Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Project Unveiled in Texas, with Plan to Produce Clean Rocket Fuel for Elon Musk

by Leigh Collins (ReCharge)  The 60GW Hydrogen City project, announced by local start-up Green Hydrogen International, will be powered by wind and solar, with an on-site salt cavern for H2 storage  --  US start-up Green Hydrogen International (GHI) has announced a 60GW

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Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels Launches

(Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels/Biomass Magazine) Canadian aviation industry leaders are joining forces to create the Canadian Council for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (C-SAF), whose mission is to accelerate the deployment of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) in Canada to ensure that the Canadian

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Beyond Fossil Carbon? Green Electricity Is Opening Doors to Low-Emission Alternatives for Making Fuels and Chemicals

by Erik F. Ringle (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  With Extensive Data, Broad Analyses, and Detailed Models, NREL Scientists and Collaborators Stake the Boundaries of Producing Chemicals and Fuels From Carbon Dioxide, Biomass, and Renewable Electricity -- ... In fact, growing supplies of

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Infinium™ Enters into Strategic Alliance with Denbury for Ultra-Low Carbon Fuels Projects in Texas, Continuing Development Momentum

(Infinium)  Innovative electrofuels technology is aimed at decarbonizing the transportation sector -- Infinium, a clean fuels innovator, announced today that the company has entered into a strategic alliance with US energy leader Denbury (NYSE: DEN) to collaborate on developing ultra-low carbon

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Engineered Bacteria Produce Chemicals with Negative Carbon Emissions

by Chen Ly (New Scientist)  Bacteria have been modified to produce chemicals found in paint remover and hand sanitiser from carbon dioxide in the air, meaning they have negative emissions compared with traditional industrial methods --  Bacteria engineered to turn carbon dioxide

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Breakthrough in Converting CO2 into Fuel Using Solar Energy

(Lund University/Carbon Capture Magazine) A research team led by Lund University in Sweden has shown how solar power can convert carbon dioxide into fuel, by using advanced materials and ultra-fast laser spectroscopy. The breakthrough could be an important piece of the

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'Prime Example': Petrol Changes Could Be Made after Motorsport Use of Sustainable Fuels

by Felix Reeves (Express)  Motorsport events could help biofuels and sustainable fuels evolve for further use in general settings, including all petrol cars in the UK. -- Bespoke fuels could be used as a direct replacement for unleaded petrol in almost any

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An Introduction to Sustainable Aviation Fuels -- Part 1 of a Series, "Sustainable Aviation Fuels: A Critical Emissions Mitigation Strategy Gaining Momentum"

by Jeff Overton (Environmental and Energy Study Institute)  ... Aviation is a difficult sector to decarbonize. The enormous energy required to fly a heavy aircraft long distances takes an energy dense power source that liquid hydrocarbon fuel provides. Battery technology for

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Honeywell Introduces New Technology to Produce Key Feedstock for Plastics

(Honeywell UOP) Honeywell UOP Ecofining™ process produces bio-naphtha with reduced CO2 footprint compared to products using petroleum-based feedstocks for use as petrochemical feedstock -- ... Prior to the introduction of renewable naphtha solution, the UOP Ecofining technology has been used to

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Electrofuels Innovator Infinium™ Announces Strategic Partnership with Industry Leader ENGIE for One of the Largest Announced Commercial Scale E-fuels Facilities in Europe

(Infinium™/PR Newswire) New 'Reuze' project will convert more than 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide waste annually into e-fuels for shipping and aviation in Europe; French utilities provider ENGIE reinforces commitment to ultra-low carbon electrofuels technology from Infinium -- Infinium, a

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And the Winners Are…: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to SHV Energy’s Innovation Challenge

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) 5 million tons of CO2 reduction by 2025 and 100% of their energy products to be from renewable sources in 2040 are part of SHV Energy’s ambitions. How does renewable propane and bioLPG fit in?

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Overcoming a Bottleneck in Carbon Dioxide Conversion

by David Chandler  (MIT News) Study reveals why some attempts to convert the greenhouse gas into fuel have failed, and offers possible solutions. -- If researchers could find a way to chemically convert carbon dioxide into fuels or other products, they

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United Arab Emirates: TotalEnergies Joins Masdar and Siemens Energy in Initiative to Drive Green Hydrogen Development and Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(TotalEnergies)  TotalEnergies, Masdar and Siemens Energy sign collaboration agreement at Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week 2022 to act as co-developers on green hydrogen project; Project aims to establish demonstrator plant at Masdar City for green hydrogen production to convert carbon dioxide

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UD and LSU Collaborate to Advance Manufacturing Technologies that Employ Carbon Dioxide and Renewable Energy

by Karen B. Roberts (University of Delaware)  ... One hurdle that keeps promising CO2 electrolyzer technologies in academic laboratories rather than being scaled for industrial use — where they could make a dent in our carbon dioxide emission problem — is

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Microalgal Crops: The Digest’s 2022 Multi-Slide Guide to MicroBio

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) From algal-based wastewater treatment plants and purification ponds with biofuels/co-products in California to aviation fuels and algae strain improvements, MicroBio is leading R&D and innovation of microalgae cultivation for bio products. Get all the

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The Bioeconomy Jump to Light Speed: 10 Storylines Shaking the World: Exxon, J-M, KLM, UGI, Amyris, Tesla, Origin, More

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) In recent days, we’ve had 10 stories that shook the world. The players are so big, the technologies so ambitious, the scale so huge and the risks in some cases so high — we’ve grouped them

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Novozymes to Deliver on Strategy with Carbon Capture Collaboration Agreement

(Novozymes)  Novozymes launched its 2025 strategy with a clear objective to explore new growth opportunities. The company is now delivering on its strategy by entering a collaboration agreement with Saipem, a leading engineering company, to deliver new biotech solutions for

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Johnson Matthey Launches HyCOgen, an Enabling Technology to Efficiently Convert CO2 and Green Hydrogen into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

(Johnson Matthey/PR Newswire) - Launch of HyCOgen will play a key role in enabling captured CO2 and green hydrogen to be converted into sustainable aviation fuel; - In combination with FT CANSTM technology, Johnson Matthey delivers an integrated, scalable solution Johnson Matthey, a global leader in sustainable technologies, has launched

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New IEAGHG Report: 2021-02 CO2 as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

(IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Program) A range of carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed, including amine-based routes and calcium looping methods, some of which are now considered to be at technology readiness level (TRL) 9. These technologies have been deployed

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Progress in Commercialization of Biojet /Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF): Technologies, Potential and Challenges

by Susan van Dyk and Jack Saddler (IEA Bioenergy Task 39) Biojet/ Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) must play a major role if the aviation sector is to significantly reduce its carbon footprint. To meet its carbon reduction targets, large volumes

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Top 10 Slide Guides of 2021

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) As we wrap up 2021 this week, The Digest brings you the hottest Top 10 slide guides from this past year – with key themes like carbon upcycling, ethanol to hydrogen, renewable diesel and jet

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USDA Secretary Vilsack Meets with GE Aviation on Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce CO2

by Jay Stowe (GE Aviation/Biobased Diesel Daily) After leading USDA Secretary Tom Vilsack on a tour of the engine development assembly facility at GE Aviation’s headquarters in Evendale, Ohio, in early December, chief engineer Chris Lorence posed a rhetorical question to

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Recycling CO2: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to LanzaTech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Dr. Sean Simpson, CSO at LanzaTechshared this illuminating slide guide on CO2 pathways to products, how the LanzaJet platform works, how they integrate engineering with biology and AI, why we need to rethink carbon and

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Revolutionary Renewables: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Avantium

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Did you know Avantium’s two lead products are FDCA, the chemical building block for PEF, a novel, plant-based polyester targeting $200+ billion markets and PlantMEG, a plant-based alternative for fossil-MEG, a key ingredient for PET

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All About CO2 in Energy Transition: The Digest's 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon Capture and Sequestration

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  With Net Zero Pledges, there are projects, projects everywhere to ensure the world meets its carbon reduction goals through new fuels & energy, or carbon capture & sequestration. Check out this slide guide from DigestConnect

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Forget Sci-Fi—This NREL Biotechnology Could Actually Help Colonize Mars

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)  In the Push To Settle the Red Planet, One Startup Company Thinks NREL’s Ethylene-Emitting Cyanobacteria Offer Otherworldly Potential  -- Do not expect to breathe freely in the oxygen-lean Martian air. At about 95% carbon dioxide (CO2) by

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Let’s Call It Renewable Synthetic LNG

(SEA-LNG) SEA-LNG exists to support the ongoing development of the LNG decarbonisation pathway and is dedicated to helping shipping thrive through the energy transition. The end goal of this pathway, to deliver net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, requires the production of

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CDR: Carbon Capture and Storage, Part I and Part II

(Carbon Now)  What if we could remove the carbon we have emitted into the atmosphere? Can we capture our CO2 emissions before they are even released? In Part I of our two-part Carbon Capture and Storage series, our host Dr. Ozak Esu

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New Technique Improves Conversion of Carbon Dioxide Into Liquid Fuels

(Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)  A copper surface coated with layered thin films helps to create useful chemicals from a polluting greenhouse gas  -- Carbon dioxide (CO2), a product of burning fossil fuels and the most prevalent greenhouse gas, has the potential to

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Auburn Projects Receive $1.6 Million in Latest Round of State Research Development Funding

by Mitch Emmons (Auburn University)  Auburn University has been awarded $1.6 million in research grants from the state of Alabama through the Alabama Research Development and Enhancement Fund. The grants, administered by the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, are earmarked

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New IEAGHG Report: 2021-02 CO2 as a Feedstock: Comparison of CCU Pathways

(IEAGHG) A range of carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed, including amine-based routes and calcium looping methods, some of which are now considered to be at technology readiness level (TRL) 9. These technologies have been deployed across the world in

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New International Collaboration Aims to Start Large-Scale Production of E-fuels in Sweden

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) A major partnership has been formed by SAS Scandinavian Airlines, Swedish energy company Vattenfall, Shell Aviation and LanzaTech to explore the large-scale production in Sweden of synthetic sustainable aviation fuel, using carbon dioxide recycled from

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Advanced Biofuels Coalition LSB Position: Fit for 55 to Unleash the Full Potential of Advanced Low Carbon Fuels

(Advanced Biofuels Coalition) The Advanced Biofuels Coalition LSB, representing the leading companies in the advanced biofuels industry, strongly supports the EU target for climate-neutrality by 2050 and the need for more ambitious 2030 intermediate targets. We believe that our sector will play

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State of Advanced Biofuels & Biorefining

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  Check out remarks from Jim Lane, Editor & Publisher of The Digest on rationale, forecast, the top news and storylines, feedstocks, genetics, crops, supply chain and more on the state of advanced biofuels and

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The Future of DAC Is Knocking: How We Innovate toward Gigaton-Scale Carbon Removal

by Peter Minor (Carbon 180)  In discussions of promising carbon removal technologies, direct air capture (DAC) can often steal the limelight. That tracks with the industry narrative: a futuristic technology that will cheaply “solve” climate change by literally sucking CO₂

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Liquid Fuels from Carbon Dioxide: Electrocatalyst Converts CO2 into Multicarbon Products

(Phys.org) A new electrocatalyst called a-CuTi@Cu converts carbon dioxide (CO2 ) into liquid fuels. As reported by a team of Chinese researchers in the journal Angewandte Chemie, active copper centered on an amorphous copper/titanium alloy produces ethanol, acetone, and n-butanol with high efficiency. Most of

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CMA CGM, ENGIE to Develop bioLNG & Synthetic LNG for Shipping Sector

(CMA CGM/Engie/NGV Journal) The CMA CGM Group and ENGIE have committed to working together to advance the energy transition by championing the industrial-scale production and distribution of synthetic methane and bio-LNG that can be used by the shipping sector.. Both companies

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SkyNRG Americas Highlights Pathway to Global Aviation's Sustainable Future During COP26 Climate Summit

(SkyNRG Americas/PR Newswire) - Urges aviation stakeholders to coalesce around a shared vision that materially reduces the industry's environmental footprint -  SkyNRG Americas, a leader in sustainable aviation fuel ("SAF") and pioneer of SAF sourced from biogas methane, today reinforced the

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EU’s Strict Green Criteria for Biofuels Will Hinder Supply, MEPs Warn

by Sean Goulding Carroll (EURACTIV.com) The EU’s “restrictive” approach to biofuels sustainability criteria will harm producers’ ability to meet increased demand for green fuels coming from the transport sector, says Henna Virkkunen, a Finnish lawmaker in the European Parliament. Speaking at a

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Lummus and Braskem Partner to License Technology for Two Green Ethylene Projects

(Lummus Technology/PR Newswire) -Lummus and Braskem execute MoU for joint licensing two projects of leading technology to produce green ethylene from ethanol based on Braskem's process operated at their plant in Triunfo, Brazil - Leveraging Lummus and Braskem's extensive experience and

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Electrofuels Advance: Vattenfall, SAS, Shell, LanzaTech, US Air Force, Emerging Fuels Technology and Twelve Advance on Power-to-Liquids via Waste CO2

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) It’s a simple idea, using renewable electricity to induce carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons, you know, the stuff we burn as liquid fuel and from which we make plastics, fabrics, flavors, fragrances,

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Premiere: Covestro at the China International Import Expo (CIIE) in Shanghai -- Pioneering Work for the Circular Economy and a Climate-Neutral Future

(Covestro) Broad portfolio of technologies, products and solutions --  Covestro is experiencing a premiere this year: the company will be represented for the first time at the China International Import Expo (CIIE), an important national import fair for China in Shanghai.

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Using Microbes to Make Carbon-Neutral Fuel

by Talia Ogliore (The Source)  Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have discovered a new way to train microbes to make a readily usable biofuel. A team of biologists and engineers modified a microbe called Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1) so that it can

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CEMEX Invests in Pioneer Solar Technology

(CEMEX)  CEMEX Ventures joins a select group of leading global investors supporting Synhelion. Starting in 2020, CEMEX and Synhelion began developing an innovative solar-driven technology that aims to eliminate fossil fuels and the carbon footprint in the clinker manufacturing process. CEMEX, S.A.B.

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SAS, Vattenfall, Shell and LanzaTech to Explore Synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production

(Vattenfall/CISION)  Vattenfall, SAS, Shell and LanzaTech will together investigate the production of the world's first synthetic sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) using the LanzaJetTM "Alcohol to Jet" technology on a large scale in Sweden. Instead of using virgin fossil material in the production process, the synthetic SAF will be

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A Digest Exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk, Shell Aviation

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) From SAF size and scale, Shell’s plans for scaling up, fuel use and blends and more, check out this Digest exclusive Q&A with Bryan Stonehouse, Head of Aviation Sustainability & Risk at Shell Aviation. ... Shell recently

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Rolls-Royce, Airbus and Shell Call for Greater Ambition beyond 10% SAF Usage by 2030 Target

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) In the lead up to COP26, Rolls-Royce, Airbus and Shell are calling for further ambition and collaboration across the aviation sector, and together with governments, to enable the transition of long-haul aviation towards net zero

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Making Martian Rocket Biofuel on Mars

(Georgia Institute of Technology/Phys.Org) Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a concept that would make Martian rocket fuel, on Mars, that could be used to launch future astronauts back to Earth. The bioproduction process would use three resources native

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Smell that Smell! Perfume Made from CO2 Derived Ethanol, Poop Pigments, Cell-Culture News and More: The Digest’s Top 8 Innovations for the Week of October 27th

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) Perfume made out of thin air, well, made from ethanol derived from carbon dioxide anyway, is being made by a startup in New York. Poop pigment – a new pigment produced from sewage sludge in

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Reducing CO2 Using a Panchromatic Osmium Complex Photosensitizer

(Tokyo Tech News) Using photocatalysts to reduce CO2 has received a lot of attention recently. Scientists from Tokyo Tech have developed a new osmium complex that can absorb a full wavelength range of visible light and act as a panchromatic

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Xebec Receives EU Research Grant to Design and Build 1 MW Electrolyser System for Production of Sustainable Liquid Fuels

(Xebec Adsorption/Globe Newswire) Grant to design and build a worldwide first low temperature electrochemical CO2 conversion system -- Xebec Adsorption Inc. (TSX: XBC)(“Xebec”), a global provider of clean energy solutions, is pleased to announce today that it has received a research

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Three Bio-Based Innovations Edge Closer to Market With Private–Public Funding

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) A more sustainable farming sector, lower industrial emissions, more efficient biochemical production—National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) scientists and industry partners expect sizable benefits from three new projects to commercialize bioinsecticides, enzymatic carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization, and

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Companies Start Engineering for Canadian Facility to Produce Fuel from Air

by Ariana Fine (NGT News) Huron Clean Energy, The Upper Nicola Band, Oxy Low Carbon Ventures and Carbon Engineering (CE) have begun preliminary engineering and design on a large-scale commercial facility in British Columbia that will produce transportation fuel out of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The proposed facility

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SoCalGas’ Biomethanation Reactor System to be Used in Maine Dairy Digester

(SoCalGas) The reactor is part of a $5 million project funded by the Department of Energy  -- SoCalGas’ biomethanation reactor system will be used to help produce renewable energy as part of a power-to-gas demonstration. This system will be installed at

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Twelve Produces First Batch of E-Jet® Fuel from Carbon Dioxide Through Partnership with the U.S. Air Force

(Twelve) Demonstrated for the first time, this electrochemical process enables a path to fossil-free commercial aviation fuel from CO2 from the air or industrial sources --  — Carbon transformation company Twelve announced today it has produced the first fossil-free jet fuel

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Topsoe Puts Demonstration Plant into Operation for Production of Sustainable Methanol from Biogas - Significant Global Carbon Emission Reduction Potential.

by Ulrik Frøhlke (Haldor Topsoe) • With the demonstration plant, Topsoe will validate its electrified technology for cost-competitive production of sustainable Methanol from biogas as well as other sustainable products. The global annual production of methanol is around 110 million

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Competitive Edge: Carbon BioCapture’s Microalgal Tech Fights the Good Fight

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  ... Photosynthetic microalgae have been metabolizing CO2 for billions of years in the oceans and lakes of planet Earth and are suitable to tackle planetary-scale CO2 emissions. The resulting biomass has a multitude of uses

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The First Production of SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuel Developed in Canada

(SAF+ Consortium/CISION) The SAF+ Consortium ("SAF +") is proud to announce one of the first productions of sustainable aviation fuel PtL (Power to Liquids) in North America. This production took place in its pilot factory, located at the ParaChem industrial site, east of Montreal. SAF+ aims to bring to market, by 2025-2026, synthetic

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US Secretary of Energy Granholm and US Senator Ossoff Visit LanzaTech Innovation Hub in Georgia and Site of the World’s First LanzaJet Sustainable Fuels Plantl

(LanzaTech) Visit highlights the potential of rural America to create domestic supplies of sustainable fuels and chemicals. -- LanzaTech and LanzaJet welcomed Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm and Senator Jon Ossoff to the Freedom Pines Biorefinery in Soperton, Georgia. [caption id="attachment_149372"

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SAF – Kuehne+Nagel and Lufthansa Cargo Agree on Exclusive Partnership to Promote CO2-Neutral Power-to-liquid Fuel

(Kuehne+Nagel)  SAF – Kuehne+Nagel and Lufthansa Cargo agree on exclusive partnership to promote CO2-neutral power-to-liquid fuel. -- Kuehne+Nagel and Lufthansa Cargo have agreed on an exclusive partnership for the promotion and use of synthetic crude oil from NGO atmosfair based in Berlin.

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LanzaTech to Trial SAF Production from Waste Carbon Dioxide

(Biofuels International)  LanzaTech is partnering with the Energy Department’s Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) to build and operate a pre-pilot facility to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). This will be made from biogenic waste carbon dioxide (CO2) such as is emitted from corn refining,

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LSU, Delaware to Develop Chemical Manufacturing Processes Using CO2 Feedstocks and Renewable Energy

(LSU College of Engineering/Globe Newswire/Associated Press)  Each day, many of the products we use, whether we know it or not, are produced from natural gas or crude oil using carbon- and energy-intensive processes. But what if we could make those same

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Potential to Produce 5B Gallons of Sustainable Aviation Fuel from CO2

(LanzaTech)  LanzaTech and Argonne National Lab Awarded funding for Aviation Project in Georgia. -- The White House set a goal of replacing all jet fuel with sustainable alternatives by 2050, saying it could cut emissions from flying by 20 percent by

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Turning Carbon into Solar Fuel – Closing the Loop on CO2 Emissions

by Scarlett Evans (Bio Market Insights)  ...  Finding technologies to curb our carbon is essential, and attention is turning to projects that make carbon cutting a priority. One such project is that of Swinburne University of Technology’s Associate professor Tianyi Ma, who

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e-Book: Methanol vs Green Ammonia – The Future of Marine Fuels

(Argus Media) Featuring expert insights from across the shipping industry, including a range of stakeholders from the methanol and green ammonia sectors, this series of interviews will bring clarity to a much-debated topic.  Contributors include Yara International, NYK Line, Lloyd’s

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The World’s Biggest Plant to Capture CO2 from the Air Just Opened in Iceland

by Michael Birnbaum (Washington Post)  The Orca, an installation built by Climeworks, will capture 4,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year — and serve as a blueprint for similar technology.  -- A major new facility to pull carbon dioxide

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Blue Hydrogen for Transport in the US: The Transition to Green Hydrogen & the Conduit to Keeping Pace with the EU

by Salim Rahemtulla (PowerTap Hydrogen Fueling Corp./Biofuels Digest)  As the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) indicates in its Hydrogen Program Plan it published in 2020, “Hydrogen, as a versatile energy carrier and chemical feedstock, offers advantages that unite all of

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Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Receives Approval in Principle from Classification Society for LCO2 Carrier Cargo Tank from France’s Bureau Veritas

(Mitsubishi)  ・ Project part of MHI Group’s effort to expand businesses for the CCUS value chain, utilizing the advanced gas handling technologies of Mitsubishi Shipbuilding. ・ With the acquisition of this AIP, MHI Group will focus on developing and offering the

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Jet Fuel from Smokestacks

by Keith Button (Aerospace America)  The air transport industry lacks enough suppliers of sustainable aviation fuel to meet the anticipated demand as airlines become more aggressive about reining in their carbon footprints and more travelers take to the air. Keith Button

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Tenneco Explores Synthetic Fuels for Climate-Neutral Mobility

Tenneco is putting its 100-plus years of powertrain expertise in improving vehicle fuel efficiency and reducing emissions to work to explore synthetic fuels (e-fuels), a viable near-term solution to further maximize the efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint of internal

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Using CO2 from the Atmosphere to Make Biofuel Would Benefit Business and Environment

(Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) ... Traditional fermentation processes for producing such products rely on microorganisms that emit large quantities of CO2. If researchers could find a way to avoid such emissions and to actually incorporate CO2 into the product, important environmental

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New UK Collaborations Aim to Produce Sustainable Aviation Fuels from Direct Air Capture and Wood Waste

by Christopher Surgenor  (GreenAir Online) Two sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) projects in the UK have been announced that involve British Airways, one to investigate a commercial facility that would produce more than 100 million litres per year of jet fuel

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Velocys Technology Selected for Japanese E-Fuels Project

(Velocys) Velocys plc (VLS.L), the sustainable fuels technology company, is pleased to announce its Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology has been selected for an e-fuels project by Toyo Engineering Corporation (TOYO) and its consortium of six leading Japanese companies. E-fuels are a

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NASA Awards $750,000 in Competition to Convert Carbon Dioxide into Sugar

(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)  On Earth, plants and ocean microbes use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide, or CO2, into sugars for energy. Humans don't have that ability, at least not yet. On Mars, there aren’t plants and oceans, but there is

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Artificial Photosynthesis Technology Emerging

(National Research Council of Science & Technology/Phys.Org) Korean researchers are striving to turn artificial photosynthesis technology into reality to achieve carbon neutrality or accomplish a net carbon emission value of zero. Artificial photosynthesis is a technology that mimics natural photosynthesis by

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U.S. Department of Energy Announces $24 Million to Capture Carbon Emissions Directly From Air

(U.S. Department of Energy) Nine Research Projects Will Advance Cost-Effective Carbon Capture Technologies  -- The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $24 million in funding for nine research projects to explore and develop new methods of capturing and storing carbon from the air. Direct Air Capture (DAC) is an expanding field in decarbonization and a key facet of the plan to achieving net-zero

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Maersk Secures Green E-Methanol for the World’s First Container Vessel Operating on Carbon Neutral Fuel

(Maersk)  European Energy will establish a new e-methanol facility in Denmark and provide renewable energy to fuel it. --  A.P. Moller - Maersk has identified its partners to produce green fuel for its first vessel to operate on carbon neutral methanol:

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Bioenergy’s Role in Decarbonizing Economy: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to BETO & Biomass

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Biomass is the world’s largest generator of renewable energy and this slide guide from BETO’s Acting Director, Valerie Reed, highlights the role that bioenergy and biomass plays in decarbonizing the economy, worldwide SAF production projection,

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Giving up on Climate Change? EU Says No Way – Invests $140M in Decarbonizing Projects

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  ... The good news is for the first time since the creation of the Innovation Fund, the EU’s latest investment of €118 million (about $140 million) into 32 small innovative projects located in 14 EU Member

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Half of the SAF Projects Expected to Receive UK Govt. Funding Are Supported by British Airways

(British Airways/Biobased Diesel Daily) Four aviation decarbonization projects supported by British Airways and designed to help the industry achieve its targets of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 have been shortlisted for funding by the U.K. government. The Department of Transport's Green Fuels,

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Scientists to Develop CO₂-Free Fermentation Technology amid Surging Demand for Low-Carbon Biofuel

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory) By Combining Electrochemistry With Fermentation, NREL’s Biorefining Process Could Both Increase Fuel Yields and Recycle Carbon Dioxide --  As much as one-third of the carbon in sugar is lost as carbon dioxide (CO2) during fermentation processes that

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Carbon Engineering and LanzaTech Partner to Advance Jet Fuel Made from Air

(LanzaTech) The companies are investigating a commercial facility in the UK that will produce more than 100 million litres per year of jet fuel made from atmospheric carbon dioxide. In co-operation with British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, the collaboration is

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Aviation Leaders Say Biofuels Still Too Expensive

by Cécile Michaut (Institut Polytechnique de Paris/Biofuels Digest) Aviation is counting on the use of biofuels and petrol-free synthetic fuels to reduce carbon emissions. Technically it is possible, but some say it’s still too expensive. Hear from Samuel Saysset, Lead techno

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Crapo, Whitehouse, Reed, Panetta Introduce Legislation to Encourage Innovation in the Clean Energy Sector

(Office of Senator Mike Crapo (R-Idaho)) According to a report by the International Energy Agency, approximately 40 percent of cumulative CO2 emissions reductions needed to meet sustainability targets rely on technologies not yet commercially deployed on a mass-market scale.  Senator Mike Crapo (R-Idaho),

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Household Waste and Sewage to Be Used in Jet Fuel Production as Government Makes World-Leading Sustainable Aviation Fuel Commitments

(U.K. Department for Transport and The Rt Hon Grant Shapps MP)  Companies receive funding for sustainable fuel production while sustainable aviation fuel mandate consultation is launched. -- 8 companies have been shortlisted to share £15 million government funding to support

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Direct Air Capture CO2 for Aviation E-fuels Production Faces Many Obstacles, Finds E4Tech Study

by Susan van Dyk (GreenAir Online)  Although using CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) is important for e-fuels production in a net zero energy system, it is currently too expensive and could place a very high cost and technology risk

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Aerospace Players Enter Canadian Partnerships on Hybrid-Electric Aircraft and Sustainable Aviation Fuels

by Mark Pilling  (GreenAir Online)  ... P&WC’s announcement is the second sustainability initiative launched in Quebec in the past week, with Airbus joining the SAF+ Consortium, a group of aerospace companies and research institutions that is seeking to transform Montreal

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Fuels of the Future

(Wärtsilä/Hellenic Shipping News)  How do you create carbon neutral, synthetic fuels? Where can they be used? What can be done to accelerate decarbonisation – and, eventually, to replace the use of fossil fuels altogether? – Meet Power-to-X, the new superhero. Decarbonisation

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This Vodka Helps Fight Climate Change

(CNN)  Vodka is usually made from fermented grains, like rye. But Air Company's spirit is made out of captured carbon dioxide emissions.  READ MORE/WATCH VIDEO From CO2 To Vodka: Air Company Launches World’s First Carbon-Negative Spirit  (Forbes) This carbon-negative vodka comes from

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Department of Energy Awards $127 Million to Bring Innovative Clean Energy Technologies to Market

(U.S. Department of Energy) The U.S. Department of Energy continues to power the clean energy revolution among American small businesses and entrepreneurs with awards totaling $127 million to support 110 innovative projects – each focused on tackling the climate crisis by harnessing market-oriented

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LLNL and Collaborators Improve Electrochemical Reactor Performance through 3D Printing

(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) scientists and their collaborators are leveraging the power of 3D printing to improve the performance of electrochemical reactors used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to useful energy sources, chemicals and material feedstocks. Working under

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Airbus Joins Canada’s SAF+ Consortium to Accelerate Development of New Technology

(Airbus/Biobased Diesel Daily) Airbus and the Montreal, Canada-based SAF+ Consortium have signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to collaborate with major Canadian aviation industry players on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development and production in North America. Airbus will be investing through

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Racing ahead with Biofuels – Bentley, BMW, Porsche, Others Embrace Biofuels

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest)  Bentley’s Continental GT3 Pikes Peak racecar proved to be fastest racecar running on renewable fuel at Pikes Peak International Hill Climb 2021, beating out all other sustainability-focused entrants (like Tesla’s Model S and an Acura

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Creating Carbon-Negative ‘Green’ Hydrogen to Fuel Our World

(University of Canterbury)  University of Canterbury engineering researchers are developing a carbon-neutral – even carbon-negative – way to create clean ‘green’ hydrogen to power our world more sustainably. -- University of Canterbury Chemical and Process Engineering academics Professor Shusheng Pang and Associate Professor Alex

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Babcock & Wilcox Assists Amager Resource Center’s Application to E.U. to Fund Innovative Carbon Capture Project in Denmark

(Babcock & Wilcox)  Babcock & Wilcox (B&W) (NYSE: BW) Environmental announced today that it will support Amager Resource Center’s (ARC) application for more than €120 million ($140 million USD) in European Union funding to build an advanced carbon dioxide (CO2)

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LCA Model for Biofuels: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to GREET

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies Model – aka GREET – can be used to address impacts and conduct life cycle analyses of biofuels and bioproducts. Check out Argonne National Laboratory’s

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E-Fuels Development for Aviation Gets a Boost with Germany’s New PtL Roadmap

by Susan van Dyk (GreenAir Online)  Germany’s federal and state governments, with backing from industry, have agreed a roadmap that commits to the development of e-fuels – also described as power-to-liquids (PtL) – for the aviation sector. E-fuels can potentially deliver

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Transforming CO2 and Sugars Into Biofuel With a $2.7 million grant, UD researchers using microbes to make valuable chemicals

(University of Delaware) In the quest to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere and curb climate change, University of Delaware researchers are turning to an interesting ally: bacteria that consume biomass sugars and CO2. With a $2.7 million grant from the U.S.

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MOL Starts Research and Development on Large-scale Liquefied CO2 Carrier - Part of NEDO Demonstration Project Entrusted by Japan CCS

(Mitsui O.S.K. Lines) -Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL; President & CEO: Takeshi Hashimoto) today (June 22, 2021) announced that the company will launch research and development (R&D) on adoption of a large-scale liquefied carbon dioxide (CO2) carrier to complete the basic

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Finland's Largest Power-to-Gas Plant - Wärtsilä and Vantaa Energy to Continue Planning towards an Investment Decision

(Electric Energy Online/Wärtsilä) The technology group Wärtsilä and Finnish utility, Vantaa Energy Ltd, have signed a co-operation agreement for pre-engineering and development of a Power-to-Gas (P2G) plant for Vantaa Energy. The plant planned to be commissioned in 2025 would be the

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Using CO2 & Renewable Electricity to Improve Biorefineries: The Digest’s 2021 Multi-Slide Guide to CO2 Utilization

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  NREL is working on decarbonization of fuels and chemicals production by looking at the integration of CO2 utilization into two existing conceptual biorefinery designs, the brutal reality of CO2 reduction, market trends, decreasing the cost

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UK Government Selects 24 Project for Phase 1 of Direct Carbon Capture R&D Program

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest)  In the UK, the government has selected 24 projects for the first phase of its R&D challenge to find direct air carbon capture and greenhouse gas removal technologies, many of which are bio-based. From those projects,

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Successful Completion of Illinois Basin - Decatur CCS Project; CO2 from Ethanol Plant

(Green Car Congress)  ADM and the University of Illinois announced the successful completion of the Illinois Basin - Decatur Project (IBDP), a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project designed to evaluate and test the technology at commercial scale. This is one of two CCS projects

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Enzyme System for the Hydrogen Economy

(Ruhr University in Bochum)  An enzyme could make a dream of the energy industry come true: it can efficiently generate hydrogen from electricity as well as convert hydrogen into electricity. Both fuel cells, which convert hydrogen into electricity, and electrolysers, which

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Bureau Veritas Publishes Rules and Guidelines on Ammonia as a Marine Fuel

(Helenic Shipping/Bureau Veritas)  Bureau Veritas (BV) has released an Ammonia-Prepared notation and has developed a Rule Note for ammonia as a marine fuel to support ship owners, designers, shipyards, and charterers in advancing their journeys toward using ammonia and a zero

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2021 Project Peer Review—Presentation Database

(U.S. Department of Energy)  The Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) hosted its 2021 Project Peer Review virtually on March 8‒12, 2021; March 15‒16, 2021; and March 22‒26, 2021. Presentations for all sessions can be found in the searchable database below. For more information,

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Bosch Sees a Place for Renewable Fuels, Challenging Proposed European Union Engine Ban

by Aria Alamalhodaei (TechCrunch) Bosch executives on Thursday criticized proposed EU regulations that would ban the internal combustion engine by 2025, saying that lawmakers “shy away” from discussing the consequences of such a ban on employment. Although the company reported it

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The Renewable & Low-Carbon Liquid Fuels Platform, toward Transport Fuels' Transformation

(Fuels Europe) The major organisations[1] operating in the liquid fuels value chain have joined forces to form the Renewable & Low-Carbon Liquid Fuel Platform. These partners are working together to contribute to the decarbonisation of the mobility sector in a sustainable and affordable way. They represent

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Shell, Singapore University to Work on $3.4 Mln Decarbonisation Study

by Florence Tan (NASDAQ/Reuters) Royal Dutch Shell RDSa.L said on Friday it will be working with a university in Singapore in a research project worth S$4.6 million ($3.4 million) over three years to convert carbon dioxide to fuels and petrochemicals. Researchers from Shell and

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Carbon Clean, BayoTech to Develop Hydrogen, CO2 Capture Solutions

(Bioenergy Insight)  Carbon Clean has joined forces with BayoTech to develop on-site hydrogen with carbon capture solutions. Carbon Clean, a leader in cost-effective CO2 capture and separation technology, signed a memorandum of understanding with BayoTech, to explore commercial opportunities targeted at

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E-fuels Offer Clean Future for Shipping and Aviation, Green Groups Tell EU

(Transportation & Environment) The EU should promote the use of green synthetic fuels, or e-fuels, by ships and planes as part of its upcoming maritime and aviation fuel laws, environmental groups have told the European Commission. The FuelEU Maritime and

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CCUS Projects in Europe

(International Association of Oil and Gas Producers)  Map and overview of existing and planned CCUS facilities in the European Union and UK.  READ MORE

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Aker Solutions Wins FEED Contract for e-Fuel Plant in Norway

(Aker Solutions) Aker Solutions has signed a contract with Nordic Blue Crude (NBC) for front-end engineering and design (FEED) of a new e-Fuel facility at Herøya in Porsgrunn, Norway. The e-Fuel plant is planned to produce CO2-neutral fuel by using

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World-First Laundry Capsule in Market Made from Industrial Carbon Emissions

(Unilever)  Unilever has partnered with LanzaTech and India Glycols to produce a surfactant made from industrial carbon emissions instead of from fossil-fuels. The innovative shift in production utilises biotechnologies and a newly configured supply chain between the three partners, who

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Earth Day Series Day 20: Hydrogen. Beyond Tomorrow.

by Gaulthier Blangez* (Advanced Biofuels USA)   Let’s go back to the basics. The “Bio” term comes from ancient Greek and is translated as “Life.” Widely used in our day to day vocabulary, this term has found its place in our

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Earth Day Series Day 15:  Food AND Fuel: The Promise of Advanced Biofuels

by Joanne Ivancic* (Advanced Biofuels USA)  Aren’t there ways to make renewable fuel that doesn’t harm food supplies?  Yes, there are many.   Options One is to use waste from food processing and food preparation like animal fat and used cooking oil.  Another is

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Can Bacteria, Biocement, Biomason Save the Concrete Industry?

by Helena Tavares Kennedy (Biofuels Digest) ... Portland cement is a core ingredient in traditional concrete and the cement industry accounts for about 8% of global carbon dioxide emissions. So making biocement – a cement that captures carbon instead of releasing

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Alfa Laval Becomes Partner in Unique Power-to-X Consortium to Produce Renewable Clean Fuels

(Alfa Laval/PR Newswire) Alfa Laval - a world leader in heat transfer, centrifugal separation and fluid handling - becomes a partner in the Swedish company Liquid Wind, which develops electro-fuel facilities to produce renewable clean fuels. Alfa Laval will be

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Oxy Low Carbon Ventures, Cemvita Factory Announce Plan to Develop Pilot Plant for Innovative CO2-to-Bio-Ethylene Technology

(Oxy Low Carbon Ventures/PR Newswire)  Oxy Low Carbon Ventures (OLCV), a subsidiary of Occidental (NYSE: OXY), and bio-engineering startup Cemvita Factory today announced a plan to construct and operate a one metric ton per month bio-ethylene pilot plant, applying a jointly developed

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High Level Conference on Synthetic SAF --- February 8, 2021 --- ONLINE

To speed-up the European dialogue on Synthetic SAF and offer a stage to a range of initiatives, the Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management, Cora van Nieuwenhuizen, will host an Online High Level Conference on Synthetic SAF. The goal is

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SAF Could Make up 5.5% of 2030 EU Jet Fuel Demand with Targeted Support, Estimates ICCT Feedstock Study

(GreenAir Online) Analysis by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) shows there are sufficient sources of sustainable feedstock to support the production of 3.4 million tonnes (Mt) of advanced sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) annually in the EU by 2030, around

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ExxonMobil and Porsche Test Lower-Carbon Fuel in Race Conditions

(ExxonMobil/Porsche/Business Newswire) ExxonMobil and Porsche are testing advanced biofuels and renewable, lower-carbon eFuels, as part of a new agreement to find pathways toward potential future consumer adoption. The first iteration of Esso Renewable Racing Fuel is a blend of primarily advanced biofuels and

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Repsol Seeking EU and Spanish Funding for More than 30 Decarbonization Projects

by Meghan Sapp (Biofuels Digest) In Spain, Repsol is responding to the Spanish government’s calls for expressions of interest with a portfolio of 30 projects, amounting to a total investment of €5.959 billion and “combining technology, decarbonization, and the circular economy with

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A Stable Copper Catalyst for CO 2 Conversion

(Ruhr University Bochum) CO 2 can be converted electrochemically into raw materials for industry. So far, however, there is a lack of catalysts that are stable over a long period. A few tricks might solve the problem. Researchers at the Ruhr University Bochum and the

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“Best CO2 Utilisation 2021″:The Three Winners of the Innovation Award Are Turning CO2 into Methanol, Cleaners, Plastic Packaging or Surfactants

(Bio-based News/nova Institute)  CO2 has become famous in a sad way. Carbon Recycling International from Iceland, LanzaTech from USA and Covestro from Germany transform it into usable raw materials. -- More than 180 participants from 24 countries followed the 41 speakers

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Will Green Hydrogen Fulfill High Hopes for Trucking and Shipping Emissions?

by Angeli Mehta (Reuters Events) While there's debate over whether the technology stacks up against batteries for long-distance trucking, the case in maritime usage seems more clear-cut. Angeli Mehta reports “Everyone loves hydrogen,” observed Fatih Birol, executive director of the International Energy

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Lawmakers Introduce Comprehensive CO2 Infrastructure Bill

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Sens. Chris Coons, D-Del., and Bill Cassidy, R-La., and Reps. Marc Veasey, D-Texas, and David McKinley, R-W.V., on March 17 introduced the Storing CO2 and Lowering Emissions (SCALE) Act, a comprehensive CO2 infrastructure package. The bill

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DOE Invests $24 Million to Advance Transformational Air Pollution Capture DEADLINE May 18,. 2021

(U.S. Department of Energy)  Removing CO2 from the Atmosphere will Help America Achieve Net-Zero Emissions, Create Jobs --  The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today (March 5, 2021) announced up to $24 million for research into technology that captures carbon emissions

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Sustainable Fuel’s Role in Reducing Emissions Adds to Production Need

by Graham Warwick (Aviation Week)  ... The scale-up challenge is enormous. Barely 0.01% of the 96 billion gal. (364 billion liters) of jet fuel consumed by the world’s airlines in 2019 was sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). But announced projects should

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LCRI Looks at Hydrogen, Biofuels, Synthetic Fuels: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Low-Carbon Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Hydrogen, ammonia, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and biofuels can provide greenhouse gas emissions reduction for difficult-to-decarbonize sectors when produced via low-carbon means—from clean electricity, renewable feedstocks, or fossil resources with carbon capture, utilization, and storage, says

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Fuels from Thin Air: Prometheus Joins the Chase to Make Captured CO2 into Net Zero Hydrocarbon Fuels

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) One more company to focus on in our tour of CO2 usage. It’s another electrofuels play called Prometheus Fuels using atmospheric CO2 using water, electricity, and nanotube membranes to produce commercially viable fuels. The project was

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The Return of Electrofuels: Amazon, Mitsubishi, AP Ventures Invest in Infinium’s Bid to Make Fuels from CO2, Water

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Infinium Electrofuels process converts renewable power into green hydrogen, then uses this green hydrogen and waste carbon dioxide to produce net-zero carbon fuels. These fuels may be used in today’s plane, ship and truck fleets

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Transport Ministers Call for Accelerated EU-Wide Deployment and Mandates for Sustainable Aviation Fuels

(GreenAir Online) Eight European transport ministers have called for a harmonised, long-term strategy to decarbonising the air transport sector to include ramping up the production and supply of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) through an EU-wide blending mandate. Hosting a high-level virtual

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European Collaboration Projects Plan a Circular Route to Producing Synthetic Aviation Fuels

(GreenAir Online) A recent high-level conference hosted by the Dutch government focused on the potential of synthetic aviation fuels, also called power-to-liquid (PtL) or e-fuels, to significantly lower the aviation sector’s carbon footprint (see article). The Minister of Infrastructure and Water

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How to Utilise CO2? The Nominees for the Innovation Award “Best CO2 Utilisation 2021” Have the Answers!

(nova-Institute) Carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) is one of the most obvious solutions to further reduce CO2 emissions, but it is yet still hardly exploited. However, these six nominated technologies turn CO2 into value: ethanol, methanol, polyols, surfactants or syngas – the

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Separation Tech for Biobased Products: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Sulzer Chemtech

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  What are the latest separation technologies for biobased product applications like biofuels, biochemicals, biopolymers? Dr. Singh from Sulzer Chemtech USA shared this illuminating slide guide on their distillation, evaporation, membrane, extraction, crystallization and polymerization technologies,

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Crushing Ethanol’s CO2 Footprint: Summit Carbon Launches 10MT Carbon Capture & Storage Monster; Green Plains Is in

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Sometimes, as the song says, you gotta bury your troubles, and when your trouble is the cost of carbon dioxide emission, and you’re in the ethanol business, you were stymied until a few minutes ago, when

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VTT, Neste et al in Search for E-Fuels Breakthrough

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  In Finland, a partnership led by VTT and Neste aimed at using sustainable electricity and sequestered carbon dioxide to make fuels received €3.3M (about $4 million USD) in funding from Business Finland. Altogether, EUR 6

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Neste’s Veturi Partner Programme to Commercialize E-Fuels

(Neste)  The e-fuel research project related to Neste’s Veturi programme was launched in January 2021. Headed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, the project brings together fifteen partners to engage in R&D cooperation with the goal of large-scale production and

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World First in the Netherlands by KLM, Shell and Dutch Ministry for Infrastructure and Water Management: First Passenger Flight Performed with Sustainable Synthetic Kerosene

(KLM) For the first time worldwide, a passenger flight partly flown on sustainably produced synthetic kerosene, was carried out in The Netherlands. This was announced today during the international conference on Synthetic Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) in The Hague. Shell,

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Future Fuels Change the Balance of Power

by Chris Edwards (Engineering and Technology) Renewables may actually keep carbon fuels going for decades to come, but a new group of energy-rich countries will emerge.  -- ...    The question is what these new vehicles will use instead. For

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KLM Renames Corporate Biofuel Program to Highlight Sustainability Aspect

(KLM/Biobased Diesel Daily) KLM has renamed its Corporate BioFuel Programme the KLM Corporate SAF Programme. SAF stands for sustainable aviation fuel. KLM has opted for this new name to make it clear that the fuel it buys is manufactured sustainably, using

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7 Things to Know about Renewable Natural Gas

by Tom Cyrs & John Feldmann (GreenBiz) ... A new research paper by WRI (World Research Institute) examines the potential of renewable natural gas as a climate strategy. The paper provides detailed guidance on assessing renewable natural gas potential and climate

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DOE Announces $8 Million for Projects to Develop Algae-Based CO2 Utilization DEADLINE March 2, 2021

(Department of Energy)  U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) announced plans to make $8 million in Federal funding available for cost-shared research, development, and testing of technologies that can utilize carbon dioxide (CO2) from power systems or

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C02 as Feedstock!: The Digest’s 2020 Multi-Slide Guide to Carbon to Value Initiative

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) Carbontech—technologies that capture and convert CO2 into valuable end products or services is hot right now in attempts to make the planet not so hot with climate change. If you missed last week’s DigestConnect, check

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Top 10 Bioeconomy Must-Knows in the Biden Transition

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest)  Who are the key bioeconomy players in the new Biden Administration? What recent moves by the outgoing Trump Administration and Congress will set their budget and regulatory framework for 2021. What will the new Administration

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Gevo Announces Net-Zero Project Concept

(Gevo) Gevo, Inc. (“Gevo”) (NASDAQ: GEVO), announces the concept of Net-Zero Projects for the production of energy dense liquid hydrocarbons using renewable energy and Gevo’s proprietary technology. The concept of a Net-Zero Project is to convert renewable energy (photosynthetic, wind, renewable

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Could Sustainable Fuel Derived from Cooking Oil Help Aviation Navigate to a Cleaner Future?

by Zhaki Abdullah (Channel News Asia)  ... Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) will play a major role in this new normal for aviation, said Jonathan Wood, Neste’s Europe and Asia-Pacific vice president for renewable aviation. The term refers to biofuels that can be

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French Fermentalg Stock Jumps on News of Planned Suez Algae-Based JV

(SeeNews/Renewables Now) – French microalgae firm Fermentalg (EPA:FALG) saw its shares jump 35% on Tuesday after it announced the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with domestic waste management company Suez SA (EPA:SEV) to create an equally-owned joint venture

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Mining the Sky for CO2 with Metal Trees, Towers and Pumps

by John Fialka (E&E News) ... "Can we afford not to do this?" was the way Steve Oldham, the CEO of Carbon Engineering, headquartered in Squamish, British Columbia, put it in a recent TED Talk. He estimated that climate-related damages will

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thermocellum cloud point clover cmelina CNG Conversion kit co co-generation co-location Co-op Extension co-operative co-processing co-products CO2 Electrolysis CO2 neutral fuels CO2Removal Certificates (CORCs) coal Coal and Biomass to Liquid (CBTL) Coast Guard coastal habitat conservation coastal hay cobalt cock's foot coco coco methyl ester (CME) cocoa Coconut coffee coffee cherries coffee grounds coffee pulp cold flow cold-tolerance college/university Colombia Colorado combined heat and power (CHP) Comment Request commercial flights commercialization commissioning commo Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) commodity trading common reed Community activity community college Community involvement/engagement community scale Community Wood Energy Program competition compliance compliance credits compost Compressed Natural Gas (CNG/R-CNG/bioCNG) compression ratios compression-ignition engine computer simulation concrete condensate Congo Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Connecticut Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) construction and demolition waste/debris consumer education contamination contest contrails conversion technology Cook Islands cook stoves cooking fuel cooperatives COP21 COP22 COP23 COP24 COP25 COP26 COP27 COP28 COP29 COP30 copper coppice cordgrass corn bran Corn cobs corn ethanol corn fiber corn growers corn harvest corn kernel corn meal corn oil corn oil/distillers corn oil (DCO) corn prices corn stalks corn stover corn supply corn surplus corn syrup corn-based products corn/maize Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards corporate social responsibility corrosion corruption CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) cosmetics Costa Rica cotton cotton seed hulls cotton seed oil cotton stalk cottonwood Council on Environmental Quality county cover crops cow rumen cracking Crambe crassulacean acid metabolism plants (CAM) crimes criteria pollutants Croatia crop crop insurance cropland croton crowdfunding crude oil Cuba cup plant cuphea currency/foreign exchange policy curriculum cusi cutworm caterpillars cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cylindro Cyprus Czech Republic d D-3 (cellulosic) RINs D-4 (bio-based diesel) RINs d-5 D-5 (advanced biofuel) RINs D-6 (renewable fuel) RINs D-7 RINs (Cellulosic Diesel) D-8 (proposed) RINs D20 (20%DME) D5 (5%DME) dairy waste dandelion DARPA date kernel oil date palm date palm pits date palm waste Dates DDGS (distiller’s dried grains with solubles) dead zone decanol decision-support tool deep water drilling Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Production Act deficit definitions deforestation defossilization Dehydration Delaware DeltaWing demonstration demonstration scale/unit Denmark densify density Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Commerce Department of Defense (DOD) Department of Education Department of Energy (DOE) Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of Justice Department of Labor Department of the Interior Department of Transportation (DOT) depolymerization depots dextrose dfdsffsfdfsf diatoms diesel Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) diesel fuel blendstock diesel prices Diesel R5 diesel with renewables diesel-range hydrocarbons diesel-to-biodiesel conversion diethyl ether digital Digital Biology diisobutylene (DIB) dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment DIN 51605 DIN EN 15376 (Ethanol blending component) direct air capture direct injection direct ocean capture Direct Sugar to Hydrocarbon Conversion (DSHC) direct-to-fuel directed evolution dispense distillates distillation distilled biodiesel distilled palm methyl ester (DPME) distilleries distributed/centralized distribution distribution capacity distribution waiver diversification divestment DME/rDME (dimethyl ether)/renewable DME DMF (2.5-dimethylfuran) Dominican Republic double cropping drawdown Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) drop-in biofuels/hydrocarbons drought drought tolerant drought-resistant dry ice dual cropping Dubai duckweed e e-diesel e-LNG (synthetic/electro Liquified Natural Gas) e-methanol e-NG (synthetic natural gas) E. coli E0 E0 price E1 E10 E10 certification fuel E10 price E100 E100 conversion kit E11 E12 E13 E15 E15 price E15 pumps E2 E20 E20 price E20 pumps E22 E25 E25 pumps E27 E3 E30 E30 capable E30 certification fuel E30 optimized E30 price E30 pumps E35 E4 E40 E40 conversion kit E40 pumps E5 E5 price E50 E55 E6 E7 E70 diesel E75 E78 E8 E80 E85 E85 conversion kit E85 optimized engines E85 price E85 pumps E90 E92 E95 E97 E98 earthquakes East Africa Eastern Europe economic development Economic Development Administration economic modeling economic policy economics Ecosystems Services Ecuador ED7 (7% ethanol 93% diesel) ED95 education Education Series 3030 educational business private educational tour EERE efficiency egg shell Egypt El Salvador Electric aircraft Electric Car/Electric Vehicle (EV) electric car/Electric Vehicle (EV) Prices electric grid electricity electricity price electricity/power generation electricity/power transmission electrocatalysis electrochemical electrochemical cell electrofuels (e-fuels) electrofuels (e-fuels) prices electrolysis electrolytic cation exchange electromethanogenesis (ME) electrons Elephant grass/Napier grass elephants embargo eminent domain emissions emissions standards EN 15751 EN 15940 EN 16709 EN 228 EN 590 EN228 (standard pump gasoline) end user end-of-life Endangered Species Act (ESA) Energy Bill energy cane energy consumption energy crops energy density energy dominance energy grasses energy independence Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Information Administration (US EIA) energy law energy policy energy prices energy reserves Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROEI or EROI) energy security Energy Security Trust energy storage enforcement engine Engine Development engine problems Engine/Fuel Co-optimization engineering England enhanced oil recovery (EOR) entrepreneur environment environmental impact study (EIS) environmental justice/socially inclusive environmental policy Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP) Environmentalists Enzymatic enzymatic conversion enzymatic depolymerization enzymatic hydrolysis enzyme production enzyme recycling Enzyme solicitation enzymes EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) EPACT (Energy Policy Act) Equatorial Guinea equipment eRINs/electric pathway Eritrea erosion control EROWI (Energy Return on Water Invested) ESG (Environmental Social Governance) esterification Estonia ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether) etha ethane ethanol ethanol benefits ethanol blend wall ethanol blended diesel ED ethanol blends/ethanol flex fuels ethanol emissions ethanol ether diesel fuel ethanol fire ethanol fuel cells ethanol hybrid ethanol pipeline ethanol prices ethanol production ethanol pumps ethanol tax ethanol terminal ethanol to gas ethanol tolerance ethanol-fueled aircraft Ethanol-to-Gasoline (ETG) ethanol/bioethanol ethanol/diesel ethanol/methanol synthesis ethanol2G Ethiopia Ethiopian mustard ethyl levulinate (EL) ethylbenzene ethylene ets eucalyptus Euglena European Emissions Trading System (ETS) European Union (EU) eutrophication executive order executive order--state Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) externalities extremophiles f F Factor F-24 F-34 F-76 (Marine Diesel) F-T FAEE FAEE (fatty acid ethyl esters) Fair trade False Claims Act FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Farm Bill Farm Bureau farm equipment farm policy Farm to Fleet Farm to Fly farmers farming farnesane farnesene Fats fecal sludge Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) federal land Federal Railroad Administration Federal Reserve Bank Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Federal Transit Administration (FTA) feed Feed In Tariffs (FIT) feed prices Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers feedstock logistics feedstock material feedstock prices feedstock storage feedstock terminal feedstock transportation Feedstocks fermentation ferry fertilizer fiber Fiji Financing Finland Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SKA) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK) Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene with Aromatics (FT-SPK/A) Fischer-Tropsch/FT fish feed fish oil fish waste fit for purpose Fixed Base Operator (FBO) flameleaf sumac flavors flax fleet turnover Fleets fleshings flex-fuel vehicles (FFV) flight tests Flightpath flixweed/tansy/herb-Sophia flood-prone soil Florida flue gas FOG (Fats/Oils/Grease) follow-the-crop food Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food and fuel food policy food prices food processing waste food safety food security food vs biomaterials/bioplastics food vs fuel food waste for forage forage sorghum forecasts foreign oil Foreign Policy forest Forest Biomass for Energy forest biotechnology forest residue/waste Forest resources Forest Service forestry forklifts Formate formic acid fossil carbon fossil fuel Frace fracking fractionation fragrance France franchise fraud free fatty acids (FFA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) freight/cargo French French Guiana fructose fruit FT-SKA fuel fuel additives fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel cells fuel economy fuel efficiency fuel injection fuel mixtures fuel molecules fuel oil fuel performance fuel prices Fuel Quality Directive (FQD) fuel registration Fuel Retailers fuel testing fuel transportation fuel use fuel wholesaler fully burdened cost fund funding fungus/fungi Furanics furfural fusel oils Future Farmers of America (FFA) Gabon gallium Gambia games gas prices gas tax/highway user fee gas-to-liquid (GTL) gasification gasoline gasoline baseline gasoline consumption gasoline mandate gasoline markets gasoline price gasoline-range hydrocarbons Gemany General Services Administration general waiver authority generators genetically engineered yeast cells genetically enhanced microbes genetically modified organism (GMO) genome Georgia Georgia (country) geothermal German Germany Gerrmany Ghana GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) GHG (Greenhouse Gas Emissions) Intensity giant cane giant kelp Giant King Grass Giant Reed/Arundo GIS glass tubing gliricidia sepium global rebound effect Global South global warming global warming potential glucose glycerin glycerin standards glycerol goats gorse Governance practices) Government Accountability Office (GAO) government investment government resources government subsidies grain sorghum/milo grain speculators grains GRAND-AM grants grants-local grants-state grapefruit grapes graphene graphite GRAS (generally regarded as safe) Grasses grasses grasshoppers grease Great Green Fleet Great Lakes Greece green bonds green chemistry Green Deal EU green economy green house facility Green Jobs Green New Deal Green Racing Green Recovery green/black economy Greenland GREET Greenhouse Gases Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation Model Grenada gribble growers gua beans Guam guar Guatemala guayule Guerbet reaction Guinea Guinea Bissau Gulf states gulmohar Gumweed (grindelia squarosa) Guyana GWP gypsum h Haiti Halophytes harvest site processing harvesting Hawai'i hay hazardous waste hazelnut HBIIP Higher Blends Infrastructure Incentive Program HDCJ HDO-SAK (hydro deoxygenated synthetic aromatic kerosene) health health benefits health effects heat of combustion heat of vaporization heat-tolerance heather heating oil/fuel Heavy Duty Truck Rule heavy duty vehicles (HDV) hedging HEFA (Hydro-processed esters and fatty acids) HEFA50 helicopters hemicellulace enzymes hemicellulose hemicellulosic sugars Hemp hemp oil hemp seed herb hexanol HFO (Heavy Residual Fuel Oil) hibiscus high blend renewable fuels (HBRF) High Hydrogen Content Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HHC-SPK) High Octane Fuel (HOF) High Octane Fuel Standard High Octane Gasoline (HOG) high octane low carbon (HOLC) fuel High Octane Vehicles (HOV) high performance regular high school project high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) high-octane/low-carbon (HOLC) liquid fuels Highway Bill highway rights-of-way Highway Trust Fund history hog farmers hombayniya homogeneous-charge compression-ignition Honduras honey locust Hong Kong Honge tree nuts hops horticulture Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HPF (High Performance Fuels) HRJ (Hydrotreated Renewable Jet) human rights Hungary Hurricane Sandy HVO (Hydrotreated vegetable oil) HVO100 HVO20 HVO30 Hybrid aircraft hybrid buses hybrid locomotive hybrid ships hybrids hydrocarbon fuels Hydrocarbon-Hydroprocesed Esters and Fatty Acids (HC-HEFA-SPK) hydrodeoxygenation hydrodiesel hydrofaction hydroformylation hydrogen aircraft hydrogen carrier hydrogen combustion engines hydrogen fuel cells hydrogen leaks hydrogen pipeline hydrogen pumps/fueling stations hydrogen tax credit hydrogen terminal Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Hydrogen/Renewable Hydrogen Price hydrogenase hydrogenation hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel (HDRD) hydrogenolysis hydropower Hydroprocessed fermented sugars to synthetic isoparaffins (HFS-SIP) hydroprocessing hydropyrolysis hydrothermal carbonization hydrothermal gasification hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) hydrothermal treatment Hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) hydrotreating hydrotreatment hydrous ethanol hypoxia zone Iceland Idaho Illinois Illiois illuppai ILUC (Indirect/Induced Land Use Change) import/export incinerator ash India Indian beech tree Indian grass Indiana indirect effects indirect emissions indirect fuel use change indium Indonesia industrial burners industrial ethanol industrial gases industrial sugars industrial waste industrial waste gases IndyCar infographic Infrastructure inhibitors innovation insecticide/pesticide insects insurance integrated biorefineries integrated food/energy systems intellectual property Inter-American Development Bank inter-crop interactive map intercropping internal combustion engine (ICE) internal combustion engine (ICE)/gasoline engine ban International international balance of payments International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) International Energy Agency (IEA) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) International Sustainability and Carbon Certification model(ISCC) International Trade International Trade Administration International Trade Commission Internships inulin invasive species Investing investment tax credit Invvesting ionic liquids Iowa IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Iran Iraq Ireland iridium iron iron oxide IRS (Internal Revenue Service) IS 1460 ISO 8217 (marine distillate fuel standard) ISO 9000 isobutanol isobutanol price isobutanol pump price isobutene isobutylene isomerisation isooctane isooctene isopropanol Israel Italy Ivory Coast JAA jackfruit Jamaica jamelão Japan jatobá Jatropha Jersey Jerusalem artichoke jet jet A Jet A-1 jet B Jetfuel (Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)) Jimmy Carter Jobs Joint Office of Energy and Transportation jojoba Jordan JP-10 JP-4 JP-5/NATO F-44 JP-8/NATO F-34 juniper Just A MInute Just Transition jute K-12 Education Kabakanjagala kalanchoe kamani Kans grass Kansas Karanja Kazakhstan kelp Kemiri Sunan kenaf Kentucky Kenya kerosene ketones kinggrass Kiribati knotweed Knowledge Discovery Framework Korea Kosovo kudzu kukui nut kulpa kusum Kuwait Kygryzstan labels labor policy Labrador lactic acid lactose Lake County lamp oil land ownership land prices land rights land subsidence land tenure land transfer land use land use change land use policy landfill methane Landfills landscape Laos Latin America Latvia LCFS (Low Carbon Fuel Standard) lead Leadtree leaf ant Lebanon lecithin legislation Legislation-Federal Legislation-State lemna lend-lease Lesotho lesquerella leucaena levulinic acid Liberia Libya licensing lichens life cycle analysis (LCA) light rail lignin Lignin Ethanol Oil (LEO) Lignocellulosic Biofuel lignocellulosic sugars lime Lipid liquefaction liquid liquid petroleum gas (LPG) liquid transportation fuels liquidation Liquified Biogas (LBG) Liquified Biogas (LBG) pumps liquified biomethane (LBM) Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) lithium Lithuania litigation Litigation-Federal Litigation-State livestock loan guarantees loans lobbying loblolly pine locomotives lodgepole pine logistics long-term contracts Louis Louisiana low c low carbon emissions low carbon octane standard (LCOS) Low Emission Vehicle Standards (LEV) low sulfur diesel low sulfur fuel low sulfur marine fuel lubricants lumber mill Luxembourg lysis M100 M15 M3 M50 ma macadamia macauba Macedonia machine learning machinery macororo Madagascar magnesium mahua Maine Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali mallees Malta Malyasia mamona management changes mandates mangaba manganese mango mangrove Manitoba mannose manure maple maps marginal land marine algae Marine Corps Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) Marine Fuel Oil Marine Gas Oil (MGO) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel (SMF) price Marine/Maritime Bio and Renewable/Sustainable Fuel Terminal Marine/maritime renewable fuel terminal/bunkering market forces market share marketing markets/sales Mars Marshall Islands Maryland Masdar Institute mass balance standard Massachusetts Master Limited Partnership (MLP) Mauritania Mauritius Mazda meat mechanics training medical waste MEEC membranes mergers and acquisitions mesquite methanation methane leaks methane/biomethane methanization methanol benefits methanol fuel cells methanol price Methanol-to-Jet (MTJ-SPK) Methanol/Biomethanol/Renewable Methanol methylbutenol Mexico Michelin GreenX Challenge Michigan micro-crop microalgae microbial electrosynthesis microbiology microorganisms/microbes microwave Mid-Atlantic Middle East Midwest mileage military military policy military reserves military specifications military strategic flexibility military strategy military use of biofuels milk permeate millennium fruit millet millettia pinnata milo stover mineralization minerals mining Minn Minnesota miscanthus misfueling missile fuel Mississippi Missouri mixed prarie mobile refinery modeling modular molasses mold molinia molybdenum MON (Motor Octane Number) Monaco Mongolia mongongo monitoring/measuring reporting verifiction (MRV) Montana Montenegro moose morama Moringa tree Morocco morula motorcycles motors MOVES (motor vehicle emissions simulator) modeling system MOVES2014 MOVES3 (MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator model) Mozambique MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether) multi-fuel municipal/city mushroom mushroom substrate mustard seed mvr Myanmar n-butanol n-butene nahar Namibia nano nano particles nanocatalysts 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Nevada New Brunswick new fuel approval New Guinea New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New South Wales New York New Zealand Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador next generation biofuels next generation vehicles NHRA drag racing Nicaragua nickel Niger Nigeria nipa sap nitrate leaching nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen fertiliser nitrogen starvation nitrous oxide (N2O) Niue NO2 noodles nopal North Africa North America North Carolina North Dakota North Korea Northeast northern catalpa Northern Ireland Northern Territory Northwest Territories Norwary Norway Nova Scotia NOx (nitrogen oxides) noxious weeds nuclear Nunavut nut shells nutraceuticals nutrient credit trading nutrient management nutrients nutrition oak oat hulls oat straw oats Obligated Parties/Point of Obligation (PoO) ocean-based energy Oceania octane octane price/value octanol Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) Office of Science Technology and Policy (OSTP) Offices of Inspector Generals offtake agreements Ohio oil oil embargo oil exploration oil monopoly oil p oil price parity oil prices oil production oil refineries oil replacement oil sands oil seed oil seed crops oil speculators oil spill oil subsidies oil taxes oil/gas terminals Oils Oklahoma olefins oligomerization olive cake olive oil olive pits olive pomace olive water olives Oman Omega-3s on-farm algae production on-farm ammonia production on-farm biodiesel on-farm ethanol production on-farm natural gas production on-farm processing on-site hydrogen production one p one pound waiver onion waste online courses Ontaio Ontario OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) open fuel standard open pond opportunity zones optimized flex fuel vehicles orange peel orchard grass orchard prunings Oregon organic solar cells Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) osage orange OSHA Overseas Private Investment Corporation overview overview/survey course owa oxygen oxygenate ozone Pakistan Palau palm palm biomass palm fatty acid distillate palm fiber palm fronds palm kernel palm kernel oil palm kernel shell palm oil Palm Oil Methyl Ester (PME) palm oil mill effluent (POME) palm oil prices palm trunk sap palm waste Paludiculture/peatland cultivation Panama pandas panic grass papaya paper Papua Indonesia Papua New Guinea paraffins Paraguay Paris Agreement parity partial waiver particulates pasture land Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) patents pathways Paulownia paulownia tree payments peach shell peaches peak oil peak oil demand peanuts/groundnuts peas pectin peela kaner pellet pellets Pennsylvania pennycress/stinkweed pentane pentanol pentose pequi perennial grains perennial grasses Performance permitting Peru pest-tolerance pesticide-tolerance pests pet food petition petroleum pharmaceuticals phase separation Philippines phosphorus photobioreactor photoelectrocatalysis 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RNG tax credit roadmap rocket fuel Romania RON (Research Octane Number) rosin rotation crops Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials (RSB) royalties RP-1 RTP (rapid thermal processing) rubber rubber seeds rumen ruminants rural development Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative Rural Renewable Energy Pilot Program rushes Russia Russian olive rutabaga Rwanda ry rye Rye grass rye straw s saccharification SAF pipeline SAF10 SAF30 SAF40 SAFc (Sustainable Aviation Fuel certificates) Safer and Affordable Fuel Efficient Vehicles (SAFE) safety safflower sago pond weed SAIC sal tree Salicornia salt water salt-tolerant saltbush saltcedar Samoa Sanctions Santa Monica sardine oil Saskatchewan Saudi Arabia sawdust scale up Scandinavia scholarships/fellowships Science Advisory Board (SAB) Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) Science Policy scooters Scotland scum sea level rise seaports seashore mallow seawater seaweed cultivation Seaweed/Macroalgae 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