February 2023 – Advanced BioFuels USA

How to Reduce CO2 GHG Emissions in the Transportation Sector

(Chevron Renewable Energy Group/Transport Topics) With the transportation sector being the largest source of GHG emissions in the U.S.1, the increasing number of both public- and private-sector entities with carbon reduction

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

The U.S. National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization: Joint Strategy to Transform Transportation

(U.S. Departments of Energy, Transportation and Housing and Urban Development and the Environmental Protection Agency) This Blueprint offers a whole-of-government approach to transform the transportation sector and sets forth an interagency

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

National Transmission Needs Study Draft for Public Comment DEADLINE TBD

(U.S. Department of Energy) Supported by the President’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (“BIL”), the National Transmission Needs Study (“Needs Study”) provides information about capacity constraints and congestion on the nation’s electric transmission

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Biodiesel and Kosher Glycerin: An Important Fuel and Its Valuable Coproduct

by Rabbi Mordechai Stareshefsky (Biobased Diesel Daily) Biodiesel producers who are using plant-based feedstock, or those who are willing to switch, can get certified kosher and capture more value from

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Michigan Plant Rebirth Keeps Biodiesel Flowing

by Karen Potratz (Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition/Biobased Diesel Daily) Biodiesel producer W2Fuel joined the newly formed Michigan Advanced Biofuels Coalition to help advocate for blending incentives and encourage in-state use

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Axens Announces the Launch of the Jetanol™ Brand for its Alcohol-to-Jet Technology, with a Project Pipeline Already Approaching 3 Million Tons (1 billion Gallons) Per Year of Sustainable

(Axens) Committed to offer mature and reliable Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) technologies, Axens is pleased to announce the launch of the Jetanol™ brand for its Alcohol-to-Jet technology. Evidenced by its

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

The Old One-Two

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) … The biobased diesel industry took that punch Dec. 1 when U.S. EPA finally released its “set” proposal for the Renewable Fuel Standard. …

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Bradwell Nuclear Site in Essex, UK, Powers Generators with Renewable Diesel

(Magnox/Biobased Diesel Daily) Despite now being in a period of “care and maintenance,” Magnox’s Bradwell nuclear site in Essex, U.K., is still inspected on an annual basis to ensure vital systems

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Gevo Finalizes Renewable Hydrogen Development Services Agreement with Zero6 Energy, Selects Cummins as Technology Partner

(Gevo/Globe Newswire) Gevo, Inc. (NASDAQ: GEVO) announced today that they have finalized a Hydrogen Development Services Agreement with Zero6 Energy (formerly Juhl Energy) for the development of a 20-megawatt hydrogen production

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

ZeroNorth Acquires BTS, Propelling Decarbonization of Marine-Fuel Industry

(Blue Communications/Biobased Diesel Daily) Technology company ZeroNorth announced Feb. 21 that it has acquired BTS Pte Ltd., a software platform for marine-fuel suppliers headquartered in Singapore. The deal will see ZeroNorth

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Biobased Diesel Industry Provides Fuel for US Economy’s Engine

by Paul Winter (Clean Fuels Alliance America/Biobased Diesel Daily) A new report details the important economic impacts biodiesel and renewable diesel have on the U.S. economy, particularly for farming, oilseed processing

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Peninsula Begins Supply of Marine Biofuel at Hub Ports in Strait of Gibraltar

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) Marine-fuel supplier Peninsula has begun providing marine biofuel at its hub ports in the Strait of Gibraltar, according to a Feb. 27 company posting on

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Strategic Biofuels Licenses FT CANS™ Technology for Louisiana Green Fuels Project

(Johnson Matthey) Johnson Matthey and BP announced Feb. 20 that their codeveloped, award-winning Fischer Tropsch (FT) CANS™ technology has been selected by Strategic Biofuels for its Louisiana Green Fuels project. The

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Feedstock Imperatives: What Biobased Diesel Producers Need to Know to Develop a Common-Sense Feedstock Specification.

by Christine Riedl (Biobased Diesel Daily/BDI-BioEnergy International) In the most relevant market newsletters, feedstocks like used cooking oil (UCO) or animal fats are specified by the free fatty acid (FFA)

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

The Road to Decarbonized Trucking w/ Ray Minjares

(Climate Now) Ray Minjares, Heavy-Duty Vehicles Program Director at the International Council on Clean Transportation, explains what is: the marketplace structure that dictates how freight vehicles are bought and sold. Ray sat

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Triveni Engineering to Divert 12% of Sugar Production to Ethanol

by Nigel D’Souza, Prashant Nair, Sonia Shenoy (CNBC) Triveni Engineering & Industries’ commitment to increasing their ethanol production is a positive sign for the industry and the environment. With the

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Brazil Govt to Resume Fuel Taxes -Ministry

by Victor Borges (Reuters) The Brazilian government is set to resume the collection of federal taxes on fuels this week, the Finance Ministry said on Monday. According to the ministry, the

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Aviation Biofuel Would Need Half of UK Agricultural Land, Report Says

by Danny Halpin (The Independent) The Royal Society said a portfolio of alternative fuels will be required to meet current passenger demand and achieve net zero. — Replacing jet fuel with

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Americans Still Aren’t Sold on Electric Cars

by Alexa St. John (Business Insider) – Automakers say they are all in on electric, and spending billions to get there. – But EV adoption is still a challenge; less

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

From Vodka to Sustainable Fuel: N.Y. Company Lands DoD Contract

by Daniel Cusick (Politico Pro Climatewire)Brooklyn-based Air Co. — known for climate-friendly vodka and CO2-based hand sanitizers — makes a big leap into national security with a contract for sustainable

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Biofuels Caucus, led by Johnson, Smith, Craig and Pocan, Re-Launches for the 118th Congress

by Jody Heemstra (DRG News) Biofuels Caucus Leadership Dusty Johnson (R-S.D.), Adrian Smith (R-NE), Angie Craig (D-MN), and Mark Pocan (D-WI) re-launched the Congressional Biofuels Caucus for the 118th Congress. The

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Plans Emerging for a Pullman Area Biodiesel Plant Funded by Public and Private Dollars

by Evan Ellis (Big Country News) … The Washington State Department of Commerce has approved a 5 million dollar loan to the Port of Whitman County to help pay for the

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

Washington State Is Moving to Cap Carbon Emissions

by Maxine Joselow (Washington Post) … In 2021, after mounting a climate-centric presidential campaign, (Governor Jay) Inslee signed into law the Climate Commitment Act, which established an ambitious program to

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

RFA: EPA’s Triennial Report on RFS Takes Some Constructive Steps but Needs Work

(Renewable Fuels Association) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Third Triennial Report to Congress on the environmental impacts of the Renewable Fuel Standard is still a work in progress that needs to be vetted

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

New University Study: Ethanol Cuts Gas Prices by 77 Cents per Gallon

(Renewable Fuels Association) Adding low-cost ethanol to the nation’s gasoline supply improves energy security and saves the average American household more than $750 per year, according to a new study conducted by energy

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

8 State Requests for Year-Round E15 Reviewed by US Budget Office

by Jim Wiesemeyer (AgWeb) The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on Friday completed its review of eight states requests to remove the volatility waiver provided under law for ethanol

February 28, 2023 Read Full Article

The Carbon Removal Industry Puts Down Roots as It Grows

by Ben Geman (Axios) An industry group seeking stronger federal and state policies to scale up a suite of technologies that permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere launched Thursday morning. Driving

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

ICAO Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels (CAAF/3) — November 21-27, 2023 — TBD

SAVE THE DATE READ MORE MORE

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

ICAO Pre-3rd Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels (CAAF/3) — July 4-7,2023 — Montreal, Quebec, Canada

SAVE THE DATE READ MORE MORE

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

ICAO Stocktaking on CO2 Emissions — May 23-25, 2023 — Montreal, Quebec, Canada

SAVE THE DATE READ MORE MORE

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Sustainable Skies World Summit 2023 — April 17-18, 2023 — Farnborough, UK

The Sustainable Skies World Summit returns to showcase and support industry’s efforts towards meeting its net zero commitment, now given further impetus by the adoption by world governments of an

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Ishka ESG: Playing Your Part in Sustainable Aviation — March 29, 2023 — London, UK

Creating dialogue to drive change Back for its second year, Ishka’s ESG event is specially designed for all members of the aviation value chain. We have a meticulously researched agenda, relevant

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Aviation Carbon 2023 — November 6-8, 2023 — London, UK

… Aviation Carbon 2023 will again focus on these key topics and also, for the first time, include coverage of the Non-CO2 impacts of aviation on the climate, which has seen increasing interest

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Amex GBT Integrates with CHOOOSE to Enhance Business Air Travel Emissions Data

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) Leading B2B travel platform American Express Global Business Travel (Amex GBT) has reached an agreement with CHOOOSE to integrate the climate tech company’s carbon emissions

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

ZeroAvia, Shell, RHIA and Rotterdam The Hague Airport Advance Plans for Hydrogen-Electric Flights by 2025

(ZeroAvia) Zero-emission innovator, a global energy company, and Netherlands’ second city airport target green flights and decarbonising airport operations using hydrogen ZeroAvia, the leader in developing zero-emission solutions for commercial

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Global Aerospace Partners with 4AIR to Provide Sustainability Services to its General Aviation Clients

(Global Aerospace) Global Aerospace, a leading provider of aerospace insurance, today announced a collaboration with 4AIR. 4AIR delivers sustainability programs dedicated to aviation, providing a simplified and verifiable path for the

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Heart, Embraer and Universal Hydrogen join Air New Zealand’s Zero-Emission Regional Aircraft Programme

by Tony Harrington (GreenAir Online) Air New Zealand has named Heart Aerospace, Embraer and Universal Hydrogen as new partners in its Mission Next Generation Aircraft accelerator research programme to help identify low-or-no

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Topsoe Enters SAF JV with Sasol and Signs Agreement with Steeper Energy on Waste-to-Fuel Technology

by Christopher Surgenor (GreenAir Online) Danish decarbonisation technology solutions company Topsoe has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with South Africa-based global energy and chemicals company Sasol with the intent to

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

The National Tribal Energy Roundtable, Webinar #4: Hydrogen, Ammonia, and Clean Fuels of the Future — February 27, 2023 — ONLINE

In Indian Country, some lack the basic human essentials like electricity or running water and many lack clean and freely accessible water. So, as we discuss clean fuels and our

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Low Carbon Biofuels Forum Established

The LCB-Forum is an international group of experts in advanced biofuels covering a wide range of biomass conversion technologies, policy, sustainability, and other topics along the complete value chain. The Forum may

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Biofuel Potential from Orange Peel

(Polytech University of Madrid (Google Translation)) Researchers from the Polytechnic University of Madrid are part of a scientific team that has managed to produce a biofuel from orange peels that

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Cepsa and ACE Terminal Join Forces to Create Green Hydrogen Supply Chain from Spain to the Netherlands

(Cepsa) ο Cepsa to supply green ammonia to ACE Terminal in the Port of Rotterdam for conversion into green hydrogen for multiple industries in northern Europe or direct use in

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha : “K” LINE Conducts Trial Use of Marine Biofuel on Capesize Bulker to Help Decarbonize the Shipping Industry

(Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha/Market Screener) Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd. (“K” LINE) is pleased to announce that we have conducted the trial use of B24 marine biofuel comprising 24% fatty acid methyl

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the USDA Western Regional Research Center

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The USDA Western Regional Research Center has ~350 people, ~45 in bioproducts & biofuels. It’s part of the Agricultural Research Service, the ARS is the

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

Biofuels Digest’s 50 Hottest Companies Voting Opens

(Biofuels Digest) In Florida, The Digest announced the official opening of voting for the 50 Hottest Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy for 2023. Voting is now open to all registered subscribers

February 27, 2023 Read Full Article

RSB Publishes SAF Sustainability Guidance for Airports

(RSB) Airports play a crucial role in the Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) economy since they are the intersection node of several stakeholders of the aviation sector – including fuel producers, traders,

February 25, 2023 Read Full Article

South Carolina High School Receives Grant from Dominion Energy for Biodiesel Program

by Ron Kotrba (Biobased Diesel Daily) In late January Dominion Energy announced that the Dominion Energy Charitable Foundation has awarded more than $236,000 in environmental stewardship grants to 15 organizations across

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Low-CI Feedstock Traceability Critical to SAF Growth, Program Integrity

by Kristof Reiter (Biobased Diesel Daily) The U.S. government’s aggressive SAF goals will present challenges to tracking and verifying feedstock sustainability, demanding new solutions to ensure compliance. The U.S. government has

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Nebraska Soybean Board Sponsors Truck Side Campaign Promoting Biodiesel

(Nebraska Soybean Board) The Nebraska Soybean Board is proud to announce a truck side campaign promoting the use of biodiesel fuel in the state. This effort is aimed at raising awareness

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Neste Considers Establishing an Algae Pilot Facility in Spain

(Neste) Neste, the world’s leading producer of sustainable aviation fuel, renewable diesel and renewable feedstock solutions for various polymers and chemicals industry uses, is aiming to establish an algae pilot production

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Strong Relationships Yield Better Results for Farmers in International Negotiations

(Solutions from the Land) … The agreement more specifically requested the establishment of the four-year Sharm el-Sheikh joint work on implementation of climate action on agriculture and food security. All Parties and officially

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Cepsa and Damas collaborate on Spain’s first green hydrogen intercity bus project

( Cepsa/Alt Fuels) Cepsa and Damas have signed an agreement to promote the development of green hydrogen in intercity road transport and further promote sustainable mobility. This is the first partnership

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

MOL and Air Water Collaborate on Japan’s First Project of Bio-LNG as Marine Fuel

(MOL/Air Water/Alt Fuels) Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd. (MOL) and Air Water Inc. announced the signing of Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to jointly study the trial use of bio-LNG derived from cattle

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Processing of Bioplastics in Biogas Production: A Forward-Looking Waste Management Solution

(European Biogas Association) Biogas and biomethane are generated from different types of organic residues, turning waste into a valuable resource. A recent study shows that the increasing amount of compostable bioplastics in our

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

BHP Trials Renewable Fuel at Yandi

(BHP) BHP is trialling the use of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) to help power mining equipment at its Yandi iron ore operations in Western Australia. Supplied through a collaboration with bp,

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Eni Sustainable Mobility and Saipem Sign a Memorandum for the Use of Renewable Fuels on Naval Fleet

(Saipem) Eni Sustainable Mobility and Saipem have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the aim of employing biofuels on Saipem’s drilling and construction naval vessels, with particular attention to operations

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

“K” LINE Conducts Trial Use of Marine Biofuel on a Capesize Bulker

(Port News) Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, Ltd. (“K” LINE) is pleased to announce that we have conducted the trial use of B24 marine biofuel comprising 24% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) blended

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to USDA Efforts in Support of the Bioeconomy

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) The Inflation Reduction Act provides nearly $40 billion for USDA over the next 10 years to improve life and livelihoods in rural communities. Specific investments

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

World’s Largest Green Hydrogen Plant Breaks Ground in Ordos

by Yuan Hui in Hohhot and Yang Min (China Daily) The world’s biggest project using solar and wind power to produce hydrogen started construction in Ordos, Inner Mongolia autonomous region on

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

What Will the SAF Blenders Credit Mean for Operators?

(National Business Aviation Association) Current obstacles to greater availability and use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) may soon be surmounted in light of new legislation to significantly bolster industry efforts

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

ACCIONA Energía and Plug Power Present Their ‘Valle H2V Navarra’ Project to the Government of Navarra

(ACCIONA) 3,880 Tons/year: The aim is to use 90% of the production of green hydrogen for consumption by the main

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Plant-Based Ethanol in Petrol to Double to 10% from April

by George Lee (RTE) The plant-based ethanol content of all petrol sold in Ireland is to be doubled from 5%

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Collaborative Conversations: Talking about Sustainable Fuels to Students, Investors, and the Public — March 30, 2023 — Washington, DC and ONLINE

How do we talk about sustainable fuels? The public has heard a lot about EVs and ethanol, but what else

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

US Farmers Are Getting Paid More for Capturing Carbon in Fields

by Michael Hirtzer (Bloomberg Green) The credits are sold to companies seeking to reduce emissions. — Capturing carbon on the farm

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Renewable Fuel Mandates Can Cut Both Ways to Ensure Adequate Diesel Supply

by John Kingston (Freight Waves) … With renewable diesel and biodiesel becoming ever more important parts of the supply chain,

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

US Ethanol Industry Advocates for Certainty in Canadian Fuel Regs

(U.S. Grains Council/Ethanol Producer Magazine) U.S. Grains Council staff and Ethanol Advisory Team members traveled to Ottawa, Canada, from Jan. 31

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Energy Department Opens up $2.5B for Carbon Capture Demonstration Projects DEADLINES March 28, 2023 and April 5, 2023

by Ben Lefebvre (Politico Pro) The Energy Department said Thursday it is offering up to $2.5 billion to fund carbon capture

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Charting a Course through Turbulent Times in Latin America

(Biofuels International) Assessing this year’s prospects for biofuels in South America is about much more than just what is happening

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

Green Biofuels Launches Ireland’s First Low-Carbon Fuel Terminal

(Biofuels International) UK biofuel supplier Green Biofuels (GBF) has launched Ireland’s first renewable biofuel terminal in a built facility in

February 24, 2023 Read Full Article

DTE Vantage, U.S. Gain Providing RNG from Wisconsin Dairy

by Michael Bates (NGT News) DTE Vantage has partnered with U.S. Gain and Matsche Farms, which manages approximately 10,000 cows and

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

How to Register and Certify Carbon Removal Credits — March 9, 2023 — ONLINE

Getting carbon credits recognized by registries is a key step in developing a carbon removal company. So for this panel,

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Marketplace.city Has the Following Opportunity: Kankakee, IL School District 111 Busing Fuel Contract Procurement DEADLINE March 3, 3023

(Marketplace.city) Kankakee School District 111 will manage its own student busing program for the 2023-2024 school year after years of

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Sweden’s Biodiesel Blend Rate Hit 12-Month Low in December 2022

by John McGarrity (FastMarket) Consumption affected by high cost of renewable diesel — Sweden’s biodiesel blending rate fell to a 12-month low in

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

New bp E75 Racing Fuel for Repco Supercars Championship

(Repco Supercars Championship) bp, the official fuel supplier to the Repco Supercars Championship, is excited to announce that a new lower

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Neste to Supply Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Wizz Air

(Neste) Neste and Wizz Air have agreed on the supply of Neste MY Sustainable Aviation Fuel™ from 2025 onwards. The agreement gives Wizz

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Volunteering at ABLC 2023 — March 22-24, 2023 — Washington, DC

(Biofuels Digest) Perhaps you or someone you know might wish to volunteer at ABLC 2023, March 22-24 at the Mayflower Hotel,

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Liqvis Continues to Expand Its Bio-LNG Supply Portfolio and Will Gradually Switch to Bio-LNG for Heavy Duty Transport from 2023

(Uniper) Liqvis GmbH and revis bioenergy GmbH conclude agreement on supply of Bio-LNG; From mid-2023, Liqvis will gradually switch to

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Darling Ingredients Chosen as Panda Express’ Preferred Nationwide Provider for Used Cooking Oil Recycling for Renewable Fuel

(Darling Ingredients/PR Newswire) Darling Ingredients Inc. (NYSE: DAR), the world’s leading company turning food waste into sustainable products and renewable energy, today announced Panda

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

The Digest’s 2023 Multi-Slide Guide to the USDA Rural Business-Cooperative Service

by Jim Lane (Biofuels Digest) USDA’s Rural Business-Cooperative Service offers loan guarantees, grants, and technical assistance support of the bioeconomy

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

DHL Express Launches GoGreen Plus: First Global Express Courier to Give Customers the Opportunity to Use Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce Emissions

(Deutsche Post DHL Group) – GoGreen Plus will become available to all DHL Express customers globally over the coming months.

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

DSV Purchases Sustainable Aviation Fuel to Reduce Emissions for All Its 2023 Business Air Travel

(DSV) To reduce its carbon emissions, DSV will replace fossil jet fuel with SAF for all 2023 business travel. The initiative

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Airbus Willing to Set Up Ecosystem for SAF to Decarbonise Aviation Sector: Airbus Executive

(Outlook India) Airbus India and South Asia vice-president Frederic Combes has said Airbus is willing to set up an ecosystem

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Heathrow Airport Calls for Action to Make Aviation Greener

(BBC) The UK’s busiest airport has warned the country risks falling behind others in making aviation greener. Heathrow Airport has called for

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Technip Energies Selected by Arcadia eFuels for the World’s First Commercial Facility to Produce eFuels from Renewable Electricity and Captured CO2

(Technip Energies) Technip Energies (PARIS: TE) has been awarded a Front-End Engineering and Design (FEED) contract by Arcadia eFuels for the

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Feenstra Introduces 3 Bills to Boost Research for Biobased Fuels

by Erin Voegele (Ethanol Producer Magazine) Rep. Randy Feenstra, R-Iowa, in February reintroduced three bills that aim to support the U.S.

February 23, 2023 Read Full Article

Decarbonizing Diesel: Cleaner Fuels and Engines

(Climate Now) Electrification is going a long way in decarbonizing small vehicles (like passenger cars) in the global transportation sector,