago, algae was seen as a very promising biomass for producing jet biofuel and a number of high-profile startups attracted big-name investors. In 2009, Continental Airlines flew the United States’ first-ever commercial jet

Read Full Article

Enerkem to Retire Its Edmonton Biofuels Facility

(Enerkem)  After reaching its objectives, the Enerkem Alberta Biofuels plant will begin to wind down operations as of today (January 30, 2024).  --  Enerkem announced today that it will be retiring its Enerkem Alberta Biofuels (EAB) plant in Edmonton. The EAB facility achieved

Read Full Article

Can Second-Generation Ethanol Production Help Decarbonize the World?

by Brian Kenny (Cold Call/Harvard Business Review)   How Brazil’s green energy champion, Raízen, is expanding the market for second-generation ethanol and other sugar-cane waste biofuels. -- Raízen, a bioenergy company headquartered in São Paulo, is Brazil’s leader in sugar and ethanol

Read Full Article

Study Identifies Plans for 45 e-Fuel Facilities in Europe, as Norway Leads the Way

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) A new study by European lobby group Transport and Environment (T&E) has identified commitments to build 45 e-kerosene plants in 10 European nations, with combined potential to produce more synthetic aviation fuel by 2030 than required by the

Read Full Article

Unravelling IMO Policy Measures towards a Just and Equitable Energy Transition

(Global Maritime Forum) With the International Maritime Organisation’s (IMO) Revised Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Strategy adopted in July 2023, this Brief dives deeper into the mid-term measures, including an economic and technical measure, which are currently under development to ensure delivering on

Read Full Article

NYK Breaks Ground on In-House Biofuel Testing Hub

by Jasmina Ovcina Mandra (Offshore Energy)  On Monday, January 29, Japanese shipping major NYK Group broke ground on a test engine facility, aimed at evaluating the safety and practical application of biofuels for maritime use. The company’s latest venture towards sustainable

Read Full Article

Contract for an Innovative Multipurpose Vessel

(Baltic Workboats) Last week Baltic Workboats AS signed a contract for the design and construction of a new multipurpose vessel with the Estonian State Fleet. The vessel will be powered by biomethane and electricity to guarantee ecological sustainability and will be completed

Read Full Article

Biogas Can Help Global Shipping Go Green

By Peter Jameson, Maurice Jansen, and Kevin Maloney (Boston Consulting Group) Biogas pathway fuels offer the maritime shipping industry the best near-term low-carbon option, and could play a major role in its long-term decarbonization. Biogas-pathway fuels have the potential to decarbonize up

Read Full Article

Mabanaft and TUI Cruises Sign MoU for the Supply of Methanol

(Mabanaft) Hamburg-based energy company Mabanaft has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with TUI Cruises, one of the leading cruise operators, to supply green methanol in the future. The cooperation between Mabanaft and TUI Cruises kicks off with a methanol delivery

Read Full Article

Clean Growth Fund invests £2.25m in Hutan Bio

(Clean Growth Fund) After a decade of research and development in the UK and around the world, HutanBio, a bio-tech company founded by scientists from Cambridge University, based in Cambridge (UK) and in Malaysia, has secured investment from Clean Growth

Read Full Article

LNG – Leading Maritime Decarbonisation

(SEA-LNG) SEA-LNG’s View from the Bridge 2023-24  --  This year’s View from the Bridge 2023-2024 highlights how the shipping industry has advanced along the LNG pathway to decarbonisation in 2023 and outlines the progress anticipated in 2024. Decarbonisation challenge – reality closing in The

Read Full Article

Singapore's Marine Biofuel Demand Could Double by 2025 -TotalEnergies Exec

by Jeslyn Lerh (Reuters/Natural Gas World)  Marine biofuel demand at the world's largest bunker hub Singapore could potentially double by 2025 to almost 1 million metric tons from 2023 levels as shippers seek to cut emissions, a senior TotalEnergies executive said.  --  Marine

Read Full Article

Construction Starts on Stena Line’s First Methanol-Ready NewMax Hybrid Ferry

by Naida Hakirevic Prevljak (Offshore Energy)  Swedish ferry company Stena Line has marked a milestone on its journey towards sustainable shipping with the steel-cutting ceremony for the first of its methanol-ready ‘NewMax’ hybrid ferries.   The construction began at China Merchants Jinling

Read Full Article

Green Ammonia Could Decarbonize 60% of Global Shipping When Offered at Just 10 Regional Fuel Ports

(IOP Publishing) A study published today in IOP Publishing’s journal Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability has found that green ammonia could be used to fulfil the fuel demands of over 60% of global shipping by targeting just the top 10 regional fuel ports. Researchers

Read Full Article

Korea Updates Laws to Promote Biofuels, Energy Security

by Sarah Giam and Yong Li Tng  (Argus Media) South Korea passed amendments to its laws on 9 January which will make it easier to produce biofuels via co-processing, refiners said. Refiners will no longer need to get government approval for co-processing,

Read Full Article

Viewpoint: Japan’s Marine Biofuels Lack Infrastructure

by Maiko Nakashima (Argus Media) The Japanese marine sector will face problems in using biofuels as a marine fuel in 2024 and beyond, because of a lack of delivery infrastructure, despite strong market interest. --  Japan's marine fuel consumption has gradually increased

Read Full Article

Global: ISCC Certifies Engine X to Trade Sustainable Biofuels

by Ian Taylor (Bunkerspot)  Global bunker trading firm ENGINE X has informed Bunkerspot that it has been certified by the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) system to trade sustainable biofuels. In a statement sent to Bunkerspot today (9 January), ENGINE X Supply Manager, Sid Mishra,

Read Full Article

Gasum Signs e-Methane Offtake Agreement with Nordic Ren-Gas

(Bioenergy Insight)  Gasum and Nordic Ren-Gas have signed an e-methane offtake agreement, the companies announced today (9 January). Nordic Ren-Gas’s Power-to-Gas plant in Tampere, Finland will produce 160 GWh of renewable e-methane annually, which Gasum will procure and distribute it to its

Read Full Article

Just 10 Sites Worldwide Have Methanol Bunkering Facilities

by Sam Chambers (Splash 247)  ... New research issued this week from Clarksons Research shows there are just 10 sites worldwide offering methanol bunkering, with another 11 under development. By contrast, for LNG, the other leading alternative fuel today, there

Read Full Article

Biofuels to Make up 6% of Road Transport by 2030: IEA

by Thomas Washington (S&P Global) Road transport to retain lion's share of liquid biofuels in 2030; FAME 0 at over $300/mt premium to LSGO futures; Oil demand in transport set to decline from 2026 Biofuel demand is forecast to expand to 6%

Read Full Article

Straits Energy Resources Unit Certified to Enter Marine Biofuel Industry

(The Edge Malaysia/Bernama) Bursa Malaysia-listed Straits Energy Resources Bhd said its subsidiary Tumpuan Megah Development Sdn Bhd is set to enter the marine biofuel trading and bunkering industry in the first quarter of 2024, after it was certified by the International Sustainability and Carbon

Read Full Article

AMAGGI Will Have Its First 100% Biodiesel B100 Farm

(AMAGGI) AMAGGI will take yet another important and innovative step towards the decarbonization of its operations. As of March 2024, the company will have its first farm where biodiesel (B100) will be the sole fuel used in machinery for operations. B100

Read Full Article

Color Line Switches to Biofuels to Slash Emissions by 85%

by Craig Eason  (Trade Winds News)  Ropax operator switches two of five vessels to locally sourced low-emission fuels  --  Norwegian ropax operator Color Line has spent the past month fuelling two of the company’s high-speed ferries with locally produced biofuel. The Oslo-listed shipping

Read Full Article

Danish Shipping: Over 80% of New Ship Tonnage to Sail on Green Fuels

by Naida Hakirevic Prevljak (Offshore Energy) More than half of new vessels currently being built for Danish shipping companies will be able to sail on green fuels, trade and employer association Danish Shipping said. -- Danish shipping companies currently have 67 new

Read Full Article

Making the Case for Marine Biofuels

by Michael Kass (Oak Ridge National Laboratory/Biodiesel Magazine)  The maritime industry is one of the most important transportation sectors, with more than 80% of all goods shipped via large container or cargo vessels that are powered using residual heavy fuel oil

Read Full Article

Straits Energy Resources Unit Certified to Enter Marine Biofuel Industry

(Bernama/The Star)  Bursa Malaysia-listed Straits Energy Resources Bhd said its subsidiary Tumpuan Megah Development Sdn Bhd is set to enter the marine biofuel trading and bunkering industry in the first quarter of 2024 after it was certified by the International Sustainability and Carbon

Read Full Article

Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners Signs MoU with Mexican Authorities for Helax Istmo, a Green Hydrogen Project

(Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners/Globe Newswire)  Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP), through its Growth Markets Funds II and Energy Transition Fund I, will develop Helax Istmo, a green hydrogen and green maritime fuels project in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, in Oaxaca, Mexico. Helax Istmo (“Helax”),

Read Full Article

Petrobras Begins New Round of Tests on Mixing Bunker and Biodiesel

(BiodieselBR (Google Translation))   Petrobras is advancing with tests of a new type of marine fuel oil (bunker) with 24% biodiesel. This Monday (11), a container ship operating on coastal shipping routes on the Brazilian coast was filled with 860 thousand liters

Read Full Article

Maersk signs MoU with City of Yokohama and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical on Development of Green Methanol Bunkering Infrastructure in Yokohama

(Maersk) A.P. Moller-Maersk (Maersk) announced today that the company has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the City of Yokohama and Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC). This collaborative agreement will focus on the development of green methanol bunkering infrastructure in Yokohama

Read Full Article

China Aims to Build More than Half the World's Cleaner-Fuel Ships by 2025

by by Chen Aizhu and Mei Mei Chu (Reuters)  China has set itself the goal of producing more than half of the world's ships powered by cleaner fuels by 2025, in guidelines published by the industry ministry on Thursday. It did not give

Read Full Article

Euronav to Buy CMB.TECH for $1.15 Billion

(Euronav/Marine Link)  Belgian tanker operator Euronav and its controlling shareholder CMB have entered into a share purchase agreement for the acquisition of 100% of the shares in cleantech maritime group CMB.TECH for $1.15 billion in cash. Euronav said the transaction is part

Read Full Article

NYK Conducts Long-Term Trial Use for Full-Scale Introduction of Biofuels Comprehensively Verifying Safety and Supply Chain

(NYK) Starting in fiscal 2024, NYK will conduct full-scale trials of long-term use of biofuels*, which are considered to have net-zero CO2 emissions, in navigating its existing heavy oil-fired vessels. Moving forward from the previous short-term trials, NYK will comprehensively verify

Read Full Article

Saudi Arabia’s ACWA Power Signs $4B Green Hydrogen Deal in Egypt

by Jack Dutton  (Al-Monitor)  The second phase of the project could produce 2 million metric tons per year, the statement said, without providing details on the timeline. -- Saudi Arabia’s ACWA Power has signed an agreement to develop a $4 billion green hydrogen project

Read Full Article

Integr8 Achieves ISCC EU Certification to Trade Sustainable Biofuels and Help Shipowners Prove Compliance.

(Integr8)  Integr8 achieves ISCC EU certification to trade sustainable biofuels and help shipowners prove compliance with environmental regulations. Integr8 Fuels has today announced they have been awarded certification from the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) scheme for the trading of biofuels.

Read Full Article

NYK, JERA, and Resonac Start Joint Study on Supplying Ammonia as Fuel to Vessels

(NYK Line) ... On December 12, NYK, JERA Co., Inc. (hereinafter "JERA"), and Resonac Holdings Corporation (hereinafter “Resonac") signed an agreement to jointly study the supply of ammonia as fuel to ships. As part of the Green Innovation Fund Project* of the

Read Full Article

The International Race for Biofuel Dominance Is Heating Up

by Felicity Bradstock (OilPrice.com) ... Biofuel is growing in popularity worldwide as governments and private companies look for alternative fuels to power their transport, shipping, and aviation sectors. Several new developments have been announced that will grow the production capacity of

Read Full Article

Wison Offshore & Marine’s FGMP Solution Receives Approval-in-Principle (AiP) from BV

(iMarine)  On December 6, Bureau Veritas (BV) issued an Approval-in-Principle (AIP) to Wison Offshore & Marine’s Floating Green Methanol Plant (FGMP) solution. This important milestone marks the recognition of the technical feasibility of Wison Offshore & Marine’s clean energy solution, and

Read Full Article

KPI OceanConnect, Titan Clean Fuels, and SFL Collaborate on Milestone LNG Bunkering Operation

(KPI OceanConnect) KPI OceanConnect, has collaborated with Titan Clean Fuels, and SFL to successfully complete the company’s first LNG bunkering operation for the newly built car carrier, the Emden, taking place in the Port of Emden. Executing an LNG cool down and bunkering operation entails

Read Full Article

KPI OceanConnect: Fujairah Joins Biofuel Bunkering Ports Club

by Naida Hakirevic Prevljak (Offshore Energy)  The UK-based marine energy solutions provider KPI OceanConnect has supplied two bulk carriers owned by India-based company ArcelorMittal Shipping with B24 very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) at the Port of Fujairah, the United Arab

Read Full Article

COP28: Global Shipping CEOs Call for Maritime Decarbonization 'Cornerstones'

by Surabhi Sahu (S&P Global)  Urge IMO to provide conducive regulatory environment; End date for new building of fossil fuel only ships critical; Revenue generated by GHG pricing mechanism to go to RD&D -- Chief executive officers of leading shipping lines worldwide issued

Read Full Article

Atlantic Area Ports to Explore the Use of Green Hydrogen-Based Technologies

by Ajsa Habibi (Offshore Energy)  A consortium of eleven partners from public and private entities from Spain, France, Ireland, and Portugal has kicked off a project that will carry out pilot tests for the application of hydrogen and methanol as an

Read Full Article

InfraVia Backed Molgas Becomes Titan’s Strategic Partner, with a Capital Injection for a 45% Stake

(Hellenic Shipping News) Titan Energy Holding, the parent company of Titan Clean Fuels (hereafter Titan) closed a successful funding round for a 45% equity stake with further follow-on rights from Molgas Energy, backed by infrastructure fund investor InfraVia Capital Partners. Molgas

Read Full Article

Global Energy Group’s Stellar Shipmanagement Takes Delivery of Singapore’s First Dedicated Methanol Bunkering Tanker, Dlassed by Bureau Veritas

(Bureau Veritas) Stellar Shipmanagement Services Pte Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Global Energy Group, has taken delivery of a 4,000 DWT IMO Type 2 Chemical and Oil Tanker, classed by Bureau Veritas. MT “MAPLE” is the first dedicated methanol

Read Full Article

Delivering Net Zero by 2050: The Cornerstones of Effective IMO Climate Regulations

(World Shipping Council/Biobased Diesel Daily) To deliver on the goal of net-zero emissions for shipping by 2050, the International Maritime Organization’s greenhouse-gas (GHG) regulations must rest on solid foundations. Liner shipping is committed to decarbonizing quickly and efficiently, and to support this

Read Full Article

Stepping into a More Sustainable Future with MAN Energy Solutions

(Scan Global Logistics) Decarbonising the supply chain is a joint effort. As a result of our long-standing partnership with MAN Energy Solutions (MAN ES) in Denmark, we have initiated a project to test and develop sustainable logistics solutions. The full project

Read Full Article

U.S. Department of Energy Announces Clean Energy Achievements at COP28

(U.S. Department of Energy)  This week, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy David M. Turk traveled to Dubai, United Arab Emirates for the 28th Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28), where he led the U.S.

Read Full Article

Optimistic Outlook: Biodiesel Producers in North America Have Their Eyes Set on Hitting a US Output Target of 6 Billion Gallons, Much Earlier than Originally Planned

(Biofuels International)  ... After securing a 3 billion/gallon output last year, production across the US is on track for 4 billion this year with power to add, according to Paul Winters, director of public affairs and Federal Communications for Clean Fuels

Read Full Article

CSL Leads Maritime Industry in Biofuel Adoption, Achieving Milestones in Decarbonization Efforts

(CSL Group/Globe Newswire) The CSL Group (“CSL”), a global leader in responsible marine transportation services, proudly announces a significant milestone in its Great Lakes biofuel program – one of the longest-running initiatives of its kind in the maritime industry. With a cumulative

Read Full Article

Suez Canal and Scatec sign $1.1 Billion Green Methanol Memorandum of Understanding

by Yusri Mohamed (Reuters)   Egypt's Suez Canal economic zone and Scatec ASA have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) worth $1.1 billion to supply ships with green fuel, a Suez Canal statement said on Sunday. The MoU agreed on the sidelines of

Read Full Article

COP28: Singapore's PIL and DP World to Decarbonize Shipping with Biofuel Shipments

by Samyak Pandey, Sampad Nandy and Aditya Kondalamahanty (S&P Global) Collaboration on trial between Jebel Ali Port and destinations within PIL's network; Future expansion into other ports within DP World's global network;  Includes other alternative fuels, such as e-LNG, green methanol, green

Read Full Article

Clean Fuels, ASA, NARA Applaud Bipartisan Renewable Fuel for Ocean-Going Vessels Act

(Clean Fuels Alliance America) Small change to RFS rules would open marine fuel markets to biodiesel and renewable diesel -- Today (December 7, 20923), Clean Fuels Alliance America, the American Soybean Association, and the North American Renderers Association (NARA) thanked Reps. Mariannette

Read Full Article

Wärtsilä Enables Acceleration of Marine’s Transition to Sustainable Fuels with Introduction of Four Methanol Engines

(Wärtsilä)  Technology group Wärtsilä will introduce another four methanol engines to its portfolio, setting a new industry benchmark with the broadest methanol engine portfolio currently on the market. In addition to the Wärtsilä 32 methanol engine launched last year, Wärtsilä will add the

Read Full Article

WinGD Signs Four-way Partnership to Deliver CMB.TECH Ammonia Engines

(WinGD)  Swiss marine power company WinGD has concluded a four-party agreement underwriting Belgian bulk carrier operator CMB.TECH’s order of X72DF‑A ammonia-fuelled engines. CSSC Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding (QBS) and engine builder CSSC Engine Co (CSE) were the other signatories in the joint

Read Full Article

Quadrise CEO Jason Miles Shares Breakthrough in Biofuel Technology - ICYMI

by Stephen Gunnion (ProActive)  In discussion with Proactive's Stephen Gunnion, Quadrise PLC (AIM:QED) CEO Jason Miles provided an update on the company's advancements in biofuel technology, particularly highlighting the successful fuel trial in Morocco and various other significant projects that underscore the company's commitment

Read Full Article

Monaco, Malaysia Could Explore Using Palm Oil Biofuel in Yachting Industry

 Monaco and Malaysia should explore opportunities using palm oil biofuel in the leisure marine industry, said chief executive officer of the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation Olivier Wenden. This would be in line with the global environmental, sustainability and governance

Read Full Article

Mayor Adams Unveils Plan to Make NYC First East Coast City to Transition City’s Heavy-duty Fleet Vehicles to Renewable Fuel

(City of New York)  By Mid-2024, All 12,600+ Heavy-Duty Vehicles in City’s Fleet Will Transition to Cleaner, Renewable Diesel Transition Will Replace Up to 16 Million Gallons of Fossil Fuel Every Year -- New York City Mayor Eric Adams and New York

Read Full Article

Decarbonising the Maritime Sector

by Valerie Ahrenst( Bunker Holding Group/Biofuels International)  In the quest for a greener and more sustainable future, the maritime industry has found itself at the forefront of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Union’s FuelEU Maritime regulation and the

Read Full Article

Bolloré Logistics Launches Biofuel Solution for Ocean Shipments

(Container News) Bolloré Logistics launches SEAalternative, an offer to reduce carbon impact of ocean shipments thanks to the use of biofuel, aiming to meet International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations for a 70% reduction in ocean freight CO2e emissions in 2050 compared to

Read Full Article

Greasezilla Fuel Established for Brown Grease Sales

(Industry Today) Greasezilla offers a service plan to manage sale of the system’s Brown Grease ABF for use as a renewable fuels feedstock.  --  Downey Ridge Environmental Company, developer of Greasezilla FOG (fats, oils & grease) separation and processing system, announces the

Read Full Article

Argus Launches First B24 Mediterranean Spot Price Assessment

(Argus Media/PR Newswire)  Adds to growing global suite of marine biodiesel prices -- Global energy and commodity price reporting agency Argus has launched a new Mediterranean marine biodiesel price assessment for B24, a blend of 24% used cooking oil methyl ester and

Read Full Article

H2SITE Has Commissioned the First On-Board Ammonia Cracking System Generating High-Purity Hydrogen Coupled with PEM Fuel Cell

(H2SITE/Business Wire)  • Maritime transport represents 2% of the global greenhouse gas emissions. Ammonia and methanol are the most promising carriers being explored for its decarbonization. H2SITE has produced pure hydrogen from ammonia on board, through a process called “Ammonia cracking”,

Read Full Article

Greener Shipping: China Can Bolster Global Climate Change Fight by Using Biofuel in Ships instead of Exporting It, Dutch Start-up 123Carbon Says

by Eric Ng (South China Morning Post) Start-up sees strong opportunities in China, 123Carbon’s Jeroen van Heiningen says 123Carbon won the top prize at this year’s Captain’s Table shipping and logistics innovation ideas pitching competition, held as part of last week’s Hong

Read Full Article

MMM Center and Chile Expand Collaboration to Back Green Fuel Production

by Fatima Bahtić (Offshore Energy) The Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Center for Zero Carbon Shipping and the Chilean Government have signed a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to expand their collaboration exploring new green corridor opportunities in Chile’s southernmost region to support

Read Full Article

Petrobras Signs an Agreement with European Energy to Assess the Business Opportunities for e-Methanol

(Petrobras)  Petrobras agreed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Danish company, European Energy, this Thursday (11/16), to investigate the business opportunities for developing an e-methanol plant in Brazil, on a non-binding basis. The agreement was signed in Denmark, at European Energy’s

Read Full Article

Gerdes Green Receives Government Subsidy for Damen Combi Freighter 3850 Green Innovations

(Damen)  On 4th October, Damen’s client Gerdes Green received a subsidy from the German Government for the investment in sustainable innovations for a Damen Combi Freighter (CF) 3850 currently under construction, as well as for a second vessel. Damen, together with Gerdes Green

Read Full Article

Maersk Signs Landmark Green Methanol Offtake Agreement, Significantly De-risking Its Low-Emission Operations in This Decade

(Maersk) Commercially viable long-term offtake agreement for annual volumes of 500KT to enable low carbon operations for the first 12 large methanol-enabled Maersk vessels on order.  First volumes expected in 2026. -- The offtake agreement between A.P. Moller - Maersk and Chinese

Read Full Article

KPI OceanConnect Distributes Biofuel Blend to OOCL

by Dom Magli (Port Technology International) KPI OceanConnect, a marine energy solutions provider, has announced the successful sale and supply of a B24 biofuel blend to Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL). The gasoline supply was reportedly coordinated by KPI OceanConnect’s staff in

Read Full Article

China Accelerates Biodiesel Demo Projects, Carbon Credit Methodologies

by Ivy Yin, Samyak Pandey, Oceana Zhou, Daisy Xu (S&P Global)  Big biodiesel exporter, weak domestic demand; Government calls for demos to build home demand; Loans, carbon profits 'not enough to drive demand'  --  China is to accelerate development of biodiesel demonstration projects and

Read Full Article

C2X Takes Important Step towards Large Scale Green Methanol Production in Spain

(C2X)  The first plant will be located in the Port of Huelva Service Area. -- C2X, a company aiming to establish large-scale green methanol production for multiple industries, has taken an important step towards the development of their second production site. After signing

Read Full Article

SWITCH Maritime Secures $10M to Expand Hydrogen and Electric Ferry Fleet in US

(SWITCh Maritime/Business Wire) SWITCH Maritime LLC, a US-based company developing electrified, zero-emission ferries powered by battery and hydrogen fuel cell, has raised $10 million in a Series A round led by Nexus Development Capital to grow its fleet. Founded in 2018

Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to Sustainable Ethanol Production Pathways

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) This past week Shrijant Rathi, executive director for Praj Americas, returned to the Digest stage for this fascinating deep-dive into new technologies that open up opportunities for ethanol producers through retrofit, bolt-ons or add-on technologies that

Read Full Article

IBIA: Guidelines for Alternative Bunker Fuels further Considered by IMO

(Manifold Times)  Draft guidelines for some alternative marine fuels require further work intersessionally for consideration and finalization at CCC 10 in September 2024 with a view to adoption at MSC 109 in December 2024. The International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA) on Friday

Read Full Article

GS Caltex Sells Its First Bio-Marine Gasoil Bunker in Singapore

by Jeslyn Lerh and Florence Tan (Reuters) GS Caltex Singapore Pte Ltd said on Monday it has sold its first cargo of biofuel-blended marine gasoil to Maersk Oil Trading (MOT) at the world's largest bunker hub Singapore as it seeks to

Read Full Article

America’s First Hydrogen-Powered Ferry Is Set to Sail

by Maria Gallucci (Canary Media) Switch Maritime aims to start operations early next year in San Francisco. It just raised $10M to help take zero-emissions ferries nationwide. -- America’s first hydrogen-fueled ferry is set to launch in San Francisco early next year after more

Read Full Article

Unlocking the Future with Biofuels: A Pathway to Sustainable Mobility Transformation

by Jim Lane/Praj (REenergize! the Gulf Coast)  In an era defined by environmental concerns and the urgent need to transition towards renewable energy sources, ethanol has emerged as a key contender in shaping the future of sustainable energy. Its multifaceted role

Read Full Article

Ethanol Industry's Impact on Local Economy, Carbon Capturing Could Create New Revenue Source

by Brittany Hardaway (WREX)  ... We're getting an inside look into the ethanol industry at Adkins Energy in Lena, Illinois.  Plant producers explain how a grain of corn is fueling the U.S. economy.  "We take corn in from local farmers, we end up

Read Full Article

Message from Brussels: Higher Ethanol Blends Are Pathway to Lower Carbon

(Clean Fuels Development Coalition)  Speaking before the World Ethanol and Biofuels Conference in Brussels, Belgium last week, the Clean Fuels Development Coalition’s Doug Durante said the pendulum will swing back to liquid fuels, and ethanol will be a key to lowering emissions in

Read Full Article

AuctionConnect Adds Marine Biofuels to Digital Platform

(KPI OceanConnect/Biobased Diesel Daily) Shipping faces a range of strict regulations that will drive it towards decarbonization.  For investors and shipowners, alternative fuels are an important pillar of compliance. Demand and supply need to be efficiently connected, if the market for these fuels

Read Full Article

PSA Singapore, Pacific International Lines Expand Collaboration to Decarbonize Global Supply Chain

(Pacific International Lines/Biobased Diesel Daily)  In a collective journey towards achieving net-zero greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, PSA Singapore (formerly known as the Port of Singapore Authority) and Pacific International Lines announced Nov. 1 that they have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU)

Read Full Article

VETUS D and M-Line Diesel Engines Gain HVO Approval

(VETUS)  As a trailblazer for sustainable boating, HVO compatibility propels VETUS further towards zero emission propulsion.  --  VETUS, creator of complete onboard boat systems, has announced that approval has now been granted to use Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) on its D and

Read Full Article

Petrobras Technology Enables Riograndense Refinery to Process 100% Renewable Feedstocks

(Petrobras) Test Unveils Pioneering Advancements in Biorefining on a Global Scale -- The Riograndense Petroleum Refinery (RPR) has accomplished a historic achievement by successfully processing 100% soybean oil in a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Unit at the Refinery. This milestone was made

Read Full Article

Biofuels and e-Fuels in Trucks Will Make It Harder for Aviation and Shipping to Go Green

(Transport & Enviroment) Including biofuels and e-fuels in road transport would reduce available volumes for hard-to-decarbonise sectors. -- The EU climate targets will slash demand for oil and gas. As a result, fuel suppliers are investing in e-fuels and biofuels to replace

Read Full Article

Oldendorff Study Finds Biofuels Stability and Degradation Issues

by Marcus Hand (Seatrade Maritime News)  A study commissioned by German shipowner Oldendorff Carriers shows stability and degradation issues for biofuels. --  ...  As part of a 2019 research agreement between Oldendorff and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Center for Bits

Read Full Article

Neste Partners with PTL Marine to Supply Renewable Diesel to Marine Customers across California

(Neste)  Neste is partnering with PTL Marine to provide Neste MY Renewable Diesel™ to the marine sector across the State of California. PTL Marine, a division of Pilot Thomas Logistics, is a leading provider of maritime fuel and lubricants, supplies and last-mile logistics. Through this

Read Full Article

Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets

(Biofuels Digest/Nuu Media) Low Carbon Fuels 2040: The Emerging Markets provides detailed case studies, updates and analysis of the key producers and developers participating in Renewable Diesel projects and Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) projects in the USA, Canada, Europe, Asia, and in South

Read Full Article

Global: Virgin Voyages Completes First Marine Biofuel Trial

by Rhys Berry (Bunkerspot)  Virgin Voyages has announced the successful completion of its first marine biofuel bunker trial. The brand’s Barcelona-based vessel, Valiant Lady, bunkered the fuel – a combination of 20% used cooking oil and 80% conventional heavy fuel oil - on

Read Full Article

Østensjø Rederi Offering Clients Biofuel Option

by Ian Taylor (Bunkerspot) Offshore services provider Østensjø Rederi has announced that it is now offering its clients the option to purchase ‘eco-friendly biofuel’ for contracts and single-vessel operations.  READ MORE

Read Full Article

Wallenius Wilhelmsen Bunkers Its First B30 HSFO-Biofuel Stem in South Korea

by Rhys Berry (Bunkerspot)  The M/V Torrens has become the first Wallenius Wilhelmsen vessel to bunker B30 high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO)-biofuel in South Korea. The pure car and truck carrier (PCTC) was fuelled during a scheduled call at the Port of Masan as

Read Full Article

Gentari Partners AM Green to Drive Large-Scale Green Hydrogen Production with Global Reach

(Gentari)  Gentari Sdn Bhd (Gentari), via its wholly-owned subsidiary Gentari International Renewables Pte Ltd, has entered into an agreement with AM Green BV (AM Green) to jointly invest, in phases, into a green ammonia platform, AM Green Ammonia Holdings BV (AMG

Read Full Article

Evergreen and CIP Team up to Explore Green Shipping Fuels

(Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners/Globe Newswire) Evergreen targets to achieve net-zero by 2050 in line with the International Maritime Organization’s GHC strategy. To do so, Evergreen has teamed up with the world’s largest fund manager within greenfield renewable energy, Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners for

Read Full Article

Shipping Industry Faces Two Alternative Decarbonisation Paths with Hydrogen-Based Fuels and Biofuels Vying for Prominence

(Lloyd's Register)  Lloyd’s Register Maritime Decarbonisation Hub analysis shows that e-ammonia could emerge as the most highly adopted maritime fuel amongst hydrogen-based fuels, whilst liquefied bio-methane dominates amongst biofuels.  -- In view of the maritime sector's strengthened commitments to reduce GHG emissions to

Read Full Article

Europe: Stena Oil Makes First Foray into Biofuel Bunkering

by Lesley Bankes-Hughes (Bunkerspot) On October 26, Stena Oil supplied biofuel to Oslo Wave 3, a 17,485 DWT cargo vessel operated by Dalarö Shipping. The B25 fuel supplied to the vessel was a blend of RME (25%) and marine gasoil (75%) which, according to

Read Full Article

Interview: Chevron's Robert Wolf on the Growing Popularity of Biofuel

(Maritime Executive)  Biofuel is one of the simplest options available for vessel operators to lower emissions today, without waiting for new equipment or new technology. According to the Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation, biofuel can cut net carbon emissions by 20

Read Full Article

Airbus Renews Its Transatlantic Fleet with Lower-Emission Ships

(Airbus) Airbus will renew the entire fleet of chartered vessels that transport aircraft subassemblies between production facilities in Europe and the United States with three modern, low-emission roll-on/roll-off vessels, supported by wind-assisted propulsion. Airbus has commissioned shipowner Louis Dreyfus Armateurs to build,

Read Full Article

Biodiesel Embraced by Marine Industry

by Jennifer Kiel (Farm Progress) The fuel offers an instant carbon reduction; state legislation is pending to incentivize biofuels. -- ... While it’s not zero carbon reduction, biodiesel is an instant carbon reduction that’s available now. “If you’re using 100% biodiesel, it would

Read Full Article

Biofuels Industry Criticises ‘Inconsistent’ Transport Decarbonisation Policy

by Sean Goulding Carroll (Euractiv.com) New EU rules to green the maritime and aviation sectors prohibit the use of crop-based biofuels on sustainability grounds, though the same fuels play a major role in decarbonising the bloc’s vehicle fleet. This differing approach to

Read Full Article

Vitol Targets Asia Biofuel Growth with Specialist Bunker Barges

(Vitol)  Vitol is strengthening its position in Asia’s expanding biofuel market, with the delivery of specialised bunker barges to Singapore in 2024. From early next year, Vitol through its wholly-owned subsidiaries V-Bunkers and Vitol Bunkers will be able to offer a range

Read Full Article

FincoEnergies Expands Its Sustainable Biofuels and Cecarbonization Solutions into the Americas Region

(Seanews) In a strategic move to extend its footprint in the Americas, FincoEnergies, a leading independent provider of energy and decarbonisation solutions for the heavy transport sector, has announced the expansion of its GoodFuels, GoodShipping, and GoodZero brands. The company has

Read Full Article

Alder Renewables Unlocks Carbon-Negative SAF via Miscanthus Breakthrough

by Tim Obitts and Derek Vardon (Alder Renewables/Biofuels Digest)  • Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) produced from miscanthus Alder Renewable Crude (ARC) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 110% compared to conventional fossil jet fuel.* A purpose-grown energy crop, miscanthus can store roughly half

Read Full Article

Demonstration Test on Marine Transportation of Copper Slag Using Biodiesel Fuel

(JX Metals) Pan Pacific Copper Co., Ltd. (President & Chief Executive Officer: Kazuhiro Hori; hereinafter "PPC"), a group company of JX Metals Corporation (President and Representative Director: Yoichi Hayashi; hereinafter "JX Metals"), and IINO Kaiun Kaisha, Ltd. (President and Representative Director:

Read Full Article

Inditex Partners with Maersk to Reduce Its Maritime Transport Emissions

(Maersk) The use of Maersk’s alternative fuels is estimated to reduce GHG footprint by more than 80% compared to conventional fossil fuels - - Inditex, parent company of fashion brands such as Zara and Massimo Dutti, has partnered with the freight group

Read Full Article

MPA: Bunker Suppliers Must Provide Proof of Sustainability with BDN for Biofuel Deliveries

(Manifold Times)  MPA licensed bunker suppliers, at the request of customers or owner of receiving vessel, must provide a POS or similar documentation from a recognised scheme together with the Bunker Delivery Note. The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) on

Read Full Article

Glander International Bunkering Completes First Biofuel Supply For Asphalt Tanker

(Glander International Bunkering) The global bunker trading firm teamed with Cepsa for transfer in Algeciras anchorage using B24 blend. -- On September 1, 2023, Glander International Bunkering successfully supplied 347MT of B24 FAME / FO blend to MT BITU ATLANTIC, a

Read Full Article

How Traders Can Capture Value in Sustainable Fuels

by Tapio Melgin, Agata Mucha-Geppert, Xavier Veillard, and Andrew Warrell (McKinsey & Company)  The sustainable-fuel market is nascent, complex, and growing fast. Traders that develop an in-depth understanding across different fuels, feedstocks, and regions can gain a competitive advantage. As countries around

Read Full Article

Peninsula Shanghai and Singapore Teams Fixes Bio Bunker Fuel Deal for Cosco

(Manifold Times) Trading teams recently combined to deliver 2,000 mt of UCOME-based B24 marine biofuel to Cosco container carrier “M/V Cscl Venus” through local Singapore physical supplier, Vitol Bunkers. -- Peninsula, the leading global independent marine energy supplier, has fixed its first

Read Full Article

Wasaline to Trial Biogas on Aurora Botnia One Day per Week

by Rebecca Gibson (Cruise and Ferry) Wasaline is to trial operating its ro-pax ferry Aurora Botnia using certified biogas one day per week between 13 October and the end of December 2023.  Aurora Botnia runs primarily on LNG fuel but will switch

Read Full Article

GS Caltex, POSCO, H-Line Shipping Team up to Introduce Ships Powered by Biofuel

by Ko Dong-hwan (Korea Times) Three companies involved in oil refining, steelmaking and shipbuilding have joined hands to introduce a fleet of ships running on marine biofuel to reduce carbon emissions. A senior official from the Supply and Trading Department at GS

Read Full Article

Kuehne+Nagel Launches Carbon Insetting for HVO, Electric Trucks to Be Included

(Kuehne+Nagel) New Book & Claim insetting solution for HVO complements the existing offer in Air and Sea Logistics; Electric vehicles to be included in the offer; Key accelerator to reduce emissions in the logistics industry, supporting Kuehne+Nagel’s Roadmap 2026     Kuehne+Nagel has launched

Read Full Article

Cepsa Bunkers Hapag-Lloyd’s Containership with Biofuel in Barcelona

by Fatima Bahtić (Offshore Energy)  Spanish supplier of energy for maritime transport Cepsa has undertaken the largest supply of second-generation biofuels to date at the Port of Barcelona. The operation was conducted on a 350-meter-long containership operated by Hapag-Lloyd. According to the

Read Full Article

Without Green Hydrogen Policy, Shipping and Aviation Will Never Get to Zero Emissions

(Sasha Coalition) All pathways to truly sustainable fuels for the shipping and aviation sectors require green hydrogen (produced from renewables), with some of them requiring carbon dioxide from sustainable sources like direct air capture (DAC), according to a report released today

Read Full Article
More than 50,000 articles in our online library!

Use the categories and tags listed below to access the nearly 50,000 articles indexed on this website.

Our Sponsors
FREE Subscription! Advanced Biofuels USA events calendar; policy and actions; education newsletters
Donate
ARCHIVES
CATEGORIES
tags
Advanced Clean Fleets Rule 100 octane 100% SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuel) 103 octane 105 octane 108 octane 109 octane 110 octane 113 octane 119 octane 2016 US House and Senate Campaigns 2016 US Presidential Campaign 2018 US Senate and House Campaigns Other Election Activities 2020 Election 2022 Election 2022 US Senate and House Campaign 2024 Election 2nd generation biofuels 3-D 3D printing 3rd generation biofuels 4-H 40A Biodiesel and Renewable Diesel Tax Incentive 40B Sustainable Aviation Fuel Tax Credit 45Q Carbon Oxide Sequestration Tax Credit 45V Hydrogen Production Tax Credit 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit 45Z Clean Fuel Production Tax Credit 48C Advanced Energy Project Tax Credit 4th generation fuels 7% solution 81 Octane 84 octane 85 octane 87 octane 88 octane 89 octane 90 octane 91 octane 92 octane 93 octane 94 octane 95 octane 96 octane 98 octane A20 (20% methanol/bioethanol) abatement abu Abu Dhabi acacia acetate acetic acid acetone acid acid hydrolysis adaptive evolution additional carbon additionality adequate/inadequate domestic supply Administrative Procedure Act adsorption Advanced Biofuel Payment Program advanced biofuel prices Advanced biofuels advanced biofuels production Advanced Clean Cars II Rule (ACC and ACCII) Advanced Clean Trucks Rule advanced ethanol advanced ethanol tax credit advertising campaign aerobic digestion aerosols Affordable Clean Energy Program (ACE) afforestation Afghanistan Africa AGARDA (Agriculture Advanced Research and Development Authority) agave aggregation Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP) agricultural economics Agricultural Policy Agricultural waste/residue Agriculture agrivoltaic/agrovoltaic agroforestry agrofuels agronomy Air Force air pollution control Air Pollution Policy air quality Aircraft engine emissions airports Alabama Alaska Albania albedo Alberta albizia alcohol fuel cells alcohol fuels alcohol-to-diesel alcohol-to-jet (ATJ)/ethanol-to-jet (ETJ) alfalfa algae algae contamination algae cultivation algae extraction algae harvesting algae parity algae separation algal biofuels Algeria Algiers alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) alkanes alkenes alkylate alligator fat almond almond hulls shells alternative energy vehicles alternative fuels Alternative Fuels Credit alternative fuels excise tax credit Alternative Fuels Tax Credit (AFTC) aluminum Amazon American Le Mans Series (ALMS) ammonia ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) ammonia fuel cell ammonia price ammonia terminal amylose anaerobic digestate anaerobic digester/digestion and Energy Use in Transportation Model Angola anhydrous ethanol animal bedding animal fat animal feed animal waste Antactica Antarctica antibiotics antitrust apple Appropriations APR (Aqueous Phase Reforming) aquaculture aquatic organisms Arabidopsis arabinose ARCA Archaea Architecture Arctic Argentian Argentiina Argentina Arizona Arkansas Armenia Army Corps of Engineers aromatics aromatics price ARPA-C ARPA-E ARPA-Terra arrandi artificial intelligence Aruba Asia Asia Pacific asphalt/bitumen ASTM ASTM 6866 ASTM D1655 ASTM D2880 ASTM D396 ASTM D4054 ASTM D4806 Denatured fuel ethanol ASTM D4814 ASTM D5798 ASTM D6751 ASTM D7467 (B6-B20) ASTM D7544 ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons) ASTM D7862 ASTM D7875 ASTM D7901 (DME-Dimethyl Ether for Fuel Purposes) ASTM D8076 ASTM D8181 ASTM D975 ASTM E3050 Denatured Ethanol for Cooking ASTM E3146 ASTM standards ASTM WK55232 (D02) ASTM WK63392 ATJ-SPK (Alcohol to Jet Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene) Atlantic Canada atmosphere Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Australia Australian pine Austria Auto manufacturer automotive aviation aviation fuel (SAF) benefits aviation fuel (SAF) mandates aviation fuel (SAF) price aviation fuel (SAF) production aviation fuel (SAF) pumps/delivery aviation fuel (SAF) tax credit aviation fuel (SAF) terminal Aviation Fuel/Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Aviation Gasoline/AvGas avocado award awards/recognition Azerbaijan. b B0 B10 B100 B100 pumps B11 B12 B12.5 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B19 B2 B20 B24 B25 B3 B30 B30RD10 B33 B35 B4 B40 B49 B5 B50 B50RD50 B6 B60 B7 B70 B75 B8 B80 B98 B99 Babados nut tree babassu bacteria bagasse Bahamas Bahrain bamboo banana banana stems Bangladesh bankruptcy Barbados barge barley barley fiber barley protein barley straw Basque batteries Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) bauxite beauty leaf tree beaver beer bees Belarus Belgium Belize Benin benzene Bermuda Bhutan big bluestem big data Big Food Big Oil/Oil Majors BIGoil billion ton study bio Bio LPG (Bio Liquid Petroleum Gas) bio-based diesel benefits bio-based economy Bio-CNG pumps Bio-CNG/RNG terminal bio-LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG Pumps (Liquified Natural Gas) Bio-LNG terminal bio-natural gas bio-NGV (natural gas for vehicles) bio-oil/pyrolysis oil bio-SPK (bio derived synthetic paraffinic kerosene) biobased Biobased Market Access and Development Grants Biobased Markets Program biobased materials Biobased Product Manufacturing Assistance Program biochar biochemical conversion BioChemicals/Renewable Chemicals biociiesel bioconversion Biocrude/Green Crude/SynCrude biodegradable biodiesel biodiesel blend wall biodiesel EN 14214 Biodiesel Fuel Education Program biodiesel pipeline biodiesel prices biodiesel production biodiesel pumps biodiesel quality biodiesel standards biodiesel tax credit biodiesel technologies biodiesel terminal biodiversity bioeconomy bioelectricity bioelectrochemical conversion bioenergy Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) biofoundry Biofuel biofuel cells biofuel consumption Biofuel Crops biofuel distribution Biofuel Infrastructure Partnership (BIP) biofuel producer tax credit biofuel production biofuel tax credit Biofuels Directive biofuels education Biogas Biogas pipeline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline Biogasoline/Renewable Gasoline pumps biogenic carbon biogenic emissions Bioheat biohydrocarbons biohydrogen BioIsoprene BioMADE biomanufacturing biomass Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS) Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP) biomass hydrolysis biomass recalcitrance Biomass Research and Development initiative (BRDI) biomass sorghum Biomass to Liquid (BTL) biomass transportation biomaterials bioplastics biopower Biopreferred bioproducts biopropene bioprospecting BioRefineries/Renewable Fuel Production Biorefinery Assistance Program (BAP) old 9003 Biorefinery Renewable Chemical Biobased Product Mfgr Assistance 9003 Program BioRenewable-1 (BR-1) BioSNG Biotechnology birch bitter orange black carbon black grease black liquor black locust black soldier fly Blend wall blender blender pumps Blenders Credit blending blendstock blockchain blue carbon boat fuel boiler/furnace fuel Bolivia bolt-on Bonaire bonds book-and-claim border tax Borneo Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana BQ-9000 Brachiaria bracken brackish water brash Brassica Brazil breweries brine British Columbia broker brown grease brownfields Brunei Btu's BTX (Benzene Toluene Xylene) Bu12.5 Bu16 Budget building block chemicals Bulgaria bunker bunker oil Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Burkina Faso Burma Burundi buses Business and Industry Program (B&I) business law business resources Business/General Aviation butadiene butandeiol (bio-BDO) Butane butanediol butanol emissions butanol/biobutanol butyl acetate butylene butyric acid by c C1 C2 C21 C3 sugar C5 sugar C6 sugar Cabo Verde cactus cactus pear cagaita calibration California California Air Resources Board (CARB) Calophyllum hawthorn Cambodia Camelina camels Cameroon Canad Canada Canary Islands canary reed grass canarygrass candle nut cannabis canola straw Canola/Rapeseed cap-and-invest cap-and-trade capybara capybras carbohydrates carbon carbon capture and storage (CCS) carbon capture and utilization (CCU) carbon cost carbon credit carbon credit markets carbon cycle carbon debt Carbon Dioxide (CO2) carbon efficiency carbon emissions carbon fiber carbon insets Carbon Intensity (CI)/Carbon Footprint carbon life cycle carbon markets Carbon Monoxide (CO) carbon negative carbon neutrality carbon offsets carbon pipeline carbon price carbon recycling carbon removal carbon sink carbon standard carbon tax Carbon tax border adjustments carbon tax-and-dividend carbon terminal carbon user fee Carbon Utilization and Biogas Education Program carbon-14 testing carbon-efficient fuels carbon/CO2 sequestration carcinogens cardoon Caribbean carinata carinata/brassica carinata carob CAS Registry cashew cashew apple Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) CASI Cassava cassava price cassava pulp cassava stalk castor bean castor stalk catalysis catalysts catalytic decarboxylation catalytic hydrothermal conversion catalytic hydrothermal conversion-to-jet (CHCJ) catalytic hydrothermal gasification catalytic hydrothermolysis jet CHJ pathway cattails cattle cavitation CBD (cannabidiol) CBG (compressed biogas) cell culturing cellulase enzymes cellulose cellulosic biofuel Cellulosic biomass cellulosic diesel Cellulosic ethanol cellulosic ethanol price cellulosic feedstock cellulosic production tax credit cellulosic sugars Cellulosic Tax Credit cellulosic waiver credit cement Central African Republic Central America Certificate Program Certificates of Origin (COs) certification certification fuels cesium cetane Chad change in soil condition charging stations CHCJ-5 chemical-looping hydrogen method Chesapeake Bay chicken feathers chickens Chile Chili China chitin chp chromium chufa/cyperus esculents/nutsedge CIA circular economy citrus citrus greening disease Citrus Peel clean air Clean Air Act (CAA) clean diesel Clean Fuel Standard/Policy (CFS) Clean Heat Standards Clean Power Plan (CPP) Clean Trucks Plan Clean Water Act climate change Climate Change Adaptation climate change effects climate change mitigation climate legislation climate smart/conservation agriculture closed-loop system Clostridium thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen price hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts nanocellulose nanomaterials naphtha/bionaphtha/renewable naphtha naphthene NASCAR National Academies of Science National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) National Energy Council National Environmental Policy Act National Guard National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oilheat Research Alliance National Park Service National Research Council National Science Foundation (NSF) national security National Security Council National Transportation Safety Board National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) Native American/American Indian/First Nation Tribes natural gas Natural Gas Act natural gas input natural gas prices natural gas vehicles natural gasoline Navy Nebraska neem negative carbon emissions NEN 7427-1 neodymium Nepal net energy balance Netherlands Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis photoelectrochemical photolysis photosynthesis phragmites pigeon pea pilot pilot scale pine pine beetle pine needles pine nut pineapple Pineapple leaf pinion Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin (PHMSA) pipelines Pistacia chinensis PLA plant cell research plant cell walls plant oil plastic plastic-to-jet platinum Plug-in Flex Fuel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) plume grass Poand podcasts Poland poli Policy politics pollinators pollution pollution control polyethylene polyfuel polymer polymerization polysaccharides pomace pomegranates pongamia pongamia pinnata poplar poppy population control Portable refinery Portugal poster sessions potamogeton potassium potato poultry litter/waste power power-to-x/gas/liquid prairie grasses pre-processing precision farming/agriculture precursors/biointermediates premium gasoline Pretreatment pretreatment equipment price price of water prickly pear Prince Edward Island process flow diagram producer tax credit Production tax credit productivity project insurance propagating Propane/Biopropane/Renewable Propane propane/renewable propane pumps propanol property insurance propylene protectionism protein protests proton exchange membrane (PEM) public comments public health policy Puerto Rico pulp Pulp/Paper Mill pump retrofit kit pumps/fueling station pungam Punnai tree pyrolysis pyrolytic liquefaction Q-RIN QAP Qatar quality assurance Quality Assurance Plans (QAPs) quality improvement quantum dots Quebec Queensland quote of the week r R Factor R100/RD100 R33 R5 R95B5/RD95B5 R99/RD99 rabbits race radiata pine radish leaves Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing railroad rain tree rainforest ranchers RAND rare earth metal/critical minerals RD10 RD100 RD20 RD3 RD30 RD40 RD50 RD55 RD80 RD80B20 RD99 reclaimed mine lands recycled oil recycled plastics recycling red algae redcedar Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) refineries reforestation Reformate regenerative braking regenerative farming Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) Regulated Emissions regulations Regulations-Federal Regulations-State Regulatory Enhancement Growth Support (REGS) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) remediation remediation rice straw Renewable Chemical renewable chemical producer tax incentive renewable chemical production tax credit renewable diesel pipelines Renewable Diesel Production renewable diesel pumps renewable diesel tax credit renewable diesel terminal Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel price Renewable Diesel/Green Diesel/HVO/Paraffinic Diesel Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Directive (RED/RED II/RED III) Renewable Energy Standard Renewable Energy to Fuels through Utilization of Energy-Dense Liquids (REFUEL) renewable fuel renewable fuel oil (RFO) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS and RFS2) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) revisions/repeal Renewable Fuels Directive (EU) renewable fuels of non-biological origin (RFNBO) renewable gasoline blendstock renewable marine diesel Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) price Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) pumps Renewable Portfolio Standards Renewable Power Standard Renewable Synthesized Iso-Paraffinic Fuels (SIP) Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) renewable volume obligation (RVO) REnova RenovaBio replacement molecules Repowering Assistance Program Republic of Congo repurpose research and development research facility resiliency resource depletion resurrection grass retail retrofit return on investment Reverse Water-gas Shift RFI (Request for Information) RFS "reset" RHD100 Rhizosphere Observations Optimizing Terrestrial Sequestration (ROOTS) Rhode Island rhododendron Ricardo rice rice bran rice bran oil rice hulls rice husks rice price rice straw/paddy straw RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) RIMPAC RINs (Renewable Identification Numbers) RINs markets RINs price risk management RJ-4 RJ-6 RME (rape methyl ester) RME180 RNA (Ribonucleic acid) RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae second-generation biofuel income tax credit Section 526 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seed husks seed-to-wheel Senegal Serbia sesame sewage Seychelles shale shale gas shale oil shark oil sheep shellfish shipping shipping containers shipworm siam weed Sierra Leone silage silica Silphie/cup plant/Indian cup silver silver maple simarouba Singapore Singpore sisal SK slash Slovakia Slovakia/Slovak Republic Slovenia sludge Small Business Administration Small Business Innovatin Research (SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program small engines small refinery exemption (SRE) smog smokestack soap soapstock Social social benefit investing social cost social value social venture Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) soi soil soil amendments soil carbon soil health soil microbial biomass solar energy solar energy-to-chemical conversion solar fuel solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) solaris Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Solomon Islands Solutions solvent liquefaction Somalia soot sorghum sorghum oil sorghum stover South Africa South America South Australia South Carolina South Dakota South Korea South Pacific South Sudan Southeast Asia Southern Africa Soviet Union SOx (Sulfur oxides) soy meal soybean hulls soybean prices soybeans Spain spartina specifications Spekboom Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) sprawl spruce Sri Lanka Stakeholders standards start-up State Department Statistics steam explosion steam methane reformation steam reformation steel stevia stillage storage tanks Straight (pure) Vegetable Oil (SVO or PVO) stranded assets Strategic Bioenergy Reserve STrategiv Petroleum Reserve straw students su sub-Saharan Africa sub-sim (substantially similar) succinic acid sucrose Sudan sugar Sugar Beets/Energy Beets Sugar kelp sugar palm sugar platform sugar prices sugar standards sugar-to-biodiesel sugar-to-farnesane sugar-to-jetfuel sugarcane sugarcane prices sugarcane straw sugars sugars-to-fats sulfur Sumatra sunflower sunflower stalks supercritical fluid supercritical hydrolysis supply agreements supply chain Supreme Court surahart Surface Transportation Board Suriname Sustainability Swaziland Sweden sweet potatoes Sweet sorghum sweetgum swine waste Switchgrass Switzerland sycamore syngas (synthesis gas) syngas/gas fermentation SYNHH synthesised aromatic kerosene (SAK) synthetic biology synthetic diesel synthetic gasoline synthetic kerosene synthetic liquified gas (SLG) synthetic methane/e-methane synthetic natural gas Syria Tailoring Rule Taiwan Tajikistan tall fescue tall oil tallow tallow tree tamanu/nyamplung Tamarix tank cars tank-to-wheel tanker trucks tankers Tanzania tar sands tariffs taro Tasmania tax benefit tax credits tax incentives tax parity tax policy taxes tea teach teach-the-teacher teacher teacher resources teacher training tech transfer technical course Technical Readiness Levels techno-economic analysis technology transfer telephone utility poles Tennessee termites terpenes terrestrial carbon testing Texas textbook Thailand theft therapeutics Thermal catalytic depolymerization (TCD) thermal deoxygenation thermocatalytic conversion thermochemical conversion thermochemical liquefaction Tibet Tier 3 Tier 4 tilapia tillage Timor-Leste tires tobacco tobacco tree Togo Tokyo toluene Tonga tool Toronto torrefaction totai Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) trade trade dispute/discrimination trade group trade organization Trade Policy trade secrets training trains transesterification transgenics transition Transportation Fuels Policy Transportation Fuels Policy--Municipal Transportation Fuels Policy--State Transportation Policy travel policy Treasury Department trees Trinidad and Tobago triticale trucks tubers tugboats tung tunicate Tunisia Tunsia Turkey U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) UCOME (Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester) Uganda UK (United Kingdom) UK Emission Trade Scheme (UK ETS) Ukraine Ukriane UL (Underwriters Laboratory) ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO) Ultra-low-carbon bioethanol underground storage tanks (UST) UNESCO UNIDO (United National Industrial Development Organization) United Arab Emirates (UAE) United Nations (UN) United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) United States Auto Club Unleaded 88/E15 uranium urban sprawl urbanization Uruguay US Agency for International Development (USAID) US Army US ethanol exports US Geological Survey US Product Safety Commission USAC USAID USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) used cooking oil (UCO) used motor oil used railroad ties ustain Utah utilities utility model Uzbekistan value chain Value Stack vanadium Vancouver Vanuatu Vatican VEETC vegetable oils vehicles miles traveled (VMT) Velocys Venezuela Vermont vetiver Victoria video Vietnam vinasse vinegar vineyard waste Virgin Islands. virgin oils Virginia viruses vlsfo VLSFO (very low sulfur fuel oil) volatile fatty acids (VFA) volunteers VTOL (vertical take-off and landing aircraft) Vulcanol w waiver Wales warranty Washington Washington DC waste waste alcohol Waste CO2 waste heat waste management waste oil waste paper waste vegetable oil waste-to-chemicals Waste-to-Energy waste-to-fuel wastewater water water consumption water footprint water hyacinth water policy water pollution water quality water treatment water vapor watermeal watermelon wax weather well-to-wheel West Africa West Coast West Java West Virginia Western Australia wet distillers grain wet extraction What You Can Do wheat wheat bran wheat fiber wheat prices wheat straw wheatgrass whey whisky white grease White House wildlife habitat willow wind energy wine wastage/grape marc winter crops Wisconsin Wisdonsin women Wood woody biomass World Bank World Trade Organization (WTO) Wyoming XTL xylan xylene xylose yard waste yeast yellow grease yellowhorn tree Yemen Yields Yukon Zambia Zanzibar zein zeolites zero-carbon bioethanol Zimbabwe zinc zoning

© 2008-2024 Copyright Advanced BioFuels USA. All Rights reserved.